| development of pcr primers for the detection of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis based on the flic gene. | salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis may cause swine salmonellosis and human infection. because the conventional method for detection of this salmonella serovar may take 3 to 5 days, a pcr method for detection was evaluated. by comparing the sequence of the phase 1 flagellin (flic) gene of salmonella choleraesuis with that of other salmonella serovars and of other bacteria species available in genbank, two pcr primers (flinc-f and flinc-r) were designed. using these primers, all 97 salmonell ... | 2005 | 21132962 |
| spc-p1: a pathogenicity-associated prophage of salmonella paratyphi c. | salmonella paratyphi c is one of the few human-adapted pathogens along with s. typhi, s. paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b that cause typhoid, but it is not clear whether these bacteria cause the disease by the same or different pathogenic mechanisms. notably, these typhoid agents have distinct sets of large genomic insertions, which may encode different pathogenicity factors. previously we identified a novel prophage, spc-p1, in s. paratyphi c rks4594 and wondered whether it might be involved in p ... | 2010 | 21192789 |
| bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis complicating salmonella paratyphi a infection. | patients with enteric fever frequently develop neurological complications during their illness. among them, majority has encephalopathy, but focal deficits or peripheral nervous involvements are occasionally encountered. we describe a young woman who developed a neurological syndrome consistent with bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis, with symptoms and signs including convulsion, impaired consciousness, external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, bulbar palsy and pyramidal signs, following salmonella pa ... | 2011 | 21232772 |
| prevalence of multiple drug resistance and screening of enterotoxin (stn) gene in salmonella enterica serovars from water sources in lagos, nigeria. | to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and carriage of enterotoxin (stn) gene among strains of salmonella isolated from water sources in lagos. | 2011 | 21277605 |
| frequency of salmonella detection in a broiler flock depending on different litter materials--a field study. | during the fattening period of a broiler flock four different litter materials (peat, chopped straw, shavings, silage) were tested simultaneously.the separated sections were tested for the presence of salmonella bacteria using the sock-sampling method as described in the regulation ec no. 646/2007 with slight modifications in the sampling technique and the laboratory protocol. in addition, some chemical and physical parameters regarding litter quality and house climate were analysed. samples wer ... | 2011 | 21306057 |
| an assessment of potential public health risk associated with the extended survival of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in freshwater lake sediments. | microcosm studies were performed to evaluate the survival of escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi and vibrio parahaemolyticus in water and sediment collected from the freshwater region of vembanad lake (9'35 °n 76'25 °e) along the south west coast of india. all three test microorganisms showed significantly (p < 0.01) higher survival in sediment compared to overlying water. the survival in different sediment types with different particle size and organic carbon content revealed that sediment w ... | 2011 | 21316302 |
| lactobacillus fermentum isolated from human colonic mucosal biopsy inhibits the growth and adhesion of enteric and foodborne pathogens. | a number of lactobacillus species are used as probiotic strains in order to benefit health. we have isolated l. fermentum from human colonic mucosal biopsy samples that possess antimicrobial activities against entroinvasive and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, shigella sonnei, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vibrio sp. in addition to lactic acid, l. fermentum secretes antimicrobial proteinacious com ... | 2010 | 21535608 |
| occurrence & antibiogram of salmonella typhi & s. paratyphi a isolated from rourkela, orissa. | background & objectives : almost round-the-year occurrence of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a has been noticed in rourkela since last 13 and five years respectively. the incidence of infection along with the antibiogram of these two serotypes in this area were carried out. methods: the study was carried out at ispat general hospital, rourkela, india, between january 2005 and december 2008 with 5340 blood samples collected from patients with suspected enteric fever and pyrexia of unkn ... | 2011 | 21537098 |
| comprehensive analysis of salmonella sequence polymorphisms and development of a ldr-ua assay for the detection and characterization of selected serotypes. | salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease, and salmonella enterica subspecies i includes the most clinically relevant serotypes. salmonella serotype determination is important for the disease etiology assessment and contamination source tracking. this task will be facilitated by the disclosure of salmonella serotype sequence polymorphisms, here annotated in seven genes (sefa, safa, safc, biga, inva, fima, and phsb) from 139 s. enterica strains, of which 109 belonging to 44 serotypes of s ... | 2011 | 21611799 |
| isolation of salmonella paratyphi a from a female with diabetic foot ulcer. | | 2011 | 21623125 |
| in vitro activity of azithromycin in salmonella isolates from pakistan. | enteric fever is caused by salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a, b and c. it is a significant public health issue in pakistan, which is exacerbated by a high level of resistance some isolates display to drugs routinely used in treatment. azithromycin may be a treatment option for such isolates. | 2011 | 21628817 |
| a case of vertebral osteomyelitis due to quinolone-resistant salmonella paratyphi a. | this is a case of a 63-year-old asian female patient who presented to accident and emergency with a febrile illness 3 weeks after her return from the indian subcontinent. she was given empirical treatment with ciprofloxacin. blood cultures grew a quinolone-resistant resistant salmonella paratyphi a so she was re-called, admitted to hospital and treated with intravenous cefotaxime. she did not have known risk factors for invasive salmonellosis. on day 8 she complained of back pain, but since her ... | 2009 | 21686826 |
| salmonella meningitis in an adult with type b viral hepatitis and an incidental schwannoma. | salmonella meningitis is an unusual complication of salmonella sepsis that occurs almost exclusively in infants and young children. cases that do occur in adults are associated with a high morbidity and mortality. the present study concerns a rare case of salmonella meningitis, the first to be reported in qatar, in a previously healthy young adult man who was admitted with fever, headache and nuchal rigidity. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) culture produced salmonella paratyphi a, although cultures of ... | 2009 | 21686413 |
