| using the β-glucosidase catalyzed reaction product glucose to improve the ionic liquid tolerance of β-glucosidases. | pretreating biomass with ionic liquids (il) increases enzyme accessibility and cellulose is typically recovered through precipitation with an anti-solvent. an industrially feasible pretreatment and hydrolysis process requires robust cellulases that are stable and active in the presence of either small amounts of ils co-precipitated with recovered cellulose or for saccharifications in the presence of il. β-glucosidase (bg) hydrolyzes cellobiose into two molecules of glucose (glc) and is the last ... | 2016 | 27006691 |
| groe chaperonins assisted functional expression of bacterial enzymes in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | rapid advances in the capabilities of reading and writing dna along with increasing understanding of microbial metabolism at the systems-level have paved an incredible path for metabolic engineering. despite these advances, post-translational tools facilitating functional expression of heterologous enzymes in model hosts have not been developed well. some bacterial enzymes, such as escherichia coli xylose isomerase (xi) and arabinose isomerase (ai) which are essential for utilizing cellulosic su ... | 2016 | 27003667 |
| production of a novel bioflocculant and its flocculation performance in aluminum removal. | a novel bioflocculant cbf with high flocculating activity, produced by mixed culture of rhizobium radiobacter f2 and bacillus sphaericus f6 from soil, was investigated with regard to its production and flocculation performance in al(iii) removal. the most preferred carbon source, nitrogen source and c/n ratio (w/w) for strains f2 and f6 to produce cbf were glucose, urea and 20, respectively. the optimal inoculum size for cbf production was 10 % (v/v). the optimal initial ph, culture temperature ... | 2016 | 27002778 |
| rhamnose synthase activity is required for pathogenicity of the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae. | the initial interaction of a pathogenic fungus with its host is complex and involves numerous metabolic pathways and regulatory proteins. considerable attention has been devoted to proteins that play a crucial role in these interactions, with an emphasis on so-called effector molecules that are secreted by the invading microbe to establish the symbiosis. however, the contribution of other types of molecules, such as glycans, is less well appreciated. here, we present a random genetic screen that ... | 2017 | 26996832 |
| protocol: transient expression system for functional genomics in the tropical tree theobroma cacao l. | theobroma cacao l., the source of cocoa, is a crop of significant economic value around the world. to facilitate the study of gene function in cacao we have developed a rapid agrobacterium-mediated transient genetic transformation protocol. here we present a detailed methodology for our transformation assay, as well as an assay for inoculation of cacao leaves with pathogens. | 2016 | 26973706 |
| the helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island protein cag1 is associated with the function of t4ss. | the human pathogen helicobacter pylori is involved in gastric diseases ranging from gastritis to gastric cancer. virulent strains harboring the cag pathogenicity island (cag pai) which encode a type iv secretion system (t4ss) can induce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-8 and deliver their major effector proteins caga into the gastric cells. while a subset of cag pai genes have been identified to be the homologues of t4ss genes from agrobacterium tumefaciens, a majority have unknown ... | 2016 | 26971262 |
| antitumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of isolated crude saponins and various fractions of rumex hastatus d. don. | cancer, being the foremost challenge of the modern era and the focus of world-class investigators, gargantuan research is in progress worldwide to explore novel therapeutic for its management. the exploitation of natural sources has been proven to be an excellent approach to treat or minify the excessive angiogenesis and proliferation of cells. similarly, based the ethnomedicinal uses and literature survey, the current study is designed to explore the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic potentials of ... | 2016 | 26969307 |
| improvement of soybean transformation via agrobacterium tumefaciens methods involving α-aminooxyacetic acid and sonication treatments enlightened by gene expression profile analysis. | antagonists and sonication treatment relieved the structural barriers of agrobacterium entering into cells; hindered signal perception and transmission; alleviated defense responses and increased cell susceptibility to agrobacterium infection. soybean gene expression analysis was performed to elucidate the general response of soybean plant to agrobacterium at an early stage of infection. agrobacterium infection stimulated the pamps-triggered immunity (bri1, bak1, bzr1, fls2 and efr) and effector ... | 2016 | 26960402 |
| co-overexpression of brassica juncea npr1 (bjnpr1) and trigonella foenum-graecum defensin (tfgd) in transgenic peanut provides comprehensive but varied protection against aspergillus flavus and cercospora arachidicola. | coexpression of two antifungal genes ( npr1 and defensin ) in transgenic peanut results in the development of resistance to two major fungal pathogens, aspergillus flavus and cercospora arachidicola. fungal diseases have been one of the principal causes of crop losses with no exception to peanut (arachis hypogeae l.), a major oilseed crop in asia and africa. to address this problem, breeding for fungal disease resistance has been successful to some extent against specific pathogens. however, com ... | 2016 | 26956134 |
| double-stranded rna-mediated interference of dumpy genes in bursaphelenchus xylophilus by feeding on filamentous fungal transformants. | rna interference (rnai) is a valuable tool for studying gene function in vivo and provides a functional genomics platform in a wide variety of organisms. the pinewood nematode, bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a prominent invasive plant-parasitic nematode and has become a serious worldwide threat to forest ecosystems. presently, the complete genome sequence of b. xylophilus has been published, and research involving genome-wide functional analyses is likely to increase. in this study, we describe ... | 2016 | 26953254 |
| salivary proteins of spider mites suppress defenses in nicotiana benthamiana and promote mite reproduction. | spider mites (tetranychidae sp.) are widely occurring arthropod pests on cultivated plants. feeding by the two-spotted spider mite t. urticae, a generalist herbivore, induces a defense response in plants that mainly depends on the phytohormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid (sa). on tomato (solanum lycopersicum), however, certain genotypes of t. urticae and the specialist species t. evansi were found to suppress these defenses. this phenomenon occurs downstream of phytohormone accumulation vi ... | 2016 | 26946468 |
| rhizobium radiobacter: a recently recognized cause of bacterial keratitis. | to present the first reported cases of keratitis caused by rhizobium radiobacter. | 2016 | 26938327 |
| identification of the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase responsible for biosynthesis of the potential anti-cancer drug sansalvamide in fusarium solani. | sansalvamide is a cyclic pentadepsipeptide produced by fusarium solani and has shown promising results as potential anti-cancer drug. the biosynthetic pathway has until now remained unidentified, but here we used an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) approach to generate knockout mutants of two candidate non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps29 and nrps30). comparative studies of secondary metabolites in the two deletion mutants and wild type confirmed the absence of sansa ... | 2016 | 26936154 |
