| reproductive losses associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in a japanese herd of seronegative sows. | from april to july 2009, there was a high rate of reproductive losses in a 30-sow, farrow-to-finish swine herd in yamagata prefecture, japan. histopathological examinations of heart tissue from stillborn and preweaning piglets showed nonsuppurative, necrotizing lesions. immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis of myocardial lesions revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigens and dna in these tissues. indirect immunofluorescence also showed that t ... | 2011 | 21358147 |
| epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea. | epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ... | 2011 | 21368558 |
| interlaboratory comparison of porcine circovirus-2 indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on experimentally infected pigs. | a blinded interlaboratory assessment of the diagnostic agreement and accuracy of serologic tests for routine detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2), including indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifats) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) was conducted in 7 north american laboratories. serum samples were collected weekly, on trial days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49, from the following groups of animals: 1) negative controls (n ôçè=ôçè 7), 2) pcv-2a (n ôçè=ôçè ... | 2011 | 21398438 |
| theoretical and experimental approaches to estimate the usefulness of pooled serum samples for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | classical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) diagnosis is based on postmortem findings (histopathology plus viral detection in lymphoid tissues). because one of the major differences between pmws-affected and nonaffected pigs is porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) load in serum and tissues, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic technique for the disease. the objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of qp ... | 2011 | 21398441 |
| detection of influenza a virus in porcine oral fluid samples. | porcine oral fluids have been used for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2. the objective of the present study was to determine whether influenza a virus (fluav) is present in porcine oral fluids at detectable levels and to validate a standard fluav molecular diagnostic test for porcine oral fluids. pen-based oral fluid samples were collected on 3, 4, 5, and 6 days postinfection (dpi) from 4 groups of 6 pigs each that were inoculated intr ... | 2011 | 21398442 |
| specific, simple and rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). it has caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws. | 2011 | 21414233 |
| porcine circovirus-associated disease in weaner pigs in western australia. | to report the occurrence and pathology of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) of postweaning pigs in two australian pig herds. | 2011 | 21418168 |
| antibody recognition of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein epitopes after vaccination, infection, and disease. | open reading frame 2 (orf2) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) codes for the 233-amino-acid capsid protein (cp). baculovirus-based vaccines that express only orf2 are protective against clinical disease following experimental challenge or natural infection. the goal of this study was to identify regions in cp preferentially recognized by sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs and to compare these responses to those of pigs diagnosed with porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcv ... | 2011 | 21430122 |
| modification of pcv-2 virulence by substitution of the genogroup motif of the capsid protein. | abstract: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is the causal agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pcv-2 are small single-stranded circular dna viruses clustered into two main genogroups: pcv-2a and pcv-2b. each genogroup present a specific highly-conserved motif of six amino acids (between amino acids 86 and 91) in the pcv-2 capsid protein. the aim of this study was to verify whether the motif located in the capsid protein and specific to each pcv-2 genogroup contributes ... | 2011 | 21435235 |
| expression of the putative orf1 capsid protein of torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) and development of western blot and elisa serodiagnostic assays: correlation between ttsuv2 viral load and igg antibody level in pigs. | porcine torque teno virus (ttv) has a single-stranded circular dna genome and is currently classified into a new genus iotatorquevirus with two species in a newly established family anelloviridae. viral dna of both porcine ttv species (ttsuv1 and ttsuv2) has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of ttsuv with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same species has been documented in the united states and in europe. however, the prevalence of specifi ... | 2011 | 21439334 |
| genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the romanian wild boar population. | in this study, we have analyzed 23 pcv2 orf2 sequences recovered from wild boar population in romania. the pcv2 sequences were originated from different geographical regions in romania, and collected between 2008 and 2009 during the classical swine fever virus (csfv) surveillance campaign. complete open reading frame 2 (orf2) nucleotide sequences were obtained and compared with sequences mainly from european and asian isolates. the romanian sequences were identified as belonging to previously de ... | 2011 | 21453946 |
