| critical role of tlr4 in human metapneumovirus mediated innate immune responses and disease pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is one of the main causes of acute respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. the mammalian toll-like receptors (tlr) were identified as critical regulators of innate immunity to a variety of microbes, including viruses. we have recently shown that hmpv-induced cytokine, chemokine and type i interferon secretion in dendritic cells occurs via tlr4, however, its role in hmpv-induced disease is unknown. in this study, wild-type(wt) ... | 2013 | 24205331 |
| etiology and incidence of viral and bacterial acute respiratory illness among older children and adults in rural western kenya, 2007-2010. | few comprehensive data exist on disease incidence for specific etiologies of acute respiratory illness (ari) in older children and adults in africa. | 2012 | 22937071 |
| surveillance for hospitalized acute respiratory infection in guatemala. | acute respiratory infections (ari) are an important cause of illness and death worldwide, yet data on the etiology of ari and the population-level burden in developing countries are limited. surveillance for ari was conducted at two hospitals in guatemala. patients admitted with at least one sign of acute infection and one sign or symptom of respiratory illness met the criteria for a case of hospitalized ari. nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested by polymerase chain reacti ... | 2013 | 24391792 |
| viral etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adolescents and adults with mild or moderate severity and its relation to age and severity. | better knowledge of distribution of respiratory viruses (rvs) in adolescents and adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is needed. | 2015 | 25812108 |
| etiology of influenza-like illnesses from sentinel network practitioners in réunion island, 2011-2012. | in réunion island, despite an influenza surveillance established since 1996 by the sentinel general practitioner's network, little is known about the etiology of influenza like-illness (ili) that differs from influenza viruses in a tropical area. we set up a retrospective study using nasal swabs collected by sentinel gps from ili patients in 2011 and 2012. a total of 250 swabs were randomly selected and analyzed by multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) including rese ... | 2016 | 27654509 |
| prevalence and seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses during the 2014 - 2015 season in istanbul. | acute respiratory tract infection (arti) is one of the most common infections worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. | 2016 | 27800148 |
| clinical evaluation of the new high-throughput luminex nxtag respiratory pathogen panel assay for multiplex respiratory pathogen detection. | a broad range of viral and bacterial pathogens can cause acute respiratory tract infection. for rapid detection of a broad respiratory pathogen spectrum, multiplex real-time pcr is ideal. this study evaluated the performance of the new luminex nxtag respiratory pathogen panel (nxtag-rpp) in comparison with the biofire filmarray respiratory panel (fa-rp) or singleplex real-time pcr as reference. a total of 284 clinical respiratory specimens and 3 influenza a/h7n9 viral culture samples were tested ... | 2016 | 27122380 |
| analysis of viral load in children infected with human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory pathogen responsible for disease and subsequent hospitalizations in young children around the world. the disease pathology, including how viral load correlates with respiratory disease severity, remains unclear. this study investigated the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of hmpv infections. | 2010 | 23056737 |
| human metapneumovirus infections on the icu: a report of three cases. | although human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is primarily known as a causative agent of respiratory tract infections in children, the virus also can cause respiratory infections in adults. hmpv infections tend to be mild and are self-limiting, but the infections can be severe in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. because hmpv infection is quite common, it should be considered in every patient with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (icu). we describe three adult patients, including ... | 2012 | 22812412 |
| polymicrobial acute respiratory infections in a hospital-based pediatric population. | the clinical impact of polymicrobial respiratory infections remains uncertain. previous reports are contradictory regarding an association with severe disease. | 2013 | 23348811 |
| severe respiratory failure due to co-infection with human metapneumovirus and streptococcus pneumoniae. | a 64-year-old male patient was admitted with respiratory failure, although chest x-rays revealed only mild bronchiolitis. streptococcus pneumoniae, which usually presents as massive lobular pneumonia, was isolated from sputum, however, pan-pathogen screening using a next-generation sequencer also detected human metapneumovirus genome fragments. | 2014 | 26029528 |
| incidence and etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children younger than 5 years in rural thailand. | pneumonia remains a leading cause of under-five morbidity and mortality globally. comprehensive incidence, epidemiologic and etiologic data are needed to update prevention and control strategies. | 2014 | 24030346 |
| respiratory microbes present in the nasopharynx of children hospitalised with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in cape town, south africa. | lower respiratory tract infection in children is increasingly thought to be polymicrobial in origin. children with symptoms suggestive of pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) may have tuberculosis, other respiratory tract infections or co-infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogens. we aimed to identify the presence of potential respiratory pathogens in nasopharyngeal (np) samples from children with suspected ptb. | 2016 | 27776489 |
| are respiratory viruses involved in preseasonal symptoms or severity in japanese cedar pollinosis? | respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. however, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and japanese cedar pollinosis. | 2016 | 27658182 |
| clinical epidemiology of bocavirus, rhinovirus, two polyomaviruses and four coronaviruses in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected south african children. | advances in molecular diagnostics have implicated newly-discovered respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of pneumonia. we aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov), human rhinovirus (hrv), polyomavirus-wu (wupyv) and -ki (kipyv) and human coronaviruses (cov)-oc43, -nl63, -hku1 and -229e among children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti). | 2014 | 24498274 |
