| pharmacokinetic evaluation in mice of amorphous itraconazole-based dry powder formulations for inhalation with high bioavailability and extended lung retention. | three itraconazole (itz) dry powders for inhalation (dpi) were prepared by spray-drying a mannitol solution in which the itz was in suspension (f1) or was in solution without (f2) or with phospholipid (pl) (f3). these powders were endotracheally insufflated in vivo at a single dose of 0.5mg/kg for pharmacokinetic profile (lung and plasma concentration) determination in icr cd-1 mice. itz was crystalline in f1 and assumed to be amorphous in the f2 and f3 formulations. f2 and f3 formulations allow ... | 2014 | 23523546 |
| imaging living cells surface and quantifying its properties at high resolution using afm in qi™ mode. | since the last 10 years, afm has become a powerful tool to study biological samples. however, the classical modes offered (imaging or tapping mode) often damage sample that are too soft or loosely immobilized. if imaging and mechanical properties are required, it requests long recording time as two different experiments must be conducted independently. in this study we compare the new qi™ mode against contact imaging mode and force volume mode, and we point out its benefit in the new challenges ... | 2013 | 23522742 |
| assessment of aspergillus fumigatus pathogenicity in aerosol-challenged chickens (gallus gallus) belonging to two lineages. | infection due to the mold aspergillus fumigatus remains a common and life-threatening infection in many animals, especially birds. animal models are still required to better understand the physiopathology of infection and evaluate diagnostic tools and treatment procedures. the aim of the present study was to assess the pathogenicity of a. fumigatus in two lineages of chicken (gallus gallus): spf white leghorn pa12 layers and conventional ja657 broilers. four-day-old birds were experimentally inf ... | 2013 | 23522612 |
| intravenous antibiotics reduce the presence of aspergillus in adult cystic fibrosis sputum. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and aspergillus fumigatus frequently co-colonise the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). this study aimed to assess the impact of short-term administration of intravenous antipseudomonal antibiotics during cf exacerbations on the presence of aspergillus. | 2013 | 23513028 |
| monocyte- and macrophage-targeted nadph oxidase mediates antifungal host defense and regulation of acute inflammation in mice. | chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited disorder of the nadph oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in the generation of superoxide anion and downstream reactive oxidant species, is characterized by severe bacterial and fungal infections and excessive inflammation. although nadph oxidase isoforms exist in several lineages, reactive oxidant generation is greatest in neutrophils, where nadph oxidase has been deemed vital for pathogen killing. in contrast, the function and importance of nad ... | 2013 | 23509361 |
| sun proteins belong to a novel family of β-(1,3)-glucan-modifying enzymes involved in fungal morphogenesis. | sun proteins are involved in yeast morphogenesis, but their function is unknown. | 2013 | 23508952 |
| csp typing of chinese aspergillus fumigatus isolates: identification of additional csp types. | cell surface protein (csp) typing is a typing strategy that employs comparative dna sequence analysis of the 12-mer tandem repeat region of the afua_3g08890 gene. the csp typing scheme and modified nomenclature was applied to a collection of 162 clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates from china. a total of 16 csp variants were observed, including five that were newly reported, indicating that phylogeographic differences may exist between the chinese and the previously studied australian, europe ... | 2013 | 23506321 |
| novel terephthaloyl thiourea cross-linked chitosan hydrogels as antibacterial and antifungal agents. | four novel terephthaloyl thiourea chitosan (ttu-chitosan) hydrogels were synthesized via a cross-linking reaction of chitosan with different concentrations of terephthaloyl diisothiocyanate. their structures were investigated by elemental analyses, ftir, sem and x-ray diffraction. the antimicrobial activities of the hydrogels against three species of bacteria (bacillis subtilis, staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli) and three crop-threatening pathogenic fungi (aspergillus fumigatus, geotri ... | 2013 | 23500435 |
| liver transplantation in cystic fibrosis: a report from baylor college of medicine and the texas children's hospital. | cf affects one of 2000 caucasians, and approximately 25% are found to have cfld for which olt may be indicated. timing of transplantation, contraindications, and survival are still widely debated. we report the outcomes of olt for pediatric patients with cfld from the largest children's hospital in the united states. our records since september 1998 were analyzed for all patients undergoing olt for cfld. nine patients were then compared to similar patients in the unos/optn database (n = 155). su ... | 2013 | 23489441 |
| the fumagillin biosynthetic gene cluster in aspergillus fumigatus encodes a cryptic terpene cyclase involved in the formation of β-trans-bergamotene. | fumagillin 1 is a meroterpenoid from aspergillus fumigatus that is known for its anti-angiogenic activity by binding to human methionine aminopeptidase 2. the genetic and molecular basis for biosynthesis of 1 had been an enigma despite the availability of the a. fumigatus genome sequence. here, we report the identification and verification of the fma gene cluster, followed by characterization of the polyketide synthase and acyltransferase involved in biosynthesis of the dioic acid portion of 1. ... | 2013 | 23488861 |
| chloroquine modulates the fungal immune response in phagocytic cells from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. | invasive aspergillosis is a major threat to patients with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). fungal pathogenesis is the result of a diminished antifungal capacity and dysregulated inflammation. a deficient nadph-oxidase complex results in defective phagolysosomal alkalization. to investigate the contribution of defective ph regulation in phagocytes among patients with cgd during fungal pathogenesis, we evaluated the effect of the acidotropic, antimalarial drug chloroquine (cq) on the antifunga ... | 2013 | 23482646 |
| identification and evaluation of novel acetolactate synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents. | high-throughput phenotypic screening against the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed a series of triazolopyrimidine-sulfonamide compounds with broad-spectrum antifungal activity, no significant cytotoxicity, and low protein binding. to elucidate the target of this series, we have applied a chemogenomic profiling approach using the s. cerevisiae deletion collection. all compounds of the series yielded highly similar profiles that suggested acetolactate synthase (ilv2p, which catalyzes the fir ... | 2013 | 23478965 |
| role of ficolin-a and lectin complement pathway in the innate defense against pathogenic aspergillus species. | aspergillus species are saprophytic molds causing life-threatening invasive fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. innate immune recognition, in particular, the mechanisms of opsonization and complement activation, has been reported to be an integral part of the defense against fungi. we have shown that the complement component ficolin-a significantly binds to aspergillus conidia and hyphae in a concentration-dependent manner and was inhibited by n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylgalacto ... | 2013 | 23478320 |