| [Development of modified molecular beacon based real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection of Salmonella choleraesuis and Salmonella paratyphi C]. | To develop real-time PCR assay based on modified molecular beacon for simultaneous detection of S. choleraesuis and S. paratyphi C. The established method was applied to the rapid detection of S. choleraesuis in food and stool samples of food poisoning, and then was applied to the identification of Salmonella C. | 2011 | 21861361 |
| Screening of the Salmonella paratyphi A CMCC 50973 strain outer membrane proteins for the identification of potential vaccine targets. | Outer membrane protein antigens usually have strong immunogenicities, closely interact with the immune system and play a significant role in the development of new vaccines. The outer membrane proteins of Salmonella paratyphi A (S. paratyphi A) were screened for immunogenicity and immunoprotection for potential vaccine targets. In this study, the bactericidal effect of antiserum against the total outer membrane proteins of S. paratyphi ... | 2012 | 21922141 |
| identification of an antimicrobial peptide from human methionine sulfoxide reductase b3. | human methionine sulfoxide reductase b3a (hmsrb3a) is an endoplasmic reticulum (er) reductase that catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of methionine-r-sulfoxide to methionine in proteins. in this work, we identified an antimicrobial peptide from hmsrb3a protein. the n-terminal er-targeting signal peptide (amino acids 1-31) conferred an antimicrobial effect in escherichia coli cells. sequence and structural analyses showed that the overall positively charged er signal peptide had an argand pro ... | 2011 | 22027001 |
| Zoonotic bacteria, antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish: a systematic review of the existing research and survey of aquaculture-allied professionals. | SUMMARYUsing systematic review methodology, global research reporting the frequency of zoonotic bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in ornamental fish, and human illness due to exposure to ornamental fish, was examined. A survey was performed to elicit opinions of aquaculture-allied personnel on the frequency of AMU and AMR in ornamental fish. The most commonly reported sporadic human infections were associated with Mycobacterium marinum, while Salmone ... | 2012 | 21906415 |
| cell-associated flagella enhance the protection conferred by mucosally-administered attenuated salmonella paratyphi a vaccines. | antibiotic-resistant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a, the agent of paratyphoid a fever, poses an emerging public health dilemma in endemic areas of asia and among travelers, as there is no licensed vaccine. integral to our efforts to develop a s. paratyphi a vaccine, we addressed the role of flagella as a potential protective antigen by comparing cell-associated flagella with exported flagellin subunits expressed by attenuated strains. | 2011 | 22069504 |
| Epididymo-orchitis: An unusual manifestation of salmonellosis. | Salmonellosis continues to be a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The formation of focal abscesses may occur following either hematogenous or lymphatic spread. There are large number of serious and life-threatening clinical manifestations of Salmonella spp., ranging from osteomyelitis to infective endocarditis and meningitis. However, even though Salmonella epidydimo-orchitis is a relatively rare clinical manifestion, it can present, most often in male babies and a ... | 2011 | 22138654 |
| antibacterial effect and cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1, 4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8. | we studied the antibiotic activity and selective cytotoxicity of beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase from endophytic bacillus subtilis swb8. | 2011 | 22260051 |
| combined high-resolution genotyping and geospatial analysis reveals modes of endemic urban typhoid fever transmission. | typhoid is a systemic infection caused by salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a, human-restricted bacteria that are transmitted faeco-orally. salmonella typhi and s. paratyphi a are clonal, and their limited genetic diversity has precluded the identification of long-term transmission networks in areas with a high disease burden. to improve our understanding of typhoid transmission we have taken a novel approach, performing a longitudinal spatial case-control study for typhoid in nepal, com ... | 2011 | 22645647 |
| phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of two bangladeshi medicinal plants. | the objectives of the present study were to investigate phytochemical screening and to assay cytotoxicity and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extracts of leaves of two medicinal plants, aglaonema hookerianum schott (family: araceae) and lannea grandis engl. (family: anacardiaceae) available in bangladesh. the brine shrimp lethality bioassay showed that the ethanolic extracts of aglaonema hookerianum and lannea grandis possessed cytotoxic activities with lc50 5.25 (microg ml(-1)) and 5.75 ( ... | 2011 | 22518935 |
| evaluation of the current trend of nalidixic acid susceptibility in typhoidal salmonellae; a marker of therapeutic failure for the fluoroquinolones. | typhoid is a major health problem faced by the developing countries like pakistan. more than 20 million cases are reported annually worldwide. currently fluoroquinolones are the drugs of choice to treat typhoid fever. in vivo resistance to fluoroquinolones leading to therapeutic failure is developing rapidly and is becoming a major concern for the clinicians. the objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity pattern of nalidixic acid over the last four years | 2011 | 22347587 |
| testicular abscess caused by salmonella para-typhi. | this case is the first report of a bacteriologically proven testicular abscess in a child caused by salmonella paratyphi 'a' in pakistan that clinically simulates a testicular tumour. the case also emphasises that a course of 2 weeks antibiotic is sufficient for testicular abscess if complete surgical debridement is done. | 2011 | 23272459 |
| small bowel perforation secondary to enteric salmonella paratyphi a infection. | a patient of pakistani-origin was admitted to bradford royal infirmary, uk, following a 3-week history of cough, headache and general malaise. he had recently spent 10 weeks in pakistan and on return had been diagnosed in the community with swine flu. he developed abdominal pain and diarrhoea in the week prior to admission, and presented to hospital with fever, tachycardia and raised inflammatory markers. he deteriorated rapidly, developing signs of peritonism and salmonella paratyphi a was grow ... | 2011 | 22696633 |