| human metapneumovirus is capable of entering cells by fusion with endosomal membranes. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a member of the paramyxoviridae family, is a leading cause of lower respiratory illness. although receptor binding is thought to initiate fusion at the plasma membrane for paramyxoviruses, the entry mechanism for hmpv is largely uncharacterized. here we sought to determine whether hmpv initiates fusion at the plasma membrane or following internalization. to study the hmpv entry process in human bronchial epithelial (beas-2b) cells, we used fluorescence microscopy, a ... | 2015 | 26629703 |
| respiratory virus detection in immunocompromised patients with filmarray respiratory panel compared to conventional methods. | respiratory virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. timely diagnosis is needed to provide optimal clinical care. diagnostic tests routinely available at most institutions are limited by poor sensitivity and a slow turnaround time. we collected 90 respiratory samples from 87 immunocompromised patients (56 bronchoalveolar lavage and 34 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples) in order to compare the performance of routine respiratory virus testing availabl ... | 2012 | 22814461 |
| comparison of the luminex xtag rvp fast assay and the idaho technology filmarray rp assay for detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric patients at a cancer hospital. | respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as serious causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. the rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory viruses is essential for the early diagnosis and administration of appropriate antiviral therapy, as well as for the effective implementation of infection control measures. we compared the performance of two commercial assays, xtag rvp fast (luminex diagnostics, toronto, canada) and filmarray rvp (fa rvp; idaho technology, sa ... | 2012 | 22518855 |
| prospective evaluation for respiratory pathogens in children with sickle cell disease and acute respiratory illness. | human rhinovirus (hrv), human coronavirus (hcov), human bocavirus (hbov), and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infections in children with sickle cell disease have not been well studied. | 2013 | 24123899 |
| comparison of the filmarray rp, verigene rv+, and prodesse proflu+/fast+ multiplex platforms for detection of influenza viruses in clinical samples from the 2011-2012 influenza season in belgium. | respiratory tract infections (rtis) are caused by a plethora of viral and bacterial pathogens. in particular, lower rtis are a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. timely detection of the infecting respiratory pathogens is crucial to optimize treatment and care. in this study, three u.s. food and drug administration-approved molecular multiplex platforms (prodesse proflu+/fast+, filmarray rp, and verigene rv+) were evaluated for influenza virus detection in 171 clinical samples collec ... | 2013 | 23824777 |
| human metapneumovirus infections are associated with severe morbidity in hospitalized children of all ages. | the impact of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) in children aged >5 years and the risk factors associated with disease severity for all ages have not been well characterized. a retrospective cohort study of 238 children aged 0–15 years hospitalized over a 3-year period was performed. medical records were reviewed for demographic information, clinical parameters and outcomes. multivariable analyses were performed to identify independent factors associated with worse disease severity assessed by length ... | 2013 | 23290557 |
| the role of multiplex pcr in respiratory tract infections in children. | infants, toddlers, and children of primary-school age without any special risk factors generally have three to ten febrile respiratory infections per year. most such infections are of viral origin and self-limiting, but viral infection is often hard to distinguish from bacterial infection. the use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect viruses in respiratory secretions is potentially beneficial, as it might help physicians avoid giving antibiotics unnecessarily. | 2014 | 25316519 |
| comparison of respiratory virus shedding by conventional and molecular testing methods in patients with haematological malignancy. | respiratory viruses (rv) are a leading cause of infection-related morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing treatment for cancer. this analysis compared duration of rv shedding as detected by culture and pcr among patients in a high-risk oncology setting (adult patients with haematological malignancy and/or stem cell transplant and all paediatric oncology patients) and determined risk factors for extended shedding. rv infections due to influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (piv), human meta ... | 2015 | 26711433 |
| cytokine profiles in human metapneumovirus infected children: identification of genes involved in the antiviral response and pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes severe airway infection in children that may be caused by an unfavorable immune response. the nature of the innate immune response to hmpv in naturally occurring infections in children is largely undescribed, and it is unknown if inflammasome activation is implicated in disease pathogenesis. we examined nasopharynx aspirates and blood samples from hmpv-infected children without detectable co-infections. the expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes were m ... | 2016 | 27171557 |
| roles of the putative integrin-binding motif of the human metapneumovirus fusion (f) protein in cell-cell fusion, viral infectivity, and pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a relatively recently identified paramyxovirus that causes acute upper and lower respiratory tract infection. entry of hmpv is unusual among the paramyxoviruses, in that fusion is accomplished by the fusion (f) protein without the attachment glycoprotein (g protein). it has been suggested that hmpv f protein utilizes integrin αvβ1 as a cellular receptor. consistent with this, the f proteins of all known hmpv strains possess an integrin-binding motif ((329)rgd(331) ... | 2014 | 24478423 |
| clinical significance of human metapneumovirus in refractory status epilepticus and encephalitis: case report and review of the literature. | encephalitis is a complex neurological disease that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and the etiology of the disease is often not identified. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children. few reports are available showing possible involvement of hmpv in development of neurologic complications. here, we describe an infant, the youngest case in literature, with refractory status epilepticus and severe encephalitis ... | 2015 | 26664779 |