| proteolytic cleavage of the long pentraxin ptx3 in the airways of cystic fibrosis patients. | the prototypic long pentraxin ptx3, a soluble pattern recognition receptor, plays an important role in innate defense against selected pathogens by favoring their elimination and the initiation of protective responses. ptx3 has notably beneficial effects in mice infected with aspergillus fumigatus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. cystic fibrosis (cf), a severe inherited autosomal recessive disease, is characterized by recurrent lung infections, especially by these two pathogens. we thus hypothesized ... | 2013 | 23475792 |
| gliotoxinogenic aspergillus fumigatus in the dairy herd environment. | the potential association between hygienic conditions in the environment of lactating cows and the presence of gliotoxinogenic aspergillus fumigatus strains was studied. milk samples (individual cow's milk [icm], bulk tank milk [btm]) from 44 dairy farms were sampled. in icm samples, eight different species of aspergillus were identified. a. flavus and a. fumigatus were predominant, with 37.8% and 26.1% relative densities, respectively. a. fumigatus strains were isolated from 61.4% of the btm sa ... | 2013 | 23467846 |
| the tell-tale heart: aspergillus fumigatus endocarditis in an immunocompetent patient. | aspergillus is a saprophytic, spore-forming fungus that is ubiquitous in our daily environment. inhalation of the airborne conidia leads to a variety of diseases, from asymptomatic colonization to disseminated disease. immunocompromised patients are usually viewed as the population most susceptible to aspergillosis because of their lack of host immune defenses. however, a healthy immune system does not preclude an individual from susceptibility to aspergillosis. our case illustrates an immunocom ... | 2013 | 23466974 |
| azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of patients with chronic diseases. | triazole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus has been increasing. we explored the a. fumigatus azole resistance profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid samples from danish patients examined for aspergillosis. | 2013 | 23463213 |
| epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in the intensive care unit: results of a multicenter italian survey (aurora project). | the aims of this study are to evaluate the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (ifis) in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (icu) in southern italy and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of isolates. | 2013 | 23463186 |
| dectin-1 expression at early period of aspergillus fumigatus infection in rat's corneal epithelium. | to investigate the expression of dendritic cell-associated c-type lectin-1(dectin-1) at the early period of aspergillus fumigatus infection in rat's corneal epithelium. | 2013 | 23447102 |
| vitamin d regulation of ox40 ligand in immune responses to aspergillus fumigatus. | ox40 ligand (ox40l) is a costimulatory molecule involved in th2 allergic responses. it has been shown that vitamin d deficiency is associated with increased ox40l expression in peripheral cd11c(+) cells and controls th2 responses to aspergillus fumigatus in vitro in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). to investigate if vitamin d deficiency regulated ox40l and th2 responses in vivo, we examined the effect of nutritional vitamin d deficiency on costim ... | 2013 | 23439304 |
| partial reconstruction of the ergot alkaloid pathway by heterologous gene expression in aspergillus nidulans. | ergot alkaloids are pharmaceutically and agriculturally important secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi. ergot alkaloid pathways vary among different fungal lineages, but the pathway intermediate chanoclavine-i is evolutionarily conserved among ergot alkaloid producers. at least four genes, dmaw, easf, ease, and easc, are necessary for pathway steps prior to chanoclavine-i; however, the sufficiency of these genes for chanoclavine-i synthesis has not been established. a fragm ... | 2013 | 23435153 |
| receptor-mediated signaling in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is the most pathogenic species among the aspergilli, and the major fungal agent of human pulmonary infection. to prosper in diverse ecological niches, aspergilli have evolved numerous mechanisms for adaptive gene regulation, some of which are also crucial for mammalian infection. among the molecules which govern such responses, integral membrane receptors are thought to be the most amenable to therapeutic modulation. this is due to the localization of these molecular sensor ... | 2013 | 23430083 |
| fungal cell wall organization and biosynthesis. | the composition and organization of the cell walls from saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, schizosaccharomyces pombe, neurospora crassa, and cryptococcus neoformans are compared and contrasted. these cell walls contain chitin, chitosan, β-1,3-glucan, β-1,6-glucan, mixed β-1,3-/β-1,4-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, melanin, and glycoproteins as major constituents. a comparison of these cell walls shows that there is a great deal of variability in fungal cell wall composition ... | 2013 | 23419716 |
| cr(iii), mn(ii), fe(iii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) new complexes of 5-aminosalicylic acid: spectroscopic, thermal characterization and biological activity studies. | the complexing behavior of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid; 5-asa) towards the transition metal ions namely, cr(iii), mn(ii), fe(iii), co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) have been examined by elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, electronic, ir and (1)h nmr. thermal properties and decomposition kinetics of all complexes are investigated. the interpretation, mathematical analyses and evaluation of kinetic parameters of all thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated using coats-redfern ... | 2013 | 23416903 |
| frequency, diagnosis and management of fungal respiratory infections. | this review highlights key recent advances in fungal respiratory infections, encompassing developments in epidemiology, diagnostics and management, focussing on aspergillus, pneumocystis and cryptococcus as key pathogens. | 2013 | 23411576 |
| investigation of aspergillus fumigatus biofilm formation by various "omics" approaches. | in the lung, aspergillus fumigatus usually forms a dense colony of filaments embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix called biofilm (bf). this extracellular matrix embeds and glues hyphae together and protects the fungus from an outside hostile environment. this extracellular matrix is absent in fungal colonies grown under classical liquid shake conditions (pl), which were historically used to understand a. fumigatus pathobiology. recent works have shown that the fungus in this aerial grown ... | 2013 | 23407341 |
