| occurrence of conjunctivitis, sinusitis and upper region tracheitis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), possibly caused by mycoplasma gallisepticum accompanied by cryptosporidium sp. infection. | on a farm raising approximately 75,000 japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) for egg production, the diseased quail showed clinical signs of swelling of the head, nasal discharge, increased lacrimation, and decreased egg production. the flock experienced a mortality rate of 5.7% per day. macroscopic observation revealed large, gelatinous masses of caseous exudate in the sinuses, egg peritonitis, and airsacculitis. microscopically, non-purulent or purulent inflammation accompanied by lympho ... | 2002 | 12396337 |
| localization of oestrogen receptors in the sensory and motor areas of the spinal cord in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | in japanese quail, the presence of aromatase (oestrogen synthase) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord suggests that spinal sensory processes might be controlled by local actions of oestrogens. this is supported by the presence of oestrogen receptors and aromatase in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in rats, and by the alteration of sensitivity by oestrogens in various mammalian species and also in canaries. we investigated whether oestrogens that are locally produced in the quail spinal cord ... | 2002 | 12421343 |
| plaque assay for avian metapneumovirus using a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35). | a plaque assay for detecting, isolating and titrating avian pneumoviruses using a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35) is described. plaques are produced after application of either an agarose or carboxymethyl-cellulose (cmc) overlay onto cell monolayers infected with representative avian metapneumoviruses which belong to subgroup a, b or c. virus plaques can be easily visualized by light microscopy or after staining. the parameters affecting plaque appearance include: cell seeding conc ... | 2003 | 12445932 |
| establishment of inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail and their potential as animal models. | we started establishing inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail in 1970. in class aves, full sib mating is highly difficult due to inbreeding depression. in the chicken, we attempted to establish some inbred strains in three breeds, black minorca, white leghorn and fayoumi by fixing all the characters that differentiate individuals homozygously. in this paper, we describe some marker genes and characters fixed in the inbred strains of chicken and japanese quail as well as a calculation of a ... | 2002 | 12451702 |
| steroid receptor coactivator src-1 exhibits high expression in steroid-sensitive brain areas regulating reproductive behaviors in the quail brain. | the steroid receptor coactivator src-1 modulates ligand-dependent transactivation of several nuclear receptors, including the receptors for sex steroid hormones. reducing the expression of src-1 by injection of specific antisense oligonucleotides markedly inhibits the effects of estrogens of the sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in rats and inhibits the activation of female sexual behavior in adult female rats. src-1 thus appears to be involved in both the development and activation o ... | 2002 | 12457041 |
| long term dietary supplementation with zeaxanthin reduces photoreceptor death in light-damaged japanese quail. | the purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of light damage on japanese quail whose retinal carotenoids had been experimentally manipulated through altered diets. the birds were raised 6 months on a commercial turkey diet (t), on a custom carotenoid-deficient diet (c-) containing 90% less carotenoid than the t diet, or on z+ diet [the c- diet supplemented with natural zeaxanthin (35mgkg(-1) food)]. equal numbers of males and females on each diet were exposed to nine intervals (1hr o ... | 2002 | 12457865 |
| persistence of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin in plasma of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (pmsg) is currently being used to develop a hormone regime that will stimulate reproductive development in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). in this study, the persistence of pmsg in quail plasma was examined after a single injection of the hormone (500 iu). plasma concentrations of pmsg increased to a peak 12 h after injection and declined to approximately 50% of peak concentrations 24 h after injection. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin concentratio ... | 2002 | 12467352 |
| cytochrome p450 enzyme activity in five herbivorous, non-passerine bird species. | we examined hepatic cytochrome p450 activity in wild and hand-reared grey partridges (perdix perdix), capercaillies (tetrao urogallus) and ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus), as well as the enzyme activity in a variety of tissues of hand-reared japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) and pigeons (columba livia). post-mortem decrease in hepatic enzyme activity in the grey partridge was measured. hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity was similar in wild and hand-reared grey ... | 2003 | 12524019 |
| hypothalamic indolamines during embryonic development and effects of steroid exposure. | the serotonin system has been implicated in the modulation of endocrine and behavioral components of reproduction. in this study, we examined endogenous hypothalamic indolamines during sexual differentiation and long-term effects of exogenous steroids during this time. in experiment 1, japanese quail were studied during the last half of embryonic development and early post-hatch. samples were taken at embryonic day 10 (e10), e12, e14, e16, hatch (day 0), and days 3 and 5, post-hatch. hypothalami ... | 2003 | 12535620 |
| [morphological changes in the adrenal gland of japanese quail chicken hatched out in microgravity]. | the paper presents results of studying effects of spaceflight factors on the adrenal structure in japanese quail hatchlings (coturnix coturnix japonica) incubated and kept alive 4 to 5 days aboard the space station mir. in comparison with the ground controls, cortical cells in the adrenals of space hatchlings contained copious fat drops, mitochondrias, and significantly dilated cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum. accumulation of fat drops evidences lowered cholesterol transformation and distu ... | 2002 | 12572121 |
| reproductive impairment in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) after in ovo exposure to o,p'-ddt. | we have previously described various effects in adult japanese quail consequent on treatment with oestrogenic compounds in ovo. in the present study, the environmental contaminant o,p'-ddt [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane] was administered to quail eggs to further evaluate test endpoints for oestrogenic effects related to reproduction in the japanese quail. exposure to 2 mg o,p'-ddt/egg (150 micro g/g egg) resulted in impaired sexual behaviour, reduced cloacal gland a ... | 2003 | 12590364 |
| identification of cgnrh-ii in the median eminence of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | in a previous paper, we described the presence of cgnrh-ii in the quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and chicken (gallus gallus) median eminence using highly specific antibodies directed against a polypeptide corresponding to the c-terminal portion of cgnrh-ii (van gils et al., 1993). this finding remained very controversial, since no other study, with any other antibody, had ever reported the presence of cgnrh-ii immunoreactive fibers in the median eminence of birds. in this study, the cgnrh-ii ... | 2003 | 12620246 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) mitochondrial genome and a phylogenetic analysis with related species. | coturnix chinensis (blue-breasted quail) has been classically grouped in galliformes phasianidae coturnix, based on morphologic features and biochemical evidence. since the blue-breasted quail has the smallest body size among the species of galliformes, in addition to a short generation time and an excellent reproductive performance, it is a possible model fowl for breeding and physiological studies of the coturnix japonica (japanese quail) and gallus gallus domesticus (chicken), which are class ... | 2002 | 12642645 |
