| control of compound leaf development by floricaula/leafy ortholog single leaflet1 in medicago truncatula. | molecular genetic studies suggest that floricaula (flo)/leafy (lfy) orthologs function to control compound leaf development in some legume species. however, loss-of-function mutations in the flo/lfy orthologs result in reduction of leaf complexity to different degrees in pisum sativum and lotus japonicus. to further understand the role of flo/lfy orthologs in compound leaf development in legumes, we studied compound leaf developmental processes and characterized a leaf development mutant, single ... | 2008 | 18287485 |
| osphr2 is involved in phosphate-starvation signaling and excessive phosphate accumulation in shoots of plants. | previous research has demonstrated that atphr1 plays a central role in phosphate (pi)-starvation signaling in arabidopsis thaliana. in this work, two osphr genes from rice (oryza sativa) were isolated and designated as osphr1 and osphr2 based on amino acid sequence homology to atphr1. their functions in pi signaling in rice were investigated using transgenic plants. our results showed that both osphr1 and osphr2 are involved in pi-starvation signaling pathway by regulation of the expression of p ... | 2008 | 18263782 |
| the transcription factor mtserf1 of the erf subfamily identified by transcriptional profiling is required for somatic embryogenesis induced by auxin plus cytokinin in medicago truncatula. | transcriptional profiling of embryogenic callus produced from medicago truncatula mesophyll protoplasts indicated up-regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene response genes. using inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis and perception, it was shown that ethylene was necessary for somatic embryogenesis (se) in this model legume. we chose several genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response for subsequent molecular analyses. one of these genes is a gene encoding a transcription factor ... | 2008 | 18235037 |
| metabolic and developmental adaptations of growing potato tubers in response to specific manipulations of the adenylate energy status. | heterotrophic carbon metabolism has been demonstrated to be limited by oxygen availability in a variety of plant tissues, which in turn inevitably affects the adenylate status. to study the effect of altering adenylate energy metabolism, without changing the oxygen supply, we expressed a plastidially targeted atp/adp hydrolyzing phosphatase (apyrase) in tubers of growing potato (solanum tuberosum) plants under the control of either inducible or constitutive promoters. inducible apyrase expressio ... | 2008 | 18305207 |
| application of dna hybridization biosensor as a screening method for the detection of genetically modified food components. | an electrochemical biosensor for the detection of genetically modified food components is presented. the biosensor was based on 21-mer single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssdna probe) specific to either 35s promoter or nos terminator, which are frequently present in transgenic dna cassettes. ssdna probe was covalently attached by 5'-phosphate end to amino group of cysteamine self-assembled monolayer (sam) on gold electrode surface with the use of activating reagents - water soluble 1-ethyl-3(3'- di ... | 2008 | 27879813 |
| plant adaptation to fluctuating environment and biomass production are strongly dependent on guard cell potassium channels. | at least four genes encoding plasma membrane inward k+ channels (k(in) channels) are expressed in arabidopsis guard cells. a double mutant plant was engineered by disruption of a major k(in) channel gene and expression of a dominant negative channel construct. using the patch-clamp technique revealed that this mutant was totally deprived of guard cell k(in) channel (gck(in)) activity, providing a model to investigate the roles of this activity in the plant. gck(in) activity was found to be an es ... | 2008 | 18367672 |
| highly specific gene silencing by artificial mirnas in rice. | endogenous micrornas (mirnas) are potent negative regulators of gene expression in plants and animals. artificial mirnas (amirnas)-designed to target one or several genes of interest-provide a new and highly specific approach for effective post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs) in plants. | 2008 | 18350165 |
| dicer-like2 plays a primary role in transitive silencing of transgenes in arabidopsis. | dicer-like (dcl) enzymes play a pivotal role in rna silencing in plants, processing the long double-stranded rna (dsrna) that triggers silencing into the primary short interfering rnas (sirnas) that mediate it. the sirna population can be augmented and silencing amplified via transitivity, an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdr)-dependent pathway that uses the target rna as substrate to generate secondary sirnas. here we report that arabidopsis dcl2-but not dcl4-is required for transitivity in cel ... | 2008 | 18335032 |
| integration of light and abscisic acid signaling during seed germination and early seedling development. | seed germination is regulated by endogenous hormonal cues and external environmental stimuli such as water, low temperature, and light. after germination, the young seedling must rapidly establish its root system and the photoautotrophic capability appropriate to its surrounding environment. light and the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) both regulate seed germination and seedling development, although how light and aba signals are integrated at the molecular level is not understood. here, we fo ... | 2008 | 18332440 |
| glycosyltransferase efficiently controls phenylpropanoid pathway. | in a previous study, anthocyanin levels in potato plants were increased by manipulating genes connected with the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. however, starch content and tuber yield were dramatically reduced in the transgenic plants, which over-expressed dihydroflavonol reductase (dfr). | 2008 | 18321380 |
| arabidopsis r2r3-myb transcription factor atmyb60 functions as a transcriptional repressor of anthocyanin biosynthesis in lettuce (lactuca sativa). | the myb transcription factors play important roles in the regulation of many secondary metabolites at the transcriptional level. we evaluated the possible roles of the arabidopsis r2r3-myb transcription factors in flavonoid biosynthesis because they are induced by uv-b irradiation but their associated phenotypes are largely unexplored. we isolated their genes by race-pcr, and performed transgenic approach and metabolite analyses in lettuce (lactuca sativa). we found that one member of this prote ... | 2008 | 18317777 |
| rnai-mediated suppression of p-coumaroyl-coa 3'-hydroxylase in hybrid poplar impacts lignin deposition and soluble secondary metabolism. | p-coumaroyl-coa 3'-hydroxylase (c3'h) is a cytochrome p450-dependent monooxygenase that catalyzes the 3'-hydroxylation of p-coumaroyl shikimate and p-coumaroyl quinate. we used rna interference to generate transgenic hybrid poplar suppressed in c3'h expression and analyzed them with respect to transcript abundance, cell wall structure and chemical composition, and soluble metabolite levels. rt-pcr expression profiles confirmed the down-regulation of c3'h in a number of lines, which generally cor ... | 2008 | 18316744 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana type i isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases are targeted to multiple subcellular compartments and have overlapping functions in isoprenoid biosynthesis. | to form the building blocks of isoprenoids, isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) isomerase activity, which converts ipp to dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp), appears to be necessary in cytosol, plastids, and mitochondria. arabidopsis thaliana contains only two ipp isomerases (isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase1 [idi1] and idi2). both encode proteins with n-terminal extensions similar to transit peptides and are expressed in all organs, with idi1 less abundant than idi2. examination of enhanced green flu ... | 2008 | 18319397 |
