| the dual activity responsible for the elongation and branching of β-(1,3)-glucan in the fungal cell wall. | β-(1,3)-glucan, the major fungal cell wall component, ramifies through β-(1,6)-glycosidic linkages, which facilitates its binding with other cell wall components contributing to proper cell wall assembly. using saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we developed a protocol to quantify β-(1,6)-branching on β-(1,3)-glucan. permeabilized s. cerevisiae and radiolabeled substrate udp-((14)c)glucose allowed us to determine branching kinetics. a screening aimed at identifying deletion mutants with reduce ... | 2017 | 28634239 |
| in vivo biomarker analysis of the effects of intranasally dosed pc945, a novel antifungal triazole, on aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompromised mice. | pc945 is a novel triazole optimized for lung delivery, and the objective of this study is to determine the effects of intranasally dosed pc945 on aspergillus fumigatus infection and associated biomarkers in immunocompromised mice. pc945, posaconazole, or voriconazole was administered intranasally once daily on days 0 to 3 (early intervention) or days 1 to 3 (late intervention) postinfection in temporarily neutropenic a/j mice infected intranasally with a. fumigatus, and bronchoalveolar lavage fl ... | 2017 | 28630185 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial, antiquorum-sensing and antitumor activities of new benzimidazole analogs. | new benzimidazole analogs were prepared and tested for antimicrobial efficacy toward escherichia coli atcc 12435, bacillus cereus uw 85, staphylococcus aureus atcc 29213, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus 293. results indicated that compound 10 has potent and broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. in addition, 4b and 5c showed eminent antimicrobial efficacy toward b. cereus, s. aureus, c. albicans and a. fumigatus. furthermore, 12 and 14 demonstrated interesting antifungal activity towa ... | 2017 | 28623814 |
| effect of acute predation with bacteriophage on intermicrobial aggression by pseudomonas aeruginosa. | in persons with structural lung disease, particularly those with cystic fibrosis (cf), chronic airway infections cause progressive loss of lung function. cf airways can be colonized by a variety of microorganisms; the most frequently encountered bacterial and fungal pathogens are pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. co-infection with p. aeruginosa and a. fumigatus often results in a more rapid loss of lung function, indicating that interactions between these pathogens ... | 2017 | 28622385 |
| silencing of a second dimethylallyltryptophan synthase of penicillium roqueforti reveals a novel clavine alkaloid gene cluster. | penicillium roqueforti produces several prenylated indole alkaloids, including roquefortine c and clavine alkaloids. the first step in the biosynthesis of roquefortine c is the prenylation of tryptophan-derived dipeptides by a dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, specific for roquefortine biosynthesis (roquefortine prenyltransferase). a second dimethylallyltryptophan synthase, dmaw2, different from the roquefortine prenyltransferase, has been studied in this article. silencing the gene encoding thi ... | 2017 | 28620689 |
| abundance, genetic diversity and sensitivity to demethylation inhibitor fungicides of aspergillus fumigatus isolates from organic substrates with special emphasis on compost. | aspergillus fumigatus is a widespread fungus that colonizes dead organic substrates but it can also cause fatal human diseases. aspergilloses are treated with demethylation inhibitor (dmi) fungicides; however, resistant isolates appeared recently in the medical and also environmental area. the present study aims at molecular characterizing and quantifying a. fumigatus in major environmental habitats and determining its sensitivity to medical and agricultural dmi fungicides. | 2017 | 28618166 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus crza transcription factor activates chitin synthase gene expression during the caspofungin paradoxical effect. | aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis (ia), a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised humans. the echinocandin caspofungin, adopted as a second-line therapy in combating ia, is a β-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, which, when used in high concentrations, reverts the anticipated a. fumigatus growth inhibition, a phenomenon called the "caspofungin paradoxical effect" (cpe). the cpe has been widely associated with increased chitin content i ... | 2017 | 28611248 |
| chemoenzymatic synthesis, nanotization, and anti-aspergillus activity of optically enriched fluconazole analogues. | despite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods in antifungal research, aspergillosis still remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. one strategy to address this problem is to enhance the activity spectrum of known antifungals, and we now report the first successful application of candida antarctica lipase (cal) for the preparation of optically enriched fluconazole analogues. anti-aspergillus activity was observed for an optically enriched derivative, (-)-s-2-(2',4'-difl ... | 2017 | 28607028 |
| drug sensitivity and resistance mechanism in aspergillus section nigri strains from japan. | aspergillus niger and its related species, known as aspergillus section nigri, are ubiquitously distributed across the globe and are often isolated from clinical specimens. in japan, aspergillus section nigri is second most often isolated from clinical specimens following aspergillus fumigatus we determined the species of aspergillus section nigri isolated in japan by dna sequencing of partial β-tubulin genes and investigated drug susceptibility by the clsi m38-a2 method. the collection containe ... | 2017 | 28607016 |