| monitoring the efficacy of mutated allium sativum leaf lectin in transgenic rice against rhizoctonia solani. | rice sheath blight, caused by rhizoctonia solani is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. it is associated with significant reduction in rice productivity worldwide. a mutant variant of mannose binding allium sativum leaf agglutinin (masal) was previously reported to exhibit strong antifungal activity against r. solani. in this study, the masal gene has been evaluated for its in planta antifungal activity in rice plants. | 2016 | 26932667 |
| spike-dip transformation of setaria viridis. | traditional method of agrobacterium-mediated transformation through the generation of tissue culture had limited success for setaria viridis, an emerging c4 monocot model. here we present an efficient in planta method for agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of s. viridis using spike dip. pre-anthesis developing spikes were dipped into a solution of agrobacterium tumefaciens strain agl1 harboring the β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s ... | 2016 | 26932666 |
| the mettl20 homologue from agrobacterium tumefaciens is a dual specificity protein-lysine methyltransferase that targets ribosomal protein l7/l12 and the β subunit of electron transfer flavoprotein (etfβ). | human mettl20 is a mitochondrial, lysine-specific methyltransferase that methylates the β-subunit of electron transfer flavoprotein (etfβ). interestingly, putative mettl20 orthologues are found in a subset of α-proteobacteria, including agrobacterium tumefaciens using an activity-based approach, we identified in bacterial extracts two substrates of recombinant mettl20 from a. tumefaciens (atmettl20), namely etfβ and the ribosomal protein rpl7/l12. we show that atmettl20, analogous to the human e ... | 2016 | 26929405 |
| identifying a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a gene and its efficient agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in bixa orellana l. | carotenoids are metabolized to apocarotenoids through the pathway catalysed by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (ccos). the apocarotenoids are economically important as it is known to have therapeutic as well as industrial applications. for instance, bixin from bixa orellana and crocin from crocus sativus are commercially used as a food colourant and cosmetics since prehistoric time. in our present study, ccd4a gene has been identified and isolated from leaves of b. orellana for the first time and ... | 2016 | 26922728 |
| the addition of n-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone to improve the microbial flocculant production of agrobacterium tumefaciens strain f2, an exopolysaccharide bioflocculant-producing bacterium. | in this study, n-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (c6-hsl), a member of the n-acyl-homoserine lactone class of microbial quorum sensing (qs) signaling molecules, was used to improve microbial flocculant production. after exogenous c6-hsl was added, exopolysaccharide concentration of microbial flocculants was improved by 1.6-fold and flocculation rate of microbial flocculants was increased by 10 %. fermentation conditions with added c6-hsl were further optimized through response surface methodology. t ... | 2016 | 26922725 |
| quorum sensing inhibitory potential and molecular docking studies of sesquiterpene lactones from vernonia blumeoides. | the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial pathogens has focused research on the suppression of bacterial virulence via quorum sensing inhibition strategies, rather than the conventional antimicrobial approach. the anti-virulence potential of eudesmanolide sesquiterpene lactones previously isolated from vernonia blumeoides was assessed by inhibition of quorum sensing and in silico molecular docking. inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled violacein production in chro ... | 2016 | 26920717 |
| effects of feeding transgenic corn with mcry1ac or maroacc gene to laying hens for 12 weeks on growth, egg quality and organ health. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of feeding two transgenic corn lines containing the mcry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain (bt-799) and the maroacc gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (cc-2), respectively, on growth, egg quality and organ health indicators. expression of the mcry1ac gene confers resistance to pyrausta nubilalis and the maroacc gene confers tolerance to herbicides. healthy hens (n=96 placed in cages; 3 hens/cage) were randomly assi ... | 2016 | 26915544 |
| antisense expression of gossypium hirsutum udp-glucuronate decarboxylase in arabidopsis leads to changes in cell wall components. | udp-glucuronate decarboxylase (udp-xylose synthase; uxs, ec 4.1.1.35) is an essential enzyme of the non-cellulosic polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway. in the present study, using transient expression of fluorescently labeled gossypium hirsutum uxs (ghuxs3) protein in onion epidermal cells, we observed that this protein was distributed in the cytoplasm. the ghuxs3 cdna of cotton was expressed in an antisense orientation in arabidopsis thaliana by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation ... | 2016 | 26909959 |
| construction of artificial mirnas to prevent drought stress in solanum tuberosum. | the use of artificial micrornas (amirnas) is still a relatively new technique in molecular biology with a wide range of applications in life sciences. here, we describe the silencing of the cbp80/abh1 gene in solanum tuberosum with the use of amirna. the cbp80/abh1 protein is part of the cap binding complex (cbc), which is involved in plant responses to drought stress conditions. transformed plants with a decreased level of cbp80/abh1 display increased tolerance to water shortage conditions. we ... | 2016 | 26867630 |
| the fungal-specific transcription factor vdpf influences conidia production, melanized microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity in verticillium dahliae. | verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne, hemibiotrophic phytopathogenic fungus that causes wilting in crop plants. here, we constructed a random insertional mutant library using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to study the pathogenicity and regulatory mechanisms of v. dahliae. the fungal-specific transcription factor-encoding gene vdpf was shown to be associated with vegetative growth and virulence, with the highest transcript expression occurring during conidia formation in the v ... | 2016 | 26857810 |
| identification and characterization of an anti-oxidative stress-associated mutant of aspergillus fumigatus transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common opportunistic pathogenic fungi, surviving in various environmental conditions. maintenance of the redox homeostasis of the fungus relies upon the well‑organized regulation between reactive oxygen species generated by immune cells or its own organelles, and the activated anti‑oxidative stress mechanism. to investigate such a mechanism, the present study obtained a number of randomly‑inserted mutants of a. fumigatus, mediated by agrobacterium tumefac ... | 2016 | 26847000 |
| the opposite roles of agda and glaa on citric acid production in aspergillus niger. | citric acid is produced by an industrial-scale process of fermentation using aspergillus niger as a microbial cell factory. however, citric acid production was hindered by the non-fermentable isomaltose and insufficient saccharification ability in a. niger when liquefied corn starch was used as a raw material. in this study, a. niger tna 101δagda was constructed by deletion of the α-glucosidase-encoding agda gene in a. niger cgmcc 10142 genome using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformat ... | 2016 | 26837219 |