| abdominal lymphadenopathy: an atypical presentation of enteric fever. | this is a case report of a patient who presented to the aga khan university hospital with generalized abdominal lymphadenopathy and high-grade fever. due to ambiguous clinical findings, which were suggestive of either abdominal tuberculosis, or a lymphoma, the patient was started on empirical anti-tuberculous treatment due to the endemicity of tuberculosis in this region. the blood culture reports, however, were reported to grow colonies of salmonella paratyphi a; thus the diagnosis of the patie ... | 2012 | 23569940 |
| antibiogram of salmonella isolates from blood with an emphasis on nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital in coastal karnataka: a prospective study. | enteric fever is caused by the serotypes salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, salmonella paratyphi b and salmonella paratyphi c. after emergence of multidrug resistant salmonellae ciprofloxacin, a fluorquinolone antibiotic was the first-line therapy. treatment failure was observed with ciprofloxacin soon and such strains showed in-vitro resistance to nalidixic acid. recent reports suggest re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitive strains and increasing nalidixic acid resistance. this study ... | 2012 | 23440906 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a in a tertiary care hospital. | enteric fever is still an important public health problem in developing countries including nepal. a changing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a and emergence of multi drug resistance has increased to a great concern. aim of the study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a. | 2012 | 23281454 |
| azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in salmonella bloodstream infections in cambodian adults. | salmonella enterica is a frequent cause of bloodstream infection (bsi) in asia but few data are available from cambodia. we describe salmonella bsi isolates recovered from patients presenting at sihanouk hospital centre of hope, phnom penh, cambodia (july 2007-december 2010). | 2012 | 23272255 |
| storing drinking-water in copper pots kills contaminating diarrhoeagenic bacteria. | microbially-unsafe water is still a major concern in most developing countries. although many water-purification methods exist, these are expensive and beyond the reach of many people, especially in rural areas. ayurveda recommends the use of copper for storing drinking-water. therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of copper pot on microbially-contaminated drinking-water. the antibacterial effect of copper pot against important diarrhoeagenic bacteria, including vibrio ... | 2012 | 22524115 |
| antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from pakistani spices against salmonella and other multi-drug resistant bacteria. | the main objective of this study was the phytochemical characterization of four indigenous essential oils obtained from spices and their antibacterial activities against the multidrug resistant clinical and soil isolates prevalent in pakistan, and atcc reference strains. | 2013 | 24119438 |
| bacterial etiologies of five core syndromes: laboratory-based syndromic surveillance conducted in guangxi, china. | under the existing national surveillance system in china for selected infectious diseases, bacterial cultures are performed for only a small percentage of reported cases. we set up a laboratory-based syndromic surveillance system to elucidate bacterial etiologic spectrum and detect infection by rare etiologies (or serogroups) for five core syndromes in the given study area. | 2014 | 25360596 |
| gastroenteritis due to typhoidal salmonella: a decade of observation at an urban and a rural diarrheal disease hospital in bangladesh. | the study aimed to compare the socio-demographic, host and clinical characteristics, seasonality and antimicrobial susceptibility of typhoidal salmonella (salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi) (ts) with diarrhea between urban and rural bangladesh. | 2014 | 25098316 |
| a highly sensitive elisa and immunochromatographic strip for the detection of salmonella typhimurium in milk samples. | murine monoclonal antibodies to target salmonella typhimurium flagellin and lipopolysaccharide (lps) were prepared and characterized. for the immunological detection of s. typhimurium, different pairs of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were tested in a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) format. after comparison, a sandwich elisa and immunochromatographic strip based on lps mabs was established to detect s. typhimurium. the determination limits of the immunochromatographic strip in p ... | 2015 | 25746094 |
| antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of indigofera trita linn. | an in vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of indigofera trita l. viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were carried out. a total of 21 microorganisms (19 bacteria and 2 fungal strains) were used for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method and a standard procedure was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against staphylococcus aureus (14.40 mm), ... | 2013 | 24146483 |
| antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized by marine ochrobactrum sp. | metal nanoparticle synthesis is an interesting area in nanotechnology due to their remarkable optical, magnetic, electrical, catalytic and biomedical properties, but there needs to develop clean, non-toxic and environmental friendly methods for the synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles. biological agents in the form of microbes have emerged up as efficient candidates for nanoparticle synthesis due to their extreme versatility to synthesize diverse nanoparticles with varying size and shape. in ... | 2014 | 25763025 |
| bacteriophages lytic for salmonella rapidly reduce salmonella contamination on glass and stainless steel surfaces. | a cocktail of six lytic bacteriophages, salmofresh™, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the number of surface-applied salmonella kentucky and brandenburg from stainless steel and glass surfaces by > 99% (2.1-4.3 log). both strains were susceptible to salmofresh™ in the spot-test assay. conversely, salmofresh™ was unable to reduce surface contamination with a salmonella paratyphi b strain that was not susceptible to the phage cocktail in the spot-test assay. however, by replacing two salmofresh™ co ... | 2013 | 24228226 |
| the microbiological and clinical characteristics of invasive salmonella in gallbladders from cholecystectomy patients in kathmandu, nepal. | gallbladder carriage of invasive salmonella is considered fundamental in sustaining typhoid fever transmission. bile and tissue was obtained from 1,377 individuals undergoing cholecystectomy in kathmandu to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and relevance of invasive salmonella in the gallbladder in an endemic area. twenty percent of bile samples contained a gram-negative organism, with salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi a isolated from 24 and 22 individuals, respectively. gallbl ... | 2012 | 23077595 |