| emb2473/miro1, an arabidopsis miro gtpase, is required for embryogenesis and influences mitochondrial morphology in pollen. | the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, subcellular distribution, morphology, and metabolism are essential for all aspects of plant growth and development. however, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. here, we describe an analysis of the three arabidopsis thaliana orthologs of the evolutionarily conserved miro gtpases. two of the genes, miro1 and miro2, are transcribed ubiquitously throughout the plant tissues, and their gene products localize to mitochondria via their c-ter ... | 2008 | 18344283 |
| the agl62 mads domain protein regulates cellularization during endosperm development in arabidopsis. | endosperm, a storage tissue in the angiosperm seed, provides nutrients to the embryo during seed development and/or to the developing seedling during germination. a major event in endosperm development is the transition between the syncytial phase, during which the endosperm nuclei undergo many rounds of mitosis without cytokinesis, and the cellularized phase, during which cell walls form around the endosperm nuclei. the molecular processes controlling this phase transition are not understood. i ... | 2008 | 18334668 |
| promoter-proximal introns in arabidopsis thaliana are enriched in dispersed signals that elevate gene expression. | introns that elevate mrna accumulation have been found in a wide range of eukaryotes. however, not all introns affect gene expression, and direct testing is currently the only way to identify stimulatory introns. our genome-wide analysis in arabidopsis thaliana revealed that promoter-proximal introns as a group are compositionally distinct from distal introns and that the degree to which an individual intron matches the promoter-proximal intron profile is a strong predictor of its ability to inc ... | 2008 | 18319396 |
| haplo-insufficiency of mpk3 in mpk6 mutant background uncovers a novel function of these two mapks in arabidopsis ovule development. | the plant life cycle includes diploid sporophytic and haploid gametophytic generations. female gametophytes (embryo sacs) in higher plants are embedded in specialized sporophytic structures (ovules). here, we report that two closely related mitogen-activated protein kinases in arabidopsis thaliana, mpk3 and mpk6, share a novel function in ovule development: in the mpk6 mutant background, mpk3 is haplo-insufficient, giving female sterility when heterozygous. by contrast, in the mpk3 mutant backgr ... | 2008 | 18364464 |
| the atg12-conjugating enzyme atg10 is essential for autophagic vesicle formation in arabidopsis thaliana. | autophagy is an important intracellular recycling system in eukaryotes that utilizes small vesicles to traffic cytosolic proteins and organelles to the vacuole for breakdown. vesicle formation requires the conjugation of the two ubiquitin-fold polypeptides atg8 and atg12 to phosphatidylethanolamine and the atg5 protein, respectively. using arabidopsis thaliana mutants affecting the atg5 target or the atg7 e1 required to initiate ligation of both atg8 and atg12, we previously showed that the atg8 ... | 2008 | 18245858 |
| comparative genomic sequence and expression analyses of medicago truncatula and alfalfa subspecies falcata cold-acclimation-specific genes. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) the low-temperature induction of genes encoding the c-repeat binding factor (cbf) transcriptional activators is a key step in cold acclimation. cbfs in turn activate a battery of downstream genes known as the cbf regulon, which collectively act to increase tolerance to low temperatures. fundamental questions are: what determines the size and scope of the cbf regulon, and is this is a major determinant of the low-temperature tolerance capacity of individual p ... | 2008 | 18218976 |
| myosin xi-k is required for rapid trafficking of golgi stacks, peroxisomes, and mitochondria in leaf cells of nicotiana benthamiana. | a prominent feature of plant cells is the rapid, incessant movement of the organelles traditionally defined as cytoplasmic streaming and attributed to actomyosin motility. we sequenced six complete nicotiana benthamiana cdnas that encode class xi and class viii myosins. phylogenetic analysis indicates that these two classes of myosins diverged prior to the radiation of green algae and land plants from a common ancestor and that the common ancestor of land plants likely possessed at least seven m ... | 2008 | 18178670 |
| two class xi myosins function in organelle trafficking and root hair development in arabidopsis. | multigene families encoding class xi myosins are conserved in higher plants, however, little information is available on specific functions of these ubiquitous molecular motors. we isolated gene knockout mutants for all 13 class xi myosins present in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genome. inactivation of 11 myosin genes resulted in no discernible phenotypes under the normal growth conditions. in contrast, the knockouts of the remaining two myosin genes, xi-2 (formerly mya2) and xi-k, exhibit ... | 2008 | 18178669 |
| stamen abscission zone transcriptome profiling reveals new candidates for abscission control: enhanced retention of floral organs in transgenic plants overexpressing arabidopsis zinc finger protein2. | organ detachment requires cell separation within abscission zones (azs). physiological studies have established that ethylene and auxin contribute to cell separation control. genetic analyses of abscission mutants have defined ethylene-independent detachment regulators. functional genomic strategies leading to global understandings of abscission have awaited methods for isolating az cells of low abundance and very small size. here, we couple laser capture microdissection of arabidopsis thaliana ... | 2008 | 18192438 |
| light induces peroxisome proliferation in arabidopsis seedlings through the photoreceptor phytochrome a, the transcription factor hy5 homolog, and the peroxisomal protein peroxin11b. | peroxisomes are single membrane-delimited subcellular organelles that carry out numerous vital metabolic reactions in nearly all eukaryotes. peroxisomes alter their morphology, abundance, and enzymatic constituents in response to environmental cues, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms. in this work, we investigated the regulatory role of light in peroxisome proliferation in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). we provide evidence that light induces proliferation of peroxisomes in ... | 2008 | 18203870 |
| structure-function analyses involving palindromic analogs of tritrypticin suggest autonomy of anti-endotoxin and antibacterial activities. | neutralization of invading pathogens by gene-encoded peptide antibiotics has been suggested to manifest in a variety of different modes. some of these modes require internalization of the peptide through a pathway that involves lps-mediated uptake of the peptide antibiotics. many proline/tryptophan-rich cationic peptides for which this mode has been invoked do, indeed, show lps (endotoxin) binding. if the mechanism of antibiotic action involves the lps-mediated pathway, a positive correlation ou ... | 2008 | 18218719 |