| immunological aspects of candida and aspergillus systemic fungal infections. | patients with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (sct) have a high risk of invasive fungal infections (ifis) even after neutrophil regeneration. immunological aspects might play a very important role in the ifi development in these patients. some data are available supporting the identification of high-risk patients with ifi for example patients receiving stem cells from tlr4 haplotype s4 positive donors. key defense mechanisms against ifi include the activation of neutrophils, the phagocytosi ... | 2013 | 23401680 |
| pollen aero allergens and the climate in mediterranean region and allergen sensitivity in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma patients. | we evaluated the profiles of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma patients annually in antalya, a mediterranean coastal city in turkey. | 2013 | 23396359 |
| retroperitoneal aspergilloma. | we report a previously healthy 8-year-old boy who presented to the hospital with a palpable abdominal mass, fever and abdominal pain. ct and mri scans confirmed a large mass that was centered in the retroperitoneum. the lesion was biopsied and the histology showed branching hyphae. tissue cultures grew aspergillus fumigatus and a diagnosis of aspergilloma was made. the immunological work-up did not reveal an immunodeficiency. this case is a unique presentation of aspergilloma presenting in an un ... | 2013 | 23381300 |
| pharmacodynamics and dose-response relationships of liposomal amphotericin b against different azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus isolates in a murine model of disseminated aspergillosis. | the management of invasive aspergillosis (ia) has become more complicated due to the emergence of acquired azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus, which is associated with treatment failure and a mortality rate of 88%. treatment with liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) may be a useful alternative to improve therapeutic outcome in azole-resistant ia. four clinical a. fumigatus isolates obtained from patients with proven ia were studied in a nonneutropenic murine model of infection: a wild-type is ... | 2013 | 23380732 |
| circulating human basophils lack the features of professional antigen presenting cells. | recent reports in mice demonstrate that basophils function as antigen presenting cells (apc). they express mhc class ii and co-stimulatory molecules cd80 and cd86, capture and present soluble antigens or ige-antigen complexes and polarize th2 responses. therefore, we explored whether human circulating basophils possess the features of professional apc. we found that unlike dendritic cells (dc) and monocytes, steady-state circulating human basophils did not express hla-dr and co-stimulatory molec ... | 2013 | 23378919 |
| diagnosis of airway-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by tree-in-bud sign in an immunocompetent patient: case report and literature review. | invasive fungal infections are rare in immunocompetent hosts, and diagnosis may be missed or delayed due to our lack of understanding of the particular clinical signs, disease progression, and treatment outcome. here, we present a case of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis that arose in an immunocompetent and previously healthy patient. the patient presented with a several-week history of remittent high fever, cough, and expectoration. these symptoms were unresponsive to treatments for tuberculosi ... | 2013 | 23375859 |
| renal abscess in hyper-ige syndrome. | kidney disease due to aspergillus fumigatus is a rare finding in hyper-ige syndrome. we report a patient with autosomal dominant hyper-ige syndrome, recurrent pneumonia, and acute necrosuppurative pyelonephritis caused by aspergillus fumigatus with a fatal outcome. we emphasize the severity and the difficulties in the management of renal complications that could be limiting the survival of these patients. | 2013 | 23374820 |
| major variations in aspergillus fumigatus arising within aspergillomas in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. | aspergillomas develop from progressive layers of mycelial growth on the walls of pulmonary cavities over months. aspergillomas are characteristic of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and are a risk factor for azole resistance. we investigated genotypic and phenotypic alterations in aspergillus fumigatus recovered from aspergillomas. aspergillomas were removed from three patients (two at surgery, one at autopsy) and dissected. overall 92 colonies of a. fumigatus were isolated. microsatellite typing ... | 2013 | 23369025 |
| a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-derived iron(iii) complex from the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | small molecules (sms) play central roles as virulence factors of pathogenic fungi and bacteria; however, genomic analyses suggest that the majority of microbial sms have remained uncharacterized. based on microarray analysis followed by comparative metabolomics of overexpression/knockout mutants, we identified a tryptophan-derived iron(iii)-complex, hexadehydro-astechrome (has), as the major product of the cryptic has nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) gene cluster in the human pathogen aspe ... | 2013 | 23360537 |
| prolyl endopeptidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a novel diagnostic biomarker in a guinea pig model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | improved diagnostics are needed to detect invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a life-threatening infection caused by the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. we are investigating secreted fungal proteases as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of this disease. although the a. fumigatus genome encodes a multitude of secreted proteases, few have been experimentally characterized. here, we employed an unbiased combinatorial library of internally quenched fluorogenic probes to detect infection-asso ... | 2013 | 23356446 |
| effects of a defective endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway on the stress response, virulence, and antifungal drug susceptibility of the mold pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. | proteins that are destined for release outside the eukaryotic cell, insertion into the plasma membrane, or delivery to intracellular organelles are processed and folded in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). an imbalance between the level of nascent proteins entering the er and the organelle's ability to manage that load results in the accumulation of unfolded proteins. terminally unfolded proteins are disposed of by er-associated degradation (erad), a pathway that transports the aberrant proteins a ... | 2013 | 23355008 |
| loop engineering of amadoriase ii and mutational cooperativity. | amadori compounds and their cross-linked products have been implicated in diabetic complications and some age-related diseases. fructosyl amine oxidases (faoxs) are a family of enzymes that can cleave the amadori compounds. however, the natural enzymes are only active on small substrates (fructosyl amino acids or dipeptides), which limits the therapeutic and diagnostic applications of these enzymes. in this study, amadoriase ii, a member of the faox family from aspergillus fumigatus was engineer ... | 2013 | 23354448 |