| commercial spray-dried porcine plasma does not transmit porcine circovirus type 2 in weaned pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the objective of this study was to evaluate if spray dried porcine plasma (sdpp) containing porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome supplemented in feed could transmit pcv2 to pigs challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). twenty-three prrsv-free pigs, non-viraemic for pcv2, were housed in bio-safety level 3 facilities and assigned to four groups in a 2×2 factorial design consisting of prrsv challenge and a negative control. the diet contained 0 or 8kg sdpp per ... | 2011 | 21458335 |
| natural recombinants derived from different patterns of recombination between two pcv2b parental strains. | porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) are globally emerging diseases that have huge economic impacts on swine industry. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is considered to be the essential primary causative agent of pcvd. in the present study, recombination analyses of pcv2 identified two possible recombination events with high confidence using recombination detection program, phylogenetic analysis and base-by-base comparison. these recombination events occurred between strains 09cq (hq395024) and zh ... | 2011 | 21458511 |
| expression and antigenicity characterization for truncated capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify f2-1, f2-2, and xf2-2 truncated capsid protein genes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). amplified sequences were subcloned to pet-32a(+) vectors and expressed in rosetta (de3) escherichia coli by induction of isopropy-ß-d-thiogalactoside (iptg). all of the fusion proteins had positive reactions to pcv-2 antiserum and his-xf2-2 showed the best reactivity. proteins were used to immunize balb/c mice to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs), ... | 2011 | 21461197 |
| patterns of condemnation rates in swine from a federally inspected abattoir in relation to disease outbreak information in ontario (2005-2007). | strong correlations between clinical signs on farms and the presence of lesions at slaughter have been reported. the objective of this study was to determine if changes in condemnation rates provide a data source for surveillance of disease outbreaks in pigs. the data were obtained from 1 abattoir in ontario (2005-2007). the epidemiological relevance of the results was based on an outbreak of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario in 2005. the total condemnations and condemnati ... | 2011 | 21461204 |
| [investigation of the prevalence of swine torque teno virus in austria]. | in the present retrospective study, serum samples from a total of 253 pigs of different age groups from 83 farms collected in the year 2008 were included.the sera were analysed for the presence of torque teno virus (ttv) genogroups 1 and 2. furthermore, the correlation between ttv and pcv-2 was investigated. 62.1% of the pigs were positive for ttv1 and/or ttv2 by pcr. 21.7% of the samples were positive for ttv1 and ttv2, 16.2% only for ttv1 and 23.3% only for ttv2. in 80.7% of the investigated f ... | 2011 | 21465770 |
| [coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression of porcine alveolar macrophages]. | our study is to analyse the coinfection effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in vivo on phagocytosis and interferon mrna expression level of porcine alveolar macrophages (pam). | 2011 | 21465796 |
| molecular detection of torque teno sus virus in lymphoid tissues in concomitant infections with other porcine viral pathogens. | in this study, 40 pigs with respiratory and wasting disorders from cuban swine herds were screened by pcr for the presence of ttsuv1, ttsuv2, pcv-2, ppv and csfv in spleen samples. the variability of the porcine ttsuv sequences obtained was investigated by phylogenetic analysis. this study showed for the first time that ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 were present in cuban swine herds. the investigation revealed the following infection rates: ttsuv1 40%, ttsuv2 37.5%, pcv-2 70%, ppv 37.5% and csfv in 52.5%. t ... | 2011 | 21482428 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination is effective in reducing disease and pcv2 shedding in semen of boars concurrently infected with pcv2 and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. | the objectives were to determine whether the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in semen increased in boars experimentally coinfected with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo), and whether pcv2 vaccination of boars prior to pcv2 exposure reduced pcv2 viremia and virus shedding in semen. twelve specific-pathogen-free pcv2- and mhyo-naïve boars were randomly and equally assigned to one of four groups. six boars were vaccinated against pcv2 (vac) on day 0; three pcv2 vaccinated and three no ... | 2011 | 21496897 |
| the studies on the transfection of egfp-fused porcine circovirus type 2 genome. | the study described the construction and transfection of egfp-fused porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genome and the recovery of the virus. post-transfection, pcv2 (orf1)-egfp/psk, pcv2 (orf3)-egfp/psk, pcv2 (orf4)-egfp/psk, and pcv2(orf5)-egfp/psk showed no fluorescent signals in transfected cells, while green fluorescent signals were observed in the nucleus of pk-15 cells after pcv2 (orf2)-egfp/psk transfection. the presence of orf2-egfp fusion protein was demonstrated by dual signals of green ... | 2011 | 21502729 |