| expression of perivitelline membrane glycoprotein zp1 in the liver of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) after in vivo treatment with diethylstilbestrol. | avian perivitelline membrane, an oocyte extracellular matrix homologous to the zona pellucida in mammals or chorion in fish, is composed of at least two glycoproteins. previous studies have indicated that one of the components, a glycoprotein homologous to mammalian zpc, is produced in the granulosa cells of the developing follicles of quail ovary on stimulation with testosterone. however, little is known about the molecular biology of the other component of the avian perivitelline membrane, zp1 ... | 2003 | 12648530 |
| competitive interactions of chlorinated phenol compounds with 3,3',5-triiodothyronine binding to transthyretin: detection of possible thyroid-disrupting chemicals in environmental waste water. | chlorinated phenol compounds, such as the chlorinated derivatives of bisphenol a, have been detected in effluents from paper manufacturing plants. we investigated the effects of bisphenol a, nonylphenol, and their seven chlorinated derivatives on 3,3',5-[(125)i]triiodothyronine ([(125)i]t(3)) binding to purified chicken and bullfrog transthyretin (cttr and bttr) and to the ligand-binding domains of chicken and bullfrog thyroid hormone receptor beta (ctr lbd and btr lbd). the concentrations at wh ... | 2003 | 12649043 |
| vascular endothelial growth factor: a regulator of vascular morphogenesis in the japanese quail embryo. | experiments in mouse embryos indicate that a critical level of vegf is required for normal vascular development, as mice lacking a single vegf allele die at midgestation. thus vegf concentration may be a determinant of the size and location of major blood vessels during formation of the primary capillary plexus. ectopic vegf delivery was used to examine the effect of vegf concentration on early vascular patterning in the quail embryo. vegf was delivered by implanting vegf-soaked heparin chromato ... | 2003 | 12704698 |
| cloning of a partial cdna for japanese quail thyroid-stimulating hormone and effects of methimazole on the thyroid and reproductive axes. | the purposes of this study were to develop a probe for the detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) beta subunit mrna, to validate the usefulness of that probe in measuring tsh, and to use it to investigate the effects of thyroid suppression on tsh and the reproductive axis in japanese quail. the objectives of experiment 1 were to isolate and characterize a partial cdna for quail tsh and validate a riboprobe transcribed from this cdna. this riboprobe was then used to assess changes in tshb ... | 2003 | 12705397 |
| maternal dietary lipids alter bone chemical composition, mechanical properties, and histological characteristics of progeny of japanese quail. | this study evaluated the effects of maternal dietary lipids on chemical components and mechanical and histological properties of tibia in progeny of japanese quail fed different dietary lipids. laying hens were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil (sbo), hydrogenated soybean oil (hsbo), chicken fat (cf), or menhaden fish oil (fo) at 50 g/kg of the diet. the various maternal dietary lipid treatments did not affect growth of progeny at any developmental stage. there were no differences i ... | 2003 | 12705408 |
| protein s100 immunoreactivity in glial cells and neurons of the japanese quail brain. | in mammals, sparse data illustrated the neuronal expression of s100 protein in central and peripheral nervous system. similar studies have not been performed in other vertebrate species, in particular in birds. we provide here a detailed description of the distribution of the calcium-binding protein s100 in neuronal and glial elements in the central nervous system of an avian species, the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) largely used for neuroanatomical and functional studies. the distribution ... | 2003 | 12706207 |
| cellulitis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | a case of cellulitis was observed in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared for commercial meat production. this condition in japanese quail has not been reported in the literature. this incident was the first, and to date only, occurrence of cellulitis in this processing plant. the cellulitis lesions were localized to the subcutis overlying the breast and inner thigh. carcasses of processed birds and live birds from the affected farm were presented to the poultry diagnostic and rese ... | 2003 | 12713180 |
| cloning of the genes for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha and follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunits in the japanese crested ibis, nipponia nippon. | we have isolated a part of the gene for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone common alpha subunit (pghalpha) and the whole gene for the follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit (fshbeta) in the japanese crested ibis (nipponia nippon), a critically endangered bird species in east asia. the nucleotide sequence of a part of the pghalpha gene (5026 bp) contained three exons holding the whole coding and 3' untranslated regions, but lacked a 5' untranslated region. its exon-intron structure was similar ... | 2003 | 12719648 |
| long-term supplementation of various dietary lipids alters bone mineral content, mechanical properties and histological characteristics of japanese quail. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term supplementation of fat in the diets on the fatty acid composition, chemical, mechanical, and histological properties of tibial bone. month-old male japanese quail were fed a basal diet containing either soybean oil (sbo), hydrogenated soybean oil (hsbo), chicken fat (cf), or menhaden fish oil (fo) at 50 g/kg of the diet and maintained on these diets for 7 mo. lipid treatments did not affect body weight, food intake, tibial len ... | 2003 | 12762407 |
| replication and transmission of influenza viruses in japanese quail. | quail have emerged as a potential intermediate host in the spread of avian influenza a viruses in poultry in hong kong. to better understand this possible role, we tested the replication and transmission in quail of influenza a viruses of all 15 ha subtypes. quail supported the replication of at least 14 subtypes. influenza a viruses replicated predominantly in the respiratory tract. transmission experiments suggested that perpetuation of avian influenza viruses in quail requires adaptation. swi ... | 2003 | 12788625 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of novel centromeric repetitive dna sequences in the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, galliformes). | a new family of centromeric highly repetitive dna sequences was isolated from ecori-digested genomic dna of the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, galliformes), and characterized by filter hybridization and chromosome in situ hybridization. the repeated elements were divided into two types by nucleotide length and chromosomal distribution; the 578-bp element predominantly localized to microchromosomes and the 1,524-bp element localized to chromosomes 1 and 2. the 578-bp element represented ... | 2002 | 12826749 |