| allelic mutant series reveal distinct functions for arabidopsis cycloartenol synthase 1 in cell viability and plastid biogenesis. | sterols have multiple functions in all eukaryotes. in plants, sterol biosynthesis is initiated by the enzymatic conversion of 2,3-oxidosqualene to cycloartenol. this reaction is catalyzed by cycloartenol synthase 1 (cas1), which belongs to a family of 13 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclases in arabidopsis thaliana. to understand the full scope of sterol biological functions in plants, we characterized allelic series of cas1 mutations. plants carrying the weak mutant allele cas1-1 were viable but developed ... | 2008 | 18287026 |
| mechanistic flexibility as a conserved theme across 3 billion years of nonhomologous dna end-joining. | | 2008 | 18281457 |
| comparative analyses of n-acylated homoserine lactones reveal unique structural features that dictate their ability to activate or inhibit quorum sensing. | bacterial quorum sensing is mediated by low molecular-weight signals and plays a critical role in both the pathogenesis of infectious disease and beneficial symbioses. there is significant interest in the development of synthetic ligands that can intercept bacterial quorum sensing signals and modulate these outcomes. here, we report the design and comparative analysis of the effects of approximately 90 synthetic n-acylated homoserine lactones (ahls) on quorum sensing in three gram negative bacte ... | 2008 | 18224645 |
| barley genomics: an overview. | barley (hordeum vulgare), first domesticated in the near east, is a well-studied crop in terms of genetics, genomics, and breeding and qualifies as a model plant for triticeae research. recent advances made in barley genomics mainly include the following: (i) rapid accumulation of est sequence data, (ii) growing number of studies on transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, (iii) new modeling techniques, (iv) availability of genome-wide knockout collections as well as efficient transformation tec ... | 2008 | 18382615 |
| the growing outer epidermal wall: design and physiological role of a composite structure. | the cells of growing plant organs secrete an extracellular fibrous composite (the primary wall) that allows the turgid protoplasts to expand irreversibly via wall-yielding events, which are regulated by processes within the cytoplasm. the role of the epidermis in the control of stem elongation is described with special reference to the outer epidermal wall (oew), which forms a 'tensile skin'. | 2008 | 18258808 |
| protein production and purification. | in selecting a method to produce a recombinant protein, a researcher is faced with a bewildering array of choices as to where to start. to facilitate decision-making, we describe a consensus 'what to try first' strategy based on our collective analysis of the expression and purification of over 10,000 different proteins. this review presents methods that could be applied at the outset of any project, a prioritized list of alternate strategies and a list of pitfalls that trip many new investigato ... | 2008 | 18235434 |
| an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase functions in phototropin1 signaling in arabidopis by altering cytosolic ca2+. | inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (5ptase) is a key enzyme in the phosphatidylinositol metabolic pathway, which plays critical roles in a number of cellular processes in plants. our previous work implicated the role of 5ptase13, which encodes a wd40-containing type ii 5ptase, in hormone-mediated cotyledon vein development. here, we show that 5ptase13 is also involved in blue light responses in arabidopsis thaliana. compared with that in darkness, the expression of 5ptase13 was suppressed by b ... | 2008 | 18252844 |
| the arabidopsis phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase pip5k3 is a key regulator of root hair tip growth. | phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [ptdins(4,5)p2] functions as a site-specific signal on membranes to promote cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane trafficking. localization of ptdins(4,5)p2 to apices of growing root hairs and pollen tubes suggests that it plays an important role in tip growth. however, its regulation and mode of action remain unclear. we found that arabidopsis thaliana pip5k3 (for phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase 3) encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kin ... | 2008 | 18281506 |
| embryonic flower1 participates in polycomb group-mediated ag gene silencing in arabidopsis. | polycomb group (pcg)-mediated gene silencing is a common developmental strategy used to maintain stably inherited repression of target genes and involves different protein complexes known as polycomb-repressive complexes (prcs). in animals, the two best-characterized pcg complexes are prc1 and prc2. in this report, we demonstrate that the plant-specific protein embryonic flower1 (emf1) functions in maintaining the repression of the flower homeotic gene agamous (ag) during vegetative development ... | 2008 | 18281509 |
| root hair defective4 encodes a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate phosphatase required for proper root hair development in arabidopsis thaliana. | polarized expansion of root hair cells in arabidopsis thaliana is improperly controlled in root hair-defective rhd4-1 mutant plants, resulting in root hairs that are shorter and randomly form bulges along their length. using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy in rhd4-1 root hairs, we analyzed membrane dynamics after labeling with raba4b, a marker for polarized membrane trafficking in root hairs. this revealed stochastic loss and recovery of the raba4b compartment in the tips of growing root hair ... | 2008 | 18281508 |
| cop1-mediated ubiquitination of constans is implicated in cryptochrome regulation of flowering in arabidopsis. | in arabidopsis thaliana, the blue light photoreceptor cryptochromes (cry) act to promote photomorphogenic development and the transition from vegetative to floral development in long days (lds). we previously proposed that one of the mechanisms by which cry regulates light responses is via its physical interaction with cop1, a ring motif-containing e3 ligase. under lds, the transcription of flowering locus t (ft) is activated by constans (co) in leaf, and the ft protein moves to the shoot apex t ... | 2008 | 18296627 |
| map65-3 microtubule-associated protein is essential for nematode-induced giant cell ontogenesis in arabidopsis. | the infection of plants by obligate parasitic nematodes constitutes an interesting model for investigating plant cytoskeleton functions. root knot nematodes have evolved the ability to manipulate host functions to their own advantage by redifferentiating root cells into multinucleate and hypertrophied feeding cells. these giant cells result from repeated rounds of karyokinesis without cell division. detailed functional analyses demonstrated that arabidopsis thaliana microtubule-associated protei ... | 2008 | 18263774 |
| the arabidopsis atopt3 protein functions in metal homeostasis and movement of iron to developing seeds. | the arabidopsis thaliana atopt3 belongs to the oligopeptide transporter (opt) family, a relatively poorly characterized family of peptide/modified peptide transporters found in archebacteria, bacteria, fungi, and plants. a null mutation in atopt3 resulted in embryo lethality, indicating an essential role for atopt3 in embryo development. in this article, we report on the isolation and phenotypic characterization of a second atopt3 mutant line, opt3-2, harboring a t-dna insertion in the 5' untran ... | 2008 | 18083798 |