| phylogenetic networks to study the origin and evolution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in cuba. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which is considered one of the most economically important swine diseases worldwide. in this study, a comparison between methodologies based on classical phylogenetic trees and networks to infer the origin of pcv2 in cuba was performed. in addition, the mechanisms supporting the genetic variability of cuban pcv2 populations were investigated. a retrospective study, ... | 2011 | 21507587 |
| vitamin e and selenium levels are within normal range in pigs diagnosed with mulberry heart disease and evidence for viral involvement in the syndrome is lacking. | mulberry heart disease (mhd) in pigs is characterized by lesions of acute haemorrhagic myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. the objectives of this study were to determine the levels of vitamin e and selenium and 13 other trace minerals in heart and liver tissues and to determine the prevalence of certain viral infections in heart tissues from mhd-affected and mhd-unaffected pigs and the vitamin e and selenium concentration in feed samples from selected farms with mhd. based on the pathological e ... | 2011 | 21518323 |
| natural co-infection of torque teno virus and porcine circovirus 2 in the reproductive apparatus of swine. | this work aimed to detect and study natural co-infection of circoviridae torque teno virus (ttv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) in the swine reproductive apparatus. semen and organs from 17 boars were tested by nested and real-time pcr. pcv2 was amplified from semen (47%), lymph nodes (84.6%) and testicles (35.3%). ttv2 was amplified from 16/17 testis and 13/13 lymph nodes. ttv1 dna was detected in fewer testicle samples (2/17), which were also ttv2 positive. analyzed ovaries, follicular fluid ... | 2011 | 21529865 |
| association of porcine circovirus type 2 with vascular lesions in porcine pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the vasculature in porcine circovirus type 2-infected (pcv2-infected) lungs and to identify the pcv2 subtypes involved in porcine pneumonia. pulmonary samples from 140 pigs, 2 weeks to 7 months of age, from 36 hungarian commercial herds with clinical signs of respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory pathogens, with bacterial culture, pathologic evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for pcv2, porcine reproductive respiratory syndrome v ... | 2011 | 21551427 |
| molecular and infectivity studies of porcine circovirus in vaccines. | this report describes fda's laboratory response to the 2010 reports that porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv-1) dna was present in u.s.-licensed rotavirus vaccines and in cells used to produce inactivated poliovirus vaccines. in the present study, rotarix(®) (glaxosmithkline, rixenxart, belgium) was found to contain full-length pcv-1 genomes that are particle-associated, and cell culture assays in swine testis (st) and pcv-free porcine kidney (pk-15) cells confirmed that pcv-1 sequences in this vacci ... | 2011 | 21569811 |
| field effectiveness of pandemic and 2009-2010 seasonal vaccines against 2009-2010 a(h1n1) influenza: estimations from surveillance data in france. | in this study, we assess how effective pandemic and trivalent 2009-2010 seasonal vaccines were in preventing influenza-like illness (ili) during the 2009 a(h1n1) pandemic in france. we also compare vaccine effectiveness against ili versus laboratory-confirmed pandemic a(h1n1) influenza, and assess the possible bias caused by using non-specific endpoints and observational data. | 2011 | 21573005 |
| removal of virus from boar semen spiked with porcine circovirus type 2. | the virus porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with different disease entities, including reproductive failure. the objective of this study was to investigate the use of a semen processing technique for the elimination of infectious pcv2 in semen. pcv2 was chosen as a model virus because of its small size, high resistance to inactivation and as a known risk factor for boar semen contamination. aliquots of ejaculates were spiked with pcv2 and processed by a double processing technique, ... | 2011 | 21592690 |
| effects of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on pcv2 virus shedding in semen from experimentally infected boars. | the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of an inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine on pcv2b virus shedding in the semen of experimentally infected boars by measuring the immunological response and the pcv2b dna load in blood and semen. twelve boars were randomly divided into three groups. the boars in group 1 (n = 4) were immunized with an inactivated pcv2 vaccine and were challenged with pcv2b.the boars in group 2 (n = 4) were only challenged with pcv2b.th ... | 2011 | 21613465 |
| effect of dietary arginine supplementation on reproductive performance of mice with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | the objective of this study was to investigate whether supplemental dietary arginine increases reproductive performance in mice infected with porcine circovirus type2 (pcv2). a total of 50km female mice were allotted randomly to the arginine group (0.6% arginine + gestation diet) and control group (1.22% alanine + gestation diet). all the mice began to mate after 14 days of treatment with our prepared feed and challenged with pcv2 at the dose of 100 tcid(50) (50% tissue culture infection dose, t ... | 2011 | 21617969 |