| aspergillus fumigatus-induced early inflammatory response in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells: role of p38 mapk and inhibition by silibinin. | human invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is a serious infectious disease mainly caused by aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus). pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (pmvecs) are important ones in the human lung tissue. however, it remains unclear about the role of pmvecs in ipa. in the present study, we cocultured pmvecs with a. fumigatus. we observed that a. fumigatus induced dose- and time-dependent increases of interleukin 6 (il-6), interleukin 1β (il-1β) and intercellular adhesion m ... | 2017 | 28601021 |
| purine acquisition and synthesis by human fungal pathogens. | while members of the kingdom fungi are found across many of the world's most hostile environments, only a limited number of species can thrive within the human host. the causative agents of the most common invasive fungal infections are candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoformans. during the infection process, these fungi must not only combat the host immune system while adapting to dramatic changes in temperature and ph, but also acquire sufficient nutrients to enable g ... | 2017 | 28594372 |
| treatment of cyclosporin a retains host defense against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a non-immunosuppressive murine model by preserving the myeloid cell population. | cyclosporin a (csa) is widely used as an immunosuppressive agent for organ transplant recipients. csa inhibits calcineurin, which is highly conserved in mammals and fungi, and thus affects both types of organism. in mammals, the immunosuppressive effect of csa is via hampering t cell activation. in fungi, the growth inhibitory effect of csa is via interference with hyphal growth. the aim of this study was to determine whether csa renders mice susceptible to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) ... | 2017 | 28594271 |
| aspergillus fumigatus copper export machinery and reactive oxygen intermediate defense counter host copper-mediated oxidative antimicrobial offense. | | 2017 | 28591586 |
| in vitro activity of chlorogenic acid against aspergillus fumigatus biofilm and gliotoxin production. | aspergillus (a.) fumigatus, one of the most common causes of life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromised patients, shows resistance to antifungal agents as has a high propensity to forming a biofilm. the present study aimed to investigate the effects of chlorogenic acid (cra) on a. fumigatus biofilm formation and integrity. confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to determine the inhibitory effects of cra against a. fumigatus biofilm formation. transmission electron microsco ... | 2017 | 28587324 |
| cd4(+) t cells mediate aspergillosis vaccine protection. | adaptive effector cd4(+) t cells play essential roles in the defense against fungal infections, especially against invasive aspergillosis (ia). such protective cd4(+) t cells can be generated through immunization with specialized antifungal vaccines, as has been demonstrated for pulmonary aspergillus fumigatus infections in mouse experiments. adaptive transfer of fungal antigen-specific cd4(+) t cells conferred protection onto non-immunized naive mice, an experimental approach that could potenti ... | 2017 | 28584997 |
| precise and efficient in-frame integration of an exogenous gfp tag in aspergillus fumigatus by a crispr system. | as one of the most common airborne fungal pathogenic species, aspergillus fumigatus infection is the increasingly fatal threat to immunocompromised patients worldwide. setting up an efficient live-cell pathogen-labeling system will give insight into the dynamic process of the pathogen invasion in host, which offers us opportunities to explore the pathogenesis of a. fumigatus. in this chapter, we have described an efficient crispr-cas9 system, which enables a precise in situ tag-insertion of an e ... | 2017 | 28584995 |
| post-tuberculosis mycetoma: bronchoscopic removal. | a 76-year-old male non-smoker presented to our institution with cough and haemoptysis. he had been treated for cavitatory pulmonary mycobacterium tuberculosis of the right upper lobe 10 years previously. chest radiograph and subsequent computed tomography (ct) of the chest demonstrated a right upper cavity containing a mass suspicious for mycetoma. flexible bronchoscopy under conscious sedation demonstrated a mass obstructing the anterior segment of the right upper lobe. the abnormality was subs ... | 2017 | 28580148 |
| fungal community and cellulose-degrading genes in the composting process of chinese medicinal herbal residues. | the fungal community and the population of 16s rrna, 18s rrna and cellulose-degrading genes during the 30-day composting process of chinese medicinal herbal residues were investigated using illumina miseq and quantitative real-time pcr. an obvious succession of fungal communities occurred during the composting process. unidentified fungi predominated in the raw materials. as composting progressed, ascomycota became the most dominant phylum, with aspergillus being the most dominant genus, and asp ... | 2017 | 28578278 |
| isolation of azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus from the environment in the south-eastern usa. | azole resistance in isolates of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus has been associated with agricultural use of azole fungicides. environmental isolation of resistant isolates has been reported in asia, africa, europe and south america. | 2017 | 28575384 |
| youngest case of allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis in india: a case report from arid zone of india. | allergic broncho pulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is an immunological allergic disorder and asthmatic patients are predisposed to abpa. although, abpa commonly develops in the third and fourth decades but no age group is unaffected from the disease. youngest case of abpa in india so far reported was four years of age. this case report is about a young child of bronchial asthma with abpa aged four years and nine days only, from arid zone of country. her diagnosis of abpa was supported by clinical, ... | 2017 | 28571192 |
| azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus containing a 34-bp tandem repeat in cyp51a promoter is isolated from the environment in japan. | azole-resistant strains of aspergillus fumigatus containing a tandem repeat in the cyp51a promoter and amino acid substitution(s) have been isolated in the environment worldwide; however, this type of resistant strain had never been isolated from the environment in japan. our previous study indicated that an azole-resistant a. fumigatus strain okh50 containing a 34-bp tandem repeat in cyp51a promoter with l98h substitution in cyp51a was isolated from a patient in obihiro of hokkaido, japan. in t ... | 2017 | 28566661 |
| caspofungin increases fungal chitin and eosinophil and γδ t cell-dependent pathology in invasive aspergillosis. | the polysaccharide-rich fungal cell wall provides pathogen-specific targets for antifungal therapy and distinct molecular patterns that stimulate protective or detrimental host immunity. the echinocandin antifungal caspofungin inhibits synthesis of cell wall β-1,3-glucan and is used for prophylactic therapy in immune-suppressed individuals. however, breakthrough infections with fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus are associated with caspofungin prophylaxis. in this study, we report in vitro an ... | 2017 | 28566368 |
| rodent models of invasive aspergillosis due to aspergillus fumigatus: still a long path toward standardization. | invasive aspergillosis has been studied in laboratory by the means of plethora of distinct animal models. they were developed to address pathophysiology, therapy, diagnosis, or miscellaneous other concerns associated. however, there are great discrepancies regarding all the experimental variables of animal models, and a thorough focus on them is needed. this systematic review completed a comprehensive bibliographic analysis specifically-based on the technical features of rodent models infected w ... | 2017 | 28559881 |
| real-time visualization of immune cell clearance of aspergillus fumigatus spores and hyphae. | invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a disease of the immunocompromised host and generally caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. while both host and fungal factors contribute to disease severity and outcome, there are fundamental features of ia development including fungal morphological transition from infectious conidia to tissue-penetrating hyphae as well as host defenses rooted in mechanisms of innate phagocyte function. here we address recent advances in the field and ... | 2017 | 28559109 |
| profile and functional analysis of small rnas derived from aspergillus fumigatus infected with double-stranded rna mycoviruses. | mycoviruses are viruses that naturally infect and replicate in fungi. aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic pathogen causing fungal lung diseases in humans and animals, was recently shown to harbour several different types of mycoviruses. a well-characterised defence against virus infection is rna silencing. the a. fumigatus genome encodes essential components of the rna silencing machinery, including dicer, argonaute and rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) homologues. active silencing of doub ... | 2017 | 28558690 |
| successful antifungal combination therapy and surgical approach for aspergillus fumigatus suppurative thyroiditis associated with thyrotoxicosis and review of published reports. | in immunocompromised patients, aspergillus infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality. we describe a patient with cryoglobulinemic vasculitis who developed disseminated invasive aspergillosis with thyrotoxicosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus. the diagnosis was based upon radiological, microbiological and pathological findings. the patient was treated successfully with voriconazole and caspofungin treatment followed by total thyroidectomy. we provide an overview of published rep ... | 2017 | 28555254 |
| lung eosinophil recruitment in response to aspergillus fumigatus is correlated with fungal cell wall composition and requires γδ t cells. | the differential recognition of fungal cell wall polysaccharides that program innate and adaptive immunity to the human opportunistic fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus has been a focus of considerable interest. in a mouse model of fungal conidia aspiration, decreased relative levels of cell wall core carbohydrates β-1,3-glucan to chitin in a. fumigatus isolates and mutant strains were correlated with increased airway eosinophil recruitment. in addition, an increase in fungal surface chitin e ... | 2017 | 28552410 |
| inhibition of b cell receptor signaling by ibrutinib in primary cns lymphoma. | primary cns lymphoma (pcnsl) harbors mutations that reinforce b cell receptor (bcr) signaling. ibrutinib, a bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk) inhibitor, targets bcr signaling and is particularly active in lymphomas with mutations altering the bcr subunit cd79b and myd88. we performed a proof-of-concept phase ib study of ibrutinib monotherapy followed by ibrutinib plus chemotherapy (da-teddi-r). in 18 pcnsl patients, 94% showed tumor reductions with ibrutinib alone, including patients having pcnsl w ... | 2017 | 28552327 |
| biodiversity of species of aspergillus section fumigati in semi-desert soils in argentina. | the distribution of aspergillus species in soil has been widely studied all over the world. the aim of this study was the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of species aspergillus belonging to section fumigati present in soils from two argentinian semi-desert areas having different geological conditions. altogether, 23 isolates belonging to aspergillus section fumigati were recovered and identified using a polyphasic approach including phenotypic and molecular identifications. aspergillus ... | 2017 | 28551307 |