| overexpression of atmyb44 enhances stomatal closure to confer abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | atmyb44 belongs to the r2r3 myb subgroup 22 transcription factor family in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). treatment with abscisic acid (aba) induced atmyb44 transcript accumulation within 30 min. the gene was also activated under various abiotic stresses, such as dehydration, low temperature, and salinity. in transgenic arabidopsis carrying an atmyb44 promoter-driven beta-glucuronidase (gus) construct, strong gus activity was observed in the vasculature and leaf epidermal guard cells. trans ... | 2008 | 18162593 |
| sucrose transporter stsut4 from potato affects flowering, tuberization, and shade avoidance response. | sucrose (suc) transporters belong to a large gene family. the physiological role of sut1 proteins has been intensively investigated in higher plants, whereas that of sut4 proteins is so far unknown. all three known suc transporters from potato (solanum tuberosum), sut1, sut2, and sut4, are colocalized and their rna levels not only follow a diurnal rhythm, but also oscillate in constant light. here, we examined the physiological effects of transgenic potato plants on rna interference (rnai)-inact ... | 2008 | 18083796 |
| specificity of rcn1-mediated protein phosphatase 2a regulation in meristem organization and stress response in roots. | protein dephosphorylation by the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) modulates a broad array of cellular functions. pp2a normally acts as a heterotrimeric holoenzyme complex comprising a catalytic subunit bound by regulatory a and b subunits. characterization of the regulatory a subunit isoforms (roots curl in naphthylphthalamic acid1 [rcn1], pp2aa2, and pp2aa3) of arabidopsis thaliana pp2a has shown that rcn1 plays a primary role in controlling root and hypocotyl pp2a activity in see ... | 2008 | 18162590 |
| molecular and functional comparisons of the vacuolar na+/h+ exchangers originated from glycophytic and halophytic species. | a novel vacuolar na+/h+ exchanger, cgnhx1, was cloned from a halophytic species chenopodium glaucum by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) technique. sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of 22 nhx genes from genbank as well as the new cgnhx1 gene indicate that nhx genes shared a great degree of similarity, regardless of their glycophytic or halophytic origin. expression of the cgnhx1 gene was induced by nacl and peake ... | 2008 | 18257135 |
| analysis of 4,664 high-quality sequence-finished poplar full-length cdna clones and their utility for the discovery of genes responding to insect feeding. | the genus populus includes poplars, aspens and cottonwoods, which will be collectively referred to as poplars hereafter unless otherwise specified. poplars are the dominant tree species in many forest ecosystems in the northern hemisphere and are of substantial economic value in plantation forestry. poplar has been established as a model system for genomics studies of growth, development, and adaptation of woody perennial plants including secondary xylem formation, dormancy, adaptation to local ... | 2008 | 18230180 |
| tilling to detect induced mutations in soybean. | soybean (glycine max l. merr.) is an important nitrogen-fixing crop that provides much of the world's protein and oil. however, the available tools for investigation of soybean gene function are limited. nevertheless, chemical mutagenesis can be applied to soybean followed by screening for mutations in a target of interest using a strategy known as targeting induced local lesions in genomes (tilling). we have applied tilling to four mutagenized soybean populations, three of which were treated wi ... | 2008 | 18218134 |
| specific targeting of a plasmodesmal protein affecting cell-to-cell communication. | plasmodesmata provide the cytoplasmic conduits for cell-to-cell communication throughout plant tissues and participate in a diverse set of non-cell-autonomous functions. despite their central role in growth and development and defence, resolving their modus operandi remains a major challenge in plant biology. features of protein sequences and/or structure that determine protein targeting to plasmodesmata were previously unknown. we identify here a novel family of plasmodesmata-located proteins ( ... | 2008 | 18215111 |
| evolution of the c4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase promoter of the c4 species flaveria trinervia: the role of the proximal promoter region. | the key enzymes of photosynthetic carbon assimilation in c4 plants have evolved independently several times from c3 isoforms that were present in the c3 ancestral species. the c4 isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc), the primary co2-fixing enzyme of the c4 cycle, is specifically expressed at high levels in mesophyll cells of the leaves of c4 species. we are interested in understanding the molecular changes that are responsible for the evolution of this c4-characteristic pepc express ... | 2008 | 18208593 |
| different subcellular localizations and functions of arabidopsis myosin viii. | myosins are actin-activated atpases that use energy to generate force and move along actin filaments, dragging with their tails different cargos. plant myosins belong to the group of unconventional myosins and arabidopsis myosin viii gene family contains four members: atm1, atm2, myosin viiia and myosin viiib. | 2008 | 18179725 |
| bioinformatic analysis of the cle signaling peptide family. | plants encode a large number of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. legumes encode several lrr-rlk linked to the process of root nodule formation, the ligands of which are unknown. to identify ligands for these receptors, we used a combination of profile hidden markov models and position-specific iterative blast, allowing us to detect new members of the clv3/esr (cle) protein family from publicly available sequence databases. | 2008 | 18171480 |
| bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) analysis as a probe of protein interactions in living cells. | protein interactions are a fundamental mechanism for the generation of biological regulatory specificity. the study of protein interactions in living cells is of particular significance because the interactions that occur in a particular cell depend on the full complement of proteins present in the cell and the external stimuli that influence the cell. bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) analysis enables direct visualization of protein interactions in living cells. the bifc assay is ... | 2008 | 18573091 |
| bimolecular fluorescence complementation: visualization of molecular interactions in living cells. | a variety of experimental methods have been developed for the analysis of protein interactions. the majority of these methods either require disruption of the cells to detect molecular interactions or rely on indirect detection of the protein interaction. the bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) assay provides a direct approach for the visualization of molecular interactions in living cells and organisms. the bifc approach is based on the facilitated association between two fragments ... | 2008 | 18155474 |
| quantitative imaging for discovery and assembly of the metabo-regulome. | little is known about regulatory networks that control metabolic flux in plant cells. detailed understanding of regulation is crucial for synthetic biology. the difficulty of measuring metabolites with cellular and subcellular precision is a major roadblock. new tools have been developed for monitoring extracellular, cytosolic, organellar and vacuolar ion and metabolite concentrations with a time resolution of milliseconds to hours. genetically encoded sensors allow quantitative measurement of s ... | 2008 | 19138219 |