| co-expression of ubiquitin gene and capsid protein gene enhances the potency of dna immunization of pcv2 in mice. | abstract: a recombinant plasmid that co-expressed ubiquitin and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virus capsid protein (cap), denoted as pc-ub-cap, and a plasmid encoding pcv2 virus cap alone, denoted as pc-cap, were transfected into 293t cells. indirect immunofluorescence (iif) and confocal microscopy were performed to measure the cellular expression of cap. three groups of mice were then vaccinated once every three weeks for a total of three doses with pc-ub-cap, pc-cap or the empty vector pcag ... | 2011 | 21624113 |
| diagnostic performance measures of elisa and quantitative pcr tests for porcine circovirus type 2 exposure using bayesian latent class analysis. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is believed to be a necessary but not sufficient underlying cause of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in swine (opriessnig et al., 2007). since the potential threat of pcvad is dependent on the prevalence of pcv2 in swine populations, accurate diagnostic tests are important for epidemiologic surveillance. therefore, we evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) of a new indirect elisa and two quantitative pcr tests for pcv2 in a series ... | 2011 | 21632130 |
| the 2.3 a structure of porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a t=1 non-enveloped icosahedral virus that has had severe impact on the swine industry. here we report the crystal structure of an n-terminally truncated pcv2 virus-like particle at 2.3 å resolution, and the cryo-em image reconstruction of a full length pcv2 virus-like particle at 9.6 å resolution. this is the first atomic structure of a circovirus. the crystal structure revealed that the capsid protein fold is a canonical viral jelly-roll. the loops connecting the ... | 2011 | 21632760 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) influences infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes pcv2a and pcv2b by prolonging pcv2 viremia and shedding. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) subtypes a (pcv2a) or b (pcv2b) viremia and shedding characteristics in oral, nasal and fecal samples in experimentally infected pigs. twenty-three, 2- to 6-week-old pigs were randomly divided into five groups: negative control (n=3), pcv2a-i (n=5), pcv2a-prrsv-coi (n=5), pcv2b-i (n=5), and pcv2b-prrsv-coi (n=5). blood, oral, nasal a ... | 2011 | 21641124 |
| construction and biological characterisation of recombinant porcine circovirus type 2 expressing the v5 epitope tag. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a major causal agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in piglets. to investigate the feasibility of pcv2 expressing an exogenous epitope, a 14-amino-acid v5 epitope derived from simian parainfluenza virus type 5, was inserted into the c terminus of the capsid protein. recombinant pcv2 expressing the v5 epitope, recpcv2/cl-v5, was rescued by transfecting an infectious clone into pk-15 cells and was characterised by an immunoperoxidase monolayer as ... | 2011 | 21641944 |
| a live-attenuated chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine is transmitted to contact pigs but is not upregulated by concurrent infection with porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and is efficacious in a pcv2b-prrsv-ppv challenge model. | the live chimeric porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine with the capsid gene of the emerging subtype 2b cloned in the genomic backbone of the nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective immunity against pcv2. to further determine the safety and efficacy of this experimental vaccine, we tested for evidence of pig-to-pig transmission by commingling nonvaccinated and vaccinated pigs, determined potential upregulation by simultaneous vaccination and infection with porcine parv ... | 2011 | 21653745 |
| first construction of infectious clone for newly emerging mutation porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) followed by comparison with pcv2a and pcv2b genotypes in biological characteristics in vitro. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), is a serious economic problem in the swine industry. different genotypes (pcv2a, pcv2b and pcv2d) of the virus are present in the clinical cases in china, and it is necessary to elucidate the pathogenic difference among different genotypes of pcv2. in this study, four strains of different genotypes were isolated, two were ordinary strains and another two were mutation strains, which there ... | 2011 | 21658280 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for porcine circovirus type 2. | in this study, the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was used to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). according to the pcv2 sequences published in genbank, multiple lamp primers were designed targeting conserved sequences of pcv2. using the dna extracted from pcv2 isolates hun-09 and sd-09 as the template, lamp reactions in a pcv2 lamp system was performed, the amplification products were detected by adding sybr green i and could be ... | 2011 | 21667342 |