| chronic paracoccidioidmycosis in a woman with crohn disease. | we report a rare case of chronic paracoccidioidomycosis(pcm) in a woman with crohn disease in the setting of treatment with azathioprine and mesalazine. serum tests for antigens to paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum, and aspergillus fumigatus were negative. an incisional biopsy of an oral lesion with periodic acid-schiff and grocott-methenamine silver stains revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells with paracoccidioides brasiliensis within th ... | 2017 | 28541872 |
| lipoxygenase activity accelerates programmed spore germination in aspergillus fumigatus. | the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus initiates invasive growth through a programmed germination process that progresses from dormant spore to swollen spore (ss) to germling (gl) and ultimately invasive hyphal growth. we find a lipoxygenase with considerable homology to human alox5 and alox15, loxb, that impacts the transitions of programmed spore germination. overexpression of loxb (oe::loxb) increases germination with rapid advance to the gl stage. however, deletion of loxb (δ ... | 2017 | 28536571 |
| nosocomial legionellosis and invasive aspergillosis in a child with t-lymphoblastic leukemia. | invasive aspergillosis of the lungs and the central nervous system and legionella pneumophilia serotype 1 infection of the lungs were diagnosed in a 22-month old child during inpatient induction treatment for t-lymphoblastic leukemia. environmental investigations i.e. samples from the hospital water system did not reveal any legionella. the patient may have been exposed to waterborne pathogens despite terminal water filtration due to a technical device to release residual tap water from the hose ... | 2017 | 28529020 |
| molecular characterization of aspergillus fumigatus tcsc, a characteristic type iii hybrid histidine kinase of filamentous fungi harboring six hamp domains. | the type iii hybrid histidine kinase (hhk) tcsc enables the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus to thrive under hyperosmotic conditions. it is, moreover, of particular interest, since it is the target of certain antifungal agents, such as fludioxonil. this study was aimed at a functional characterization of the domains that constitute the sensing and the kinase module of tcsc. the sensing module consists of six hamp domains, an architecture that is commonly found in type iii hhks of filamentou ... | 2017 | 28527583 |
| increasing total serum ige, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, and lung function in cystic fibrosis. | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a hypersensitivity disorder contributing to lung disease in cystic fibrosis (cf) and challenging to diagnose. | 2017 | 28526275 |
| gliotoxin biosynthesis: structure, mechanism, and metal promiscuity of carboxypeptidase glij. | the formation of glutathione (gsh) conjugates, best known from the detoxification of xenobiotics, is a widespread strategy to incorporate sulfur into biomolecules. the biosynthesis of gliotoxin, a virulence factor of the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus, involves attachment of two gsh molecules and their sequential decomposition to yield two reactive thiol groups. the degradation of the gsh moieties requires the activity of the cys-gly carboxypeptidase glij, for which we describe th ... | 2017 | 28525266 |
| functional characterization of the copper transcription factor afmac1 from aspergillus fumigatus. | although copper functions as a cofactor in many physiological processes, copper overload leads to harmful effects in living cells. thus, copper homeostasis is tightly regulated. however, detailed copper metabolic pathways have not yet been identified in filamentous fungi. in this report, we investigated the copper transcription factor afmac1 ( aspergillus fumigatusmac1 homolog) and identified its regulatory mechanism in a. fumigatus afmac1 has domains homologous to the dna-binding and copper-bin ... | 2017 | 28515264 |
| culture-based methods and molecular tools for azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus detection in a belgian university hospital. | azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus is an increasing worldwide problem with major clinical implications. surveillance is warranted to guide clinicians to provide optimal treatment to patients. to investigate azole resistance in clinical aspergillus isolates in our institution, a belgian university hospital, we conducted a laboratory-based surveillance between june 2015 and october 2016. two different approaches were used: a prospective culture-based surveillance using vipcheck on unselected a. ... | 2017 | 28515220 |
| analytical and clinical evaluation of the pathonostics aspergenius assay for detection of invasive aspergillosis and resistance to azole antifungal drugs directly from plasma samples. | with the proposal to include aspergillus pcr in the revised european organization for research and treatment of cancer/invasive fungal infections cooperative group and national institute of allergy and infectious diseases mycoses study group (eortc/msg) definitions for fungal disease, commercially manufactured assays may be required to provide standardization and accessibility. the pathonostics aspergenius assay represents one such test that has the ability to detect a range of aspergillus speci ... | 2017 | 28515217 |
| aspergillus fumigatus in cystic fibrosis: an update on immune interactions and molecular diagnostics in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. | a wide spectrum of pathological conditions may result from the interaction of aspergillus fumigatus and the immune system of its human host. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is one of the most severe a. fumigatus-related diseases due to possible evolution toward pleuropulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis occurs almost exclusively in cystic fibrosis or asthmatic patients. an estimated 8%-10% of patients with cystic fibrosis experience this con ... | 2017 | 28513848 |