| surviving the passage: non-canonical stromal targeting of an arabidopsis mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. | in plants, mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapk) have been implicated in signalling associated with many processes, including cellular differentiation, organ development, cell death and stress/hormone signalling. while mapk cascades are known to act in the cytosol and the nucleus, sequence analysis of the arabidopsis mapk cascade proteins predicts the presence of import signals that would target some of them to other organelles. in vitro uptake experiments confirm the predicted import of an o ... | 2008 | 19516975 |
| rab-a2 and rab-a3 gtpases define a trans-golgi endosomal membrane domain in arabidopsis that contributes substantially to the cell plate. | the ypt3/rab11/rab25 subfamily of rab gtpases has expanded greatly in arabidopsis thaliana, comprising 26 members in six provisional subclasses, rab-a1 to rab-a6. we show that the rab-a2 and rab-a3 subclasses define a novel post-golgi membrane domain in arabidopsis root tips. the rab-a2/a3 compartment was distinct from but often close to golgi stacks and prevacuolar compartments and partly overlapped the vha-a1 trans-golgi compartment. it was also sensitive to brefeldin a and accumulated fm4-64 ... | 2008 | 18239134 |
| the arabidopsis small g protein rop2 is activated by light in guard cells and inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. | rop small g proteins function as molecular switches in diverse signaling processes. here, we investigated signals that activate rop2 in guard cells. in guard cells of vicia faba expressing arabidopsis thaliana constitutively active (ca) rop2 fused to red fluorescent protein (rfp-ca-rop2), fluorescence localized exclusively at the plasma membrane, whereas a dominant negative version of rfp-rop2 (dn-rop2) localized in the cytoplasm. in guard cells expressing green fluorescent protein-rop2, the rel ... | 2008 | 18178769 |
| a versatile transposon-based activation tag vector system for functional genomics in cereals and other monocot plants. | transposon insertional mutagenesis is an effective alternative to t-dna mutagenesis when transformation through tissue culture is inefficient as is the case for many crop species. when used as activation tags, transposons can be exploited to generate novel gain-of-function phenotypes without transformation and are of particular value in the study of polyploid plants where gene knockouts will not have phenotypes. we have developed an in cis-activation-tagging ac-ds transposon system in which a t- ... | 2008 | 17993541 |
| reproducible rna preparation from sugarcane and citrus for functional genomic applications. | high-throughput functional genomic procedures depend on the quality of the rna used. copurifying molecules can negatively impact the functionality of some plant rna preparations employed in these procedures. we present a simplified, rapid, and scalable sds/phenol-based method that provides the high-quantity and -quality rna required by the newly emerging biotechnology applications. the method is applied to isolating rna from tissues of two biotechnologically important crop plants, sugarcane and ... | 2009 | 20148085 |
| wox4 promotes procambial development. | plant shoot organs arise from initial cells that are recruited from meristematic tissues. previous studies have shown that members of the wuschel-related homeobox (wox) gene family function to organize various initial cell populations during plant development. the function of the wox4 gene is previously undescribed in any plant species. comparative analyses of wox4 transcription and function are presented in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), a simple-leafed plant with collateral vasculature, a ... | 2009 | 20044450 |
| a pip1 aquaporin contributes to hydrostatic pressure-induced water transport in both the root and rosette of arabidopsis. | aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across plant cell membranes. in this work, we used a combination of pharmacological and reverse genetic approaches to investigate the overall significance of aquaporins for tissue water conductivity in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). we addressed the function in roots and leaves of atpip1;2, one of the most abundantly expressed isoforms of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein family. at variance with the water transport ... | 2009 | 20034965 |
| mild reductions in mitochondrial nad-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity result in altered nitrate assimilation and pigmentation but do not impact growth. | transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants were generated expressing a fragment of the mitochondrial nad-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (slidh1) in the antisense orientation. the transgenic plants displayed a mild reduction in the activity of the target enzyme in the leaves but essentially no visible alteration in growth from the wild-type. fruit size and yield were, however, reduced. these plants were characterized by relatively few changes in photosynthetic parameters, but they d ... | 2009 | 20035036 |
| biological importance of marine algae. | marine organisms are potentially prolific sources of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that might represent useful leads in the development of new pharmaceutical agents. algae can be classified into two main groups; first one is the microalgae, which includes blue green algae, dinoflagellates, bacillariophyta (diatoms)… etc., and second one is macroalgae (seaweeds) which includes green, brown and red algae. the microalgae phyla have been recognized to provide chemical and pharmacological no ... | 2009 | 23960716 |
| the arabidopsis bet bromodomain factor gte4 is involved in maintenance of the mitotic cell cycle during plant development. | bromodomain and extra terminal domain (bet) proteins are characterized by the presence of two types of domains, the bromodomain and the extra terminal domain. they bind to acetylated lysines present on histone tails and control gene transcription. they are also well known to play an important role in cell cycle regulation. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), there are 12 bet genes; however, only two of them, imbibition inducible1 and general transcription factor group e6 (gte6), were function ... | 2009 | 20032077 |
| gene deletion of 7,8-linoleate diol synthase of the rice blast fungus: studies on pathogenicity, stereochemistry, and oxygenation mechanisms. | linoleate diol synthases (lds) are heme enzymes, which oxygenate 18:2n-6 sequentially to (8r)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid ((8r)-hpode) and to (5s,8r)-dihydroxy-, (7s,8s)-dihydroxy-, or (8r,11s)-dihydroxylinoleic acids (dihode). the genome of the rice blast fungus, magnaporthe oryzae, contains two genes with homology to lds. m. oryzae oxidized 18:2n-6 to (8r)-hpode and to (7s,8s)-dihode, (6s,8r)-dihode, and (8r,11s)-hode. small amounts of 10-hydroxy-(8e,12z)-octadecadienoic acid and traces of 5,8-di ... | 2009 | 20023302 |
| over-expression of mir172 causes loss of spikelet determinacy and floral organ abnormalities in rice (oryza sativa). | regulation of gene expression by micrornas (mirnas) plays a crucial role in many developmental and physiological processes in plants. mirnas act to repress expression of their target genes via mrna cleavage or translational repression. dozens of mirna families have been identified in rice, 21 of which are conserved between rice and arabidopsis. mir172 is a conserved mirna family which has been shown to regulate expression of apetala2 (ap2)-like transcription factors in arabidopsis and maize. the ... | 2009 | 20017947 |