| tatc-dependent translocation of pyoverdine is responsible for the microbial growth suppression. | infections are often not caused by a colonization of pseudomonas aeruginosa alone but by a consortium of other bacteria. little is known about the impact of p. aeruginosa on the growth of other bacteria upon coinfection. here, cell-ree culture supernatants obtained from p. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of a number of bacterial strains such as corynebacterium glutamicum, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, and agrobacterium tumefaciens, but had little effect on the growth of escherichia ... | 2016 | 26832668 |
| comparative characterization of three bacterial exo-type alginate lyases. | alginate, a major acidic polysaccharide in brown macroalgae, has attracted attention as a carbon source for production of ethanol and other chemical compounds. alginate is monomerized by exo-type alginate lyase into an unsaturated uronate; thus, this enzyme is critical for the saccharification and utilization of alginate. although several exo-type alginate lyases have been characterized independently, their activities were not assayed under the same conditions or using the same unit definition, ... | 2016 | 26827758 |
| biodegradation of the cross-linked copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate by soil bacteria. | chemical cross-linking and the high molecular weight of superabsorbent copolymers (saps) are the two main causes of their resistance to biodegradation. however, sap particles are colonized by microorganisms. for the purposes of this study, the dry technical copolymer of acrylamide and potassium acrylate containing 5.28 % of unpolymerized monomers was wrapped in a geotextile and incubated in unsterile haplic luvisol soil as a water absorbing geocomposite. the highest number of soil bacteria that ... | 2016 | 26817471 |
| an improved single-step cloning strategy simplifies the agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt)-based gene-disruption method for verticillium dahliae. | the soilborne fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae infects a broad range of plant species to cause severe diseases. the availability of verticillium genome sequences has provided opportunities for large-scale investigations of individual gene function in verticillium strains using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt)-based gene-disruption strategies. traditional atmt vectors require multiple cloning steps and elaborate characterization procedures to achieve successful gene re ... | 2016 | 26780432 |
| improvement in agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) by the inhibition of polyphenolics released during wounding of cotyledonary node explants. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) has been performed using cotyledonary node explants (cns), which release phenolics upon excision that are detrimental to the viability of agrobacterium tumefaciens and result in low transformation frequency. twelve low molecular weight phenolic compounds and salicylic acid were identified in the exudates released upon excision during the preparation of cotyledonary nodes by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography ... | 2017 | 26747430 |
| efficient construction of large genomic deletion in agrobacterium tumefaciens by combination of cre/loxp system and triple recombineering. | in order to develop an efficient system for deleting genomic segment in agrobacterium tumefaciens to analyze gene functions and construct marker gene-free recombinant strains, a cre recombinase expression plasmid was constructed by placing its encoding gene under the control of ptet promoter and cloning into the plasmid replicable in both a. tumefaciens and e. coli. triple recombineering was applied to efficiently construct integrative vectors which were used to introduce loxp sites and selectio ... | 2016 | 26742770 |
| effects of a petunia scaffold/matrix attachment region on copy number dependency and stability of transgene expression in nicotiana tabacum. | transgenes in genetically modified plants are often not reliably expressed during development or in subsequent generations. transcriptional gene silencing (tgs) as well as post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) have been shown to occur in transgenic plants depending on integration pattern, copy number and integration site. in an effort to reduce position effects, to prevent read-through transcription and to provide a more accessible chromatin structure, a p35s-ß-glucuronidase (p35s-gus) tran ... | 2016 | 26732611 |
| transformation of lactuca sativa l. with rol c gene results in increased antioxidant potential and enhanced analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activities in vivo. | lettuce is an important edible crop which possesses various medicinal properties. in this study lactuca sativa l. (cv grand rapids) was transformed by agrobacterium-mediated transformation with rol c gene. transgene integration and expression was confirmed through pcr and semiquantitative rt-pcr. the transformed extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and in vivo analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antidepressant activities in rats. the transformed plants showed 53-98 % increase in t ... | 2016 | 28330287 |
| parameters influencing agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in safflower genotypes aks-207 and pkv pink. | shoot regeneration in safflower (carthamus tinctorius 'aks 207' and 'pkv pink') genetically transformed using agrobacterium was used for assessing various constraints to the efficiency of transformation including infection period, virulence induction medium, co-cultivation period, bacterial titre, selection regime, and the natural phenolic compound acetosyringone. transformation frequency was promising with 8-10-day-old cotyledonary leaf explants. therefore, explants of that age cultured on agro ... | 2016 | 28330253 |
| identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from in vitro cultures of peach and pear rootstocks. | endophytes are microorganisms which live symbiotically with almost all varieties of plant and in turn helping the plant in a number of ways. instead of satisfactory surface sterilization approaches, repeatedly occurring bacterial growth on in vitro rootstock cultures of peach and pear was identified and isolated as endophytic bacteria in our present study. five different isolates from peach rootstocks were molecularly identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing as brevundimonas diminuta, leifsonia sh ... | 2016 | 28330195 |
| a simple and efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated plant transformation of brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis. | the present study aims to investigate the numerous factors influencing agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). factors affecting transformation efficiency, such as age of explants, agrobacterium concentration, and effect of acetosyringone, pre-cultivation, infection and co-cultivation time of agrobacterium were examined. the pre-cultured hypocotyls from young seedlings prior to exposure to agrobacterium showed higher shoot reg ... | 2016 | 28330158 |
| exploration of nifh gene through soil metagenomes of the western indian himalayas. | this group has previously highlighted the prevalence of csp genes from cold himalayan environments. however, this study has explored the uncultured diazotrophs from metagenomes of western indian himalayas. the metagenomic nifh gene clone library was constructed from the temperate, subtropical and tarai soils of western himalaya, india followed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification. after preliminary screening, selected clones were sequenced. in silico analysis of the clones was done, ... | 2016 | 28330093 |