| two functional motifs define the interaction, internalization and toxicity of the cell-penetrating antifungal peptide paf26 on fungal cells. | the synthetic, cell penetrating hexapeptide paf26 (rkkwfw) is antifungal at low micromolar concentrations and has been proposed as a model for cationic, cell-penetrating antifungal peptides. its short amino acid sequence facilitates the analysis of its structure-activity relationships using the fungal models neurospora crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, and human and plant pathogens aspergillus fumigatus and penicillium digitatum, respectively. previously, paf26 at low fungicidal concentration ... | 2013 | 23349973 |
| the asphs gene as a new target for detecting aspergillus fumigatus during infections by quantitative real-time pcr. | invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a serious nosocomial infection caused by aspergillus spp. which has a high mortality rate due to the fact, among other factors, that it is difficult to diagnose. within the aspergillus genus, a. fumigatus is the main species causing ia. we propose a virulence factor, the asphs gene, as a novel target for the specific detection of a. fumigatus by quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr). this target gene encodes a haemolysin, which is overexpressed in vivo during infection ... | 2013 | 23336696 |
| characterization of the major woronin body protein hexa of the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus. | in filamentous fungi, the septal pore controls the exchange between neighbouring hyphal compartments. woronin bodies are fungal-specific organelles that plug the pore in case of physical damage. the hex protein is their major and essential component. hex proteins of different size are predicted in the data base for pathogenic and non-pathogenic aspergillus species. however, using specific monoclonal antibodies, we identified 2 dominant hexa protein species of 20 and 25kda in a. fumigatus, a. ter ... | 2013 | 23332467 |
| differential effects of dexamethasone and itraconazole on aspergillus fumigatus-exacerbated allergic airway inflammation in a murine model of mite-sensitized asthma. | fungal exposure is associated with particularly severe asthma. nevertheless, the effects of anti-fungal treatments on fungus-exacerbated asthma need to be determined. | 2013 | 23327882 |
| effects of u0126 on growth and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in aspergillus fumigatus. | invasive aspergillosis (ia), which is mainly caused by aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. despite considerable progress in currently available antifungals the mortality still remains high in critically ill patients. u0126 which is a highly selective inhibitor of mek1 and mek2 in the raf/mek/erk pathway in mammalian cells has been demonstrated to have an anti-proliferative role in cancer cells. the purpose of this study ... | 2013 | 23324267 |
| exposure of aspergillus fumigatus to caspofungin results in the release, and de novo biosynthesis, of gliotoxin. | caspofungin is a member of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents that inhibit the synthesis of β 1,3 glucan thus disrupting fungal cell wall structure and function. exposure of the aspergillus fumigatus cultures to caspofungin (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 μg/ml) resulted in a reduction in cell growth, but the production of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine toxin, gliotoxin, was comparable, or greater, in cultures exposed to caspofungin than untreated controls. exposure of a. fumigatus hyphae to 1.0 μg/m ... | 2013 | 23323804 |
| filamentous fungal-specific septin aspe is phosphorylated in vivo and interacts with actin, tubulin and other septins in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. | we previously analyzed the differential localization patterns of five septins (aspa-e), including a filamentous fungal-specific septin, aspe, in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. here we utilized the a. fumigatus strain expressing an aspe-egfp fusion protein and show that this novel septin with a tubular localization pattern in hyphae is phosphorylated in vivo and interacts with the other septins, aspa, aspb, aspc and aspd. the other major proteins interacting with aspe included the cyto ... | 2013 | 23321313 |
| extracellular dna release acts as an antifungal resistance mechanism in mature aspergillus fumigatus biofilms. | aspergillus fumigatus has been shown to form biofilms that are associated with adaptive antifungal resistance mechanisms. these include multidrug efflux pumps, heat shock proteins, and extracellular matrix (ecm). ecm is a key structural and protective component of microbial biofilms and in bacteria has been shown to contain extracellular dna (edna). we therefore hypothesized that a. fumigatus biofilms also possess edna as part of the ecm, conferring a functional role. fluorescence microscopy and ... | 2013 | 23314962 |
| aspergillus fumigatus vegetation of a prosthetic aortic root graft with mycotic aneurysm and subarachnoid hemorrhage. | a 58-year-old woman with a history of bentall aortic graft and bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement 3 months prior to admission, presented with headache and fever. imaging yielded a large obstructive filling defect in the ascending aorta, a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and a mycotic aneurysm. intraoperative specimens grew aspergillus fumigatus, and despite aggressive measures the patient died. aspergillus infections of prosthetic vascular grafts are rare surgical complications and are difficult to ... | 2013 | 23312824 |
| bayesian development of a dose-response model for aspergillus fumigatus and invasive aspergillosis. | invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a major cause of mortality in immunocompromized hosts, most often consecutive to the inhalation of spores of aspergillus. however, the relationship between aspergillus concentration in the air and probability of ia is not quantitatively known. in this study, this relationship was examined in a murine model of ia. immunosuppressed balb/c mice were exposed for 60 minutes at day 0 to an aerosol of a. fumigatus spores (af293 strain). at day 10, ia was assessed in mice ... | 2013 | 23311627 |
| bacterial-induced epithelial damage promotes fungal biofilm formation in a sheep model of sinusitis. | fungal biofilms have been discovered in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients, but factors contributing to their establishment are obscure. a recent animal study showed bacterial co-inoculation was required. we examine the role of 4 bacterial species and a cilia toxin on fungal biofilm formation in a sheep sinusitis model. the importance of epithelial integrity on fungal biofilm formation is also examined. | 2013 | 23307805 |
| biosorption properties of cd(ii), pb(ii), and cu(ii) of extracellular polymeric substances (eps) extracted from aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method. | extracellular polymeric substances (eps) were extracted from aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. the eps were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. biosorption of cd(ii), pb(ii), and cu(ii) of eps was investigated as a function of ph using differential pulse polarography and the ruzic model. results showed that the eps biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i = f(c m) or the method proposed b ... | 2013 | 23307100 |
| a th17- and th2-skewed cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis lungs represents a potential risk factor for pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is characterized by progressive pulmonary inflammation that is infection-triggered. pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a risk factor for deterioration of lung function and reduced life expectancy. | 2013 | 23306544 |