| determination of baseline widal titres amongst apparently healthy blood donors in ahmednagar, maharashtra, india. | enteric fever is endemic in all parts of india. the widal agglutination test is widely used for its diagnosis. but the interpretation of widal test depends upon the baseline titre which is prevalent amongst healthy individuals in a particular geographical area. | 2013 | 24551619 |
| mix-infection of s. typhi and paratyphi a in typhoid fever and chronic typhoid carriers: a nested pcr based study in north india. | enteric fever is a systemic disease caused by salmonella organism such as serotypes typhi and paratyphi a, b, c. salmonella paratyphi a contributes more than 50% of all the enteric fever cases and it has recently been projected as an emerging pathogen. | 2014 | 25584217 |
| characterization of two polyvalent phages infecting enterobacteriaceae. | bacteriophages display remarkable genetic diversity and host specificity. in this study, we explore phages infecting bacterial strains of the enterobacteriaceae family because of their ability to infect related but distinct hosts. we isolated and characterized two novel virulent phages, sh6 and sh7, using a strain of shigella flexneri as host bacterium. morphological and genomic analyses revealed that phage sh6 belongs to the t1virus genus of the siphoviridae family. conversely, phage sh7 was cl ... | 2017 | 28091598 |
| antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of the phytochemicals of whole leucas aspera extract. | to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of whole leucas aspera (labiatae) (l. aspera) alcoholic extract. | 0 | 23620850 |
| antimicrobial activity of ayurvedic tablet "hadrabi". | the ethanolic extract of "hadrabi" powder was tested for antimicrobial activites against gram positive organisms-staphylococus aureus, bacillus subtilis, clostridium perfringens and gram negative organisms-pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella paratyphi -b, escherichia coli & klebsiella pneumoniae significant antimicrobial activity of the extract was found in this study at the dose of 1250 mg. | 2002 | 22557061 |
| antibacterial activity of aegle marmelos against leaf, bark and fruit extracts. | the antibacterial activity of the methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts from the leaves, bark and fruit of a. marmelos was studied using disc diffusion method against bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a and salmonella paratyphi b (gram negative). results suggest that the methanolic extract has significant antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. the present study justifies the clai ... | 2008 | 22557272 |
| the impact of carvacrol on ammonia and biogenic amine production by common foodborne pathogens. | the impact of carvacrol at different levels (0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) on ammonia (amn) and biogenic amines (bas) production by 8 common foodborne pathogens (fbps) (staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila, and salmonella paratyphi a) was studied using a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method. significant differences among bacteria (p < 0.05) in amn and ba production were obs ... | 2015 | 26580308 |
| antimicrobial impacts of essential oils on food borne-pathogens. | the antimicrobial activity of twelve essential oil (pine oil, eucalyptus, thyme, sage tea, lavender, orange, laurel, lemon, myrtle, lemon, rosemary and juniper) was tested by a disc diffusion method against food borne pathogens (escherichia coli, salmonella paratyphi a, klebsiella pneumoniae, yersinia enterocolitica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, aeromonas hydrophila, campylobacter jejuni, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus). the major components in essential oils were monoterpenes hydrocarb ... | 2015 | 26072990 |
| antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds and leaf extracts in jatropha tanjorensis. | jatropha tanjorensis was investigated scientifically to generate evidence for the efficacies reported in traditional systems and the results are given here. | 2012 | 22884742 |
| the function of lactic acid bacteria and brine solutions on biogenic amine formation by foodborne pathogens in trout fillets. | the influences of lactic acid bacteria and brine solutions on the biogenic amine formation by staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterococus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria monocytogenes, aeromonas hydrophila and salmonella paratyphi a in fermented trout fillets were investigated. fish fillets were divided into four groups, group 1 without any lactic acid bacteria inoculation, group 2 and group 3 with different salt concentration inoculated with lactic aci ... | 2011 | 25212358 |
| synergistic and antagonistic effect of lactic acid bacteria on tyramine production by food-borne pathogenic bacteria in tyrosine decarboxylase broth. | the effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains on tyramine (tyr) and also other biogenic amines (ba) production by eight common food-borne pathogen (fbp) in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (tdb) was investigated by using a rapid hplc method. significant differences were observed among the fbp strains in ammonia (amn) and ba production apart from tryptamine, histamine (his) and spermine formation (p<0.05). salmonella paratyphi a was characterised as the main amine producer. lab had an important sy ... | 2011 | 25214109 |
| antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the phenolics of leea indica leaf extract. | this study investigated the phytochemical, antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of leea indica leaf ethanol extract. phytochemical values namely total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant capacity, dpph radical scavenging effect, fecl3 reducing power, dmso superoxide scavenging effect and iron chelating effects were studied by established methods. antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects were screened by disk diffusion technique, food poison technique and brine ... | 2013 | 23961238 |
| physiological characteristics of crab portunus sanguinolentus egg mass extract from southeast coast of india. | the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the physiological characteristics of crab egg mass (portunus sanguinolentus) crude extract. | 2015 | 25423672 |
| pyrosequencing analysis of microbial community and food-borne bacteria on restaurant cutting boards collected in seri kembangan, malaysia, and their correlation with grades of food premises. | this study adopts the pyrosequencing technique to identify bacteria present on 26 kitchen cutting boards collected from different grades of food premises around seri kembangan, a city in malaysia. pyrosequencing generated 452,401 of total reads of otus with an average of 1.4×10(7) bacterial cells/cm(2). proteobacteria, firmicutes and bacteroides were identified as the most abundant phyla in the samples. taxonomic richness was generally high with >1000 operational taxonomic units (otus) observed ... | 2015 | 25679309 |