| the plant gaba signaling downregulates horizontal transfer of the agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence plasmid. | in the tumor-inducing (ti) agrobacterium tumefaciens, quorum sensing activates the horizontal transfer of the virulent ti plasmid. in pure culture, this process can be impaired by the a. tumefaciens blcc lactonase, whose expression is induced by gamma-aminobutyrate (gaba). it was therefore hypothesized that host gaba content might modulate quorum sensing and virulence gene dissemination during a. tumefaciens infection. we examined gaba metabolism and transport in arabidopsis thaliana tumors comb ... | 2016 | 26714842 |
| [identification of a pigment-polyketide synthase gene deleted mutant of monascus ruber m7]. | to reveal the function of a polyketide synthase gene (pkspt), probably responsible for the synthesis of monascus pigments in monascus ruber m7. | 2015 | 26710605 |
| [preliminary analyses on bacterial diversity and resistance in infection-related skin disorders]. | to explore the bacterial diversity and resistance in infection-related skin disorders. | 2015 | 26704163 |
| expression of agrobacterium homolog genes encoding t-complex recruiting protein under virulence induction conditions. | the proteins encoded by three agrobacterial genes, atu5117, atu4860, and atu4856, are highly homologous to each other in amino acid sequence. all three proteins can bind to vird2 and are named vbp1, vbp2, and vbp3 (vird2-binding protein), respectively. vbp is involved in t-dna transfer by recruiting the t-complex from the cytosol to the polar transport apparatus t4ss (type iv secretion system) and is defined as the "t-complex recruiting protein." however, it remains unknown how these three homol ... | 2015 | 26696988 |
| transient expression of p-type atpases in tobacco epidermal cells. | transient expression in tobacco cells is a convenient method for several purposes such as analysis of protein-protein interactions and the subcellular localization of plant proteins. a suspension of agrobacterium tumefaciens cells carrying the plasmid of interest is injected into the intracellular space between leaf epidermal cells, which results in dna transfer from the bacteria to the plant and expression of the corresponding proteins. by injecting mixes of agrobacterium strains, this system o ... | 2016 | 26695049 |
| interaction of antifungal peptide bp15 with stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear. | peptide bp15 has shown antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi, including stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear. bp15 inhibits the germination, growth and sporulation of s. vesicarium and displays post-infection activity by stopping fungal infection in pear leaves. in this work, live-cell imaging was undertaken to understand the antifungal mechanism of bp15. a double-staining method based on the combination of calcofluor white and sytox green coupled w ... | 2016 | 26693685 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation: an efficient tool for insertional mutagenesis and targeted gene disruption in harpophora oryzae. | the endophytic filamentous fungus harpophora oryzae is a beneficial endosymbiont isolated from the wild rice. h. oryzae could not only effectively improve growth rate and biomass yield of rice crops, but also induce systemic resistance against the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe oryzae. in this study, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) was employed and optimized to modify the h. oryzae genes by either random dna fragment integration or targeted gene replacement. our results ... | 2016 | 26686612 |
| the essential role of spermidine in growth of agrobacterium tumefaciens is determined by the 1,3-diaminopropane moiety. | the ubiquitous polyamine spermidine is indispensable for eukaryotic growth and cell proliferation. a conserved vital function of spermidine across eukaryotes is conferred by its aminobutyl group that is transferred to a single lysine in translation factor eif5a to form the essential hypusine post-translational modification required for cellular translation. in direct contrast, although spermidine is absolutely essential for growth of α-proteobacterial plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens, we ... | 2016 | 26682642 |
| advances in agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of graminaceous crops. | steady increase in global population poses several challenges to plant science research, including demand for increased crop productivity, grain yield, nutritional quality and improved tolerance to different environmental factors. transgene-based approaches are promising to address these challenges by transferring potential candidate genes to host organisms through different strategies. agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer is one such strategy which is well known for enabling efficient gene tran ... | 2016 | 26660352 |
| community analysis of root- and tuber-associated bacteria in field-grown potato plants harboring different resistance levels against common scab. | eight genotypes of potato plants with different resistance levels against common scab were grown in a field infested with streptomyces turgidiscabies. dna was extracted from the roots, tubers, and rhizosphere soils of each of the eight genotypes at the flowering stage, and the quantity of s. turgidiscabies genomic dna was assessed by real-time pcr using a taqman probe. the results obtained showed that the different potato genotypes had significant impacts on the population levels of s. turgidisc ... | 2015 | 26657303 |
| constitutive expression of the tzs gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens virg mutant strains is responsible for improved transgenic plant regeneration in cotton meristem transformation. | key message : virg mutant strains of a nopaline type of agrobacterium tumefaciens increase the transformation frequency in cotton meristem transformation. constitutive cytokinin expression from the tzs gene in the virg mutant strains is responsible for the improvement. strains of agrobacterium tumefaciens were tested for their ability to improve cotton meristem transformation frequency. two disarmed a. tumefaciens nopaline strains with either a virgn54d constitutively active mutation or virgi77v ... | 2016 | 26650837 |
| cloning and evaluation of different constitutive promoters in the oleaginous yeast rhodosporidium toruloides. | the oleaginous yeast rhodosporidium toruloides is an unconventional yeast species that can accumulate a high content of lipids. because it belongs to the basidiomycetous group of fungus, limited tools and functional elements are available for genetic engineering of r. toruloides and related red yeasts. here we report the functional evaluation of five constitutive promoters from this yeast. we assembled a reporter gene expression cassette, consisting of a promoter, the hygromycin gene (hyg) and t ... | 2016 | 26648086 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of aureobasidium pullulans and high-efficient screening for polymalic acid producing strain]. | to develop a genetic transformation method of aureobasidium pullulans and t-dna insertion for high-efficient screening of polymalic acid (pma) producing strain. agrobacterium tumefaciens-agl1, containing the selection genes encoding hygromycin b phosphotase or phosphinothricin acetyltranferase, was used to transform aureobasidium pullulans cctcc m2012223 and transformants were confirmed by colony pcr method. transferred dna (t-dna) insertional mutants were cultured in microwell plate, and screen ... | 2015 | 26647581 |
| decreased expression of 14-3-3 in paracoccidioides brasiliensis confirms its involvement in fungal pathogenesis. | the interaction between the fungal pathogen paracoccidioides brasiliensis and host cells is usually mediated by specific binding events between adhesins on the fungal surface and receptors on the host extracellular matrix or cell surface. one molecule implicated in the p. brasiliensis-host interaction is the 14-3-3 protein. the 14-3-3 protein belongs to a family of conserved regulatory molecules that are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are involved in diverse cellular functions. here, we i ... | 2016 | 26646480 |