| avian melanocortin system: alpha-msh may act as an autocrine/paracrine hormone: a minireview. | the interest in the physiological role of alpha-msh in birds has been limited because they lack the intermediate lobe of the pituitary, the main source of circulating alpha-msh in most vertebrates. recent studies have improved our understanding of the avian melanocortin system. we have cloned and characterized all five mc-r subtypes, pomc, and agrp in chicken. analyses of the tissue distribution of expression of these genes revealed widespread expression throughout the body, corresponding to the ... | 2003 | 12851337 |
| reproductive aging in female birds. | birds are underutilized as animal models for studying the basis of longevity, cellular adaptations for resisting oxidative damage, and delayed reproductive senescence. reproductive aging patterns in female birds range from slightly slower than those in rodents of similar size to extremely slow or even negligible. the best-studied laboratory bird model of female reproductive aging is the relatively short-lived, rapidly aging domestic laying hen. promising long-lived avian models for the prolongat ... | 2003 | 12855282 |
| reduction of salmonella in gnotobiotic japanese quails caused by the enterocin a-producing ek13 strain of enterococcus faecium. | the effect of the enterocin a-producing ek strain of enterococcus faecium on salmonella dusseldorf sa31 was tested in gnotobiotic japanese quails. sixteen 3-day-old gnotobiotic japanese quails, hatched from disinfected eggs placed in sterile boxes, were divided into two groups of 8 birds: a control group, which was inoculated orally with the sa31 strain (1 x 10(7) cfu/ml), and the experimental group, which was inoculated orally with 200 microl of e. faecium (1 x 10(9) cfu/ml), 16 h before infect ... | 2003 | 12872827 |
| invasion of salmonella enteritidis in the tissues of reproductive organs in laying japanese quail: an immunocytochemical study. | the aim of this study was to determine whether salmonella enteritidis (se) inoculated into the peritoneal cavity would colonize tissues of reproductive organs in japanese quail hens. quail hens regularly laying were intraperitoneally inoculated with 5 x 10(7) or 5 x 10(8) se cells, and the ovary, oviduct, kidney, spleen, liver, and large intestine were excised 24 or 48 h after the treatment. paraffin sections of these organs were immunostained for se. invasion of se was found in the tissues of t ... | 2003 | 12872975 |
| impact of egg storage on carbonic anhydrase activity during early embryogenesis in the turkey. | carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that plays important roles in the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, acid-base balance, and in subembryonic fluid formation in the early japanese quail embryo. while turkey egg storage longer than 10 d is known to increase the rate of embryo mortality, little is known of the biological mechanisms that contribute to this phenomenon. in this study, we examined the impact of turkey egg storage on carbonic anhydrase activity in the freshly laid egg through 7 ... | 2003 | 12872979 |
| [comparative compositional mapping of chicken and quail chromosomes]. | the distribution of various isochore families on mitotic chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail was studied by the method of fluorescence in situ dna--dna hybridization (fish). dna of various isochore families was shown to be distributed irregularly and similarly on chromosomes of domestic chicken and japanese quail. the gc-rich isochore families (h2, h3, and h4) hybridized mainly to microchromosomes and a majority of macrochromosome telomeric regions. in chicken, an intense fluoresc ... | 2003 | 12884522 |
| a model of avian mycobacteriosis: clinical and histopathologic findings in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) intravenously inoculated with mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterial infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in birds and a considerable diagnostic challenge until the disease is advanced. in order to develop more clinically useful antemortem tests, a biological model was created that replicated naturally occurring disease. japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica; n = 8) were inoculated intravenously with mycobacterium avium. two additional birds served as uninoculated controls. mean survival time of the inoculated birds was ... | 2003 | 12887203 |
| diagnosis of avian mycobacteriosis: comparison of culture, acid-fast stains, and polymerase chain reaction for the identification of mycobacterium avium in experimentally inoculated japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | in this study we compared culture, acid-fast stains, and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of acid-fast organisms in fecal and tissue samples from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) that were experimentally inoculated intravenously with mycobacterium avium. for culture, three different culture media (modified herrold egg yolk with mycobactin; lowenstein-jensen [l-j]; and l-j with cyclohexamide, naladixic acid, and lincomycin) were tested to determine which medium had the ... | 2003 | 12887204 |
| in vivo release of oxytetracycline from a biodegradable controlled-release gel injected subcutaneously in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | a long-acting, biodegradable, controlled-release formulation of oxytetracycline (cr-otc) was evaluated in 18 adult japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) following a single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. prior to characterizing the release of oxytetracycline (otc) from the cr-otc, the pharmacokinetic parameters of intravenously (i.v.) administered otc were determined. concentrations of free otc were measured using a bioassay. the plasma concentration-time profile of otc after a single i.v. ... | 2003 | 12887604 |
| protective effect of modified glucomannans against aurofusarin-induced changes in quail egg and embryo. | the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of modified glucomannans (mycosorb) on egg yolk and liver of the day-old quail after aurofusarin inclusion in the maternal diet. fifty-four 45-day-old japanese quail were divided into three groups and were fed ad libitum a corn-soya diet balanced in all nutrients. the diet of the experimental quail was supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin or with aurofusari ... | 2003 | 12927908 |
| relaxant effects of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptides on oviduct motility in birds and mammals: possible role of nitric oxide. | parathyroid hormone (pth) and pth-related peptides (pthrp) have previously been shown to modulate the contractile state of numerous types of smooth muscle. the effects of n-terminal pth and pthrp on spontaneous in vitro contractility of oviducal smooth muscle using tissues from egg-laying japanese quail (10-15 h post ovulation), 4 and 9 days pregnant mouse uterus were investigated. myometrial tissues from both species contracted vigorously for several hours, when incubated in organ baths in de j ... | 2003 | 12928013 |
| aflp linkage map of the japanese quail coturnix japonica. | the quail is a valuable farm and laboratory animal. yet molecular information about this species remains scarce. we present here the first genetic linkage map of the japanese quail. this comprehensive map is based solely on amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. these markers were developed and genotyped in an f2 progeny from a cross between two lines of quail differing in stress reactivity. a total of 432 polymorphic aflp markers were detected with 24 taqi/ecori primer combinati ... | 2003 | 12939205 |