| scedosporium apiospermum complex in cystic fibrosis; should we treat? | species of the scedosporium apiospermum complex are the second most frequent filamentous fungi after aspergillus fumigatus that can be found in cystic fibrosis (cf). mixed colonisation by s. apiospermum complex and a. fumigatus is also quite common. in this study we summarise all cf patients who were colonised by s. apiospermum complex during their childhood and we present two cf patients who were treated as fungal bronchitis due to s. apiospermum complex. the medical records of 400 cf patients ... | 2017 | 28504471 |
| free chlorine and monochloramine inactivation kinetics of aspergillus and penicillium in drinking water. | fungi are near-ubiquitous in potable water distribution systems, but the disinfection kinetics of commonly identified fungi are poorly studied. in the present study, laboratory scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the inactivation kinetics of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, and penicillium purpurogenum by free chlorine and monochloramine. the observed inactivation data were then fit to a delayed chick-watson model. based on the model parameter estimation, the ct values (in ... | 2017 | 28501787 |
| azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus in sawmills of eastern france. | emergence of azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus complicates management of aspergillus diseases. currently, selection pressure caused by azole fungicide use in farming is strongly suspected of creating resistance. as sawmills also use azole fungicides, we investigated the presence of azole-resistant strains in this environment and studied the relationship between azole fungicide use and development of resistance. | 2017 | 28497646 |
| sinonasal aspergillosis in a british shorthair cat in the uk. | case summary a 13-year-old, castrated male, british shorthair cat presented for investigation of chronic, intermittent, bilateral epistaxis and stertor. ct revealed severe asymmetric bilateral intranasal involvement with extensive turbinate lysis, increased soft tissue attenuation and lysis of the sphenopalatine bone and cribriform plate. on retroflexed pharyngoscopy, a plaque-like mass occluded the choanae. rostral rhinoscopic examination revealed extensive loss of nasal turbinates, necrotic ti ... | 2017 | 28491427 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus farnesyltransferase β-subunit, rama, mediates growth, virulence, and antifungal susceptibility. | post-translational prenylation mechanisms, including farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, mediate both subcellular localization and protein-protein interaction in eukaryotes. the prenyltransferase complex is an αβ heterodimer in which the essential α-subunit is common to both the farnesyltransferase and the geranylgeranyltransferase type-i enzymes. the β-subunit is unique to each enzyme. farnesyltransferase activity is an important mediator of protein localization and subsequent signaling for ... | 2017 | 28489963 |
| temperature during conidiation affects stress tolerance, pigmentation, and trypacidin accumulation in the conidia of the airborne pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. | asexual spores (conidia) are reproductive structures that play a crucial role in fungal distribution and survival. as fungal conidia are, in most cases, etiological agents of plant diseases and fungal lung disease, their stress resistance and interaction with their hosts have drawn increasing attention. in the present study, we investigated whether environmental temperature during conidiation affects the stress tolerance of the conidia of the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. conidi ... | 2017 | 28486558 |
| role of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 expression in mammalian target of rapamycin modulation of cd8(+) t-cell differentiation during the immune response to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-1 (trem-1) may play a vital role in mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) modulation of cd8+ t-cell differentiation through the transcription factors t-box expressed in t-cells and eomesodermin during the immune response to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa). this study aimed to investigate whether the mtor signaling pathway modulates the proliferation and differentiation of cd8+ t-cells during the immune response to ipa and the role trem-1 plays ... | 2017 | 28485322 |
| does agricultural use of azole fungicides contribute to resistance in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus? | azole resistance in human fungal pathogens has increased over the past twenty years, especially in immunocompromised patients. similarities between medical and agricultural azoles, and extensive azole (14α-demethylase inhibitor, dmi) use in crop protection, prompted speculation that resistance in patients with aspergillosis originated in the environment. aspergillus species, and especially aspergillus fumigatus, are the largest cause of patient deaths from fungi. azole levels in soils following ... | 2017 | 28485100 |
| efficient dark fermentative hydrogen production from enzyme hydrolyzed rice straw by clostridium pasteurianum (mtcc116). | in the present work, production of hydrogen via dark fermentation has been carried out using the hydrolyzed rice straw and clostridium pasteurianum (mtcc116). the hydrolysis reaction of 1.0% alkali pretreated rice straw was performed at 70°c and 10% substrate loading via fe3o4/alginate nanocomposite (fe3o4/alginate ncs) treated thermostable crude cellulase enzyme following the previously established method. it is noticed that under the optimized conditions, at 70°c the fe3o4/alginate ncs treated ... | 2017 | 28477517 |
| biosynthesis of the pharmaceutically important fungal ergot alkaloid dihydrolysergic acid requires a specialized allele of cloa. | ergot alkaloids are specialized fungal metabolites that are important as the bases of several pharmaceuticals. many ergot alkaloids are derivatives of lysergic acid (la) and have vasoconstrictive activity, whereas several dihydrolysergic acid (dhla) derivatives are vasorelaxant. the pathway to la is established, with the p450 monooxygenase cloa playing a key role in oxidizing its substrate agroclavine to la. we analyzed the activities of products of cloa alleles from different fungi relative to ... | 2017 | 28476772 |
