| development of dual-function elisa for effective antigen and antibody detection against h7 avian influenza virus. | outbreaks in poultry involving influenza virus from h7 subtype have resulted in human infections, thus causing a major concern for public health, as well as for the poultry industry. currently, no efficient rapid test is available for large-scale detection of either antigen or antibody of h7 avian influenza viruses. | 2013 | 24083616 |
| virological, serological, and antiviral studies in an imported human case of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in taiwan. | we describe the clinical course and virological characteristics of the first h7n9 influenza case in a taiwanese patient; this patient had detectable viruses in the airway for 2 weeks, during which time an oseltamivir resistance-associated r292k mutation rapidly emerged. anti-h7n9 antibody was detected 21 days after onset of symptoms, when h7n9 viral load declined significantly. | 2014 | 24076969 |
| mapping spread and risk of avian influenza a (h7n9) in china. | the outbreak of human infections with an emerging avian influenza a (h7n9) virus occurred in china in early 2013. it remains unknown what and how the underlying risk factors were involved in the bird-to-human cross-species transmission. to illustrate the dynamics of viral spread, we created a thematic map displaying the distribution of affected counties and plotted epidemic curves for the three most affected provinces and the whole country. we then collected data of agro-ecological, environmenta ... | 2013 | 24072008 |
| clinical features and factors associated with outcomes of patients infected with a novel influenza a (h7n9) virus: a preliminary study. | the present study aimed to analyze clinical features and factors associated with treatment outcomes of h7n9 influenza a virus infection. | 2013 | 24069191 |
| measures to combat h7n9 virus infection in china: live poultry purchasing habits, poultry handling, and living conditions increase the risk of exposure to contaminated environments. | from march 31 to may 31, 2013, 132 cases of humans were infected with the h7n9 avian influenza virus, 39 of which resulted in death in china, which sparked global concerns about public health. fortunately, no new case was reported in china since may 8, which seems like to make it step into a stable stage, and the emergency response to the event launched by shanghai, jiangsu, zhejiang, anhui, jiangxi, shandong, and hu'nan of china have been terminated currently. however, on july 20 and august 10, ... | 2013 | 24056166 |
| evolution of influenza a virus h7 and n9 subtypes, eastern asia. | influenza a viruses are a threat to poultry and human health. we investigated evolution of influenza a virus h7 and n9 subtypes in wild and domestic birds. influenza a(h7n9) virus probably emerged after a long silent circulation in live poultry markets in eastern asia. | 2013 | 24050495 |
| safe pseudovirus-based assay for neutralization antibodies against influenza a(h7n9) virus. | serologic studies are urgently needed to assist in understanding an outbreak of influenza a(h7n9) virus. however, a biosafety level 3 laboratory is required for conventional serologic assays with live lethal virus. we describe a safe pseudovirus-based neutralization assay with preliminary assessment using subtype h7n9-infected samples and controls. | 2013 | 24047684 |
| management of the first confirmed case of avian influenza a h7n9. | in march 2013, the first patient infected with the avian influenza a h7n9 virus was identified in china. the infection progressed rapidly, and the patient died of ards. during hospitalization, the patient was suspected of having an infectious respiratory disease, and contingency plans for public health emergencies were promptly started. when the viral infection was identified, strict procedures for disinfection and protection were carried out. none of the health care workers involved in the mana ... | 2014 | 24046465 |
| clinical comparison of one recovered case and one fatal case of human infection with h7n9 avian influenza in shanghai public health clinical center in china. | h7n9 avian influenza is the latest subtype of influenza virus to emerge in the world. by april 17, 2013 in shanghai, a total of 31 confirmed cases were reported, and 11 of these patients died. the epidemiological characteristics and the clinical progress of this new human flu infection are still not clear. thirteen confirmed patients have now been treated in shanghai public health clinical center. among the first batch of patients, hospitalised at the beginning of april 2013, two who were admitt ... | 2013 | 24044000 |
| inactivation of the novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus under physical conditions or chemical agents treatment. | in the spring of 2013, a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus in eastern china emerged causing human infections. concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur were raised. the potential effect of chemical agents and physical conditions on inactivation of the novel avian influenza h7n9 virus had not been assessed. | 2013 | 24034697 |