| specific innervation of aromatase neurons by substance p fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in quail. | the enzyme aromatase catalyzes the production of estrogens in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord where most of the nociceptive primary afferent fibers terminate. numerous estrogen receptors are present in this area and the control of spinal aromatase activity is thought to play an important role in the estrogenic control of nociception. the coexistence of aromatase and nociceptive terminals suggests a role for aromatase cells in pain-related processes, but whether terminals releasing nociceptive ... | 2003 | 12949789 |
| effect of beta-carotene supplementation on plasma and yolk igy levels induced by ndv vaccination in japanese quail. | newly hatched japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks were fed diets containing different levels of retinoids (vitamin a) or beta-carotene. group a received a commercial diet containing 10,000 iu vitamin a per kilogram. the diets of groups b, c, and d contained no vitamin a but were supplemented with 1-, 2.5-, and 5-fold retinol equivalents of beta-carotene. each group contained 16 quails in a 1:1 sex ratio. at 8 weeks of age the quails were immunized orally with newcastle disease vir ... | 2003 | 12951901 |
| japanese quail (coturnix japonica) inseminations are more likely to fertilize eggs in a context predicting mating opportunities. | theoretical developments in behavioural ecology have generated increased interest in the proximate mechanisms underlying fertilization, but little is known about how fertilization success is regulated by cues from the external or social environment in males and females. here, we use a pavlovian conditioning paradigm to show that inseminations resulting from mating male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) are more likely to fertilize eggs when they occur in a context predicting that an ... | 2003 | 12964995 |
| focus formation by japanese quail cells infected with rous sarcoma virus. | | 1963 | 14069826 |
| marek's disease, candidiasis and megabacteriosis in a flock of chickens (gallus gallus domesticus) and japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | an outbreak of mortality in chickens and japanese quail sharing the same airspace was investigated. marek's disease was diagnosed in five of 11 chickens examined, and in 20 of 24 quail; crop candidiasis was found in four of the chickens and in five of the quail, and moderate to large numbers of organisms referred to as megabacteria were observed in eight of the chickens and 16 of the quail. the disease was so severe that almost all of the quail in the flock died or were culled during the followi ... | 2003 | 14509575 |
| avian host range of chlamydophila spp. based on isolation, antigen detection and serology. | published reports and our own diagnostic data on the avian host range of avian chlamydophila spp. are presented in an attempt to provide evidence for the large number of bird species that have been naturally infected with chlamydia. the term 'chlamydia-positive' is based on either isolation of the organism and antigen detection or on serological detection of circulating antibodies. the list of chlamydia-positive birds contains the six major domestic species (chicken, turkey, pekin duck, muscovy ... | 2003 | 14522700 |
| use of a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35) in serologic assays to determine the antigenic relationship of avian metapneumoviruses. | the ability of a japanese quail fibrosarcoma cell line (qt-35) to support the replication of avian metapneumoviruses belonging to the 3 subgroups a (14/1 virus), b (colorado virus), and c (hungary virus) enabled the development of assays for the detection and evaluation of virus-specific antibodies. on the basis of the results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), plaque reduction neutralization assay (prna), immunofluorescent assay (ifa), and western blot analysis, some degree of antige ... | 2003 | 14535544 |
| clinical, gross, and microscopic findings in different avian species naturally infected during the h7n1 low- and high-pathogenicity avian influenza epidemics in italy during 1999 and 2000. | from the end of march to the beginning of december 1999, an epidemic of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai), caused by a h7n1 type a influenza virus, affected the intensively reared poultry population of northeastern italy. a total of 199 flocks were diagnosed with influenza infection. the highest number affected flocks were in meat turkeys (164), with only a limited number of turkey breeder, chicken (breeders, broilers, and table egg layers), and guinea fowl flocks infected. following the ... | 2003 | 14575075 |
| land-based birds as potential disseminators of avian mammalian reassortant influenza a viruses. | chickens, quail, and other land-based birds are extensively farmed around the world. they have been recently implicated in zoonotic outbreaks of avian influenza in hong kong. the possibility that land-based birds could act as mixing vessels or disseminators of avian/mammalian reassortant influenza a viruses with pandemic potential has not been evaluated. in this report, we investigated whether chickens and japanese quail are susceptible to a mammalian influenza virus (a/swine/texas/4199-2/98 [h3 ... | 2003 | 14575124 |
| distribution of interleukin-1 receptor in chicken and quail brain. | interleukin 1 isoforms (il-1) are major regulators of vertebrate immune responses. in the mammalian cns, this function is reflected in physiological and anatomical evidence implicating il-1 in a suite of behaviors associated with sickness. although birds show sickness behavior, a parallel role of il-1 in birds has not been investigated. as proinflammatory effects of il-1 are mediated via the il-1 type i receptor (il-1ri), we investigated the distribution of il-1ri protein and mrna after lipopoly ... | 2003 | 14613794 |
| light-induced hormone conversion of t4 to t3 regulates photoperiodic response of gonads in birds. | reproduction of many temperate zone birds is under photoperiodic control. the japanese quail is an excellent model for studying the mechanism of photoperiodic time measurement because of its distinct and marked response to changing photoperiods. studies on this animal have suggested that the mediobasal hypothalamus (mbh) is an important centre controlling photoperiodic time measurement. here we report that expression in the mbh of the gene encoding type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (dio2), which c ... | 2003 | 14614506 |
| transition from embryonic to adult transcription pattern of serotonin n-acetyltransferase gene in avian pineal gland. | the study reports the change of transcription pattern of serotonin n-acetyltransferase gene and melatonin receptor genes during ontogenesis of the avian pineal gland. the rt-pcr technique was used to investigate the expression of the arylalkylamine n-acetyltransferase (aa-nat) and melatonin receptor genes during development of the pineal glands isolated from japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) embryos incubated from 3 days on until hatching (17 days), and in some organs (pineal, brain he ... | 2004 | 14694429 |
| distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the domestic chicken and japanese quail. | in birds, as in mammals, corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) is present in a number of extrahypothalamic brain regions, indicating that crf may play a role in physiological and behavioral responses other than the control of adrenocorticotropin hormone release by the pituitary. to provide a foundation for investigation of the roles of crf in the control of avian behavior, the distribution of crf immunoreactivity was determined throughout the central nervous system of the domestic chicken (gallus ... | 2004 | 14755536 |
| ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in the turkey, meleagris gallopavo. | 1. ultrastructural changes that take place in the spermatids of the turkey were studied. twelve steps of spermiogenesis are described. 2. acrosomal formation is similar to that in the domestic fowl and quail. the perforatorium develops as a dense granule in a tubular invagination of the thickened part of the nuclear membrane during the acrosomal phase of spermatid development. 3. patchy appearances of the circular (cm) and longitudinal (lm) manchette occur concurrently for a very brief period be ... | 2003 | 14965087 |
| chromosome homology between chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and the red-legged partridge (alectoris rufa); evidence of the occurrence of a neocentromere during evolution. | chromosome-specific paints from macrochromosomes 1-9 and z of the chicken were hybridised to metaphases of the red-legged partridge and revealed no inter-chromosomal rearrangements. the results from chromosome painting are similar to previous studies on the japanese quail but different from findings in guinea fowl and several species of pheasant. the difference in centromere position in chicken and partridge chromosome 4, previously assumed to be the result of an inversion, was confirmed. howeve ... | 2003 | 14970724 |
| effectiveness of twenty, twenty-five diazacholesterol, avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and chicken riboflavin carrier protein for inhibiting reproduction in coturnix quail. | contraception may provide a useful nonlethal management tool when it is desirable to reduce populations of birds. we tested the efficacy of 20,25 diazacholesterol, and immunization with avian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (agnrh-i) and chicken riboflavin carrier protein (crcp) as contraceptives and investigated their modes of action in coturnix quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). females that were paired with males treated with 20,25 diazacholesterol produced lower percentages of eggs that were ... | 2004 | 14979575 |
| experimental aspergillus fumigatus infection in quails and results of treatment with itraconazole. | this study was performed to investigate (i). the clinical, histopathological and biochemical changes in quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) with experimentally induced aspergillosis; and (ii). the efficiency of itraconazole treatment on these infected birds. a total of 18021-day-old male quails was randomly divided into three groups (control, infected untreated and infected treated), each containing 60. the experimental infection was set by intratracheal inoculation of 0.2 ml inoculum of aspergi ... | 2004 | 14995975 |
| transgene expression in hypertrophied and aged skeletal muscle in vivo by lentivirus delivery. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-based lentiviral vectors can infect dividing and non-dividing cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of lentiviral transfer of the green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene into post-mitotic quail skeletal muscle and into fibers undergoing hypertrophy and hyperplasia via addition of satellite cell nuclei. | 2004 | 15026989 |
| effects of dose and glycosylation on the transfer of genistein into the eggs of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | soy isoflavones have been associated with several beneficial effects of soy in human diets. however, most soy is consumed by livestock in the western countries. it is possible that isoflavones could be transferred and/or accumulated into animal products, which could become additional sources of dietary isoflavones for humans. our objectives were to determine whether dietary isoflavone genistein could be transferred and/or accumulated into the eggs of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) and how th ... | 2004 | 15080653 |
| do pcbs cause eggshell thinning? | the evidence that pcbs are involved in eggshell thinning is examined. in experiments in which both pcbs and dde were used, it was found that dde, but not pcbs, caused eggshell thinning of mallard and american kestrel. for two other species, bobwhite and japanese quail, no thinning was observed with either agent. numerous other studies with dde alone have demonstrated that this agent can cause eggshell thinning in many, but not all, species. it is concluded that dde is the only compound that has ... | 1996 | 15091460 |
| a first-generation microsatellite linkage map of the japanese quail. | a linkage map of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) genome was constructed based upon segregation analysis of 72 microsatellite loci in 433 f(2) progeny of 10 half-sib families obtained from a cross between two quail lines of different genetic origins. one line was selected for long duration of tonic immobility, a behavioural trait related to fearfulness, while the other was selected based on early egg production. fifty-eight of the markers were resolved into 12 autosomal linkage groups and ... | 2004 | 15147390 |
| molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney. | both mammals and birds can concentrate urine hyperosmotic to plasma via a countercurrent multiplier mechanism, although evolutionary lines leading to mammals and birds diverged at an early stage of tetrapod evolution. we reported earlier (nishimura h, koseki c, and patel tb. am j physiol regul integr comp physiol 271: r1535-r1543, 1996) that arginine vasotocin (avt; avian antidiuretic hormone) increases diffusional water permeability in the isolated, perfused medullary collecting duct (cd) of th ... | 2004 | 15205186 |
| photoperiod-induced changes in cloacal gland physiology and testes weight in male japanese quail selected for divergent adrenocortical responsiveness. | in quail, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis has been linked to depression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and cloacal gland development and foam production are known to be androgen dependent. therefore, photoperiod manipulations that induce gonadal growth (long day) and involution (short day) were used to examine changes in cloacal gland physiology in male quail from lines selected for a reduced (low stress, ls) or exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticost ... | 2004 | 15206629 |
| cloacal gland and testes development in male japanese quail selected for divergent adrenocortical responsiveness. | the time course of sexual development in male quail from lines selected for either a reduced (low stress, ls) or an exaggerated (high stress, hs) plasma corticosterone response to brief restraint was determined. sexual development was assessed by examination of cloacal gland area (carea) and volume (cvol), proportion of individuals that produced cloacal gland foam, and the intensity of cloacal gland foam production (cfp) at 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 14, and 16 wk of age. these intervals encompass ages dur ... | 2004 | 15206632 |
| a comparative karyological study of the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, phasianidae) and california quail (callipepla californica, odontophoridae). | we conducted comparative chromosome painting and chromosome mapping with chicken dna probes against the blue-breasted quail (coturnix chinensis, cch) and california quail (callipepla californica, cca), which are classified into the old world quail and the new world quail, respectively. each chicken probe of chromosomes 1-9 and z painted a pair of chromosomes in the blue-breasted quail. in california quail, chicken chromosome 2 probe painted chromosomes 3 and 6, and chicken chromosome 4 probe pai ... | 2004 | 15218246 |
| karyotypic evolution in the galliformes: an examination of the process of karyotypic evolution by comparison of the molecular cytogenetic findings with the molecular phylogeny. | to define the process of karyotypic evolution in the galliformes on a molecular basis, we conducted genome-wide comparative chromosome painting for eight species, i.e. silver pheasant (lophura nycthemera), lady amherst's pheasant (chrysolophus amherstiae), ring-necked pheasant (phasianus colchicus), turkey (meleagris gallopavo), western capercaillie (tetrao urogallus), chinese bamboo-partridge (bambusicola thoracica) and common peafowl (pavo cristatus) of the phasianidae, and plain chachalaca (o ... | 2004 | 15218250 |