| fatal bronchopneumonia in a metastrongylus elongatus and porcine circovirus type 2 co-infected pig. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is distributed worldwide and pcv2-associated disease (pcvad) is considered among the most economically relevant ones to the global swine industry. pcv2 is known to play a causal role in the porcine respiratory disease complex, usually in close association with a large plethora of other biologic agents. we describe herein a case of fatal parasitic bronchopneumonia by metastrongylus elongatus in a pcv2-infected pig. metastrongylosis may still represent a ... | 2011 | 21669448 |
| leukogram abnormalities in gnotobiotic pigs infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a single-stranded circular dna virus that is the causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), a disease complex affecting swine around the world. although this virus is believed to negatively affect the host's immune system, the mechanism by which pcv2 induces disease is not completely understood. this report describes a series of pcv2 experiments using the gnotobiotic pig model in which a relationship was demonstrated between abnormal leu ... | 2011 | 21784586 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 potentiates morbidity of salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs. | problem addressed: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) are two leading causes of economic loss in the swine industry. although s. choleraesuis infection occurs concurrently with pcv2-associated disease in many swine herds, the pathogenesis of concurrent infection with pcv2 and s. choleraesuis remains largely undefined. objective: we investigated the interactions between pcv2 and s. choleraesuis in 20 cesarean-derived ... | 2011 | 21782358 |
| quantitative proteomics by 2-de, (16) o/(18) o labelling and linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of lymph nodes from piglets inoculated by porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as the essential causal agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. however, little is known regarding the mechanism(s) underlying the pathogenesis of pcv2-induced disease and the interaction of the virus with the host immune system. here, we present a proteomics study on inguinal lymph nodes of piglets inoculated with pcv2, in order to better understand the pathogenesis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and the pathways m ... | 2011 | 21751353 |
| functional exchangeability of the nuclear localization signal (nls) of capsid protein between pcv1 and pcv2 in vitro: implications for the role of nls in viral replication. | abstract: | 2011 | 21733152 |
| torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 viral loads in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) affected pigs. | torque teno viruses (ttv) are small, non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded dna genome, which are considered non-pathogenic. however, ttvs have been eventually linked to human diseases. ttvs infecting pigs, torque teno sus virus 1 (ttsuv1) and 2 (ttsuv2), have been recently associated to porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd). to get more insights into such potential disease association, the aim of this study was to quantify ttsuv1 and ttsuv2 viral loads in serum of pigs affected by t ... | 2011 | 21719215 |
| microbiological identification and analysis of swine tonsils collected from carcasses at slaughter. | the primary objective of this 7-month study was to determine the prevalence of porcine pathogens of the tonsil of the soft palate of swine at slaughter. additional objectives were to determine if sampling the carcasses of normal or abnormal hogs provided different microbiological profiles and if the slaughter plant provides a feasible sampling frame and environment for detecting and monitoring important pathogens in tonsils that have health implications for both swine and humans. a total of 395 ... | 2011 | 21731180 |
| multiplex method for simultaneous serological detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) are major contributors to the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). routine serological diagnosis and surveillance play an important role in the prevention of prdc, as it is a leading cause of economic losses to the swine industry. we herein describe an advanced microsphere-based immunoassay that permits the simultaneous detection of antibodies to pcv2 and prrsv, thereby reducing the time and e ... | 2011 | 21734031 |
| investigations of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in vaccine-related and other cell lines. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is highly prevalent in swine and was recently reported in u.s. licensed rotavirus vaccines. since animal-derived raw materials, such as cells, trypsin, and serum, can be a major source of introducing virus contamination in biological products, we have investigated pcv1 in several cell lines obtained from atcc that have broad use in research, diagnostics, or vaccine development. it is expected that these cell lines have been exposed to bovine and porcine viruses d ... | 2011 | 21835219 |
| unusual central nervous system lesions in slaughter-weight pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection. | porcine circovirus type 2 systemic infection was diagnosed in 2 slaughter-weight pigs based on postmortem examination. the infection was associated with unusual central nervous system lesions characterized by a multifocal lymphohistiocytic to granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis with giant cell formation. the role of these nervous system lesions in the development of the clinical signs in these pigs remains uncertain. | 2011 | 21731092 |