| rational design of human metapneumovirus live attenuated vaccine candidates by inhibiting viral mrna cap methyltransferase. | the paramyxoviruses human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are responsible for the majority of pediatric respiratory diseases and inflict significant economic loss, health care costs, and emotional burdens. despite major efforts, there are no vaccines available for these viruses. the conserved region vi (cr vi) of the large (l) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (mtase) activities that t ... | 2014 | 25056882 |
| methyltransferase-defective avian metapneumovirus vaccines provide complete protection against challenge with the homologous colorado strain and the heterologous minnesota strain. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. since its discovery in the 1970s, ampv has been recognized as an economically important pathogen in the poultry industry worldwide. the conserved region vi (cr vi) of the large (l) polymerase proteins of paramyxoviruses catalyzes methyltransferase (mtase) activities that typically methylate viral ... | 2014 | 25122790 |
| the c-terminal tail of trim56 dictates antiviral restriction of influenza a and b viruses by impeding viral rna synthesis. | accumulating data suggest that tripartite-motif-containing (trim) proteins participate in host responses to viral infections, either by acting as direct antiviral restriction factors or through regulating innate immune signaling of the host. of >70 trims, trim56 is a restriction factor of several positive-strand rna viruses, including three members of the family flaviviridae(yellow fever virus, dengue virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus) and a human coronavirus (oc43), and this ability invari ... | 2016 | 26889027 |
| x-ray structure and activities of an essential mononegavirales l-protein domain. | the l protein of mononegaviruses harbours all catalytic activities for genome replication and transcription. it contains six conserved domains (cr-i to -vi; fig. 1a). cr-iii has been linked to polymerase and polyadenylation activity, cr-v to mrna capping and cr-vi to cap methylation. however, how these activities are choreographed is poorly understood. here we present the 2.2-å x-ray structure and activities of cr-vi+, a portion of human metapneumovirus l consisting of cr-vi and the poorly conse ... | 2015 | 26549102 |
| retrospective serology study of respiratory virus infections in captive great apes. | great apes are extremely sensitive to infections with human respiratory viruses. in this study, we retrospectively analyzed sera from captive chimpanzees, gorillas and orang-utans. more than 1000 sera (403 chimpanzee, 77 gorilla, and 535 orang-utan sera) were analyzed for antibodies to the human respiratory viruses rsv (respiratory syncytial virus, hmpv (human metapneumovirus), h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a viruses, and influenza b virus. in all ape species high seroprevalences were found for rsv, h ... | 2014 | 24662675 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in immunocompromised patients. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a pathogen associated with respiratory tract infection and is related to avian pneumovirus. typically, children, the elderly, and those who are immunocompromised are the most susceptible to hmpv infection; however, the virus can infect persons of all ages. in otherwise healthy individuals, hmpv infection is generally self-limiting, but immunocompromised individuals can develop fatal complications. we present a case series of 3 severely immunocompromised patients w ... | 2016 | 27842334 |
| phosphorylation of human metapneumovirus m2-1 protein upregulates viral replication and pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major causative agent of upper- and lower-respiratory-tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals worldwide. like all pneumoviruses, hmpv encodes the zinc binding protein m2-1, which plays important regulatory roles in rna synthesis. the m2-1 protein is phosphorylated, but the specific role(s) of the phosphorylation in viral replication and pathogenesis remains unknown. in this study, we found that hmpv m2-1 is phosphorylated at a ... | 2016 | 27252537 |
| antiviral activity of favipiravir (t-705) against a broad range of paramyxoviruses in vitro and against human metapneumovirus in hamsters. | the clinical impact of infections with respiratory viruses belonging to the family paramyxoviridae argues for the development of antiviral therapies with broad-spectrum activity. favipiravir (t-705) has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against multiple rna virus families and is presently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of influenza. here we demonstrate in vitro activity of t-705 against the paramyxoviruses human metapneumovirus (hmpv), respiratory syncytial virus, human parainflue ... | 2016 | 27185803 |
| a reverse genetics approach for the design of methyltransferase-defective live attenuated avian metapneumovirus vaccines. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. ampv belongs to the family paramyxoviridae which includes many important human pathogens such as human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). the family also includes highly lethal emerging pathogens such as nipah virus and hen ... | 2016 | 27076293 |
| trypsin- and low ph-mediated fusogenicity of avian metapneumovirus fusion proteins is determined by residues at positions 100, 101 and 294. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are members of the genus metapneumovirus in the subfamily pneumovirinae. metapneumovirus fusion (f) protein mediates the fusion of host cells with the virus membrane for infection. trypsin- and/or low ph-induced membrane fusion is a strain-dependent phenomenon for hmpv. here, we demonstrated that three subtypes of ampv (ampv/a, ampv/b, and ampv/c) f proteins promoted cell-cell fusion in the absence of trypsin. indeed, in the presence ... | 2015 | 26498473 |
| effect of amino acid sequence variations at position 149 on the fusogenic activity of the subtype b avian metapneumovirus fusion protein. | the entry of enveloped viruses into host cells requires the fusion of viral and cell membranes. these membrane fusion reactions are mediated by virus-encoded glycoproteins. in the case of avian metapneumovirus (ampv), the fusion (f) protein alone can mediate virus entry and induce syncytium formation in vitro. to investigate the fusogenic activity of the ampv f protein, we compared the fusogenic activities of three subtypes of ampv f proteins using a tcsd50 assay developed in this study. interes ... | 2015 | 26175070 |