| adaptation of the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg response regulator to activate transcription in plants. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens virg response regulator of the vira/virg two-component system was adapted to function in tobacco protoplasts. the subcellular localization of virg and vira proteins transiently expressed in onion cells was determined using gfp fusions. preliminary studies using gal4dbd-vp16 fusions with virg and escherichia coli uhpa, and narl response regulators indicated compatibility of these bacterial proteins with the eukaryotic transcriptional apparatus. a strong transcription ... | 2016 | 26646288 |
| an efficient protocol for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the biofuel plant jatropha curcas by optimizing kanamycin concentration and duration of delayed selection. | jatropha curcas is considered a potential biodiesel feedstock crop. currently, the value of j. curcas is limited because its seed yield is generally low. transgenic modification is a promising approach to improve the seed yield of j. curcas. although agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of j. curcas has been pursued for several years, the transformation efficiency remains unsatisfying. therefore, a highly efficient and simple agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method for j. c ... | 2017 | 26640597 |
| polyclonal antibodies for specific detection of tobacco host cell proteins can be efficiently generated following rubisco depletion and the removal of endotoxins. | the production of biopharmaceutical proteins in plants requires efficient downstream processing steps that remove impurities such as host cell proteins (hcps) and adventitious endotoxins produced by bacteria during transient expression. we therefore strived to develop effective routines for endotoxin removal from plant extracts and the subsequent use of the extracts to generate antibodies detecting a broad set of hcps. at first, we depleted the superabundant protein ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate car ... | 2016 | 26632519 |
| detection of quorum sensing molecules and biofilm formation in ralstonia solanacearum. | many bacteria use small diffusible signaling molecules to communicate each other termed as quorum sensing (qs). most gram-negative bacteria use acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) as qs signal molecules. using these signaling molecules, bacteria are able to express specific genes in response to population density. this work aimed to detect the production of qs signal molecules and biofilm formation in ralstonia solanacearum isolated from various diseased tomato plants with symptoms of bacterial wilt. ... | 2016 | 26620535 |
| transient protein expression by agroinfiltration in lettuce. | current systems of recombinant protein production include bacterial, insect, and mammalian cell culture. however, these platforms are expensive to build and operate at commercial scales and/or have limited abilities to produce complex proteins. in recent years, plant-based expression systems have become top candidates for the production of recombinant proteins as they are highly scalable, robust, safe, and can produce complex proteins due to having a eukaryotic endomembrane system. newly develop ... | 2016 | 26614281 |
| multigene engineering in rice using high-capacity agrobacterium tumefaciens bibac vectors. | the high-capacity binary bacterial artificial chromosome (bibac) vector system permits the insertion of large fragments of dna, up to 150 kb, into plants via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. here, we describe an optimized protocol for transformation of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) using this system. calli derived from mature embryos are transformed using agrobacterium strain lba4404 that carries the bibac vector and the super-virulent helper plasmid pch32. transformed calli are then reg ... | 2016 | 26614279 |
| development of an efficient in vitro plant regeneration system amenable to agrobacterium- mediated transformation of a recalcitrant grain legume blackgram (vigna mungo l. hepper). | an efficient, rapid and direct multiple shoot regeneration system amenable to agrobacterium-mediated transformation from primary leaf with intact petiole of blackgram (vigna mungo) is established for the first time. the effect of the explant type and its age, type and concentration of cytokinin and auxin either alone or in combination and genotype on multiple shoot regeneration efficiency and frequency was optimized. the primary leaf explants with petiole excised from 4-day-old seedlings directl ... | 2015 | 26600677 |
| virus-induced gene silencing as a tool to study tomato fruit biochemistry. | virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an excellent reverse genetic tool for the study of gene function in plants, based on virus infection. in this chapter, we describe a high-throughput approach based on vigs for the study of tomato fruit biochemistry. it comprises the selection of the sequence for silencing using bioinformatics tools, the cloning of the fragment in the tobacco rattle virus (trv), and the agroinfiltration of tomato fruits mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | 2016 | 26577782 |
| [construction of transgenic tobacco expressing tomato ggps2 gene and analysis of its low light tolerance]. | to explore the influence of low light on the synthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll and the adaptability of transgenic plants with tomato solanum lycopersicon l. ggps2 gene, we constructed a vector containing a ggps2 gene with green fluorescent protein (gfp) as report gene under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and introduced it into tobacco nicotiana tabacum l. cv. wisconsin 38 by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. pcr analysis of the dna from kanamycin resi ... | 2015 | 26571690 |
| biochemical analysis of cage: a virb4 homologue of helicobacter pylori cag-t4ss. | helicobacter pylori are among the most successful human pathogens that harbour a distinct genomic segment called cag pathogenicity island (cag-pai). this genomic segment codes for a type iv secretion system (cag-t4ss) related to the prototypical virb/d4 system of agrobacterium tumefaciens (ag), a plant pathogen. some of the components of cag-t4ss share homology to that of virb proteins including putative energy providing cage (hp0544), the largest virb4 homologue. in ag, virb4 is required for th ... | 2015 | 26565397 |
| inoculation of new rhizobial isolates improve nutrient uptake and growth of bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and arugula (eruca sativa). | in the current agricultural model, the massive use of chemical fertilizer causes environmental and economic losses. inoculation of plant-growth-promoting (pgp) nitrogen-fixing bacteria is an alternative to the use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. in this study, rhizobia strains isolated from common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) root nodules were evaluated in an effort to identify an efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobia strain able to improve bean germination and growth. | 2016 | 26564333 |
| acetosyringone, ph and temperature effects on transient genetic transformation of immature embryos of brazilian wheat genotypes by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | low transformation efficiency is one of the main limiting factors in the establishment of genetic transformation of wheat via agrobacterium tumefaciens. to determine more favorable conditions for t-dna delivery and explant regeneration after infection, this study investigated combinations of acetosyringone concentration and ph variation in the inoculation and co-cultivation media and co-culture temperatures using immature embryos from two brazilian genotypes (br 18 terena and pf 020037). based o ... | 2015 | 26537604 |