| threonine metabolism in japanese quail liver. | in general, threonine is metabolized by reaction catalyzed by threonine-3-dehydrogenase (tdh), threonine dehydratase (th) or threonine aldolase (ta). the activities of these three enzymes were compared in the liver of japanese quails and rats. the animals were fed a standard or threonine rich-diet, or fasted for 3 days. the specific activity of tdh in the liver from quail fed a standard diet was 11 times higher than that in the liver from rats fed a standard diet. the tdh activities in the liver ... | 2004 | 15221503 |
| gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in gambel's white-crowned sparrow (zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii): cdna identification, transcript localization and functional effects in laboratory and field experiments. | the neuropeptide control of gonadotropin secretion is primarily through the stimulatory action of the hypothalamic decapeptide, gnrh. we recently identified a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide with a c-terminal leupro-leu-arg-phe-nh2 sequence in the domestic bird, japanese quail (coturnix japonica). this novel peptide inhibited gonadotropin release in vitro from the quail anterior pituitary; thus it was named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih). gnih may be an important factor regulating repro ... | 2004 | 15225129 |
| effects of vinclozolin on spermatogenesis and reproductive success in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | in a one-generation reproduction study, the major agricultural fungicide vinclozolin was administered to adult japanese quail for a period of 6 weeks at dietary levels of 125 and 500 ppm. fertility and reproductive performance were not affected up to the highest concentration, although the examination of additional endpoints in the drakes (spermatid count, histology of the testis) provided some evidence of an inhibition of spermatogenesis at both dietary concentrations. likewise, there were no i ... | 2004 | 15253051 |
| mhc class iib gene sequences and expression in quails (coturnix japonica) selected for high and low antibody responses. | two quail lines, h and l, which were developed for high (h) and low (l) antibody production against inactivated newcastle disease virus antigen, were used to examine differences in the organization, structure and expression of the quail mhc class iib genes. four coja class iib genes in the h line and ten coja class iib genes in the l line were identified by gene amplification using standard and long-range pcrs and sequencing of the amplified products. rflp analysis, sequencing and gene mapping r ... | 2004 | 15258705 |
| pasteurellosis in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) caused by pasteurella multocida multocida a:4. | | 2004 | 15311804 |
| cdna array analysis of japanese quail lines divergently selected for four-week body weight. | decades of divergent selection for 4-wk bw has produced 3 lines of growth-selected japanese quail. p line quail have been selected for >110 generations for 4-wk posthatch bw and are nearly 3-fold larger than the randomly bred control c line. the h line has been selected for high 4-wk bw for 52 generations and the l line has been selected for low 4-wk bw for 54 generations. to identify differentially expressed genes that may play a role in defining the differences in these lines, a dna array cont ... | 2004 | 15384902 |
| isolation of e. coli from foam and effects of fluoroquinolones on e. coli and foam production in male japanese quail. | sexually active male japanese quail (coturnix coutrnix japonica) produce a foamy substance from their cloacal gland. it was postulated that bacteria played an important role in production of foam. the primary objective of this study was to isolate and identify bacteria present in the cloacal foam. the secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of fluoroquinolone treatment on bacterial counts and foam production. healthy adult japanese quail were maintained in individual cages under uniform h ... | 2004 | 15451247 |
| factors considered in using birds for evaluating endocrine-disrupting chemicals. | documented effects on fish and wildlife populations, coupled with evidence from human poisonings, epidemiology, and experimental toxicology, led to the formation of the endocrine disruptor screening program within the us environmental protection agency. the main objectives of the program are to validate and implement the screens and tests that have been proposed for evaluating possible endocrine-disrupting activity of chemicals. an avian two-generation test is one of the recommended higher tier ... | 2004 | 15454685 |
| polymorphism of dopamine receptor d4 exon i corresponding region in chicken. | in stockbreeding, there are indications that behavioral traits of livestock have an effect on breeding and production. if the variation in individual behavior is related to that in neurotransmitter-related genes such as in humans, it would be possible to breed pedigrees composed of individuals having behavioral traits that are useful to production and breeding using selection based on genotypes. in this study, we investigated the exon i region of dopamine receptor d4 (drd4), in which variation i ... | 2004 | 15459452 |
| hydropericardium syndrome in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | | 2004 | 15461367 |
| hormonal regulation of brain circuits mediating male sexual behavior in birds. | male sexual behavior in both field and laboratory settings has been studied in birds since the 19th century. birds are valuable for the investigation of the neuroendocrine mechanisms of sexual behavior, because their behavior can be studied in the context of a large amount of field data, well-defined neural circuits related to reproductive behavior have been described, and the avian neuroendocrine system exhibits many examples of marked plasticity. as is the case in other taxa, male sexual behav ... | 2004 | 15488549 |
| the effects of aromatase inhibition on testosterone-dependent conditioned rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements in male japanese quail. | male japanese quail produce a foam that, along with semen, is transferred to the quail hen during copulation. this foam has been reported to increase fertility, prolong sperm motility, and enhance sperm competition. action of the cloacal sphincter muscles in response to visual exposure to a female produces the foam. the rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (rcsm) responsible for foam production in male quail is elicited by a conditioned stimulus (cs) previously paired with access to a quail hen. ... | 2004 | 15501496 |
| involvement of interaction of zp1 and zpc in the formation of quail perivitelline membrane. | the extracellular matrix surrounding the oocyte before ovulation is called the perivitelline membrane (pl) in avian species. we have previously reported that one of its components, zpc, is produced in ovarian granulosa cells by the stimulation of follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone. another component, zp1, is synthesized in the liver and might be transported to the surface of the oocyte of the follicles. these glycoproteins are assembled to form a three-dimensional network of coarse fi ... | 2004 | 15503149 |
| aromatase inhibition blocks the expression of sexually-motivated cloacal gland movements in male quail. | in japanese quail (coturnix japonica), activation of appetitive and consummatory aspects of male sexual behavior requires aromatization of testosterone (t) into estrogens. appetitive male sexual behavior (asb) is usually assessed with the use of a learned social proximity procedure. in the present experiment, we investigated the role of estrogens in the activation of an another index of asb, the female-induced activation of rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (rcsms) that are produced in reacti ... | 2004 | 15518995 |