| neurological manifestation in new emerging h7n9 influenza:an issue in neurology. | the emerging of new h7n9 influenza virus infection in february 2013 brings attention of world health scientists on its possibility to cause worldwide pandemic. the new h7n9 bird flu is a new disease manifesting with acute respiratory features plus additional atypical clinical manifestations. of those atypical clinical features, neurological presentation is an interesting issue. this work presents the summary on evidence on neurological manifestation in new emerging h7n9 influenza. | 2013 | 24030094 |
| novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus attaches to epithelium in both upper and lower respiratory tract of humans. | influenza a viruses from animal reservoirs have the capacity to adapt to humans and cause influenza pandemics. the occurrence of an influenza pandemic requires efficient virus transmission among humans, which is associated with virus attachment to the upper respiratory tract. pandemic severity depends on virus ability to cause pneumonia, which is associated with virus attachment to the lower respiratory tract. recently, a novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus with unknown pandemic potential ... | 2013 | 24029490 |
| [observation of anti-virus therapy in critically ill patients infected with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus]. | | 2013 | 24021049 |
| h7n9 influenza: the emerging infectious disease. | influenza virus infection is a common respiratory pathogen. emerging of new atypical influenza is usually a big public health threat. h7n9 bird flu is the newest atypical influenza virus infection that has just been reported since early 2013. the emerging of this new disease occurred in china and becomes the present focus for possible worldwide pandemic. in this specific article, the author will discus and describe on epidemiology, symptomatology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention ... | 2013 | 24020046 |
| [risk evaluation on h7n9 avian influenza in guangzhou, china]. | we conducted both quick surveillance and evaluation programs within one week after the novel h7n9 influenza cases had been released by the ministry of health (moh), to get the basic information on h7n9 virus in guangzhou. | 2013 | 24016441 |
| [clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the 6 confirmed human cases with novel influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in zhejiang]. | to explore the clinical spectrum, geographic location of human h7n9 avian influenza as well as the characteristics of population at high risk of infection, in order to develop strategies for the prevention and control of the infection. clinical and epidemiological characteristics on the 6 confirmed human cases in zhejiang were also analyzed. | 2013 | 24016431 |
| human infections with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china: preliminary assessments of the age and sex distribution. | | 2017 | 24015363 |
| structures and receptor binding of hemagglutinins from human-infecting h7n9 influenza viruses. | an avian-origin human-infecting influenza (h7n9) virus was recently identified in china. we have evaluated the viral hemagglutinin (ha) receptor-binding properties of two human h7n9 isolates, a/shanghai/1/2013 (sh-h7n9) (containing the avian-signature residue gln(226)) and a/anhui/1/2013 (ah-h7n9) (containing the mammalian-signature residue leu(226)). we found that sh-h7n9 ha preferentially binds the avian receptor analog, whereas ah-h7n9 ha binds both avian and human receptor analogs. furthermo ... | 2013 | 24009358 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of h7n9 avian influenza virus by use of reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | an epidemic of human h7n9 influenza virus infection recently emerged in china whose clinical features include high mortality and which has also resulted in serious economic loss. the novel reassortant avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus which was the causative agent of this epidemic raised the possibility of triggering a large-scale influenza pandemic worldwide. it seemed likely that fast molecular detection assays specific for this virus would be in great demand. here, we report a one-step re ... | 2013 | 24006004 |
| simultaneous detection of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of novel influenza a (h7n9) by duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | a novel reassortant influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged recently in china. in this study, a duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of h7n9 influenza viruses. the sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 10 rna copies per reaction for both ha and na genes. no cross-reactivity was observed with other influenza virus subtypes or respiratory tract viruses. one h ... | 2013 | 24001700 |
| infection of swine ex vivo tissues with avian viruses including h7n9 and correlation with glycomic analysis. | swine have been regarded as intermediate hosts in the spread of influenza from birds to humans but studies of the sialylated glycans that comprise their respiratory tract have not been extensively studied in the past. this study analyzed the sialylated n-glycan and o-glycan profile of swine trachea and lung and correlated this with ex-vivo infection of swine explants with avian influenza viruses. | 2013 | 24001121 |
| a case of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus occurring in the summer season, china. | | 2013 | 23999148 |