| zinc binding activity of human metapneumovirus m2-1 protein is indispensable for viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the pneumovirinae subfamily in the paramyxoviridae family that causes respiratory tract infections in humans. unlike members of the paramyxovirinae subfamily, the polymerase complex of pneumoviruses requires an additional cofactor, the m2-1 protein, which functions as a transcriptional antitermination factor. the m2-1 protein was found to incorporate zinc ions, although the specific role(s) of the zinc binding activity in viral replication and pathogen ... | 2015 | 25855728 |
| localization of a region in the fusion protein of avian metapneumovirus that modulates cell-cell fusion. | the genus metapneumovirus within the subfamily pneumovirinae of the family paramyxoviridae includes two members, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv), causing respiratory tract infections in humans and birds, respectively. paramyxoviruses enter host cells by fusing the viral envelope with a host cell membrane. membrane fusion of hmpv appears to be unique, in that fusion of some hmpv strains requires low ph. here, we show that the fusion (f) proteins of ampv promote fusio ... | 2012 | 22915815 |
| development and optimization of a direct plaque assay for human and avian metapneumoviruses. | the genus metapneumovirus within the subfamily pneumovirinae and family paramyxoviridae includes only two viruses, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv), which cause respiratory disease in humans and birds, respectively. these two viruses grow poorly in cell culture and other quantitation methods, such as indirect immuno-staining and immuno-fluorescent assays, are expensive, time consuming, and do not allow for plaque purification of the virus. in order to enhance researc ... | 2012 | 22684013 |
| the characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human metapneumovirus and the detection of multiple forms of the virus nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein. | little is known of the proteome of human metapneumovirus (hmpv). in this study a panel of monoclonal antibodies to the virus have been characterized and used to identify viral proteins present in infected cell lysates. of thirteen anti-hmpv monoclonal antibodies four reacted with recombinant fusion glycoprotein and one with recombinant g glycoprotein by immunofuorescence but not in western blots suggesting that they recognize conformation dependent epitopes. the specificity of the remaining anti ... | 2012 | 22585723 |
| the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1) coincides with changes in the epidemiology of other viral pathogens causing acute respiratory tract infections in children. | in germany, the outbreak of the novel pandemic 2009 influenza a(h1n1) virus a(h1n1)pdm09 caused a wave of high activity between november 2009 and january 2011. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of 19 respiratory pathogens in children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections during the winter influenza seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 and to observe a possible impact of influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 on the epidemiology of other epidemic viruses. | 2014 | 24150959 |
| [a case of bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), formerly classified in paramyxoviridae family is now moved into pneumoviridae, which was described as a novel family. it causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) usually in children younger than five years old. the recent epidemiological studies indicated that hmpv is the second most frequently detected virus in lrtis of young children, following the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) is a chronic obstructive lung dis ... | 2016 | 28124966 |
| evaluation of the filmarray® respiratory panel for clinical use in a large children's hospital. | respiratory pathogens are a leading cause of hospital admission and traditional detection methods are time consuming and insensitive. multiplex molecular detection methods have recently been investigated in hope of replacing these traditional techniques with rapid panel-based testing. | 2013 | 23424157 |
| cross-neutralization of four paramyxoviruses by a human monoclonal antibody. | broadly neutralizing antibodies reactive against most and even all variants of the same viral species have been described for influenza and hiv-1 (ref. 1). however, whether a neutralizing antibody could have the breadth of range to target different viral species was unknown. human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are common pathogens that cause severe disease in premature newborns, hospitalized children and immune-compromised patients, and play a role in asthma ... | 2013 | 23955151 |
| paramyxovirus infections in ex vivo lung slice cultures of different host species. | paramyxoviruses, including measles virus (mv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and canine distemper virus (cdv), are transmitted via the respiratory route. despite their close phylogenetic relationship, the pathogenesis of these viruses is very different. to study viral tropism and replication ex vivo, a protocol for the inflation of lungs with low-melting-point agarose mixed with culture medium was established. lung slices were prepared and remained viable ... | 2013 | 23777750 |
| evaluation of synthetic infection-enhancing lipopeptides as adjuvants for a live-attenuated canine distemper virus vaccine administered intra-nasally to ferrets. | inactivated paramyxovirus vaccines have been associated with hypersensitivity responses upon challenge infection. for measles and canine distemper virus (cdv) safe and effective live-attenuated virus vaccines are available, but for human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus development of such vaccines has proven difficult. we recently identified three synthetic bacterial lipopeptides that enhance paramyxovirus infections in vitro, and hypothesized these could be used as adjuvan ... | 2012 | 22705079 |
| pathogen transcriptional profile in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute respiratory tract infection. | acute respiratory tract infections (ari) present a significant morbidity and pose a global health burden. patients are frequently treated with antibiotics although ari are most commonly caused by virus, strengthening the need for improved diagnostic methods. | 2015 | 26209405 |
| mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae in hospitalized children with bronchiolitis. | bronchiolitis is an acute lower respiratory tract infection in early childhood caused mainly by different viruses. etiology of bronchiolitis have been studied in different environments and populations. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human bocavirus (hbov), human rhinoviruses (hrv) have consistently been shown to predominate. few studies however have attempted to determine whether other pathogens, particularly mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) and chlamydophila pneumoni ... | 2015 | 25879563 |
| three-year study of viral etiology and features of febrile respiratory tract infections in japanese pediatric outpatients. | for most febrile respiratory tract infections (rtis) in children, the causative pathogen is never identified. we sought to identify the causative pathogen in individual cases of pediatric outpatient with rtis and to determine whether particular clinical features of rtis are associated with particular viruses. | 2014 | 24378946 |
| [etiology of acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children in suzhou from 2005 to 2011]. | to elucidate the etiology of acute respiratory tract infection (ari) in hospitalized children in suzhou from 2005 to 2011. | 2013 | 24113096 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in chile: the clinical relevance in the detection of viruses and atypical bacteria. | adult community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a relevant worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality, however the aetiology often remains uncertain and the therapy is empirical. we applied conventional and molecular diagnostics to identify viruses and atypical bacteria associated with cap in chile. | 2013 | 23783373 |
| the adenoviral infections in children admitted to hospital with pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis or respiratory viral infections. | the objective of this study was to investigate the percent of infections with adenovirus (adv) in children who had pneumonia, acute bronchiolitis or viral respiratory infections and were admitted to two pediatrics hospitals in bucharest (grigore alexandrescu hospital and alfred rusescu hospital). | 2014 | 22838216 |
| immune biomarkers predictive of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents. | to determine if immune phenotypes associated with immunosenescence predict risk of respiratory viral infection in elderly nursing home residents. | 2014 | 25275464 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viral infections in older adults with moderate to severe influenza-like illness. | few studies have prospectively assessed viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections in community-based elderly individuals. we assessed viral respiratory pathogens in individuals ≥65 years with influenza-like illness (ili). | 2014 | 24482398 |
| combined genetic and epigenetic interferences with interferon signaling expose prostate cancer cells to viral infection. | interferons (ifns) induce anti-viral programs, regulate immune responses, and exert anti-proliferative effects. to escape anti-tumorigenic effects of ifns, malignant cells attenuate jak/stat signaling and expression of ifn stimulated genes (isgs). such attenuation may enhance the susceptibility of tumor cells to oncolytic virotherapy. here we studied genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of interference with jak/stat signaling and their contribution to susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to vira ... | 2016 | 27366948 |
| inhibition of human metapneumovirus binding to heparan sulfate blocks infection in human lung cells and airway tissues. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently discovered paramyxovirus, infects nearly 100% of the world population and causes severe respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. we previously showed that hmpv binds heparan sulfate proteoglycans (hspgs) and that hmpv binding requires only the viral fusion (f) protein. to characterize the features of this interaction critical for hmpv binding and the role of this interaction in infection in relevant models, we utilized ... | 2016 | 27489270 |
| design and evaluation of a multi-epitope peptide of human metapneumovirus. | no licensed vaccines or therapeutic agents for human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection exist to date. we aimed to construct a multi-epitope peptide (mep) of hmpv to show promising results for epitope-based vaccine development. | 2015 | 27096202 |
| identification of the first synthetic inhibitors of the type ii transmembrane serine protease tmprss2 suitable for inhibition of influenza virus activation. | tmprss2 (transmembrane serine proteinase 2) is a multidomain type ii transmembrane serine protease that cleaves the surface glycoprotein ha (haemagglutinin) of influenza viruses with a monobasic cleavage site, which is a prerequisite for virus fusion and propagation. furthermore, it activates the fusion protein f of the human metapneumovirus and the spike protein s of the sars-cov (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus). increased tmprss2 expression was also described in several tumour e ... | 2013 | 23527573 |
| seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in healthy population analyzed by recombinant fusion protein-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are two of the most frequent respiratory pathogens that circulate worldwide. infection with either virus can lead to hospitalization of young children, immunocompromised people and the elderly.a better understanding of the epidemiological aspects, such as prevalence of these viruses in the population will be of significant importance to the scientific community. the aim of this study was to gain some detailed knowledge on ... | 2012 | 22748150 |
| one-pot reverse transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for detecting mers-cov. | due to the limitation of rapid development of specific antiviral drug or vaccine for novel emerging viruses, an accurate and rapid diagnosis is a key to manage the virus spread. we developed an efficient and rapid method with high specificity for the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), based on one-pot reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (one-pot rt-lamp). a set of six lamp primers [f3, b3, fip, bip, lf (loop-f), and lb (loop-b)] were designed using ... | 2016 | 28119682 |
| [prevalence and seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses in patients with acute respiratory tract infections, 2002-2014]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses in pediatric and adult outpatients and inpatients who were admitted to hospital with the symptoms of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, during a 12-year period. a total of 5102 clinical samples (4372 nasopharyngeal swabs, 316 bronchoalveolar lavages, 219 transtracheal aspirates, 163 nasopharyngeal aspirates, 20 sputum, 10 nasal swabs) examined in our laboratory between january 1st ... | 2015 | 26167819 |