| down-regulation of four putative arabinoxylan feruloyl transferase genes from family pf02458 reduces ester-linked ferulate content in rice cell walls. | industrial processes to produce ethanol from lignocellulosic materials are available, but improved efficiency is necessary to make them economically viable. one of the limitations for lignocellulosic conversion to ethanol is the inaccessibility of the cellulose and hemicelluloses within the tight cell wall matrix. ferulates (fa) can cross-link different arabinoxylan molecules in the cell wall of grasses via diferulate and oligoferulate bridges. this complex cross-linking is thought to be a key f ... | 2009 | 20012086 |
| atsofl1 and atsofl2 act redundantly as positive modulators of the endogenous content of specific cytokinins in arabidopsis. | although cytokinins have been known for decades to play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, our knowledge of the regulatory mechanism of endogenous content of specific cytokinins remains limited. | 2009 | 20011053 |
| cytosolic n-terminal arginine-based signals together with a luminal signal target a type ii membrane protein to the plant er. | in eukaryotic cells, the membrane compartments that constitute the exocytic pathway are traversed by a constant flow of lipids and proteins. this is particularly true for the endoplasmic reticulum (er), the main "gateway of the secretory pathway", where biosynthesis of sterols, lipids, membrane-bound and soluble proteins, and glycoproteins occurs. maintenance of the resident proteins in this compartment implies they have to be distinguished from the secretory cargo. to this end, they must posses ... | 2009 | 19995436 |
| activation-tagged suppressors of a weak brassinosteroid receptor mutant. | brassinosteroids (brs) are important plant hormones that act synergistically with auxin to regulate a variety of plant developmental and physiological processes. in the past decade, genetic and biochemical studies have revealed a linear signaling pathway that relies on protein phosphorylation to transmit the br signal into the nucleus, altering expression of hundreds of genes to promote plant growth. we conducted an activation-tagging based suppressor screen to look for arabidopsis genes that, w ... | 2009 | 19995721 |
| a protein kinase-phosphatase pair interacts with an ion channel to regulate aba signaling in plant guard cells. | the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) serves as a physiological monitor to assess the water status of plants and, under drought conditions, induces stomatal pore closure by activating specific ion channels, such as a slow-anion channel (slac1) that, in turn, mediate ion efflux from the guard cells. earlier genetic analyses uncovered a protein kinase (ost1) and several 2c-type phosphatases, as respective positive and negative regulators of aba-induced stomatal closure. here we show that the ost1 ... | 2009 | 19955427 |
| pectin activation of map kinase and gene expression is wak2 dependent. | the angiosperm extracellular matrix, or cell wall, is composed of a complex array of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins and proteins, the modification and regulated synthesis of which are essential for cell growth and division. the wall associated kinases (waks) are receptor-like proteins that have an extracellular domain that bind pectins, the more flexible portion of the extracellular matrix, and are required for cell expansion as they have a role in regulating cellular solute concentrations. w ... | 2009 | 19737363 |
| heat shock protein cognate 70-4 and an e3 ubiquitin ligase, chip, mediate plastid-destined precursor degradation through the ubiquitin-26s proteasome system in arabidopsis. | plastid-targeted proteins pass through the cytosol as unfolded precursors. if proteins accumulate in the cytosol, they can form nonspecific aggregates that cause severe cellular damage. here, we demonstrate that high levels of plastid precursors are degraded through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (ups) in arabidopsis thaliana cells. the cytosolic heat shock protein cognate 70-4 (hsc70-4) and e3 ligase carboxy terminus of hsc70-interacting protein (chip) were highly induced in plastid protein im ... | 2009 | 20028838 |
| a gain-of-function mutation of arabidopsis lipid transfer protein 5 disturbs pollen tube tip growth and fertilization. | during compatible pollination of the angiosperms, pollen tubes grow in the pistil transmitting tract (tt) and are guided to the ovule for fertilization. lily (lilium longiflorum) stigma/style cys-rich adhesin (sca), a plant lipid transfer protein (ltp), is a small, secreted peptide involved in pollen tube adhesion-mediated guidance. here, we used a reverse genetic approach to study biological roles of arabidopsis thaliana ltp5, a sca-like ltp. the t-dna insertional gain-of-function mutant plant ... | 2009 | 20044438 |
| arabidopsis tic62 and ferredoxin-nadp(h) oxidoreductase form light-regulated complexes that are integrated into the chloroplast redox poise. | translocation of nuclear-encoded preproteins across the inner envelope of chloroplasts is catalyzed by the tic translocon, consisting of tic110, tic40, tic62, tic55, tic32, tic20, and tic22. tic62 was proposed to act as a redox sensor of the complex because of its redox-dependent shuttling between envelope and stroma and its specific interaction with the photosynthetic protein ferredoxin-nadp(h) oxidoreductase (fnr). however, the nature of this close relationship so far remained enigmatic. a put ... | 2009 | 20040542 |
| expression of the arabidopsis mutant abi1 gene alters abscisic acid sensitivity, stomatal development, and growth morphology in gray poplars. | the consequences of altered abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity in gray poplar (populus x canescens [ait.] sm.) development were examined by ectopic expression of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) mutant abi1 (for abscisic acid insensitive1) gene. the expression resulted in an aba-insensitive phenotype revealed by a strong tendency of abi1 poplars to wilt, impaired responsiveness of their stomata to aba, and an aba-resistant bud outgrowth. these plants therefore required cultivation under very ... | 2009 | 19837818 |
| petunia hybrida carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase7 is involved in the production of negative and positive branching signals in petunia. | one of the key factors that defines plant form is the regulation of when and where branches develop. the diversity of form observed in nature results, in part, from variation in the regulation of branching between species. two carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (ccd) genes, ccd7 and ccd8, are required for the production of a branch-suppressing plant hormone. here, we report that the decreased apical dominance3 (dad3) mutant of petunia (petunia hybrida) results from the mutation of the phccd7 gene a ... | 2009 | 19846541 |
| the arabidopsis dcr encoding a soluble bahd acyltransferase is required for cutin polyester formation and seed hydration properties. | the cuticle covering every plant aerial organ is largely made of cutin that consists of fatty acids, glycerol, and aromatic monomers. despite the huge importance of the cuticle to plant development and fitness, our knowledge regarding the assembly of the cutin polymer and its integration in the complete cuticle structure is limited. cutin composition implies the action of acyltransferase-type enzymes that mediate polymer construction through ester bond formation. here, we show that a member of t ... | 2009 | 19828672 |
| the association of the arabidopsis actin-related protein2/3 complex with cell membranes is linked to its assembly status but not its activation. | in growing plant cells, the combined activities of the cytoskeleton, endomembrane, and cell wall biosynthetic systems organize the cytoplasm and define the architecture and growth properties of the cell. these biosynthetic machineries efficiently synthesize, deliver, and recycle the raw materials that support cell expansion. the precise roles of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes are unclear. certainly, bundles of actin filaments position organelles and are a substrate for long-distance i ... | 2009 | 19801398 |