| tanac29, a nac transcription factor from wheat, enhances salt and drought tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) transcription factors play important roles in plant biological processes, including phytohormone homeostasis, plant development, and in responses to various environmental stresses. | 2015 | 26536863 |
| cloning and transformation of inducer of cbf expression1 (ice1) in tomato. | the tomato plant (solanum lycopersicum mill.) is sensitive to cold, and low field temperatures can result in shortened growth periods and decreased crop yield. transcription of crt/dre-binding factor (cbf) is regulated by inducer of cbf expression1 (ice1). cbf activates many downstream genes that confer cold tolerance on plants. ice1 has been used in genetic engineering to improve cold-resistance in several plant species. here, ice1 in a plant expression vector was used to transform a tissue-cul ... | 2015 | 26535626 |
| ectopic overexpression of wssgtl1, a sterol glucosyltransferase gene in withania somnifera, promotes growth, enhances glycowithanolide and provides tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. | overexpression of sterol glycosyltransferase (sgtl1) gene of withania somnifera showing its involvement in glycosylation of withanolide that leads to enhanced growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. withania somnifera is widely used in ayurvedic medicines for over 3000 years due to its therapeutic properties. it contains a variety of glycosylated steroids called withanosides that possess neuroregenerative, adaptogenic, anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. the ... | 2016 | 26518426 |
| non-pathogenic rhizobium radiobacter f4 deploys plant beneficial activity independent of its host piriformospora indica. | the alphaproteobacterium rhizobium radiobacter f4 (rrf4) was originally characterized as an endofungal bacterium in the beneficial endophytic sebacinalean fungus piriformospora indica. although attempts to cure p. indica from rrf4 repeatedly failed, the bacterium can easily be grown in pure culture. here, we report on rrf4's genome and the beneficial impact the free-living bacterium has on plants. in contrast to other endofungal bacteria, the genome size of rrf4 is not reduced. instead, it shows ... | 2016 | 26495996 |
| a novel reference plasmid for the qualitative detection of genetically modified rice in food and feed. | rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. genetically modified (gm) technology has been used in rice to confer herbicide tolerance and pathogen or insect resistance. china invests heavily in research on gm rice. by the end of 2014, at least 250 transgenic rice lines had been developed in china. to monitor the presence of gm rice in food and feed, we collected information on foreign elements from 250 transgenic rice lines and found 5 elements, including the agrobacterium tumefaci ... | 2015 | 26495318 |
| engineering rhodosporidium toruloides for increased lipid production. | oleaginous yeast are promising organisms for the production of lipid-based chemicals and fuels from simple sugars. in this work, we explored rhodosporidium toruloides for the production of lipid-based products. this oleaginous yeast natively produces lipids at high titers and can grow on glucose and xylose. as a first step, we sequenced the genomes of two strains, ifo0880, and ifo0559, and generated draft assemblies and annotations. we then used this information to engineer two r. toruloides str ... | 2016 | 26479039 |
| a ku70 null mutant improves gene targeting frequency in the fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae. | to overcome the challenges met with gene deletion in the plant pathogen verticillium dahliae, a mutant strain with impaired non-homologous end joining dna repair was generated to improve targeted gene replacement frequencies. a v. dahliae 991 δvdku70 null mutant strain was generated using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. despite having impaired non-homologous end joining dna repair function, the δvdku70 strain exhibited normal growth, reproduction capability, and pathogenicity ... | 2015 | 26475327 |
| atp-binding cassette (abc) transport system solute-binding protein-guided identification of novel d-altritol and galactitol catabolic pathways in agrobacterium tumefaciens c58. | innovations in the discovery of the functions of uncharacterized proteins/enzymes have become increasingly important as advances in sequencing technology flood protein databases with an exponentially growing number of open reading frames. this study documents one such innovation developed by the enzyme function initiative (efi; u54gm093342), the use of solute-binding proteins for transport systems to identify novel metabolic pathways. in a previous study, this strategy was applied to the tripart ... | 2015 | 26472925 |
| the agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence protein vire3 is a transcriptional activator of the f-box gene vbf. | during agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of plant cells a part of the tumour-inducing plasmid, t-dna, is integrated into the host genome. in addition, a number of virulence proteins are translocated into the host cell. the virulence protein vire3 binds to the arabidopsis thaliana pbrp protein, a plant-specific general transcription factor of the tfiib family. to study a possible role for vire3 in transcriptional regulation, we stably expressed vire3 in a. thaliana under control o ... | 2015 | 26461850 |
| removal of bacterial suspension water occupying the intercellular space of detached leaves after agroinfiltration improves the yield of recombinant hemagglutinin in a nicotiana benthamiana transient gene expression system. | the use of detached leaves instead of whole plants provides an alternative means for recombinant protein production based on agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient gene overexpression. however, the process for high-level protein production in detached leaves has not yet been established. in this study, we focused on leaf handling and maintenance conditions immediately after infiltration with agrobacterium suspension (agroinfiltration) to improve recombinant protein expression in detached n ... | 2016 | 26461274 |
| antimicrobial activity of cream incorporated with silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from withania somnifera. | we report on the antimicrobial activity of a cream formulation of silver nanoparticles (agnps), biosynthesized using withania somnifera extract. aqueous extracts of leaves promoted efficient green synthesis of agnps compared to fruits and root extracts of w. somnifera. biosynthesized agnps were characterized for their size and shape by physical-chemical techniques such as uv-visible spectroscopy, laser doppler anemometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic for ... | 2015 | 26445537 |
| genetic transformation of artemisia carvifolia buch with rol genes enhances artemisinin accumulation. | the potent antimalarial drug artemisinin has a high cost, since its only viable source to date is artemisia annua (0.01-0.8% dw). there is therefore an urgent need to design new strategies to increase its production or to find alternative sources. in the current study, artemisia carvifolia buch was selected with the aim of detecting artemisinin and then enhancing the production of the target compound and its derivatives. these metabolites were determined by lc-ms in the shoots of a. carvifolia w ... | 2015 | 26444558 |
| evaluation on the effectiveness of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase (dog(r)1) gene as a selectable marker for oil palm (elaeis guineensis jacq.) embryogenic calli transformation mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | dog(r)1, which encodes 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase, has been used as a selectable marker gene to produce transgenic plants. in this study, a transformation vector, pbidog, which contains the dog(r)1 gene, was transformed into oil palm embryogenic calli (ec) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404. transformed ec were exposed to 400 mg l(-1) 2-deoxyglucose (2-dog) as the selection agent. 2-dog resistant tissues were regenerated into whole plantlets on various regeneration ... | 2015 | 26442041 |