| embryonic co-exposure to methoxychlor and clophen a50 alters sexual behavior in adult male quail. | embryonic exposure to estrogens and estrogenic pollutants is known to demasculinize sexual behavior in adult male japanese quail. in the present study, we administered the insecticide methoxychlor to quail eggs at a dose of 150 microg/g egg and then studied sexual behavior and other reproductive variables in adult males. in a second experiment we administered the same dose of methoxychlor together with 10 microg/g egg of the commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixture clophen a50 (ca50) an ... | 2005 | 15526189 |
| effects of long-term dietary lipids on mature bone mineral content, collagen, crosslinks, and prostaglandin e2 production in japanese quail. | this study investigated the effects of long-term dietary lipids on mature bone mineral content, collagen concentration, crosslink levels, bone marrow and ex vivo prostaglandin e2 (pge2) biosynthesis, as well as the relationship of pge2 production to these bone formation parameters. one-month-old male japanese quail were given a basal diet containing 1 of 4 lipid sources: soybean oil (sbo), hydrogenated soybean oil (hsbo), chicken fat (cf), or menhaden fish oil (fo) at 50 g/kg of the diet. at 8 m ... | 2004 | 15554065 |
| chronic cocaine pretreatment facilitates pavlovian sexual conditioning in male japanese quail. | repeated drug exposure that results in behavioral sensitization has been shown to enhance sex-seeking behaviors in rats as well as facilitate pavlovian excitatory and inhibitory conditioning. in the present experiment, male japanese quail were given repeated presentations of cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) that resulted in increased locomotor activity relative to saline. after a 10-day withdrawal period, subjects received sexual conditioning trials that consisted of presentation of an object conditione ... | 2004 | 15582016 |
| the japanese quail: a model for studying reproductive aging of hypothalamic systems. | during aging, the decline of neuroendocrine, endocrine, and behavioral components of reproduction ultimately leads to reproductive failure. these studies considered both neuroendocrine and behavioral aspects of reproductive aging in japanese quail, using chronological age and reproductive status to separate animals into experimental groups. in study i, age-related changes in the gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh-i) system were investigated and a sharp decrease was observed in gnrh-i concentra ... | 2004 | 15582284 |
| the chicken immediate-early gene zenk is expressed in the medio-rostral neostriatum/hyperstriatum ventrale, a brain region involved in acoustic imprinting, and is up-regulated after exposure to an auditory stimulus. | the immediate-early gene zenk (an acronym for the avian orthologue of the mammalian genes zif-268, egr-1, ngfi-a and krox-24) has been extensively employed, in studies on oscine birds, as a marker of neuronal activity to reveal forebrain structures that are involved in the memory processes associated with the acquisition, perception and production of song. audition-induced expression of this gene, in brain, has also recently been reported for the domestic chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) and t ... | 2005 | 15590145 |
| the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on egg yolk fatty acids and hatchability in japanese quail. | conjugated linoleic acid (cla) increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids in yolk and caused embryo mortality. our preliminary studies showed that cla had less of an effect on hatchability of quail than chickens. hence, the objective was to determine the effects of dietary cla on quail egg fatty acid content and hatchability. eight male-female japanese quail pairs per group were randomly assigned to diets containing 0 (canola oil; co), 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, or 3% cla ... | 2004 | 15615015 |
| effect of chronic progesterone injection on egg production in japanese quail. | young laying turkey hens ceased laying and developed a polycystic ovarian follicle (pcof) syndrome 3 wk after injections of progesterone (p4) ceased. it was hypothesized that laying japanese quail chronically injected with progesterone (p4) would respond with reduced or arrested egg production and altered ovarian morphology similar to that seen in turkeys expressing the pcof syndrome, and could thus serve as a model to study the pcof syndrome. to test these hypotheses, 6 trials were conducted wi ... | 2004 | 15615020 |
| lycopene supplementation prevents the development of spontaneous smooth muscle tumors of the oviduct in japanese quail. | leiomyomas (fibroids) are benign tumors of the uterus affecting millions of women. spontaneous leiomyomas of the oviduct are common tumors of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), which makes it a good animal model for screening potential agents for testing in the prevention and treatment of human myoma uteri. because dietary intake of lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of a variety of human cancers, we investigated the effects of lycopene supplementation on the developm ... | 2004 | 15623465 |
| endogenous neuromedin u has anorectic effects in the japanese quail. | neuromedin u (nmu), which is a brain-gut peptide, was first isolated as a smooth-muscle-contracting peptide from the porcine spinal cord in 1985. intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of nmu into rats significantly reduced the food intake during dark period, and increased oxygen consumption, locomotor activity, and body temperature suggested that nmu is an anorectic and catabolic signaling molecule in mammals. in this study, we elucidated the central role of nmu in avian species using japanese ... | 2004 | 15639143 |
| a novel g protein-coupled receptor for gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica): identification, expression and binding activity. | we recently identified a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide inhibiting gonadotropin release in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica). this novel peptide was therefore named gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (gnih). the gnih precursor encoded one gnih and two gnih-related peptides (gnih-rp-1 and gnih-rp-2) that shared the same c-terminal motif, leu-pro-xaa-arg-phe-nh(2) (xaa=leu or gln; lpxrf-amide peptides). identification of the receptor for gnih is crucial to elucidate the mode of action of gnih. ... | 2005 | 15642802 |
| quail cell lines supporting replication of marek's disease virus serotype 1 and 2 and herpesvirus of turkeys. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly cell-associated alphaherpesvirus, can be isolated and propagated in chicken kidney cells (ckc) and chicken or duck embryo fibroblast cells (cef or def, respectively). two recently developed cell lines, cu447 and cu453, developed from methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in japanese quail, were examined for their suitability to propagate the three serotypes of mdv. the mdv strain rb-1b (serotype 1) was passaged for more than 30 passages in cu447 without causing ... | 2004 | 15666861 |
| inhibition of steroid receptor coactivator-1 blocks estrogen and androgen action on male sex behavior and associated brain plasticity. | studies of eukaryotic gene expression demonstrate the importance of nuclear steroid receptor coactivators in mediating efficient gene transcription. however, little is known about the physiological role of these coactivators in vivo. in japanese quail, the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (src-1) is broadly expressed in steroid-sensitive brain areas that control the expression of male copulatory behavior, and we investigated the role of this coactivator by antisense technology. daily intracerebrov ... | 2005 | 15673671 |