| altered architecture and enhanced drought tolerance in rice via the down-regulation of indole-3-acetic acid by tld1/osgh3.13 activation. | plant architecture is determined by genetic and developmental programs as well as by environmental factors. sessile plants have evolved a subtle adaptive mechanism that allows them to alter their growth and development during periods of stress. phytohormones play a central role in this process; however, the molecules responsible for integrating growth- and stress-related signals are unknown. here, we report a gain-of-function rice (oryza sativa) mutant, tld1-d, characterized by (and named for) a ... | 2009 | 19776160 |
| dkmyb4 is a myb transcription factor involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in persimmon fruit. | proanthocyanidins (pas) are secondary metabolites that contribute to the protection of the plant and also to the taste of the fruit, mainly through astringency. persimmon (diospyros kaki) is unique in being able to accumulate abundant pas in the fruit flesh. fruits of the nonastringent (na)-type mutants lose their ability to produce pa at an early stage of fruit development, while those of the normal astringent (a) type remain rich in pa until fully ripened. the expression of many pa pathway gen ... | 2009 | 19783643 |
| flexible tools for gene expression and silencing in tomato. | as a genetic platform, tomato (solanum lycopersicum) benefits from rich germplasm collections and ease of cultivation and transformation that enable the analysis of biological processes impossible to investigate in other model species. to facilitate the assembly of an open genetic toolbox designed to study solanaceae, we initiated a joint collection of publicly available gene manipulation tools. we focused on the characterization of promoters expressed at defined time windows during fruit develo ... | 2009 | 19812183 |
| the arabidopsis thaliana double-stranded rna binding protein drb1 directs guide strand selection from microrna duplexes. | in arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis), dicer-like1 (dcl1) functions together with the double-stranded rna binding protein (dsrbp), drb1, to process micrornas (mirnas) from their precursor transcripts prior to their transfer to the rna-induced silencing complex (risc). mirna-loaded risc directs rna silencing of cognate mrnas via argonaute1 (ago1)-catalyzed cleavage. short interefering rnas (sirnas) are processed from viral-derived or transgene-encoded molecules of double-stranded rna (dsrna) by t ... | 2009 | 19861421 |
| salt-dependent regulation of a cng channel subfamily in arabidopsis. | in arabidopsis thaliana, the family of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (cngcs) is composed of 20 members. previous studies indicate that plant cngcs are involved in the control of growth processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. according to their proposed function as cation entry pathways these channels contribute to cellular cation homeostasis, including calcium and sodium, as well as to stress-related signal transduction. here, we studied the expression patterns and regulation ... | 2009 | 19943938 |
| characterization of genes encoding poly(a) polymerases in plants: evidence for duplication and functional specialization. | poly(a) polymerase is a key enzyme in the machinery that mediates mrna 3' end formation in eukaryotes. in plants, poly(a) polymerases are encoded by modest gene families. to better understand this multiplicity of genes, poly(a) polymerase-encoding genes from several other plants, as well as from selaginella, physcomitrella, and chlamydomonas, were studied. | 2009 | 19956626 |
| the cytochrome p450 cyp86a22 is a fatty acyl-coa omega-hydroxylase essential for estolide synthesis in the stigma of petunia hybrida. | the stigmatic estolide is a lipid-based polyester constituting the major component of exudate in solanaceous plants. although the exudate is believed to play important roles in the pollination process, the biosynthetic pathway of stigmatic estolide, including genes encoding the key enzymes, remains unknown. here we report the cloning and characterization of the cytochrome p450 gene cyp86a22, which encodes a fatty acyl-coa omega-hydroxylase involved in estolide biosynthesis in the stigma of petun ... | 2009 | 19940120 |
| overexpression of serine acetlytransferase produced large increases in o-acetylserine and free cysteine in developing seeds of a grain legume. | there have been many attempts to increase concentrations of the nutritionally essential sulphur amino acids by modifying their biosynthetic pathway in leaves of transgenic plants. this report describes the first modification of cysteine biosynthesis in developing seeds; those of the grain legume, narrow leaf lupin (lupinus angustifolius, l.). expression in developing lupin embryos of a serine acetyltransferase (sat) from arabidopsis thaliana (atsat1 or atserat 2;1) was associated with increases ... | 2009 | 19939888 |
| eukaryotic release factor 1-2 affects arabidopsis responses to glucose and phytohormones during germination and early seedling development. | germination and early seedling development are coordinately regulated by glucose and phytohormones such as aba, ga, and ethylene. however, the molecules that affect plant responses to glucose and phytohormones remain to be fully elucidated. eukaryotic release factor 1 (erf1) is responsible for the recognition of the stop codons in mrnas during protein synthesis. accumulating evidence indicates that erf1 functions in other processes in addition to translation termination. the physiological role o ... | 2009 | 19939886 |
| repression of flowering locus t chromatin by functionally redundant histone h3 lysine 4 demethylases in arabidopsis. | flowering locus t (ft) plays a key role as a mobile floral induction signal that initiates the floral transition. therefore, precise control of ft expression is critical for the reproductive success of flowering plants. coexistence of bivalent histone h3 lysine 27 trimethylation (h3k27me3) and h3k4me3 marks at the ft locus and the role of h3k27me3 as a strong ft repression mechanism in arabidopsis have been reported. however, the role of an active mark, h3k4me3, in ft regulation has not been add ... | 2009 | 19946624 |
| the coiled-coil domain of ehd2 mediates inhibition of leeix2 endocytosis and signaling. | endocytosis has been suggested to be crucial for the induction of plant immunity in several cases. we have previously shown that two arabidopsis proteins, atehd1 and atehd2, are involved in endocytosis in plant systems. atehd2 has an inhibitory effect on endocytosis of transferrin, fm-4-64, and leeix2. there are many works in mammalian systems detailing the importance of the various domains in ehds but, to date, the domains of plant ehd2 that are required for its inhibitory activity on endocytos ... | 2009 | 19936242 |
| in vitro reconstitution of an abscisic acid signalling pathway. | the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) regulates the expression of many genes in plants; it has critical functions in stress resistance and in growth and development. several proteins have been reported to function as aba receptors, and many more are known to be involved in aba signalling. however, the identities of aba receptors remain controversial and the mechanism of signalling from perception to downstream gene expression is unclear. here we show that by combining the recently identified aba ... | 2009 | 19924127 |