| the quinoline bromoquinol exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in aspergillus fumigatus. | over the last 30 years, the number of invasive fungal infections among immunosuppressed patients has increased significantly, while the number of effective systemic antifungal drugs remains low. the aim of this study was to identify and characterize antifungal compounds that inhibit fungus-specific metabolic pathways not conserved in humans. | 2017 | 28475687 |
| aspergillus fumigatus empyema in heart transplant recipients. | | 2017 | 28473264 |
| haploinsufficiency of nadph oxidase subunit neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 is sufficient to accelerate full-blown lupus in nzm 2328 mice. | we have previously established that the gene for neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 (ncf-2) predisposes to lupus, and we have identified lupus patients with point mutations that are predicted to cause reduced nadph oxidase activity. we undertook this study to investigate the relationship between reduced leukocyte nadph oxidase activity and immune dysregulation associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). | 2017 | 28471497 |
| allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a pulmonary disorder that often occurs in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis (cf) and is characterized by a hypersensitivity response to the allergens of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus. in patients with cf, growth of a. fumigatus hyphae within the bronchial lumen triggers an immunoglobulin e (ige)-mediated hypersensitivity response that results in airway inflammation, bronchospasm, and bronchiectasis. in most published studies, the prevale ... | 2017 | 28469716 |
| co-culturing of fungal strains against botrytis cinerea as a model for the induction of chemical diversity and therapeutic agents. | new fungal sms (sms) have been successfully described to be produced by means of in vitro-simulated microbial community interactions. co-culturing of fungi has proved to be an efficient way to induce cell-cell interactions that can promote the activation of cryptic pathways, frequently silent when the strains are grown in laboratory conditions. filamentous fungi represent one of the most diverse microbial groups known to produce bioactive natural products. triggering the production of novel anti ... | 2017 | 28469610 |
| aspergillus fumigatus copper export machinery and reactive oxygen intermediate defense counter host copper-mediated oxidative antimicrobial offense. | the fenton-chemistry-generating properties of copper ions are considered a potent phagolysosome defense against pathogenic microbes, yet our understanding of underlying host/microbe dynamics remains unclear. we address this issue in invasive aspergillosis and demonstrate that host and fungal responses inextricably connect copper and reactive oxygen intermediate (roi) mechanisms. loss of the copper-binding transcription factor acea yields an aspergillus fumigatus strain displaying increased sensi ... | 2017 | 28467895 |
| crystal structure of the new investigational drug candidate vt-1598 in complex with aspergillus fumigatus sterol 14α-demethylase provides insights into its broad-spectrum antifungal activity. | within the past few decades, the incidence and complexity of human fungal infections have increased, and therefore, the need for safer and more efficient, broad-spectrum antifungal agents is high. in the study described here, we characterized the new tetrazole-based drug candidate vt-1598 as an inhibitor of sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51b) from the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus vt-1598 displayed a high affinity of binding to the enzyme in solution (dissociation constant, 13 ± 1 nm) and ... | 2017 | 28461309 |
| evaluating the use of pcr for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. | aspergillus species, primarily aspergillus fumigatus, are still the most emerging fungal pathogens. within recent years, novel molecular methods have been developed to improve the diagnosis of life-threatening invasive aspergillosis in high risk patients. especially patients with malignant hematological diseases undergoing intensive chemotherapy are at risk and mortality rates are exceptionally high, in part due to difficulties and delays in establishing a microbiologic diagnosis. early diagnosi ... | 2017 | 28460550 |
| role of histamine-releasing factor in allergic inflammatory reactions. | mast cells are effector cells in immunoglobulin e (ige)-mediated immediate hypersensitivity and allergic diseases such as asthma and food allergy. mast cells are activated by the aggregation of the ige-bound high-affinity ige receptor fcεri with multivalent antigen. activated mast cells secrete proinflammatory mediators such as histamine, serotonin, and proteases and produce cytokines and chemokines. however, it has been reported that mast cells are activated by crosslinking of fcεri with monome ... | 2017 | 28458281 |
| modulatory role of regulatory t cells in a murine model of severe equine asthma. | it is accepted that t regulatory cells (treg) control different types of immune responses. in connection with this role, we have recently described an important increase in cd4+, cd25(high), foxp3+ lymphocytes in the airway system of horses coursing with an exacerbation of severe equine asthma (ea). to explore the potential role of this population in the resolution of ea inflammation, we used a murine experimental model in which airway neutrophilic inflammation, which is similar to that observed ... | 2017 | 28454585 |