| in planta transformation of sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using tps1 gene for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses. | an in planta transformation protocol for sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) moench) using shoot apical meristem of germinating seedlings is reported in this study. agrobacterium tumefaciens strain, lba4404 with pcambia1303 vector and construct pcambia1303tps1 were individually used for transformation. since, the transgene is integrated into the cells of already differentiated tissues, the t 0 plants were chimeric and stable integration was observed in t1 generation. β-glucuronidase (gus) expression i ... | 2015 | 26440081 |
| transgenic cotton plants expressing double-stranded rnas target hmg-coa reductase (hmgr) gene inhibits the growth, development and survival of cotton bollworms. | rna interference (rnai) has been developed as a powerful technique in the research of functional genomics as well as plant pest control. in this report, double-stranded rnas (dsrna) targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) gene, which catalyze a rate-limiting enzymatic reaction in the mevalonate pathway of juvenile hormone (jh) synthesis in cotton bollworm, was expressed in cotton plants via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. pcr and sothern analysis revea ... | 2015 | 26435695 |
| yeast actin-related protein arp6 negatively regulates agrobacterium-mediated transformation of yeast cell. | the yeasts, including saccharomyces cerevisiae and pichia pastoris, are single-cell eukaryotic organisms that can serve as models for human genetic diseases and hosts for large scale production of recombinant proteins in current biopharmaceutical industry. thus, efficient genetic engineering tools for yeasts are of great research and economic values. agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (amt) can transfer t-dna into yeast cells as a method for genetic engineering. however, how the t ... | 2015 | 26425545 |
| ruta montana l. leaf essential oil and extracts: characterization of bioactive compounds and suppression of crown gall disease. | the aims of this study were to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the leaf essential oil and the leaf extracts of r. montana against botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, verticillium dahliae, aspergillus oryzae and fusarium solani. the oil (1.000 µg/disk) and the extracts (1.500 µg/disk) revealed a remarkable antifungal effect against the tested plant pathogenic fungi with a radial growth inhibition percentage of 40.0-80.0 % and 5.0-58.0 %, respectively along with their respective mic values ... | 2015 | 26417353 |
| gwt1 encoding an inositol acyltransferase homolog is required for laccase repression and stress resistance in the basidiomycete cryptococcus neoformans. | the transcriptional expression of laccase, which has been confirmed to contribute to the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans, is often repressed by a high concentration of glucose in many fungi, including c. neoformans. the underlying mechanism of the repression remains largely unknown. in this study, we found that a gwt1 gene that encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor biosynthesis-related protein is required for laccase repression by glucose in the basidiomycete c. neoformans. di ... | 2015 | 26410852 |
| modification of flower colour by suppressing β-ring carotene hydroxylase genes in oncidium. | oncidium 'gower ramsey' (onc. gr) is a popular cut flower, but its colour is limited to bright yellow. the β-ring carotene hydroxylase (bch2) gene is involved in carotenoid biogenesis for pigment formation. however, the role of bch2 in onc. gr is poorly understood. here, we investigated the functions of three bch2 genes, bch-a2, bch-b2 and bch-c2 isolated from onc. gr, to analyse their roles in flower colour. rt-pcr expression profiling suggested that bch2 was mainly expressed in flowers. the ex ... | 2016 | 26404515 |
| pattern of csice1 expression under cold or drought treatment and functional verification through analysis of transgenic arabidopsis. | csice1 is thought to be involved in hardiness resistance of tea plants. using seedling cuttings of biennial wuniuzao in this study, the pattern of csice1 expression under cold temperature (4°, -5°c), drought [20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (peg-6000)], and plant hormone [200 mg/l abscisic acid (aba), 1 mg/l brassinolide (br)] treatment was studied by real-time quantitative pcr. additionally, stress resistance, such as the freezing resistance of csice1, was studied using arabidopsis lines transform ... | 2015 | 26400357 |
| a reliable in vitro fruiting system for armillaria mellea for evaluation of agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation vectors. | armillaria mellea is a serious pathogen of horticultural and agricultural systems in europe and north america. the lack of a reliable in vitro fruiting system for heterothallic a. mellea has hindered research and required dependence on intermittently available wild-collected basidiospores of endemic genotypes, necessitating the use of variable genetic material in transformation studies. here we describe a reliable, reproducible in vitro fruiting method for heterothallic a. mellea from the wester ... | 2015 | 26399182 |
| expression of bioactive recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 10 in carthamus tinctorius l. seeds. | fibroblast growth factor 10 (fgf10) is a member of the fgf superfamily. it exhibits diverse biological functions, and is extensively used for fundamental research and clinical applications involving hair growth, tissue repair, and burn wounds. oil bodies, obtained from oil seeds, have been exploited for a variety of biotechnology applications. the use of oil bodies reduces purification steps and costs associated with the production of heterogonous proteins. here, recombinant human fgf10 (rhfgf10 ... | 2015 | 26384708 |
| the prokaryotic zinc-finger: structure, function and comparison with the eukaryotic counterpart. | classical zinc finger (zf) domains were thought to be confined to the eukaryotic kingdom until the transcriptional regulator ros protein was identified in agrobacterium tumefaciens. the ros cys2 his2 zf binds dna in a peculiar mode and folds in a domain significantly larger than its eukaryotic counterpart consisting of 58 amino acids (the 9-66 region) arranged in a βββαα topology, and stabilized by a conserved, extensive, 15-residue hydrophobic core. the prokaryotic zf domain, then, shows some i ... | 2015 | 26365095 |
| production of herbicide-resistant medicinal plant salvia miltiorrhiza transformed with the bar gene. | in this study, we successfully performed agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of salvia miltiorrhiza and produced herbicide-resistant transformants. leaf discs of s. miltiorrhiza were infected with agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 harboring pcambia 3301. the pcambia 3301 includes an intron-containing gus reporter and a bar selection marker. to increase stable transformation efficiency, a two-step selection was employed which consists of herbicide resistance and gus expression. here, we ... | 2015 | 26364310 |
| species-specific cell mobility of bacteria-feeding myxamoebae in plasmodial slime molds. | on decaying wood or litter in forests, plasmodial slime molds (myxomycetes) represent a large fraction of eukaryotic protists that feed on bacteria. in his seminal book experimental physiology of plants (1865), julius sachs referred to the multinucleate plasmodium of myxomycetes, which were considered at that time as primitive plants (or fungi). today it is well established that myxomycetes are members of the amoebozoa (protista). in this study we compare the mobility of myxamoebae of 3 european ... | 2015 | 26357877 |