| etiological role of ortho- and paramyxoviruses in acute respiratory tract infections among children aged < 4 years in bulgaria. | influenza viruses (family orthomyxoviridae); respiratory-syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) type 1, 2 and 3 (family paramyxoviridae) are among the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in infants and young children. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of these viruses in cases of arti requiring medical attention among children aged < 4 years during the 2012/13 and 2013/14 winter seasons in bulgaria. | 2015 | 25974986 |
| [simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses and influenza a virus subtypes using multiplex pcr]. | this study was conducted to investigate the respiratory viruses and subtyping of influenza a virus when positive by multiplex pcr in patients with flu-like symptoms, after the pandemic caused by influenza a (h1n1)pdm09. nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from 700 patients (313 female, 387 male; age range: 24 days-94 yrs, median age: 1 yr) between december 2010 - january 2013 with flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, sore throat, rhinitis, cough, myalgia as defined by the world health ... | 2014 | 25492660 |
| associations between co-detected respiratory viruses in children with acute respiratory infections. | viruses are the major etiological agents of acute respiratory infections (aris) in young children. although respiratory virus co-detections are common, analysis of combinations of co-detected viruses has never been conducted in japan. nineteen respiratory viruses or subtypes were surveyed using multiplex real-time pcr on 1,044 pediatric (patient age < 6 years) ari specimens collected in osaka city, japan between january 2010 and december 2011. in total, 891 specimens (85.3%) were virus positive ... | 2014 | 25410563 |
| detection of respiratory viruses by real-time polymerase chain reaction in outpatients with acute respiratory infection. | viruses are the major contributors to the morbidity and mortality of upper and lower acute respiratory infections (aris) for all age groups. the aim of this study was to determine the frequencies for a large range of respiratory viruses using a sensitive molecular detection technique in specimens from outpatients of all ages with aris. nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 162 individuals between august 2007-august 2009. twenty-three pathogenic respiratory agents, 18 respiratory viruses an ... | 2014 | 25317699 |
| apnea induced by respiratory syncytial virus infection is not associated with viral invasion of the central nervous system. | we aimed to study whether direct central nervous system invasion is responsible for the neurologic manifestations seen in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. cerebrospinal fluid from infants with rsv infection was tested for the detection of the following respiratory rna viruses: rsv, influenza a and b, pandemic influenza h1n1, parainfluenza-3, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, parechovirus and enterovirus. all children tested negative for the presence of vira ... | 2014 | 25222310 |
| viral etiology and seasonality of influenza-like illness in gabon, march 2010 to june 2011. | surveillance of influenza-like illness (ili) in central africa began only recently, and few data are therefore available on the circulation of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses. in gabon, a central african country, we established a surveillance network in four major towns in order to analyze cases of ili among patients who visited health centers between march 2010 and june 2011, and to determine the viral etiology. | 2014 | 25000832 |
| pandemic clinical case definitions are non-specific: multiple respiratory viruses circulating in the early phases of the 2009 influenza pandemic in new south wales, australia. | during the early phases of the 2009 pandemic, subjects with influenza-like illness only had laboratory testing specific for the new a(h1n1)pdm09 virus. | 2014 | 24942807 |
| [determination of the frequency of human bocavirus and other respiratory viruses among 0-2 years age group children diagnosed as acute bronchiolitis]. | acute bronchiolitis, mostly seen in infants and younger children, is a lower respiratory tract infection frequently caused by viral agents. we aimed to determine the frequency of a broad panel of respiratory viruses including human bocavirus (hbov) and to assess the clinical characteristics of acute bronchiolitis in a group of children under 24 months of age. a total of 62 children (45 male, 17 female; age range: 0-2 years) with the initial diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis and 33 healthy childre ... | 2014 | 24819262 |
| development of high-throughput liquid chips for respiratory virus detection. | diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections clinically is often nonspecific, and a rapid, high-throughput laboratory technique which can detect major respiratory viruses is desirable. | 2014 | 24697109 |
| pretreatment of epithelial cells with live streptococcus pneumoniae has no detectable effect on influenza a virus replication in vitro. | influenza a virus (iav) and streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are two major upper respiratory tract pathogens responsible for exacerbated disease in coinfected individuals. despite several studies showing increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections following iav infection, information on the direct effect of s. pneumoniae on iav in vitro is unknown. this is an important area of investigation as s. pneumoniae is a common commensal of the human upper respiratory tract, present ... | 2014 | 24594847 |
| respiratory viral infections among hospitalized adults: experience of a single tertiary healthcare hospital. | following the 2009 h1n1 pandemic, there have been a large number of studies focusing on the epidemiology and outcomes of influenza a infection; however, there have been fewer studies focused on other respiratory viral infections. | 2014 | 24490751 |
| a new laboratory-based surveillance system (respiratory datamart system) for influenza and other respiratory viruses in england: results and experience from 2009 to 2012. | during the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic, a new laboratory-based virological sentinel surveillance system, the respiratory datamart system (rdms), was established in a network of 14 health protection agency (now public health england (phe)) and national health service (nhs) laboratories in england. laboratory results (both positive and negative) were systematically collected from all routinely tested clinical respiratory samples for a range of respiratory viruses including influenza, respirato ... | 2014 | 24480060 |