| rtfa controls development, secondary metabolism, and virulence in aspergillus fumigatus. | invasive aspergillosis by aspergillus fumigatus is a leading cause of infection-related mortality in immune-compromised patients. in order to discover potential genetic targets to control a. fumigatus infections we characterized rtfa, a gene encoding a putative rna polymerase ii transcription elongation factor-like protein. our recent work has shown that the rtfa ortholog in the model fungus aspergillus nidulans regulates morphogenesis and secondary metabolism. the present study on the opportuni ... | 2017 | 28453536 |
| live imaging of antifungal activity by human primary neutrophils and monocytes in response to a. fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic fungal pathogen causing invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts with a high case-fatality rate. research investigating immunological responses against a. fumigatus has been limited by the lack of consistent and reliable assays for measuring the antifungal activity of specific immune cells in vitro. a new method is described to assess the antifungal activity of primary monocytes and neutrophils from human donors against a. fumigatus using fluoresce ... | 2017 | 28448018 |
| [environmental health relevance of airborne microorganisms in ambient and indoor air]. | airborne microorganisms occur ubiquitously in the ambient air. besides allergic and irritative-toxic effects, they can cause infections after inhalation. occupational studies have shown that an increased incidence of respiratory diseases is found in adequately exposed workers. in addition to respiratory diseases, severe systemic infections can also occur in particular cases, such as in the case of a hantavirus infection that is recognized as an occupational disease. in studies from environmental ... | 2017 | 28447136 |
| invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case report and review of the literature. | invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is an infection that often occurs in immunocompromised patients and has a high mortality rate. in recent years, the reported incidence of ipa in the context of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) has seemingly increased. the combination of factors such as long-term corticosteroid use, increasing rate of bacterial exacerbations over time, lung immune imbalance, and malnutrition are responsible for the emergence of ipa in copd patients. a diagnosis o ... | 2017 | 28445159 |
| aspergillus fumigatus trehalose-regulatory subunit homolog moonlights to mediate cell wall homeostasis through modulation of chitin synthase activity. | trehalose biosynthesis is found in fungi but not humans. proteins involved in trehalose biosynthesis are essential for fungal pathogen virulence in humans and plants through multiple mechanisms. loss of canonical trehalose biosynthesis genes in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus significantly alters cell wall structure and integrity, though the mechanistic link between these virulence-associated pathways remains enigmatic. here we characterize genes, called tsla and tslb, which encode prot ... | 2017 | 28442603 |
| pu.1 serves a critical role in the innate defense against aspergillus fumigatus via dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin receptor-1 and toll-like receptors-2 and 4 in thp-1-derived macrophages. | aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) is one of the most common fungal pathogens of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa), which may be life threatening in immunocompromised individuals. the dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin receptor (dectin-1), toll‑like receptor (tlr)-2 and tlr-4 are major pattern recognition receptors in alveolar macrophages that recognize a. fumigatus components. the pu.1 transcription factor is known to be important for the transcriptional control of these three recep ... | 2017 | 28440496 |
| microbiology of the upper and lower airways in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients. | objective to evaluate the microbiology of the upper and lower airways in pediatric cystic fibrosis (cf) patients who underwent sinus surgery. study design retrospective case series with chart review. setting tertiary care children's hospital. subjects and methods a total of 201 paired sinus and pulmonary cultures from 105 cf patients were identified between 1996 and 2014. demographics and culture results were analyzed. results the mean age of patients was 11.2 ± 5.4 years (range, 1-27 years), an ... | 2017 | 28440108 |
| co-colonisation with aspergillus fumigatus and pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with poorer health in cystic fibrosis patients: an irish registry analysis. | pulmonary infection is the main cause of death in cystic fibrosis (cf). aspergillus fumigatus (af) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) are the most prevalent fungal and bacterial pathogens isolated from the cf airway, respectively. our aim was to determine the effect of different colonisation profiles of af and pa on the clinical status of patients with cf. | 2017 | 28431569 |
| characterization of the rax1 gene encoding a putative regulator of g protein signaling in aspergillus fumigatus. | the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus is the major cause of life threatening invasive aspergillosis, and its small hydrophobic asexual spores (conidia) are the major infection agent. to better understand biology of a. fumigatus, we have characterized the rax1 gene encoding a putative regulator of g protein signaling (rgs). the deletion (δ) of rax1 results in restricted colony growth and highly reduced number of conidia in a. fumigatus. transcript levels of the three central activators of ... | 2017 | 28427940 |
| filamentous fungal carbon catabolite repression supports metabolic plasticity and stress responses essential for disease progression. | aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a disproportionate number of invasive mycosis cases relative to other common filamentous fungi. while many fungal factors critical for infection establishment are known, genes essential for disease persistence and progression are ill defined. we propose that fungal factors that promote navigation of the rapidly changing nutrient and structural landscape characteristic of disease progression represent untapped clinically relevant therapeutic targets. to th ... | 2017 | 28423062 |