| th17/treg imbalance in murine cystic fibrosis is linked to indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase deficiency but corrected by kynurenines. | mutations in the cystic fibrosis (cf) transmembrane conductance regulator affect the innate epithelial immune function of the lung, resulting in exaggerated and ineffective airway inflammation that fails to eradicate pathogenic fungi. the appreciation of whether such fungi are primarily responsible for or a consequence of ineffective airway inflammation is important for future therapeutics development. | 2013 | 23306541 |
| proangiogenic growth factors potentiate in situ angiogenesis and enhance antifungal drug activity in murine invasive aspergillosis. | in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, direct invasion and occlusion of pulmonary vasculature by aspergillus hyphae causes tissue hypoxia, which is enhanced by secreted fungal metabolites that downregulate compensatory angiogenic signaling pathways. we assessed the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) and vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) on survival rates, fungal burden, and in situ angiogenesis in a murine invasive pulmonary aspergillosis model. bfgf and vegf monotherapy sign ... | 2013 | 23303813 |
| evaluation of the in vitro activity of voriconazole as predictive of in vivo outcome in a murine aspergillus fumigatus infection model. | we have evaluated the in vitro activity of voriconazole against 61 strains of aspergillus fumigatus by using broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and minimal fungicidal concentration procedures. we observed an excellent correlation between the results obtained with the three methods. five percent of the strains showed mics greater than or equal to the epidemiological cutoff value (ecv; 1 μg/ml). to assess whether mics were predictive of in vivo outcome, we tested the efficacy of voriconazole at ... | 2013 | 23295918 |
| transcriptomic insights into the oxidative response of stress-exposed aspergillus fumigatus. | nadph-oxidase mediated production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by alveolar macrophages and neutrophils is a critical mechanism for immune defence against aspergillus fumigatus. fungal oxidative stress response includes enzymatic response by superoxide dismutases (sod), catalases, and enzymes from the thioredoxin and glutathione systems, which are regulated by the transcription factor yap1. secondary metabolites are also involved in defense against ros. some of the secondary metabolite cluste ... | 2013 | 23278536 |
| immune response, diagnosis and treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis lung disease. | patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) suffer from chronic infective lung disease, which determines morbidity and mortality. while bacteria, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, are well-known to contribute to pulmonary pathology, the relevance of fungi in cf airways remains poorly understood. the best studied fungus in cf is aspergillus fumigatus, which frequently colonizes cf airways and causes a disease condition termed allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. this review aims to provide an update on ... | 2013 | 23278535 |
| bronchoscopic removal of a large intracavitary pulmonary aspergilloma. | pulmonary aspergilloma is a chronic fungal infection that has a high mortality when hemoptysis occurs. surgery is the treatment of choice, but patients often have severe physiologic impairment putting them at risk for significant surgical morbidity and mortality. we present the case of a 63-year-old woman with a large aspergilloma, unfit for surgery due to medical reasons. the aspergilloma was enlarging, with progression of the patient's symptoms of anorexia, cough, chest discomfort, and hemopty ... | 2013 | 23276848 |
| an unusual case of a pituitary fossa aspergilloma in an immunocompetent patient mimicking infiltrative tumour. | sellar aspergillosis is a rare infection commonly mistaken for a pituitary tumour. we present a rare case of pituitary fossa aspergillus fumigatus mycetoma in an immunocompetent 90-year-old female, who presented with headaches. magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated an enhancing pituitary fossa mass that appeared to infiltrate the sphenoid sinus, suggestive of an invasive tumour. stereotactic trans-sphenoidal resection confirmed localized a. fumigatus infection. the abscess was debrided a ... | 2013 | 24964429 |
| isolation, structure, and biological activity of phaeofungin, a cyclic lipodepsipeptide from a phaeosphaeria sp. using the genome-wide candida albicans fitness test. | phaeofungin (1), a new cyclic depsipeptide isolated from phaeosphaeria sp., was discovered by application of reverse genetics technology, using the candida albicans fitness test (caft). phaeofungin is comprised of seven amino acids and a β,γ-dihydroxy-γ-methylhexadecanoic acid arranged in a 25-membered cyclic depsipeptide. five of the amino acids were assigned with d-configurations. the structure was elucidated by 2d-nmr and hrms-ms analysis of the natural product and its hydrolyzed linear pepti ... | 2013 | 23259972 |
| innate immunity and the role of epithelial barrier during aspergillus fumigatus infection. | fungi are the most important eukaryotic infective agents in europe which largely overpass parasite infections. total number of people dying of fungal infection is increasing and this trend is likely to continue due to the increase in immunosuppressive treatments. the opportunistic pathogen aspergillus fumigatus (af) is a saprophytic filamentous fungus that can cause invasive pulmonary diseases in immuno-compromised hosts. in veterinary medicine aspergillosis is also a recurrent problem since it ... | 2012 | 23255875 |
| clinical significance of filamentous basidiomycetes illustrated by isolates of the novel opportunist ceriporia lacerata from the human respiratory tract. | the filamentous basidiomycete ceriporia lacerata, an agent of white rot on wood, has never been reported in human disease and its clinical significance is not yet known. we describe 4 patients with respiratory diseases where c. lacerata was implicated in a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from saprobic colonization to fungal pneumonia. the isolates did not show the morphological characteristics that facilitate recognition of filamentous basidiomycetes, such as the presence of cla ... | 2013 | 23241374 |
| susceptibility of adult pigeons and hybrid falcons to experimental aspergillosis. | aspergillosis caused by aspergillus fumigatus seems to be more prevalent in some avian species than in others. we compared the development of aspergillosis in 8-month-old gyr-saker hybrid falcons and 8-month-old pigeons after a single intratracheal inoculation of different dosages of a. fumigatus conidia (10(7), 10(5) and 10(3)). clinical signs, including vomiting, discoloration of the urates, loss of appetite and dyspnoea, were observed in four out of five falcons and in four out of five pigeon ... | 2012 | 23237369 |