| detection of respiratory viruses using a multiplex real-time pcr assay in germany, 2009/10. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory viruses and to prospectively evaluate the performance of the fast-track diagnostics (ftd) respiratory pathogens multiplex pcr assay shortly after the 2009/10 influenza pandemic. highly sensitive monoplex real-time pcr assays served as references. discrepant results were further analyzed by the xtag rvp fast assay. a total of 369 respiratory samples from children and adults were collected prospectively in germany from december 2 ... | 2014 | 24126621 |
| role of human metapneumovirus, influenza a virus and respiratory syncytial virus in causing who-defined severe pneumonia in children in a developing country. | the role of respiratory viruses in causing severe, life threatening pneumonia in children in developing countries is not well established. our study aims to determine the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv), influenza a virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children, aged 6 weeks to 2 years, hospitalized with who defined severe pneumonia (tachypnea plus any general danger sign or chest in-drawing) at a public sector hospital in karachi, pakistan. | 2013 | 24058625 |
| viral etiology and clinical profiles of children with severe acute respiratory infections in china. | no comprehensive analysis is available on the viral etiology and clinical characterization among children with severe acute respiratory infection (sari) in china during 2009 h1n1 pandemic and post-pandemic period. | 2013 | 23991128 |
| viral etiology of acute respiratory infection in gansu province, china, 2011. | acute respiratory infections (aris) are the leading cause of children and their leading killer. aris are responsible for at least six percent of the world's disability and death. viruses are one of the most common agents causing aris. few studies on the viral etiology and clinical characteristics of aris have been performed in the northwest region of china, including gansu province. | 2013 | 23691184 |
| epidemiological analysis of respiratory viral etiology for influenza-like illness during 2010 in zhuhai, china. | influenza-like illnesses (ili), a subset of acute respiratory infections (ari), are a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. ili can be caused by numerous pathogens, however; there is limited information on the etiology and epidemiology of ili in china. | 2013 | 23651577 |
| respiratory virus multiplex rt-pcr assay sensitivities and influence factors in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections. | multiplex rt-pcr assays have been widely used tools for detection and differentiation of a panel of respiratory viral pathogens. in this study, we evaluated the qiagen resplex ii v2.0 kit and explored factors influencing its sensitivity. nasopharyngeal swab (nps) specimens were prospectively collected from pediatric inpatients with lower respiratory tract infections at the time of admission in the shenzhen children's hospital from may 2009 to april 2010. total nucleic acids were extracted using ... | 2013 | 23575731 |
| viral causes of acute respiratory infection among egyptian children hospitalized with severe acute asthma exacerbation. | viral respiratory infections are associated with nearly 80% of asthma exacerbation episodes. these can have severe adverse outcomes in patients with established asthma. | 2013 | 23528533 |
| intervention strategies for emerging respiratory virus infections: policy and public health considerations. | respiratory viruses have emerged and re-emerged in humans for hundreds of years. in the recent past avian and animal influenza viruses have caused human disease ranging from conjunctivitis to respiratory illnesses, including the 2009-10 a(h1n1)pdm09 pandemic. coronaviruses, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and enteroviruses have also impacted humans globally. since the likely public health impacts are common, plans and policies for intervention strategies can be developed, encompassing early detecti ... | 2013 | 23477831 |
| viral infections in children with community-acquired pneumonia. | viral pathogens are commonly isolated from children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). viruses like respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and influenza may act as sole pathogens or may predispose to bacterial pneumonia by a variety of mechanisms. new, emerging, or reemerging viral pathogens occasionally cause outbreaks of severe respiratory tract infection in children. the 2009-2010 h1n1 influenza virus pandemic resulted in increased r ... | 2013 | 23371408 |
| severe metapneumovirus infections among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients admitted to hospital with respiratory infection. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is considered an important cause of acute respiratory infections. hmpv can cause morbidity in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and recent research has demonstrated that it is an important virus in patients admitted to hospital with respiratory infections and suspected of having pandemic 2009 influenza a (h1n1pdm09) virus. the purpose of this study was to investigate infections caused by hmpv in two groups of patients admitted to hospital: immunocompromiz ... | 2013 | 23239530 |
| respiratory viral coinfections identified by a 10-plex real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory illness--south africa, 2009-2010. | data about respiratory coinfections with 2009 pandemic influenza a virus subtype h1n1 during the 2009-2010 influenza pandemic in africa are limited. we used an existing surveillance program for severe acute respiratory illness to evaluate a new multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and investigate the role of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses in pneumonia hospitalizations during and after the influenza pandemic in south africa. | 2012 | 23169964 |
| circulation of other respiratory viruses and viral co-infection during the 2009 pandemic influenza. | coinciding with the pandemic wave of the influenza a(h1n1)pdm09 virus, other respiratory viruses have co-circulated in our area and were responsible for many acute respiratory infections and influenza-like illness (ili). apart from the pandemic virus that was responsible for most ili cases, incidence rates of other viruses have varied among geographical areas. in general, human rhinovirus was the most frequent among individuals from the community, and respiratory syncytial virus among hospitaliz ... | 2012 | 23116789 |