| in vivo efficacy of liposomal amphotericin b against wild-type and azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus isolates in two different immunosuppression models of invasive aspergillosis. | using an immunocompetent murine model of invasive aspergillosis (ia), we previously reported that the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) (ambisome) is not hampered by the presence of azole resistance mutations in aspergillus fumigatus (s. seyedmousavi, w. j. g. melchers, j. w. mouton, and p. e. verweij, antimicrob agents chemother 57:1866-1871, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.02226-12). we here investigated the role of immune suppression, i.e., neutropenia and steroid treatment, in l ... | 2017 | 28416540 |
| insights from the genome of a high alkaline cellulase producing aspergillus fumigatus strain obtained from peruvian amazon rainforest. | here, we report the complete genome sequence of a high alkaline cellulase producing aspergillus fumigatus strain lmb-35aa isolated from soil of peruvian amazon rainforest. the genome is ∼27.5mb in size, comprises of 228 scaffolds with an average gc content of 50%, and is predicted to contain a total of 8660 protein-coding genes. of which, 6156 are with known function; it codes for 607 putative cazymes families potentially involved in carbohydrate metabolism. several important cellulose degrading ... | 2017 | 28412514 |
| successful treatment of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in a bottlenose dolphin with high-dose posaconazole. | invasive aspergillosis due to azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus is difficult to manage. we describe a case of azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis in a female bottlenose dolphin, who failed to respond to voriconazole and posaconazole therapy. as intravenous therapy was precluded, high dose posaconazole was initiated aimed at achieving trough levels exceeding 3 mg/l. posaconazole serum levels of 3-9.5 mg/l were achieved without significant side-effects. follow-up bronchoscopy and computed t ... | 2017 | 28409094 |
| antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide. | brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. however, studies on the antimicrobial activity of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin have not been found yet. this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of b. uniflora flower oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. oleoresin from the plant dried flowers was obtained by carbon dioxide, and the chemical composition ... | 2017 | 28407186 |
| [the clinical characteristics of 17 cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia]. | objective: to review the clinical data of cases of primary ciliary dyskinesia (pcd), and to explore the clinical characteristics for the understanding of pcd. methods: we retrospectively summarized 17 patients with pcd diagnosed in peking union medical college hospital from jan 2009 to dec 2014. there were 7 male and 10 female patients, with the age from 6 to 57 years at the time of diagnosis. the mean onset age of the disease was 11.7±2.1 years, and the mean age at diagnosis was 29.5±3.5 years. ... | 2017 | 28395407 |
| pseudomembranous tracheitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus in the setting of high grade t-cell lymphoma. | pseudomembranous tracheitis (pmt) is a rare condition most commonly caused by fungal or bacterial infection that is characterized by a pseudomembrane that partially or completely covers the tracheobronchial tree. pmt is most commonly found in immunocompromised patient populations, such as post-chemotherapy, aids, post-transplant and hematological malignancies. due to its rarity, pmt is often not included in the differential diagnosis. this case describes a 65 year old male with persistent fever ... | 2017 | 28393004 |
| influenza-associated aspergillosis in critically ill patients. | | 2017 | 28387526 |
| comparative evaluation of sensititre yeastone and clsi m38-a2 reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing of aspergillus spp. against echinocandins. | sensititre yeastone (yo) panels were assessed for in vitro susceptibility testing of echinocandins against 39 isolates of aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, and a. terreus, including two echinocandin-resistant a. fumigatus strains, using different inocula (10(3), 10(4), and 10(5) cfu/ml), incubation times (16 to 48 h), and endpoints (first blue or purple well) and compared to clsi m38-a2. the best agreement was found with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/ml, incubation times of 20 h for a. flavus and of ... | 2017 | 28330883 |
| suspected allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis cases in adult bronchial asthma patients attending a tertiary care clinic. | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a hypersensitivity reaction to aspergillus species (generally aspergillus fumigatus) that occurs almost exclusively in patients with asthma or, less commonly, cystic fibrosis. immune responses to aspergillus antigens cause airway obstruction and, if untreated, bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis. our objective was to define the clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings of suspected abpa cases among a cohort of egyptian pati ... | 2016 | 28502150 |
| antifungal activity of terrestrial streptomyces rochei strain hf391 against clinical azole -resistant aspergillus fumigatus. | actinomycetes have been discovered as source of antifungal compounds that are currently in clinical use. invasive aspergillosis (ia) due to aspergillus fumigatus has been identified as individual drug-resistant aspergillus spp. to be an emerging pathogen opportunities a global scale. this paper described the antifungal activity of one terrestrial actinomycete against the clinically isolated azole-resistant a. fumigatus. | 2015 | 28680984 |
| meningeal aspergillosis (a case report). | | 1997 | 28769524 |