| rnai-mediated gene silencing of wssgtl1 in w.somnifera affects growth and glycosylation pattern. | sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) belong to family 1 of glycosyltransferases (gts) and are enzymes responsible for synthesis of sterol-glucosides (sgs) in many organisms. wssgtl1 is a sgt of withania somnifera that has been found associated with plasma membranes. however its biological function in w.somnifera is largely unknown. in the present study, we have demonstrated through rnai silencing of wssgtl1 gene that it performs glycosylation of withanolides and sterols resulting in glycowithanoli ... | 2015 | 26357855 |
| the protein disulfide isomerase 1 of phytophthora parasitica (pppdi1) is associated with the haustoria-like structures and contributes to plant infection. | protein disulfide isomerase (pdi) is a ubiquitous and multifunction enzyme belonging to the thioredoxin (trx) superfamily, which can reduce, oxidize, and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. other than performing housekeeping functions in helping to maintain proteins in a more stable conformation, there is some evidence to indicate that pdi is involved in pathogen infection processes. in a high-throughput screening for necrosis-inducing factors by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated tra ... | 2015 | 26347756 |
| cloning and transformation analysis of isoflavone synthase gene into minshan trifolium pratense. | the aim of this study was to clone the isoflavone synthase (ifs) gene and establish the recombinant minshan trifolium pratense. the ifs gene was cloned from the callus of minshan t. pratense using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the plant expression vector pri101-an-ifs was constructed and introduced into agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404, and then screened under cephalosporin. ifs expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. the ifs gene wa ... | 2015 | 26345862 |
| the structural features of thousands of t-dna insertion sites are consistent with a double-strand break repair-based insertion mechanism. | transformation by agrobacterium tumefaciens, an important tool in modern plant research, involves the integration of t-dna initially present on a plasmid in agrobacteria into the genome of plant cells. the process of attachment of the agrobacteria to plant cells and the transport of t-dna into the cell and further to the nucleus has been well described. however, the exact mechanism of integration into the host's dna is still unclear, although several models have been proposed. during confirmatio ... | 2015 | 26343971 |
| 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline augmentation in scented indica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties through δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5cs) gene transformation. | 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap) has been identified as a principal aroma compound in scented rice varieties. δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (p5cs) gene is reported to regulate the proline synthesis in plants and acts as the precursor of 2ap. two scented indica rice varieties, namely ambemohar 157 and indrayani, were subjected to agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation containing p5cs gene. overexpression of p5cs led to a significant increase in proline, p5cs enzyme activity ... | 2015 | 26340891 |
| assessment of the function of sub6 in the pathogenic dermatophyte trichophyton mentagrophytes. | trichophyton mentagrophytes is a keratinophilic pathogenic fungus that infects both humans and animals. subtilisins are important for t. mentagrophytes virulence, particularly when invading the epidermal barrier of the host. subtilisin gene sub6 belongs to a seven-member gene family (sub1-sub7) encoding the subtilisin serine proteases. additionally, the sub6 gene product sub6, which is thought to be the major allergen tri r2 in trichophyton rubrum, elicits both immediate- and delayed-type hypers ... | 2016 | 26333355 |
| transgenic arabidopsis plants expressing tomato glutathione s-transferase showed enhanced resistance to salt and drought stress. | although glutathione s-transferases (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) are involved in response to abiotic stress, limited information is available regarding gene function in tomato. in this study, a gst gene from tomato, designated legstu2, was cloned and functionally characterized. expression profile analysis results showed that it was expressed in roots and flowers, and the transcription was induced by salt, osmotic, and heat stress. the gene was then introduced to arabidopsis by agrobacterium tumefaciens-me ... | 2015 | 26327625 |
| cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of a pair of novel virulence factors, sgha and sghr, from agrobacterium tumefaciens. | two proteins, sgha and sghr, which were recently identified and characterized as novel bacterial virulence factors regulating the infection of plant hosts by agrobacterium, were cloned, overexpressed and purified with high yield. both sgha and sghr form dimers in solution. the purified sgha and sghr were crystallized and the crystals diffracted to 1.9 and 2.1 å resolution, respectively. data were collected and processed, and the crystallographic parameters were within acceptable ranges. these re ... | 2015 | 26323299 |
| development of an agroinoculation system for full-length and gfp-tagged cdna clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. | the complete 6243-nucleotide sequence of a cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) isolate from bottle gourd in zhejiang province, china, was determined. a full-length cdna clone of this isolate was constructed by inserting the cdna between the 35s promoter and the ribozyme in the binary plasmid pcb301-ch. a suspension of an agrobacterium tumefaciens eha105 clone carrying this construct was highly infectious in nicotiana benthamiana and bottle gourd. another infectious clone containing the gr ... | 2015 | 26323263 |
| a rhizobium radiobacter histidine kinase can employ both boolean and and or logic gates to initiate pathogenesis. | the molecular logic gates that regulate gene circuits are necessarily intricate and highly regulated, particularly in the critical commitments necessary for pathogenesis. we now report simple and and or logic gates to be accessible within a single protein receptor. pathogenesis by the bacterium rhizobium radiobacter is mediated by a single histidine kinase, vira, which processes multiple small molecule host signals (phenol and sugar). mutagenesis analyses converged on a single signal integration ... | 2015 | 26310519 |
| roles of agrobacterium tumefaciens c58 znta and zntb and the transcriptional regulator zntr in controlling cd2+/zn2+/co2+ resistance and the peroxide stress response. | the putative zinc exporters znta (a p1b-type atpase) and zntb (2-tm-gxn family) in agrobacterium tumefaciens were characterized. the expression of the znta gene is inducible by cdcl2, zncl2 and cocl2, of which cdcl2 is the most potent inducer, whereas zntb is constitutively expressed. the metal-induced expression of znta is controlled by the merr-like regulator zntr. the znta and zntr mutants were highly sensitive to cdcl2 and zncl2, and cocl2 sensitivity was demonstrated to a lesser extent. by ... | 2015 | 26296876 |
| leaf proteome rebalancing in nicotiana benthamiana for upstream enrichment of a transiently expressed recombinant protein. | a key factor influencing the yield of biopharmaceuticals in plants is the ratio of recombinant to host proteins in crude extracts. postextraction procedures have been devised to enrich recombinant proteins before purification. here, we assessed the potential of methyl jasmonate (meja) as a generic trigger of recombinant protein enrichment in nicotiana benthamiana leaves before harvesting. previous studies have reported a significant rebalancing of the leaf proteome via the jasmonate signalling p ... | 2015 | 26286859 |