| clinical management and infection control of sars: lessons learned. | the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) in 2003 was the first emergence of an important human pathogen in the 21st century. responding to the epidemic provided clinicians with extensive experience in diagnosing and treating a novel respiratory viral disease. in this article, we review the experience of the sars epidemic, focusing on measures taken to identify and isolate patients, prevent the transmission of infection to healthcare workers and develop effective therapies. lesson ... | 2013 | 23994190 |
| erratum: human h7n9 avian influenza virus infection: a review and pandemic risk assessment. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1038/emi.2013.48.]. | 2013 | 26039439 |
| cytokine and chemokine levels in patients infected with the novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china. | h7n9 avian influenza is an emerging viral disease in china caused by avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. we investigated host cytokine and chemokine profiles in serum samples of h7n9 patients by multiplex-microbead immunoassays. statistical analysis showed that ip-10, il-6, il-17, and il-2 were increased in h7n9 infected patients. furthermore, il-6 and the chemokine ip-10 were significantly higher in severe h7n9 patients compared to nonsevere h7n9 cases. we suggest that proinflammatory cytokine resp ... | 2013 | 23990573 |
| relationship between domestic and wild birds in live poultry market and a novel human h7n9 virus in china. | to trace the source of the avian h7n9 viruses, we collected 99 samples from 4 live poultry markets and the family farms of 3 patients in hangzhou city of zhejiang province, china. we found that almost all positive samples came from chickens and ducks in live poultry markets. these results strongly suggest that the live poultry markets are the major source of recent human infections with h7n9 in hangzhou city, zhejiang province of china. therefore, control measures are needed, not only in the dom ... | 2014 | 23990569 |
| clinical and epidemiological survey and analysis of the first case of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou, china. | to investigate and report on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the first case of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou, china. a field epidemiological survey was used to study the first case in hangzhou. the patient was a 39-year-old male chef with a history of exposure to a farm product market and to poultry prior to the onset of disease on 15 march 2013. he had diarrhea, chills, pyrexia, and intermittent cough with freshly red foamy bloody sputum earl ... | 2013 | 23990172 |
| understanding molecular mechanisms of traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of influenza viruses infection by computational approaches. | the battle against influenza is an enduring one. for hundreds of years, people have fought such small viruses with practices such as traditional chinese medicine (tcm), however only recently has it been possible to use cutting-edge technology to investigate their mechanisms. here, we re-created this ancient chinese knowledge to explore the chemistry of herbs and elucidate their mechanism of action using molecular computational methods. our results show that tcm compounds can inhibit influenza vi ... | 2013 | 23986228 |
| human infection with h7n9 virus. | | 2013 | 23984743 |
| human infection with h7n9 virus. | | 2013 | 23984742 |
| human infection with h7n9 virus. | | 2013 | 23984741 |
| detection of influenza h7n9 virus: all molecular tests are not equal. | the recent emergence of influenza a virus (h7n9) emphasizes the need for its rapid detection. while commercial nucleic acid amplification tests (naats) are commonly used to detect seasonal influenza virus, this study demonstrated that the analytical sensitivity of commercial assays is highly variable compared to that of cdc-based in-house naats for the detection of h7n9. | 2013 | 23966485 |
| r292k substitution and drug susceptibility of influenza a(h7n9) viruses. | neuraminidase inhibitors are the only licensed antiviral medications available to treat avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infections in humans. according to a neuraminidase inhibition assay, an r292k substitution reduced antiviral efficacy of inhibitors, especially oseltamivir, and decreased viral fitness in cell culture. monitoring emergence of r292k-carrying viruses using a ph-modified neuraminidase inhibition assay should be considered. | 2013 | 23965618 |
| epidemiological, clinical and viral characteristics of fatal cases of human avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in zhejiang province, china. | the high mortality of avian influenza h7n9 in humans is a cause of great concern in china. | 2013 | 23958687 |
| h7n9 influenza viruses interact preferentially with α2,3-linked sialic acids and bind weakly to α2,6-linked sialic acids. | the recent human outbreak of h7n9 avian influenza a virus has caused worldwide concerns. receptor binding specificity is critical for viral pathogenicity, and still not thoroughly studied for this emerging virus. here, we evaluated the receptor specificity of the haemagglutinin (ha) of two human h7n9 isolates (a/shanghai/1/13 and a/anhui/1/13) through a solid-phase binding assay and a flow cytometry-based assay. in addition, we compared it with those from several has from human and avian influen ... | 2013 | 23950563 |