| the impact of azole resistance on aspergillosis guidelines. | azole resistance in aspergillus species may be on the rise, with significant potential implications for the management of invasive aspergillosis. the main mechanism of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is via alterations of the target enzyme cyp51a. such azole resistance is either primary or secondary (in the setting of prior azole exposure) and can be derived either from single or multiple mutations. irrespective of the amino acid substitution type in cyp51a, azole-resistant aspergillus ... | 2012 | 23231710 |
| the cell biology of the innate immune response to aspergillus fumigatus. | the development of invasive aspergillosis is a feared complication for immunocompromised patients. despite the use of antifungal agents with excellent bioactivity, the morbidity and mortality rates for invasive aspergillosis remain unacceptably high. defects within the innate immune response portend the highest risk for patients, but detailed knowledge of molecular pathways in neutrophils and macrophages in response to this fungal pathogen is lacking. phagocytosis of fungal spores is a key step ... | 2012 | 23230841 |
| the top three areas of basic research on aspergillus fumigatus in 2011. | over 450 peer-reviewed papers containing the keyword aspergillus fumigatus were published in 2011. although this method may be an impossible task, i have selected three clusters of papers describing exciting recent advances in research on a. fumigatus. the first is the novel approach of in vivo imagining of experimental aspergillosis by the use of (68) ga-labeled siderophores, internalized by the fungus, and detected via positron emission tomography to image the site infection. this work may lea ... | 2012 | 23230840 |
| activation of the neutrophil nadph oxidase by aspergillus fumigatus. | upon infection of the respiratory system with the fungus aspergillus fumigatus various leukoctytes, in particular neutrophils, are recruited to the lung to mount an immune response. neutrophils respond by both phagocytosing conidia and mediating extracellular killing of germinated, invasive hyphae. of paramount importance to an appropriate immune response is the neutrophil nadph oxidase enzyme, which mediates the production of various reactive oxygen species (ros). this is evidenced by the acute ... | 2012 | 23230839 |
| pattern recognition receptors and their role in invasive aspergillosis. | pattern recognition receptors (prrs) are germline receptors that recognize conserved structures on microorganisms. several prrs have been identified in the recent years that are involved in the immune response against aspergillus fumigatus. the role of prrs in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis becomes especially apparent in the setting of an immunocompromised status of the host because of the redundancy of many prrs in the host defense against a. fumigatus. studies that investigated the prrs and ... | 2012 | 23230838 |
| protein targets for broad-spectrum mycosis vaccines: quantitative proteomic analysis of aspergillus and coccidioides and comparisons with other fungal pathogens. | aspergillus species are responsible for most cases of fatal mold infections in immunocompromised patients, particularly in those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants. experimental vaccines in mouse models have demonstrated a promising avenue of approach for the prevention of aspergillosis, as well as infections caused by other fungal pathogens, such as coccidioides, the etiological agent of valley fever (coccidioidomycosis). here, we investigated the hyphal proteomes of aspergillus fumi ... | 2012 | 23230836 |
| conservation in aspergillus fumigatus of ph-signaling seven transmembrane domain and arrestin proteins, and implications for drug discovery. | adaptation to extracellular ph is a major challenge to fungal pathogens that infect mammalian hosts. among ph responses mounted by diverse fungal pathogens there is a high degree of molecular conservation. this, coupled with the absence of such signaling pathways in mammalian cells, suggests that this crucial fungal survival mechanism might provide a useful means of limiting a broad spectrum of infectious fungal growth. pacc/rim signaling converts extracellular cues, perceived by the fungal cell ... | 2012 | 23230835 |
| the diverse applications of rna-seq for functional genomic studies in aspergillus fumigatus. | the deep sequencing of an mrna population, rna-seq, is a very successful application of next-generation sequencing technologies (ngsts). rna-seq takes advantage of two key ngst features: (1) samples can be mixtures of different dna pieces, and (2) sequencing provides both qualitative and quantitative information about each dna piece analyzed. we recently used rna-seq to study the transcriptome of aspergillus fumigatus, a deadly human fungal pathogen. analysis of the rna-seq data indicates that t ... | 2012 | 23230834 |
| pyopneumothorax secondary to aspergillus infection: a case report. | a 32 -year- old male presented with complaints of fever, dry cough, breathlessness and right sided chest pain of two months duration. chest radiograph showed right sided hydropneumothorax which revealed frank pus on diagnostic thoracocentesis, for which tube thoracostomy was done. despite vigorous broad spectrum antibiotic coverage, postural drainage and chest physiotherapy, there was no clinical improvement. further work up included serology, pleural fluid culture, closed as well as thoracoscop ... | 2012 | 23226822 |
| orbital apex syndrome due to aspergillosis with subsequent fatal subarachnoid hemorrhage. | orbital apex syndrome has been described previously as a syndrome involving damage to the oculomotor nerve (iii), trochlear nerve (iv), abducens nerve (vi), and ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (v1), in association with optic nerve dysfunction. it may be caused by inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, iatrogenic, or vascular processes. | 2012 | 23226610 |
| discovery of a hape mutation that causes azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus through whole genome sequencing and sexual crossing. | azole compounds are the primary therapy for patients with diseases caused by aspergillus fumigatus. however, prolonged treatment may cause resistance to develop, which is associated with treatment failure. the azole target cyp51a is a hotspot for mutations that confer phenotypic resistance, but in an increasing number of resistant isolates the underlying mechanism remains unknown. here, we report the discovery of a novel resistance mechanism, caused by a mutation in the ccaat-binding transcripti ... | 2012 | 23226235 |
| evolutionary analysis of sequence divergence and diversity of duplicate genes in aspergillus fumigatus. | gene duplication as a major source of novel genetic material plays an important role in evolution. in this study, we focus on duplicate genes in aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous filamentous fungus causing life-threatening human infections. we characterize the extent and evolutionary patterns of the duplicate genes in the genome of a. fumigatus. our results show that a. fumigatus contains a large amount of duplicate genes with pronounced sequence divergence between two copies, and approximatel ... | 2012 | 23225993 |
| aspergillus fumigatus activates thrombocytes by secretion of soluble compounds. | during invasive aspergillosis, platelets might be involved in immune defense, but they also might contribute to the pathology of the disease. we tested the hypothesis that aspergillus secretes factors that influence the activity and functionality of thrombocytes. platelets were incubated with medium wherein aspergillus fumigatus was grown. this fungal culture supernatant potently stimulated thrombocytes in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, inducing release of alpha and dense granules, membrane ... | 2013 | 23225903 |