| antibacterial activity of an acidic phospholipase a2 (nn-xib-pla2) from the venom of naja naja (indian cobra). | the resistance of bacteria against the use of conventional antibiotics has become a serious threat to public health and considering the associated side effect with antibiotics; new strategies to find and develop new molecules with novel modes of action has received grate attention in recent years. in this study, when the antibacterial potential of an acidic protein-nn-xib-pla2 (naja naja venom phospholipase a2 fraction-xib) of naja naja venom was evaluated, it showed significant bactericidal act ... | 2016 | 26885465 |
| antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-viiia) from daboia russelii pulchella (russell's viper) venom. | microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics poses a serious threat to public health. furthermore, the side effects of these antibiotics have stimulated tremendous interest in developing new molecules from diverse organisms as therapeutic agents. this study evaluates the antibacterial potential of a basic protein, vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction viiia (vrv-pl-viiia), from daboia russelii pulchella venom against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | 2015 | 26042153 |
| antibacterial potential of a basic phospholipase a2 (vrv-pl-v) of daboia russellii pulchella (russell's viper) venom. | microbial/bacterial resistance against antibiotics is considered as a potentially serious threat to public health. further, as these antibiotics elicit side effects, there is interest in developing new molecules with novel modes of action from diverse organisms. along these lines, in this study the antibacterial potential of the basic protein vrv-pl-v (vipera russellii venom phospholipase a2 fraction v) of daboia russellii pulchella venom was evaluated. vrv-pl-v demonstrated a potent antibacteri ... | 2014 | 25540009 |
| green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the extract of the inflorescence of cocos nucifera (family: arecaceae) for enhanced antibacterial activity. | green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant source has been given much importance. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized using the ethyl acetate and methanol (ea: m 40:60) extracts of the inflorescence of the tree cocous nucifera. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by uv-visible spectroscope, ftir and tem analysis. the particle size of the synthesized agnps was 22nm as confirmed by tem. the qualitative assessment of reducing potential of the extracts ... | 2014 | 24762541 |
| the antimicrobial activities of processed nigerian and south african black tea. | the antibacterial activity of processed nigerian lipton tea and south african 5 roses tea, extracted using distilled water, chloroform and 70% ethanol were determined against nine (9) enteropathogenic bacteria which includes; bacillus subtilis, proteus sp, enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, salmonella arizona and staphylococcus aureus. the 2 tea bags, nigerian lipton tea bag and the south african 5 roses tea bag were extracted thr ... | 2010 | 22416657 |
| antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analyses of polygonum aviculare l. (polygonaceae), naturally growing in egypt. | polygonum aviculare (polygonaceae) is an herb commonly distributed in mediterranean coastal regions in egypt and used in folkloric medicine. organic and aqueous solvent extracts and fractions of p. aviculare were investigated for antimicrobial activities on several microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. phytochemical constituents of air-dried powered plant parts were extracted using aqueous and organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, chloroform and water). antimicrobial activity of the concent ... | 2010 | 23961059 |
| sonochemical fabrication of edible fragrant antimicrobial nano coating on textiles and polypropylene cups. | we report on a simple and effective ultrasound-assisted deposition of vanillin nanoparticles (∼50nm in size), raspberry ketone (rk) nanoparticles (∼40nm in size) and camphor nanoparticles (width ∼30nm, length ∼40nm in size) on textiles and on polypropylene surfaces. the excellent antibacterial and antifungal activity of the fragrant coatings on cotton bandages, and polypropylene surface against escherichia coli (e. coli), salmonella paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) and the yeast candida albicans (c. ... | 2016 | 27569647 |
| synthesis of novel spirooxindole derivatives by one pot multicomponent reaction and their antimicrobial activity. | a series of novel spirooxindoles have been synthesized through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine ylide generated from isatin and sarcosine or l-proline with the dipolarophile 1,4-naphthoquinone followed by spontaneous dehydrogenation. synthesised compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities against eight bacteria and three fungi. all the spirooxindole derivatives exhibited significant antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, s. aureus (mrsa), enterobacter aer ... | 2012 | 22405285 |
| construction of recombinant pichia pastoris carrying a constitutive avbd9 gene and analysis of its activity. | avian beta-defensin 9 (avbd9) is a small cationic peptide consisting of 41 amino acids that plays a crucial rule in innate immunity and acquired immunity in chickens. owing to its wide antibacterial spectrum, lack of a residue, and failure to induce bacterial drug resistance, avbd9 is expected to become a substitute for conventional antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industries. using the preferred codon of pichia pastoris, the mature avbd9 peptide was designed and synthesized, based on th ... | 2015 | 26370794 |
| [clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal salmonella enteric infections in children: 2012-2014]. | to understand the clinical epidemiology and manifestation of nontyphoidal salmonella (nts)enteric infections and serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of nts in children. | 2016 | 27412737 |
| antibacterial metabolites secreted under glucose-limited environment of the mimicked proximal colon model by lactobacilli abundant in infant feces. | the most abundance of anti-salmonella lactic acid bacteria (lab) was found in feces of naturally born, exclusively breastfed thai infants. six strains of lactobacillus plantarum and one strain of lactobacillus paracasei were selected and identified. in the co-cultivation assay, l. plantarum subsp. plantarum i62 showed the strongest and broadest antibacterial activity against escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, salmonella paratyphi a, and salmonella typhimurium sa 2093 under the mimicked proximal ... | 2016 | 27188778 |