| respiratory viruses identified in an urban children's hospital emergency department during the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic. | two surges in influenza-like illness (ili) visits to children's medical center emergency departments, dallas and legacy, occurred in late spring (wave 1) and late summer 2009 (wave 2). this study describes respiratory viruses identified during the first weeks of waves 1 and 2 of the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) pandemic (ph1n1) and compares patients infected with ph1n1 with those infected with other respiratory viruses during wave 1. | 2012 | 23023466 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection of airway epithelial cells, in vivo and in vitro, supports pulmonary antibody responses by inducing expression of the b cell differentiation factor baff. | the mechanisms regulating antibody expression within the human lung during airway infection are largely unknown. in this study, our objectives were to determine if infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) upregulates expression of the b cell differentiation factors a proliferation inducing ligand (april) and b cell activating factor of the tnf family (baff), if this is a common feature of viral airway infection, and how this is regulated in human airway epithelial cells. | 2013 | 23002173 |
| visual detection of the human metapneumovirus using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of acute respiratory infections ranging from wheezing to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children worldwide. the objective of this study is to develop a visual reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for the detection of hmpv and applied to the clinical samples. | 2012 | 22838725 |
| viral acute lower respiratory infections impair cd8+ t cells through pd-1. | viruses are leading causes of severe acute lower respiratory infections (lris). these infections evoke incomplete immunity, as individuals can be repeatedly reinfected throughout life. we report that acute viral lri causes rapid pulmonary cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte (tcd8) functional impairment via programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 (pd-1/pd-l1) signaling, a pathway previously associated with prolonged antigenic stimulation during chronic infections and cancer. pd-1-mediated tcd8 impai ... | 2012 | 22797302 |
| respiratory viral infections during the 2009-2010 winter season in central england, uk: incidence and patterns of multiple virus co-infections. | acute viral respiratory infections are the most common infections in humans. co-infection with different respiratory viruses is well documented but not necessarily well understood. the aim of this study was to utilise laboratory data from the winter season following the 2009 influenza a(h1n1) outbreak to investigate rates of respiratory virus co-infections, virus prevalence in different age groups and temporal variations in virus detection. the health protection agency public health laboratory ( ... | 2012 | 22678349 |
| the viral etiology of an influenza-like illness during the 2009 pandemic. | many viruses are known to cause influenza-like illness (ili); however, in nearly 50% of patients, the etiologic agent remains unknown. the distribution of viruses in patients with ili was investigated during the 2009 a/h1n1 influenza pandemic (a/h1n1p). from june 2009 to january 2010, 660 patients with suspected influenza were questioned and examined, and nasal swabs were collected. all patient samples were tested for influenza virus, and 286 negative nasal swabs were tested further for 18 other ... | 2012 | 22585724 |
| performance of the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel fast in a clinical laboratory setting. | the aim of the study was to develop a real-time rt-pcr for the detection of enteroviruses (evs) and rhinoviruses (rvs) and to assess the performance of the xtag rvp fast assay in comparison to a direct fluorescent assay (dfa), a real-time rt-pcr assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and the ev/rv rt-pcr assay developed in this study. the performance of the rvp fast assay was assessed in the analysis of 373 nasopharyngeal samples. for the v ... | 2012 | 22465255 |
| viral co-infections among children with confirmed measles at hospitals in hanoi, vietnam, 2014. | to characterize viral co-infections among representative hospitalized measles cases during the 2014 hanoi outbreak. | 2017 | 28237484 |
| respiratory viruses in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) cause significant morbidity, mortality, and an inexorable decline of lung function. data from developed countries have shown viruses to be important causes of aecopd, but data from developing countries like india are scant. we set out to determine the contribution of viruses in the causation of hospitalized patients with aecopd. | 2017 | 28144057 |
| [differential diagnosis of the viral etiology of suspected mumps in a population with high vaccine coverage]. | in this study, buccal swabs from patients with the clinical picture of parotitis epidemica in whom mumps virus (mv) infection was not confirmed by direct detection or serologically were tested. the aim was to detect by molecular methods nucleic acids (nas) of other respiratory viruses possibly involved in salivary gland swelling. at the same time, paired sera, if available, were tested. | 2016 | 28078898 |
| influenza-like illness outbreaks in nursing homes in corsica, france, 2014-2015: epidemiological and molecular characterization. | to study the molecular epidemiology of the influenza outbreaks in nursing homes (nhs) to determine whether multiple influenza strains were involved. | 2016 | 27563533 |
| surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in southern arizona, 2010-2014. | the binational border infectious disease surveillance program began surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (sari) on the us-mexico border in 2009. here, we describe patients in southern arizona. | 2016 | 26590069 |
| the clinical usefulness of lymphocyte:monocyte ratios in differentiating influenza from viral non-influenza-like illnesses in hospitalized adults during the 2015 influenza a (h3n2) epidemic: the uniqueness of hpiv-3 mimicking influenza a. | during influenza epidemics, influenza-like illnesses (ilis) viruses cocirculate with influenza strains. if positive, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) identify influenza a/b, but false-negative ridts require retesting by viral polymerase chain reaction (pcr). patient volume limits testing during influenza epidemics, and non-specific laboratory findings have been used for presumptive diagnosis pending definitive viral testing. in adults, the most useful laboratory abnormalities in influenz ... | 2016 | 26563893 |
| respiratory viruses and torque teno virus in adults with acute respiratory infections. | to define the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in adult patients. | 2015 | 25890989 |