| hypoxia enhances innate immune activation to aspergillus fumigatus through cell wall modulation. | infection by the human fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus induces hypoxic microenvironments within the lung that can alter the course of fungal pathogenesis. how hypoxic microenvironments shape the composition and immune activating potential of the fungal cell wall remains undefined. herein we demonstrate that hypoxic conditions increase the hyphal cell wall thickness and alter its composition particularly by augmenting total and surface-exposed β-glucan content. in addition, hypoxia-induced ... | 2013 | 23220005 |
| azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus due to tr46/y121f/t289a mutation emerging in belgium, july 2012. | a new azole resistance mechanism in aspergillus fumigatus consisting of a tr46/y121f/t289a alteration in the cyp51a gene was recently described in the netherlands. strains containing these mutations are associated with invasive infection and therapy failure. this communication describes the first case of fatal invasive aspergillosis caused by tr46/y121f/t289a outside the netherlands, in the neighboring country of belgium, suggesting geographical spread. tr46/y121f/t289a leads to a recognisable p ... | 2012 | 23218390 |
| high-level expression of cyp51b in azole-resistant clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates. | resistance to azole antifungal drugs in aspergillus fumigatus that is not mediated by target gene mutations is now common in some locations. the aim of this study was to investigate possible new mechanisms of resistance in non-target resistance. | 2013 | 23208831 |
| enhancement of commercial antifungal agents by kojic acid. | natural compounds that pose no significant medical or environmental side effects are potential sources of antifungal agents, either in their nascent form or as structural backbones for more effective derivatives. kojic acid (ka) is one such compound. it is a natural by-product of fungal fermentation commonly employed by food and cosmetic industries. we show that ka greatly lowers minimum inhibitory (mic) or fungicidal (mfc) concentrations of commercial medicinal and agricultural antifungal agent ... | 2012 | 23203038 |
| isolation of aspergillus fumigatus from sputum is associated with elevated airborne levels in homes of patients with asthma. | indoor bioaerosols, such as mold spores, have been associated with respiratory symptoms in patients with asthma; however, dose-response relationships and guidelines on acceptable levels are lacking. furthermore, a causal link between mold exposure and respiratory infections or asthma remains to be established. the aim of this study was to determine indoor concentrations of aspergillus fumigatus and a subset of clinically relevant fungi in homes of people with asthma, in relation to markers of ai ... | 2013 | 23198683 |
| production of cellulolytic enzymes by aspergillus fumigatus abk9 in wheat bran-rice straw mixed substrate and use of cocktail enzymes for deinking of waste office paper pulp. | response surface methodology was employed to optimize mixed substrate solid state fermentation for the production of cellulases and xylanase by aspergillus fumigatus abk9. among 11 different parameters, fermentation time (86-88 h), medium ph (6.1-6.2), substrate amount (10.0-10.5 g) and substrate ratio (wheat bran:rice straw) (1.1) had significantly influences on enzyme production. under these conditions endoglucanase, β-glucosidase, fpase (filter paper degrading activity) and xylanase activitie ... | 2013 | 23196251 |
| azole resistance in aspergillus: an emerging problem? | reports of aspergillus' azole resistance are emerging, and resistance is now recognised as a cause of treatment failure. the scope of this article is to describe the problem of resistance in aspergillus: the epidemiology, clinical impact and the underlying molecular mechanisms. in patients with acute invasive aspergillosis, the probability that the patient harbours a resistant strain depends on the emergence of resistant strains in the environment (acquired resistance due to cyp51a mutations and ... | 2016 | 23189538 |
| [the importance of bronchoalveolar lavage sample for galactomannan, 1,3-ß-d-glucan and pcr tests]. | opportunistic fungal infections are life threatening especially for immunosuppressed patients. early and accurate diagnosis is very important for the prompt initiation of treatment and to reduce unnecessary use of antifungal drugs. in recent years, efforts providing more rapid and more sensitive diagnosis of invasive fungal infections have been increasing. these methods include detection of fungal antigens, specific antibodies, fungal metabolites and dna in the clinical samples. in this case, we ... | 2012 | 23188584 |
| [accuracy of pcr for the detection of bacterial and fungal dna in the blood and tissue samples of experimentally infected rabbits]. | direct demonstration of bacterial and/or fungal nucleic acids in the clinical samples of patients with blood stream infections is crucial in terms of rapid diagnosis, early and accurate therapy and patient management. this study was aimed to determine the presence of bacteria and fungi by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in the clinical samples of experimental sepsis induced animals, to compare the results with culture and to evaluate the efficiency of pcr in the discrimination of bacteremia and ... | 2012 | 23188578 |
| a conserved c-terminal domain of the aspergillus fumigatus developmental regulator meda is required for nuclear localization, adhesion and virulence. | meda is a developmental regulator that is conserved in the genome of most filamentous fungi. in the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus meda regulates conidiogenesis, adherence to host cells, and pathogenicity. the mechanism by which meda governs these phenotypes remains unknown. although the nuclear import of meda orthologues has been reported in other fungi, no nuclear localization signal, dna-binding domain or other conserved motifs have been identified within meda. in this work, we perfo ... | 2012 | 23185496 |
| in vitro interaction of voriconazole and anidulafungin against triazole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus. | voriconazole is the recommended drug of first choice to treat infections caused by aspergillus fumigatus. the efficacy of voriconazole might be hampered by the emergence of azole resistance. however, the combination of voriconazole with anidulafungin could improve therapeutic outcomes in azole-resistant invasive aspergillosis (ia). the in vitro interaction between voriconazole and anidulafungin was determined against voriconazole-susceptible and voriconazole-resistant (substitutions in the cyp51 ... | 2013 | 23183435 |
| a limited role of inkt cells in controlling systemic candida albicans infections. | candida albicans is a major cause of invasive fungal infections. mortality attributable to candidemia is very high, even when patients are treated with adequate antifungal agents. therefore, it is important to investigate the mechanisms of immune response to c. albicans. invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells, innate lymphocytes that express an invariant t cell receptor α chain, participate in the response to various microbes, including two fungal pathogens, aspergillus fumigatus and cryptococc ... | 2012 | 23183205 |