| inhibition of novel reassortant avian influenza h7n9 virus infection in vitro with three antiviral drugs, oseltamivir, peramivir and favipiravir. | a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus was isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from three patients and was identified as h7n9 in china. antiviral agents are required to treat patients with avian influenza h7n9 virus infection. | 2014 | 23948557 |
| clinical, virological, and histopathological manifestations of fatal human infections by avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. | systematic analysis of histopathological and serial virological changes of fatal influenza a(h7n9) cases is lacking. | 2013 | 23943822 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral-flow device. | a severe disease in humans caused by a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged in china recently, which has caused at least 128 cases and 26 deaths. rapid detection of the novel h7n9 virus is urgently needed to differentiate the disease from other infections, and to facilitate infection control as well as epidemiologic investigations. in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow device (rt-lamp-lfd) assay to rapidly detect ... | 2013 | 23936359 |
| reply to "novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus in the human". | | 2013 | 23933348 |
| novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus in the human. | | 2013 | 23933347 |
| the mouse and ferret models for studying the novel avian-origin human influenza a (h7n9) virus. | the current study was conducted to establish animal models (including mouse and ferret) for the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza virus. | 2013 | 23927489 |
| probable person to person transmission of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in eastern china, 2013: epidemiological investigation. | to determine whether the novel avian influenza h7n9 virus can transmit from person to person and its efficiency. | 2013 | 23920350 |
| [a review of h7 subtype avian influenza virus]. | since 2002, h7 subtype avian influenza viruses (aivs) have caused more than 100 human infection cases in the netherlands, italy, canada, the united states, and the united kingdom, with clinical illness ranging from conjunctivitis to mild upper respiratory illness to pneumonia. on march 31st, three fatal cases caused by infection of a novel reassortant h7n9 subtype were reported in shanghai city and anhui province in china. with the ability of h7 subtype to cause severe human disease and the incr ... | 2013 | 23905466 |
| rapidly produced sam(®) vaccine against h7n9 influenza is immunogenic in mice. | the timing of vaccine availability is essential for an effective response to pandemic influenza. in 2009, vaccine became available after the disease peak, and this has motivated the development of next generation vaccine technologies for more rapid responses. the sam(®) vaccine platform, now in pre-clinical development, is based on a synthetic, self-amplifying mrna, delivered by a synthetic lipid nanoparticle (lnp). when used to express seasonal influenza hemagglutinin (ha), a sam vaccine elicit ... | 2013 | 26038486 |
| infection of inbred balb/c and c57bl/6 and outbred institute of cancer research mice with the emerging h7n9 avian influenza virus. | a new avian-origin influenza virus a (h7n9) recently crossed the species barrier and infected humans; therefore, there is an urgent need to establish mammalian animal models for studying the pathogenic mechanism of this strain and the immunological response. in this study, we attempted to develop mouse models of h7n9 infection because mice are traditionally the most convenient models for studying influenza viruses. we showed that the novel a (h7n9) virus isolated from a patient could infect inbr ... | 2013 | 26038485 |
| towards a better understanding of the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus in china. | recently, a highly dangerous bird flu has infected over 130 patients in china, and the outbreak was attributed to a novel avian-origin h7n9 virus. here, we performed a systematic analysis of the virus. we clarified the controversial viewpoint on neuraminidase (na) origin and confirmed it was reassorted from korean wild birds with higher confidence, whereas common ancestors of pathogenic h7n9 genes existed only one or two years ago. further analysis of na sequences suggested that most variations ... | 2013 | 23897131 |
| [origin and the recombinant model of h7n9 virus prevailing in china]. | to investigate the origin and the recombinant model of h7n9 virus prevailing in china by sequence analysis. | 2013 | 23895844 |
| compiling of comprehensive data of human infections with novel influenza a (h7n9) virus. | | 2013 | 23888377 |
| monitoring avian influenza a(h7n9) virus through national influenza-like illness surveillance, china. | in china during march 4-april 28, 2013, avian influenza a(h7n9) virus testing was performed on 20,739 specimens from patients with influenza-like illness in 10 provinces with confirmed human cases: 6 (0.03%) were positive, and increased numbers of unsubtypeable influenza-positive specimens were not seen. careful monitoring and rapid characterization of influenza a(h7n9) and other influenza viruses remain critical. | 2013 | 23879887 |