| in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor in rat, mouse, japanese quail and rainbow trout in precision-cut liver slices. | 1. the in vitro metabolism of [14c]methoxychlor (mxc) has been studied using precision-cut liver slices from the sprague-dawley male rat, cd-1 male mouse, we strain male japanese quail and juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the results demonstrated integrated phase i and ii metabolism of mxc and species differences in the metabolic profiles were observed. 2. in rat liver slice preparations, mxc was rapidly metabolized to bis-oh-mxc by sequential o-demethylation followed by subsequent ... | 2004 | 15690762 |
| somatostatin immunoreactivity in quail pterygopalatine ganglion. | in the ciliary ganglion of the chicken and quail, somatostatin (som) is an exclusive marker for parasympathetic postganglionic neurons innervating the choroid. a second parasympathetic pathway projecting to the choroid originates from the pterygopalatine ganglion. the aim of this study was to investigate som immunoreactivity in the pterygopalatine ganglion of the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and on neurons within the choroid, the intrinsic choroidal neurons (icn). we did so using ... | 2005 | 15733297 |
| androgen mediation of conditioned rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements in japanese quail (coturnix japonica). | demonstrations of increased reproductive success due to sexual conditioning in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) have been reported, although the mechanisms that underlie these effects have remained elusive. one possible mechanism is conditioned rhythmic cloacal sphincter movements (rcsm). two experiments were conducted with male quail to determine whether associations between a conditioned stimulus (cs) and a hen would result in the ability of the cs to elicit rcsm, and to explore the androgen ... | 2005 | 15740429 |
| different effects of peripheral and central ghrelin on regulation of food intake in the japanese quail. | when rat or human ghrelin is administered to chickens or rats it stimulates the release of growth hormone, however, its effects on food intake differ between the two species. to investigate this discrepancy, we measured plasma ghrelin concentrations before and after food intake, and determined the effects of central (intracerebroventricular, icv) and peripheral (intraperitoneal, ip) injections of various ghrelin doses on food intake and body temperature in the japanese quail. in control quails, ... | 2005 | 15748719 |
| infectivity of blastocystis isolates from chickens, quails and geese in chickens. | the infectivity of six blastocystis isolates obtained from two domestic chickens, two japanese quails and two domestic geese, were examined in 1-week-old male chicks. all six isolates were able to infect the chicks via the intracecal inoculation of 1x10(6) cells of cultured organisms. since the infected chicks discharged many cysts in their feces, the infectivity of the concentrated cysts in chicks was compared among three isolates from different bird species. the ck86-1 and qq93-3 isolates, whi ... | 2005 | 15772866 |
| attempts to identify the source of avian vacuolar myelinopathy for waterbirds. | attempts were made to reproduce avian vacuolar myelinopathy (avm) in a number of test animals in order to determine the source of the causative agent for birds and to find a suitable animal model for future studies. submerged vegetation, plankton, invertebrates, forage fish, and sediments were collected from three lakes with ongoing outbreaks of avm and fed to american coots (fulica americana), mallard ducks and ducklings (anas platyrhynchos), quail (coturnix japonica), and laboratory mice eithe ... | 2005 | 15827222 |
| effect of enzyme supplementation on the metabolisable energy content of solvent-extracted rapeseed and sunflower seed meals for chicken, guinea fowl and quail. | (1) the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolisable energy (ame(n)) content of solvent-extracted rapeseed and sunflower seed (un-decorticated) meals in relation to species (chicken, guinea fowl and quail) and dietary addition of feed enzymes (0 or 0.5 g/kg diet) was evaluated by a diet replacement method in a 3 x 2 factorial design. (2) the metabolism trial was conducted at two substitution levels (200 and 400 g/kg diet) of each meal with or without supplementation of commercial enzyme preparation ... | 2005 | 15835255 |
| construction of a genetic linkage map of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) based on aflp and microsatellite markers. | the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is a notably valuable egg and meat producer but has also been used as a laboratory animal. in the present study, we constructed a japanese quail linkage map with 1735 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers, and nine chicken microsatellite (ms) markers, as well as sex and phenotypes of two genetic diseases; a muscular disorder (lwc) and neurofilament-deficient mutant (quv). linkage analysis revealed 578 independent loci. the resulting li ... | 2005 | 15932402 |
| rapid decreases in preoptic aromatase activity and brain monoamine concentrations after engaging in male sexual behavior. | in japanese quail, as in rats, the expression of male sexual behavior over relatively long time periods (days to weeks) is dependent on the local production of estradiol in the preoptic area via the aromatization of testosterone. on a short-term basis (minutes to hours), central actions of dopamine as well as locally produced estrogens modulate behavioral expression. in rats, a view of and sexual interaction with a female increase dopamine release in the preoptic area. in quail, in vitro brain a ... | 2005 | 15932925 |
| effects of calorie restriction on reproductive and adrenal systems in japanese quail: are responses similar to mammals, particularly primates? | the benefits of calorie restriction (cr) have been established across a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate species. although the effects of cr on lifespan in birds have not been examined, it is clear that cr has beneficial effects on reproductive, metabolic, and physiological function in adult poultry. we examined the effects of cr in japanese quail, a rapidly maturing avian model, on reproductive endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. male japanese quail were pair fed at 0% ad libitum (al), ... | 2005 | 15935442 |
| dopamine modulates male sexual behavior in japanese quail in part via actions on noradrenergic receptors. | in rats, dopamine (da) facilitates male sexual behavior through its combined action on d1- and d2-like receptors, in the medial preoptic area (mpoa) as well as other brain areas. in japanese quail, systemic injections of dopaminergic drugs suggested a similar pharmacology but central injections have never been performed. recent electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that da effects in the mpoa of quail are mediated mainly through the activation of alpha2-noradrenergic receptors. previous ... | 2005 | 15936834 |
| microsatellite mapping of qtl affecting growth, feed consumption, egg production, tonic immobility and body temperature of japanese quail. | the japanese quail (coturnix japonica) is both an animal model in biology and a commercial bird for egg and meat production. modern research developments with this bird, however, have been slowed down by the limited information that is available on the genetics of the japanese quail. recently, quail genetic maps with microsatellites and aflp have been produced which open the way to comparative works with the chicken (gallus gallus), and to qtl detection for a variety of traits. the purpose of th ... | 2005 | 15941487 |