| detection of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in human and food isolates of salmonella enterica and escherichia coli in england and wales. | in response to the first report of transmissible colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene in escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from animals and humans in china, we sought to determine its presence in enterobacteriaceae isolated in the uk. | 2016 | 27090630 |
| structural characterization and biomedical properties of sulfated polysaccharide from the gladius of sepioteuthis lessoniana (lesson, 1831). | sulfated polysaccharide was extracted from the internal shell (gladius) of sepioteuthis lessoniana. the sulfated polysaccharide contained 61.3% of carbohydrate, 0.8% of protein, 28.2% of ash and 1.33% of moisture respectively. the elemental composition was analyzed using chns/o analyzer. the molecular weight of sulfated polysaccharide determined through page was found to be as 66 kda. monosaccharides analysis revealed that sulfated polysaccharide was composed of rhamnose, galactose, xylose and g ... | 2016 | 26724686 |
| multiple-site mutations of phage bp7 endolysin improves its activities against target bacteria. | the widespread use of antibiotics has caused serious drug resistance. bacteria that were once easily treatable are now extremely difficult to treat. endolysin can be used as an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria. to analyze the antibacterial activity of the endolysin of phage bp7 (bp7e), a 489-bp dna fragment of endolysin bp7e was pcr-amplified from a phage bp7 genome and cloned, and then a pet28a-bp7e prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. two amino ... | 2015 | 26490045 |
| detection of typhoidal and paratyphoidal salmonella in blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the gold standard for diagnosis of enteric fever caused by salmonella typhi or salmonella paratyphi a or b is bone marrow culture. however, because bone marrow aspiration is highly invasive, many hospitals and large health centers perform blood culture instead. as blood culture has several limitations, there is a need for novel typhoid diagnostics with improved sensitivity and more rapid time to detection. | 2015 | 26449938 |
| impact of cell-free supernatant of lactic acid bacteria on putrescine and other polyamine formation by foodborne pathogens in ornithine decarboxylase broth. | conversion of ornithine to putrescine by salmonella paratyphi a, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli was investigated in ornithine decarboxylase broth (odb) using cell-free supernatants (cfss) obtained from leuconostoc mesenterodies subsp. cremoris, pediococcus acidilactici, lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, streptococcus thermophilus. two groups of cell-free supernatants (25 or 50%) and control (only odb) were prepared to investigate putrescine (put) and other po ... | 2015 | 26043863 |
| antibacterial efficacy of five medicinal plants against multidrug-resistant enteropathogenic bacteria infecting under-5 hospitalized children. | to evaluate in vitro antibacterial effectiveness of five medicinal plants used by an indian aborigine, against 8 multidrug-resistant (mdr) enteropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of under-5 hospitalized children. | 2015 | 25609371 |
| the influence of the cell free solution of lactic acid bacteria on tyramine production by food borne-pathogens in tyrosine decarboxylase broth. | the function of cell-free solutions (cfss) of lactic acid bacteria (lab) on tyramine and other biogenic amine production by different food borne-pathogens (fbps) was investigated in tyrosine decarboxylase broth (tdb) using hplc. cell free solutions were prepared from four lab strains. two different concentrations which were 50% (5 ml cfs+5 ml medium/1:1) and 25% (2.5 ml cfs+7.5 ml medium/1:3) cfs and the control without cfs were prepared. both concentration of cfs of streptococcus thermophilus a ... | 2015 | 25465993 |
| collagenases in an ether extract of bacterial metabolites used as an immunostimulator induces tnf-α and ifn-γ. | non-specific immunostimulation by bacterial extracts and their components are widely accepted for the prevention and treatment of several infectious diseases. an ether extract of the metabolites of ß-streptococcus, staphylcoccus albus, staphylcoccus aureus, escherichia coli, haemophilus influenza, moraxella caterhalis, salmonella typhi (standard o & h), salmonella paratyphi (a & b) and diptheroid bacilli along with bile lipids is used as a licensed drug for immunostimulation. while characterizin ... | 2014 | 25203593 |
| molecular clonality and detection of class 1 integron in multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica isolates from animal and human in iran. | a total of 70 multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella isolates (44 human and 26 poultry) were examined. the conserved segment-pcr, restriction fragment length polymorphism-pcr analysis, and dna sequencing were used to determine the presence and cassette content of integrons. the genetic relatedness among the isolates was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the rate of integron carriage for mdr salmonella isolates was 91.4% and integron-positive isolates belonged to six distinct ser ... | 2014 | 24866249 |
| development of a pcr test system for specific detection of salmonella paratyphi b in foods. | salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi b is a globally distributed human-specific pathogen causing paratyphoid fever. the aim of this study was to develop a rapid and reliable polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for its detection in food. the spab_01124 gene was found to be unique to s. paratyphi b using comparative genomics. primers for fragments of the spab_01124 gene and the salmonella-specific inva gene were used in combination to establish a multiplex pcr assay that showed 100% specificit ... | 2014 | 24725227 |
| [distribution of salmonella paratyphi a outer membrane protein x gene and immune-protective effect related to its recombinant expressed products]. | to determine the distribution and sequence conservation of outer membrane protein x(ompx)gene in salmonella paratyphi a isolates as well as the immunogenicity and immuno-protection of ompx gene products. | 2013 | 24518024 |
| bacteriology of a most popular street food (panipuri) and inhibitory effect of essential oils on bacterial growth. | bacteriology of panipuri was studied and the antibacterial effect of eight essential oils (eos) was established on pathogens found in panipuri. samples were collected from twelve respective vendors from different locations in baripada city, orissa. samples were fractionated into two parts viz. khatta pani and smashed potato masala used in panipuri. total plate count and isolation of pathogenic bacteria were done on both basal and selective media. coliforms were detected primarily by presumptive ... | 2012 | 24082267 |