| estimating human cases of avian influenza a(h7n9) from poultry exposure. | in march 2013 an outbreak of avian influenza a(h7n9) was first recognized in china. to date there have been 130 cases in human, 47% of which are in men over the age of 55.the influenza strain is a novel subtype not seen before in humans; little is known about zoonotic transmission of the virus, but it is hypothesized that contact with poultry in live bird markets may be a source of exposure. the purpose of this study is to estimate the transmissibility of the virus from poultry to humans by esti ... | 2013 | 23873126 |
| h7n9 influenza viruses are transmissible in ferrets by respiratory droplet. | a newly emerged h7n9 virus has caused 132 human infections with 37 deaths in china since 18 february 2013. control measures in h7n9 virus-positive live poultry markets have reduced the number of infections; however, the character of the virus, including its pandemic potential, remains largely unknown. we systematically analyzed h7n9 viruses isolated from birds and humans. the viruses were genetically closely related and bound to human airway receptors; some also maintained the ability to bind to ... | 2013 | 23868922 |
| research on an infectious disease transmission by flocking birds. | the swarm intelligence is becoming a hot topic. the flocking of birds is a natural phenomenon, which is formed and organized without central or external controls for some benefits (e.g., reduction of energy consummation). however, the flocking also has some negative effects on the human, as the infectious disease h7n9 will easily be transmited from the denser flocking birds to the human. zombie-city model has been proposed to help analyzing and modeling the flocking birds and the artificial soci ... | 2013 | 23864820 |
| resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors conferred by an r292k mutation in a human influenza virus h7n9 isolate can be masked by a mixed r/k viral population. | we characterized the a/shanghai/1/2013 virus isolated from the first confirmed human case of a/h7n9 disease in china. the a/shanghai/1/2013 isolate contained a mixed population of r (65%; 15/23 clones) and k (35%; 8/23 clones) at neuraminidase (na) residue 292, as determined by clonal sequencing. a/shanghai/1/2013 with mixed r/k at residue 292 exhibited a phenotype that is sensitive to zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate by the enzyme-based na inhibition assay. the plaque-purified a/shanghai/1 ... | 2013 | 23860768 |
| deaths associated with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china. | | 2013 | 23856693 |
| inferring the potential risks of h7n9 infection by spatiotemporally characterizing bird migration and poultry distribution in eastern china. | in view of the rapid geographic spread and the increasing number of confirmed cases of novel influenza a(h7n9) virus infections in eastern china, we developed a diffusion model to spatiotemporally characterize the impacts of bird migration and poultry distribution on the geographic spread of h7n9 infection. | 2013 | 23849083 |
| h7n9 avian influenza a virus and the perpetual challenge of potential human pandemicity. | abstract the ongoing h7n9 influenza epizootic in china once again presents us questions about the origin of pandemics and how to recognize them in early stages of development. over the past ~135 years, h7 influenza viruses have neither caused pandemics nor been recognized as having undergone human adaptation. yet several unusual properties of these viruses, including their poultry epizootic potential, mammalian adaptation, and atypical clinical syndromes in rarely infected humans, suggest that t ... | 2013 | 23839219 |
| public perceptions and reactions to h7n9 in mainland china. | h7n9 poses major challenges for chinese society. early examination of public reactions to threat is critical for framing appropriate public health responses. we investigate initial beliefs about the disease, knowledge, media use, anxiety, and behavioural responses to h7n9 methods: randomly selected participants (n = 637) from mainland china completed an online questionnaire 3 weeks after the first case (response rate 92%). items assessed risk representations and communications, personal values, ... | 2013 | 23834972 |
| case-control study of risk factors for human infection with influenza a(h7n9) virus in jiangsu province, china, 2013. | we describe a case-control study performed in jiangsu, china, to evaluate risk factors for human infection with novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. twenty-five cases and 93 controls matched by age, sex, and location were included in the study. direct contact with poultry or birds in the two weeks before illness onset, chronic medical conditions (hypertension excluded), and environment-related exposures were significantly associated with a(h7n9) infection. | 2013 | 23827526 |
| biological features of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | human infection associated with a novel reassortant avian influenza h7n9 virus has recently been identified in china. a total of 132 confirmed cases and 39 deaths have been reported. most patients presented with severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. although the first epidemic has subsided, the presence of a natural reservoir and the disease severity highlight the need to evaluate its risk on human public health and to understand the possible pathogenesis mechanism. here we s ... | 2013 | 23823727 |