| interlaboratory and interstudy reproducibility of a novel lateral-flow device and influence of antifungal therapy on detection of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | interest in lateral-flow devices (lfds) as potential point-of-care assays for the diagnosis of infectious diseases has increased. our objective was to evaluate the interlaboratory and interstudy reproducibility and the effects of antifungal therapy on an lfd developed for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) detection. an established neutropenic guinea pig model of ipa caused by aspergillus fumigatus was used. at predetermined time points (1 h and 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation), blood and b ... | 2013 | 23175252 |
| programmed cell death ligand 2 regulates th9 differentiation and induction of chronic airway hyperreactivity. | asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways; however, the underlying physiologic and immunologic processes are not fully understood. | 2013 | 23174661 |
| in vitro activity of calcineurin and heat shock protein 90 inhibitors against aspergillus fumigatus azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. | due to the limited number of antifungals and the emergence of resistance, new therapies against invasive aspergillosis are needed. we show that calcineurin inhibitors are active in vitro against both azole- and echinocandin-resistant aspergillus fumigatus strains. the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) inhibitor geldanamycin had modest activity when used alone, but its combination with caspofungin or tacrolimus (fk506) resulted in fungicidal activity against azole-resistant strains. targeting the hsp ... | 2013 | 23165466 |
| free chlorine inactivation of fungi in drinking water sources. | the effectiveness of free chlorine for the inactivation of fungi present in settled surface water was tested. in addition, free chlorine inactivation rate constants of cladosporium tenuissimum, cladosporium cladosporioides, phoma glomerata, aspergillus terreus, aspergillus fumigatus, penicillium griseofulvum, and penicillium citrinum that were found to occur in different source waters were determined in different water matrices (laboratory grade water and settled water). the effect of using diff ... | 2013 | 23164218 |
| microwave-assisted synthesis of antimicrobial agents based on pyridazine moiety. | an efficient and simple microwave assisted synthesis of sulfonamide derivatives incorporating the pyridazine moiety has been developed. these sulfonamides were used for the preparation of new heterocyclic compounds via reaction with different reagents using a microwave irradiation technique. the structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of ftir, (1)h and (13)c-nmr, mass spectral techniques and elemental analyses. some of the new synthesized compounds were assayed ... | 2013 | 23163720 |
| impaired bactericidal but not fungicidal activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | we examined the qualitative polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn)-associated immune impairment in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) by characterizing phagocytic killing of key non-opsonized bacterial (staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal (candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus) pathogens. neutrophils were collected from 47 non-neutropenic patients with cll (pmn count > 1000/mm(3)) and age-matched and young healthy controls (five each). a subset of patients ... | 2013 | 23163595 |
| current understanding of hog-mapk pathway in aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes lethal systemic invasive aspergillosis. it must be able to adapt to stress in the microenvironment during host invasion and systemic spread. the high-osmolarity glycerol (hog) mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway is a key element that controls adaptation to environmental stress. it plays a critical role in the virulence of several fungal pathogens. in this review, we summarize the current knowled ... | 2013 | 23161019 |
| broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models. | a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ... | 2013 | 23160868 |
| radioiodinated peptide probe for selective detection of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic plaques. | despite the significant effort in developing radioprobes for atherosclerosis, few have low molecular weight. oxidized ldl (oxldl), a highly proinflammatory and proatherogenic factor that is abundant in atherosclerotic plaques, plays a pivotal role in plaque destabilization, which makes oxldl a relevant probe target. we developed a radioiodinated short peptide, ahp7, as a low molecular weight probe for specific oxldl imaging and evaluated its utility using myocardial infarction-prone watanabe her ... | 2013 | 23157986 |
| the interplay between vacuolar and siderophore-mediated iron storage in aspergillus fumigatus. | iron is an essential element for all eukaryotes but its excess has deleterious effects. aspergillus fumigatus produces extracellular siderophores for iron uptake and the intracellular siderophore ferricrocin (fc) for distribution and storage of iron. iron excess has previously been shown to increase the content of ferric fc and the expression of the putative vacuolar iron importer ccca (afua_4g12530), indicating a role of both the vacuole and fc in iron detoxification. in this study, we show tha ... | 2012 | 23151814 |
| posaconazole pharmacodynamic target determination against wild-type and cyp51 mutant isolates of aspergillus fumigatus in an in vivo model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) is a devastating disease of immunocompromised patients. pharmacodynamic (pd) examination of antifungal drug therapy in ipa is one strategy that may improve outcomes. the current study explored the pd target of posaconazole in an immunocompromised murine model of ipa against 10 a. fumigatus isolates, including 4 cyp51 wild-type isolates and 6 isolates carrying cyp51 mutations conferring azole resistance. the posaconazole mic range was 0.25 to 8 mg/liter. fol ... | 2013 | 23147740 |
| the il-36 receptor pathway regulates aspergillus fumigatus-induced th1 and th17 responses. | il-1 drives th responses, particularly th17, in host defense. sharing the same co-receptor, the il-1 family member il-36 exhibits properties similar to those of il-1. in the present study, we investigated the role of il-36 in aspergillus fumigatus-induced human th responses. we observed that different morphological forms of a. fumigatus variably increase steady-state mrna of il-36 subfamily members. il-36α is not significantly induced by any morphological form of aspergillus. most strikingly, il ... | 2013 | 23147407 |
| ketoprofen impairs immunosuppression induced by severe sepsis and reveals an important role for prostaglandin e2. | the mechanism of immunosuppression induced by severe sepsis is not fully understood. the production of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) during sepsis is well known, but its role in long-term consequences of sepsis has not been explored. the current study evaluates the role of pge2 in the development of immunosuppression secondary to sepsis and its potential as therapeutic target. cecal ligation and puncture was used as an experimental model for sepsis induction in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. immunosuppressi ... | 2012 | 23143054 |