| a multi centre laboratory study of gram negative bacterial blood stream infections in sri lanka. | data on causative agents and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of blood stream infections in sri lanka is scarce. information on trends of antibiotic resistance is necessary for the prescribers to treat patients effectively and policy makers to develop policies and guidelines. | 2013 | 23817934 |
| antimicrobial activity and rutin identification of honey produced by the stingless bee melipona compressipes manaosensis and commercial honey. | honey has been identified as a potential alternative to the widespread use of antibiotics, which are of significant concern considering the emergence of resistant bacteria. in this context, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of honey samples produced by a stingless bee species and by apis sp. against pathogenic bacteria, as well as to identify the presence of phenolic compounds. | 2013 | 23815879 |
| survival of multi-drug resistant enteropathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella paratyphi in vembanadu lake as a function of saltwater barrier along southwest coast of india. | the objective of the study was to evaluate the survival response of multi-drug resistant enteropathogenic escherichia coli and salmonella paratyphi to the salinity fluctuations induced by a saltwater barrier constructed in vembanadu lake, which separates the lake into a freshwater dominated southern and brackish water dominated northern part. therefore, microcosms containing freshwater, brackish water and microcosms with different saline concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ppt) inoculated with e. ... | 2013 | 23708579 |
| antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial activity of calpurnia aurea leaf extract. | in ethiopia, calpurnia aurea is used for the treatment of syphilis, malaria, rabies, diabetes, hypertension, diarrhoea, leishmaniasis, trachoma, elephantiasis, fungal diseases and different swellings. however, despite its traditional usage as an antidiarrhoeal and antimicrobial agent, there is limited or no information regarding its effectiveness and mode of action in diarrhoea which may be caused by shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. hence, we evalu ... | 2013 | 23351272 |
| drug resistance in salmonella strains isolated from domestic wastewater before and after treatment in stabilization ponds in an arid region (marrakech, morocco). | some 118 salmonella strains isolated before and after treatment in stabilization ponds were tested for antimicrobial resistance. in the treatment plant, which decreases the abundance of salmonella by 99%, a significantly lower level of antibiotic resistance (p<0.01) was identified at the system's inflow point (19%) than at its outflow (29%). the serotypes most frequently identified as having multiple antibiotic resistance were salmonella paratyphi b and s. typhimurium. high tetracycline resistan ... | 1995 | 24414649 |
| genomic analysis of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a during an outbreak in cambodia, 2013-2015. | in 2013, an unusual increase in the number of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a (salmonella paratyphi a) infections was reported in patients in phnom penh, cambodia, and in european, american and japanese travellers returning from cambodia. epidemiological investigations did not identify a common source of exposure. to analyse the population structure and genetic diversity of these salmonella paratyphi a isolates, we used whole-genome sequencing on 65 isolates collected from 1999 to 2014: ... | 2016 | 28348832 |
| purification and antigenic detection of o-specific polysaccharides of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a isolate from pakistan: an emerging threat. | paratyphoid fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is becoming a serious health problem in asian countries particularly pakistan, china and india and situation is aggravated by current unavailability of a licensed vaccine. this study was designed to purify the o-specific polysaccharides (osp) produced by an isolate of salmonella paratyphi a from pakistan and detect antigenicity of extracted lipopolysaccharide (lps) and purified osp pioneerly in south asian region as candidate fo ... | 2016 | 27933236 |
| emerging enteric fever due to switching biotype of salmonella (paratyphi a) in eastern odisha. | typhoid fever is classically caused by salmonella enterica serotype typhi.recently the frequency of isolation of s. paratyphi a (spa) has been increased in comparison to s. typhi in indian scenario. | 2017 | 27510670 |
| six cases of paratyphoid fever due to salmonella paratyphi a in travelers returning from myanmar between july 2014 and august 2015. | we report six cases of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a infections in travelers returning from myanmar. in 2015, 31 cases of paratyphoid fever were reported in japan, and 54.8% of those traveled to myanmar. among them, six patients presented to our hospital. they had traveled to myanmar from july 2014 to august 2015 for business purposes. all six isolates were phage type 1, and they were resistant to nalidixic acid. | 2016 | 27352874 |
| preventing invasive salmonellosis in children through vaccination. | vaccination is an important strategy to control endemic enteric fever (ef) and to interrupt transmission during outbreaks. the main aim of this paper is to discuss the efficacy of available ef vaccines in children and to highlight novel vaccination possibilities against ef and non-typhoid invasive salmonelloses. | 2016 | 27140662 |
| status of paratyphoid fever vaccine research and development. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi (s. paratyphi) a and b cause enteric fever in humans. of the paratyphoid group, s. paratyphi a is the most common serovar. in 2000, there were an estimated 5.4 million cases of s. paratyphi a worldwide. more recently paratyphoid fever has accounted for an increasing fraction of all cases of enteric fever. although vaccines for typhoid fever have been developed and in use for decades, vaccines for paratyphoid fever have not yet been licensed. sever ... | 2016 | 27083427 |
| a multicountry molecular analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in sub-saharan africa. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-saharan africa (ssa). increasing numbers of s. typhi with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different parts of the world. however, data from ssa are limited. in this study, we aimed to measure the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of s. typhi isolated from patients with febrile illness in ssa. | 2016 | 26933020 |