| emerging h7n9 influenza a (novel reassortant avian-origin) pneumonia: radiologic findings. | to determine the radiologic findings of human infection with a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza a h7n9 virus in march 2013, the first outbreak in humans. | 2013 | 23821754 |
| substitution rates of the internal genes in the novel avian h7n9 influenza virus. | | 2013 | 23821733 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza a(h7n9) virus causes high mortality in ferrets upon intratracheal challenge: a model to study intervention strategies. | infections with low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) a(h7n9) viruses have caused more than 100 hospitalized human cases of severe influenza in china since february 2013 with a case fatality rate exceeding 25%. most of these human infections presented with severe viral pneumonia, while limited information is available currently on the occurrence of mild and subclinical cases. in the present study, a ferret model for this virus infection in humans is presented to evaluate the pathogenesis of the ... | 2013 | 23816392 |
| deadly h7n9 influenza virus: a pandemic in the making or a warning lesson? | | 2013 | 23815712 |
| mild infection of a novel h7n9 avian influenza virus in children in shanghai. | | 2013 | 26038475 |
| low immunogenicity predicted for emerging avian-origin h7n9: implication for influenza vaccine design. | a new avian-origin influenza virus emerged near shanghai in february 2013, and by the beginning of may it had caused over 130 human infections and 36 deaths. human-to-human transmission of avian-origin h7n9 influenza a has been limited to a few family clusters, but the high mortality rate (27%) associated with human infection has raised concern about the potential for this virus to become a significant human pathogen. european, american, and asian vaccine companies have already initiated the pro ... | 2013 | 23807079 |
| human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus: an assessment of clinical severity. | characterisation of the severity profile of human infections with influenza viruses of animal origin is a part of pandemic risk assessment, and an important part of the assessment of disease epidemiology. our objective was to assess the clinical severity of human infections with avian influenza a h7n9 virus, which emerged in china in early 2013. | 2013 | 23803487 |
| [a limited understanding of hazard of influenza a virus subtype h7n9 in children]. | since the first human case of influenza a virus subtype h7n9 was reported in shanghai, china in march 2013, there have been two h7n9-infected children and one healthy h7n9 carrier. with a brief introduction to the basic information of the three children, this paper discusses the variation of avian influenza virus by referring to the literature, suggests that human-to-human transmission is not confirmed in the small outbreak, and reviews the measures for preventing and treating h7n9 infection in ... | 2013 | 23791050 |
| [virological characteristics of avian influenza a h7n9 virus]. | from february 2013, a novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus causing human infection with fatal outcomes has been identified in eastern china. this avian influenza a h7n9 virus is a triple reassortant of viruses that are avian-origin only and it is low pathogenic in poultry. several characteristic amino acid mutations in ha and pb2 polymerase subunit (including g186v, q226l and e627k substitution) have been found through sequence analysis, and these mutations probably facilitate binding to human-typ ... | 2013 | 23791049 |
| emergence of a new strain of the avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | | 2013 | 23790731 |
| rapid reassortment of internal genes in avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. | | 2013 | 23788242 |
| what clinicians should know to fight against the novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus? | | 2013 | 23786926 |
| the h7n9 influenza virus in china--changes since sars. | | 2013 | 23782176 |
| avian influenza a (h7n9) virus: can it help us more objectively judge all respiratory viruses? | | 2013 | 23773628 |
| clinical findings for early human cases of influenza a(h7n9) virus infection, shanghai, china. | a novel strain of influenza a(h7n9) virus has emerged in china and is causing mild to severe clinical symptoms in infected humans. some case-patients have died. to further knowledge of this virus, we report the characteristics and clinical histories of 4 early case-patients. | 2013 | 23769184 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infections, shanghai, china. | | 2013 | 23769147 |
| the first avian influenza a (h7n9) viral infection in humans in zhejiang province, china: a death report. | this study reports the first death caused by a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in zhejiang province, china. the patient had chronic hepatitis b and history of exposure to poultry. the patient initially complained of diarrhea and influenza-like symptoms on march 7 and 14 respectively. the disease progressed to severe pneumonia, sustained hypoxia, and coagulation abnormalities. the patient died on march 27 because of respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, and disseminated intravascular ... | 2013 | 23757033 |