| non-antibiotic selection systems for soybean somatic embryos: the lysine analog aminoethyl-cysteine as a selection agent. | in soybean somatic embryo transformation, the standard selection agent currently used is hygromycin. it may be preferable to avoid use of antibiotic resistance genes in foods. the objective of these experiments was to develop a selection system for producing transgenic soybean somatic embryos without the use of antibiotics such as hygromycin. | 2009 | 19922622 |
| in vivo imaging of the tonoplast intrinsic protein family in arabidopsis roots. | tonoplast intrinsic proteins (tips) are widely used as markers for vacuolar compartments in higher plants. ten tip isoforms are encoded by the arabidopsis genome. for several isoforms, the tissue and cell specific pattern of expression are not known. | 2009 | 19922653 |
| sequential recruitment of the endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts for plant potyvirus replication. | the replication of positive-strand rna viruses occurs in cytoplasmic membrane-bound virus replication complexes (vrcs). depending on the virus, distinct cellular organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (er), chloroplast, mitochondrion, endosome, and peroxisome are recruited for the formation of vrc-associated membranous structures. previously, the 6,000-molecular-weight protein (6k) of plant potyviruses was shown to be an integral membrane protein that induces the formation of 6k-containing ... | 2009 | 19906931 |
| farnesylcysteine lyase is involved in negative regulation of abscisic acid signaling in arabidopsis. | the arabidopsis fcly gene encodes a specific farnesylcysteine (fc) lyase, which is responsible for the oxidative metabolism of fc to farnesal and cysteine. in addition, fcly mutants with quantitative decreases in fc lyase activity exhibit an enhanced response to aba. however, the enzymological properties of the fcly-encoded enzyme and its precise role in aba signaling remain unclear. here, we show that recombinant arabidopsis fc lyase expressed in insect cells exhibits high selectivity for fc as ... | 2009 | 19969520 |
| the wrky6 transcription factor modulates phosphate1 expression in response to low pi stress in arabidopsis. | arabidopsis thaliana wrky family comprises 74 members and some of them are involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. this study demonstrated that wrky6 is involved in arabidopsis responses to low-pi stress through regulating phosphate1 (pho1) expression. wrky6 overexpression lines, similar to the pho1 mutant, were more sensitive to low pi stress and had lower pi contents in shoots compared with wild-type seedlings and the wrky6-1 mutant. immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated ... | 2009 | 19934380 |
| dof5.6/hca2, a dof transcription factor gene, regulates interfascicular cambium formation and vascular tissue development in arabidopsis. | vascular cambium, a type of lateral meristem, is the source of secondary xylem and secondary phloem, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its formation and development. here, we report the characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana gain-of-function mutant with dramatically increased cambial activity, designated high cambial activity2 (hca2). the hca2 mutant has no alternative organization of the vascular bundles/fibers in inflorescence stems, due to precocious formation of inte ... | 2009 | 19915089 |
| a study of new arabidopsis chloroplast rna editing mutants reveals general features of editing factors and their target sites. | rna editing in higher plant organelles results in the conversion of specific cytidine residues to uridine residues in rna. the recognition of a specific target c site by the editing machinery involves trans-acting factors that bind to the rna upstream of the c to be edited. in the last few years, analysis of mutants affected in chloroplast biogenesis has identified several pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins from the pls subfamily that are essential for the editing of particular rna transcri ... | 2009 | 19934379 |
| members of the lbd family of transcription factors repress anthocyanin synthesis and affect additional nitrogen responses in arabidopsis. | nitrogen (n) and nitrate (no(3)(-)) per se regulate many aspects of plant metabolism, growth, and development. n/no(3)(-) also suppresses parts of secondary metabolism, including anthocyanin synthesis. molecular components for this repression are unknown. we report that three n/no(3)(-)-induced members of the lateral organ boundary domain (lbd) gene family of transcription factors (lbd37, lbd38, and lbd39) act as negative regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. overexpres ... | 2009 | 19933203 |
| arabidopsis n-myc downregulated-like1, a positive regulator of auxin transport in a g protein-mediated pathway. | root architecture results from coordinated cell division and expansion in spatially distinct cells of the root and is established and maintained by gradients of auxin and nutrients such as sugars. auxin is transported acropetally through the root within the central stele and then, upon reaching the root apex, auxin is transported basipetally through the outer cortical and epidermal cells. the two gbetagamma dimers of the arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric g protein complex are differentially lo ... | 2009 | 19948787 |
| the sporocyteless/nozzle gene is involved in controlling stamen identity in arabidopsis. | the stamen, which consists of an anther and a filament, is the male reproductive organ in a flower. the specification of stamen identity in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) is controlled by a combination of the b genes apetala3 (ap3) and pistillata, the c gene agamous (ag), and the e genes sepallata1 (sep1) to sep4. the "floral organ-building" gene sporocyteless/nozzle (spl/nzz) plays a central role in regulating anther cell differentiation. however, much less is known about how "floral organ ... | 2009 | 19726570 |
| mere1, a low-copy-number copia-type retroelement in medicago truncatula active during tissue culture. | we have identified an active medicago truncatula copia-like retroelement called medicago retroelement1-1 (mere1-1) as an insertion in the symbiotic nsp2 gene. mere1-1 belongs to a low-copy-number family in the sequenced medicago genome. these copies are highly related, but only three of them have a complete coding region and polymorphism exists between the long terminal repeats of these different copies. this retroelement family is present in all m. truncatula ecotypes tested but also in other l ... | 2009 | 19656907 |
| starch synthesis in arabidopsis is achieved by spatial cotranscription of core starch metabolism genes. | starch synthesis and degradation require the participation of many enzymes, occur in both photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic tissues, and are subject to environmental and developmental regulation. we examine the distribution of starch in vegetative tissues of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and the expression of genes encoding core enzymes for starch synthesis. starch is accumulated in plastids of epidermal, mesophyll, vascular, and root cap cells but not in root proper cells. we also ident ... | 2009 | 19759345 |
| identification of an arabidopsis feruloyl-coenzyme a transferase required for suberin synthesis. | all plants produce suberin, a lipophilic barrier of the cell wall that controls water and solute fluxes and restricts pathogen infection. it is often described as a heteropolymer comprised of polyaliphatic and polyaromatic domains. major monomers include omega-hydroxy and alpha,omega-dicarboxylic fatty acids, glycerol, and ferulate. no genes have yet been identified for the aromatic suberin pathway. here we demonstrate that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) gene at5g41040, a member of the bahd ... | 2009 | 19759341 |