| filament formation of salmonella paratyphi a accompanied by ftsz assembly impairment and low level ppgpp. | previously, we reported that salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a strain s602 grew into multinuclear, nonseptate, and nonlethal filaments on agar plates containing nitrogenous salts. strain s602 was more sensitive to osmotic and oxidative stress than the reference strain 3p243 of nonfilamentous salmonella paratyphi a. strain s602 had an amber mutation (c154t) in rpos. the revertant of this mutant, sr603, was repressed to form filaments under conditions with abundant nitrogenous salts. however ... | 2015 | 26549184 |
| breast abscess by salmonella paratyphi a: case report and literature review. | a case of suspicious breast mass due to salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a in a non-lactating, diabetic female is being described. the infection was successfully treated with a combination of surgical drainage and antibiotic treatment. this case highlights the fact that a focal salmonella infection involving the breast should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis for breast malignancy and submission of specimens for microbiological analysis may be helpful in establishment of an ac ... | 2015 | 26500907 |
| understanding paratyphoid infection: study protocol for the development of a human model of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a challenge in healthy adult volunteers. | this study will develop the first human challenge model of paratyphoid infection which may then be taken forward to evaluate paratyphoid vaccine candidates. salmonella paratyphi a is believed to cause a quarter of the estimated 20 million cases of enteric fever annually. epidemiological evidence also suggests that an increasing proportion of the enteric fever burden is attributable to s. paratyphi infection meriting further attention and interest in vaccine development. assessment of paratyphoid ... | 2015 | 26082464 |
| live attenuated vaccines for invasive salmonella infections. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi produces significant morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the fact that there are licensed salmonella typhi vaccines available. this is primarily due to the fact that these vaccines are not used in the countries that most need them. there is growing recognition that an effective invasive salmonella vaccine formulation must also prevent infection due to other salmonella serovars. we anticipate that a multivalent vaccine that targets the following serovars wi ... | 2015 | 25902362 |
| a case of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a from india. | enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica is a systemic infection with high rates of morbidity and mortality. increasing antibiotic resistance in s. enterica has led to shift in the choice of antibiotics used against this organism from chloramphenicol and ampicillin to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. resistance to cephalosporins, due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), is the cause of serious concern worldwide. ... | 2015 | 25673610 |
| complex adaptive immunity to enteric fevers in humans: lessons learned and the path forward. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi), the causative agent of typhoid fever, and s. paratyphi a and b, causative agents of paratyphoid fever, are major public health threats throughout the world. although two licensed typhoid vaccines are currently available, they are only moderately protective and immunogenic necessitating the development of novel vaccines. a major obstacle in the development of improved typhoid, as well as paratyphoid vaccines is the lack of known immunological correlat ... | 2014 | 25386175 |
| salmonella enterica serovar typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. | salmonella enterica serovar typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. s. typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease. antimicrobial usage is reshaping the current s. typhi global population and may be driving the emergence of a specific haplotype, h58, that is well adapted to transmission in modern settings and is able to resist antimicrobial killing more efficiently than other s. typhi. evidence gathered through g ... | 2014 | 25208300 |
| case report: failure under azithromycin treatment in a case of bacteremia due to salmonella enterica paratyphi a. | limited information is available regarding the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for the treatment of enteric fever due to fluoroquinolone-resistant salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi among travelers returning to their home countries. | 2014 | 25041573 |
| paratyphoid fever: splicing the global analyses. | the incidence of enteric fever caused by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a (s. paratyphi a) is increasing in many parts of the world. although there is no major outbreak of paratyphoid fever in recent years, s. paratyphi a infection still remains a public health problem in many tropical countries. therefore, surveillance studies play an important role in monitoring infections and the emergence of multidrug resistance, especially in endemic countries such as india, nepal, pakistan and china ... | 2014 | 24904229 |
| purification of o-specific polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide produced by salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a. | the o specific polysaccharide (osp) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a is a protective antigen and the target for vaccine development. lps is the major constituent of the outer membrane of s. paratyphi a with the osp exposed on the surface, in addition to the cell associated lps a large amount of free lps was present in the fermentation broth. a purification method was developed to take advantage of both sources of lps and to maximize recovery of osp. afte ... | 2014 | 24631090 |
| comparison of salmonella typhi and paratyphi a occurrence in a tertiary care hospital. | enteric fever is an important public health problem in many underdeveloped and developing countries. in india, though salmonella enterica serotype typhi remains the predominant salmonella species causing enteric fever, isolation of salmonella enterica serotype paratyphi a is increasing. it occurs in all age groups and more common in summer season affecting mainly children. | 2013 | 24551623 |
| revised ciprofloxacin breakpoints for salmonella: is it time to write an obituary? | to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin among 50 blood stream isolates of salmonella enterica. | 2013 | 24392374 |
| poultry as a possible source of non-typhoidal salmonella enterica serovars in humans in bangladesh. | we investigated salmonella enterica isolates from human clinical cases of gastroenteritis to determine the distribution of non-typhoidal salmonella serovars in the human population, and compared them to isolates originating from poultry by serotyping, phage typing, plasmid profiling, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) to evaluate the potential role of poultry in human non-typhoidal salmonellosis in bangladesh. nine different serovars were identified am ... | 2014 | 24355536 |