| glycan receptor binding of the influenza a virus h7n9 hemagglutinin. | the advent of h7n9 in early 2013 is of concern for a number of reasons, including its capability to infect humans, the lack of clarity in the etiology of infection, and because the human population does not have pre-existing immunity to the h7 subtype. earlier sequence analyses of h7n9 hemagglutinin (ha) point to amino acid changes that predicted human receptor binding and impinge on the antigenic characteristics of the ha. here, we report that the h7n9 ha shows limited binding to human receptor ... | 2013 | 23746830 |
| is avian influenza a (h7n9) virus staggering its way to humans? | human infections by a new avian influenza a (h7n9) virus have been reported. as of april 23, 2013, there were 108 confirmed cases including 22 deaths in china. | 2013 | 23742902 |
| taiwan faces challenges on the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in china. | | 2013 | 23742900 |
| [nursing experience for patients with severe h7n9 bird flu virus in critical care unit]. | | 2013 | 23739576 |
| lessons learnt from the human infections of avian-origin influenza a h7n9 virus: live free markets and human health. | | 2013 | 23737001 |
| association between adverse clinical outcome in human disease caused by novel influenza a h7n9 virus and sustained viral shedding and emergence of antiviral resistance. | on march 30, a novel influenza a subtype h7n9 virus (a/h7n9) was detected in patients with severe respiratory disease in eastern china. virological factors associated with a poor clinical outcome for this virus remain unclear. we quantified the viral load and analysed antiviral resistance mutations in specimens from patients with a/h7n9. | 2013 | 23726392 |
| a comparison of rapid point-of-care tests for the detection of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, 2013. | | 2013 | 23725980 |
| outbreak with a novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china--scenarios and triggers for assessing risks and planning responses in the european union, may 2013. | as part of the risk assessment and strategic planning related to the emergence of avian influenza a(h7n9) in china the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) has considered two major scenarios. the current situation is the one of a zoonotic epidemic (scenario a) in which the virus might be transmitted sporadically to humans in close contact with an animal reservoir. the second scenario is the movement towards efficient human to human transmission (a pandemic scenario b). we id ... | 2013 | 23725867 |
| epidemiological link between exposure to poultry and all influenza a(h7n9) confirmed cases in huzhou city, china, march to may 2013. | we analysed the association between influenza a(h7n9) confirmed cases and exposure to poultry in huzhou city, china. all cases (n=12) had a history of direct exposure to poultry or live poultry markets. we detected a(h7n9)-positive poultry samples from each site that was epidemiologically associated with cases. none of the cases’ close contacts tested positive. after closure of the markets, no new cases were identified, suggesting an epidemiological link between poultry exposure and a(h7n9) viru ... | 2013 | 23725866 |
| surveillance of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in humans and detection of the first imported human case in taiwan, 3 april to 10 may 2013. | on 3 april 2013, suspected and confirmed cases of influenza a(h7n9) virus infection became notifiable in the primary care sector in taiwan, and detection of the virus became part of the surveillance of severe community-acquired pneumonia. on 24 april, the first imported case, reported through both surveillance systems, was confirmed in a man returning from china by sequencing from endotracheal aspirates after two negative throat swabs. three of 139 contacts were ill and tested influenza a(h7n9)- ... | 2013 | 23725865 |
| risk assessment on the epidemics of human infection with a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in jiangsu province, china. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was discovered in february 2013 in china and has resulted in more than 100 comfirmed human infections including 26 fatal cases as of may 2, 2013. the situation raises many urgent questions and global public health concerns. in this study, epidemiologic characteristics of infected human cases in jiangsu province were analyzed and risk assessment was undertaken based on the information available. briefly, it is highly unlikely that a pandemic of human infecti ... | 2013 | 23720670 |
| adapting global influenza management strategies to address emerging viruses. | death by respiratory complications from influenza infections continues to be a major global health concern. antiviral drugs are widely available for therapy and prophylaxis, but viral mutations have resulted in resistance that threatens to reduce the long-term utility of approved antivirals. vaccination is the best method for controlling influenza, but vaccine strategies are blunted by virus antigenic drift and shift. genetic shift in particular has led to four pandemics in the last century, whi ... | 2013 | 23709619 |
| avian influenza a (h7n9) infections: intensivists as virus hunters in the new century. | | 2013 | 23706866 |
| infectivity, transmission, and pathology of human-isolated h7n9 influenza virus in ferrets and pigs. | the emergence of the h7n9 influenza virus in humans in eastern china has raised concerns that a new influenza pandemic could occur. here, we used a ferret model to evaluate the infectivity and transmissibility of a/shanghai/2/2013 (sh2), a human h7n9 virus isolate. this virus replicated in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the ferrets and was shed at high titers for 6 to 7 days, with ferrets showing relatively mild clinical signs. sh2 was efficiently transmitted between ferrets via direc ... | 2013 | 23704376 |
| induction of cross-reactive antibodies to novel h7n9 influenza virus by recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a north american lineage h7 subtype hemagglutinin. | severe human disease caused by the emerging h7n9 influenza virus in china warrants a rapid response. here, we present a recombinant newcastle disease virus expressing a north american lineage h7 influenza virus hemagglutinin. sera from immunized mice were cross-reactive to a broad range of h7 subtype viruses and inhibited hemagglutination by the novel h7 hemagglutinin. immunized mice were protected against a heterologous h7 subtype challenge, and genetic analysis suggested that cross-protective ... | 2013 | 23698299 |
| live-animal markets and influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | | 2013 | 23697471 |
| clinical findings in 111 cases of influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | during the spring of 2013, a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus emerged and spread among humans in china. data were lacking on the clinical characteristics of the infections caused by this virus. | 2013 | 23697469 |
| birds of ill omen--is h7n9 the harbinger of the next pandemic? | in february 2013, a novel avian virus appeared in humans in china and caused several fatalities since. the rapidity and efficiency of the organizations in charge led to the quick identification of h7n9 and the triggering of preventive measures. however, the sequencing of the viral genome holds good and bad news and it is not clear yet if we face an emerging pandemic. | 2013 | 23688529 |
| population-level antibody estimates to novel influenza a/h7n9. | there are no contemporary data available describing human immunity to novel influenza a/h7n9. using 1723 prospectively collected serum samples in southern vietnam, we tested for antibodies to 5 avian influenza virus antigens, using a protein microarray. general-population antibody titers against subtype h7 virus are higher than antibody titers against subtype h5 and lower than titers against h9. the highest titers were observed for human influenza virus subtypes. titers to avian influenza virus ... | 2013 | 23687225 |
| molecular detection of human h7n9 influenza a virus causing outbreaks in china. | a novel subtype of influenza a virus (h7n9) was recently identified in humans. the virus is a reassortant of avian viruses, but these human isolates contain mutations [hemagglutinin (ha) q226l and pb2 e627k] that might make it easier for the virus to adapt to mammalian hosts. molecular tests for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed. | 2013 | 23665848 |
| environmental connections of novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza virus infection and virus adaptation to the human. | a novel h7n9 influenza a virus has been discovered as the causative identity of the emerging acute respiratory infection cases in shanghai, china. this virus has also been identified in cases of infection in the neighboring area hangzhou city in zhejiang province. in this study, epidemiologic, clinical, and virological data from three patients in hangzhou who were confirmed to be infected by the novel h7n9 influenza a virus were collected and analyzed. human respiratory specimens and chicken fec ... | 2013 | 23657795 |
| emergence of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus causing severe human illness - china, february-april 2013. | on march 29, 2013, the chinese center for disease control and prevention completed laboratory confirmation of three human infections with an avian influenza a(h7n9) virus not previously reported in humans. these infections were reported to the world health organization (who) on march 31, 2013, in accordance with international health regulations. the cases involved two adults in shanghai and one in anhui province. all three patients had severe pneumonia, developed acute respiratory distress syndr ... | 2013 | 23657113 |
| an overview of the recent outbreaks of the avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus in the human. | since the first human infection with influenza a (h7n9) viruses have been identified in shanghai on march 31, 2013, the latest variant of the avian flu virus has spread across four chinese provinces recently. human infections with avian influenza are rare and this is the first time that human infection with a low pathogenic avian influenza a virus has been associated with fatal outcome. to date (may 5(th), 2013), china had reported 128 confirmed h7n9 infections in human, among 27 died. most repo ... | 2013 | 23651506 |
| evolutionary characteristics of a/hangzhou/1/2013 and source of avian influenza virus h7n9 subtype in china. | | 2013 | 23650290 |