| farm level risk factors associated with severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome. | a cross-sectional study involving 147 pig farms across england was conducted in 2008-2009. farm severity of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was estimated through the use of an algorithm that combined data on post-weaning mortality, pmws morbidity and proportion of porcine circovirus type 2 pcr positive pigs. farms were classified as non/slightly, moderately or highly affected by pmws. data on potential pmws risk factors were collected through interviews, on-farm assessment an ... | 2011 | 21741715 |
| circovirus and impact of temporary withdrawal of rotavirus vaccines in spain. | at the beginning of 2010 dna fragments of a porcine circovirus 1 (pcv-1) were detected in the monovalent rotavirus vaccine, rotarix-« (glaxosmithkline), and later also of pcv-1 and pcv-2 in the rotateq-« (msd) vaccine. these viruses are frequently found in meat and other products for normal human consumption and have not been shown to cause disease in humans. although the world health organization (who) and the european medicines agency (ema) did not recommended discontinuation of vaccination ag ... | 2011 | 21715979 |
| porcine bocaviruses: genetic analysis and prevalence in chinese swine population. | summaryin members of the bocavirus genus, that contain three open reading frames (orfs) of the parvovirinae subfamily, porcine bocaviruses (pobovs) exhibit the most genetic diversity. based on the orf2-encoded viral protein (vp1) classification, the six reported porcine bocaviruses were grouped into four species: pobov1 (porcine boca-like virus or pbolv), pobov2 (porcine parvovirus 4 or ppv4), pobov3 (pbov1/pbov2) and pobov4 (6v/7v), with pobov3 and pobov4 each having two genotype viruses. all f ... | 2011 | 21676363 |
| properties and detection of two cryptoviruses from pepper (capsicum annuum). | pepper (capsicum annuum l.) contains a range of endogenous dsrna molecules resembling the genomes of cryptoviruses. in this work, we have completed the molecular characterization of pepper cryptic virus 1 (pcv-1) from cv "jalape+¦o m" and generated complete genomic sequences of another cryptovirus from cv "hungarian wax" designated pepper cryptic virus 2 (pcv-2). the two viruses share limited identical amino acid content in both genomic segments and appear phylogenetically closer to cryptoviruse ... | 2011 | 21695493 |
| microarray and cytokine analyses of field cases of pigs with diarrhoea. | this field study explored the cytokine expression in intestinal tissue and serum from 19 diarrhoeic and 9 healthy pigs in herds with a long-time history of lawsonia intracellularis-infection. the disease, proliferative enteropathy (pe), is associated with diarrhoea and poor performance in growers and haemorrhagic diarrhoea and sudden death in finisher pigs, but the immunopathology is poorly understood. histopathology, demonstration of l. intracellularis and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in in ... | 2011 | 21741782 |
| Effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection on reproduction: disease, vertical transmission, diagnostics and vaccination. | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes great economic losses in growing pigs and there are several reviews on disease manifestations and lesions associated with PCV2 in growing pigs. Reproductive failure in breeding herds, predominately associated with increased numbers of mummies and non-viable piglets at parturition, is one of the disease manifestations of PCV2 infection. Boars shed low amounts of infectious PCV2 in semen for extended time periods, and vertical transmission of PCV2 to fetuses ... | 2011 | 21676340 |
| Productive infection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by porcine circovirus type 1. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), a small DNA virus in pigs, recently gained its notoriety when commercial human rotavirus vaccines were discovered to be contaminated by infectious PCV1. Here we report, for the first time, definitive evidence of productive PCV1 infection in a subclone of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh-7, subclone 10-3). Infectious virus was detected in the lysates of infected Huh-7 cells by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and can be serially passaged in Huh-7-S10-3 ... | 2011 | 21742002 |
| Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome produced in gnotobiotic pigs following exposure to various amounts of porcine circovirus type 2a or type 2b. | In late 2005, a postweaning, high mortality syndrome spread rapidly through finishing barns in swine dense areas of the United States. Diagnostic investigations consistently detected porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from diseased tissues. Subsequent genetic analysis revealed that the infectious agent was a PCV2 type termed "PCV2b". Prior to late 2004, only the PCV2a type, but not PCV2b, had been reported in North America. In this communication, we produce severe postweaning multisystemic wasting ... | 2011 | 21684696 |
| seroprevalence evolution of selected pathogens in iberian wild boar. | a total of 1279 eurasian wild boar (sus scrofa) sera were collected from 2000 to 2011 in the iberian peninsula to reveal time changes in serum antibody prevalences against selected infectious agents (porcine circovirus type 2, pcv2; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, prrsv; hepatitis e virus, hev; and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae) and to identify putative individual or population factors driving such changes. overall seroprevalences were 48%, 26%, 2% and 15% for pcv2, hev, prrs ... | 2011 | 22168900 |
| Coreplication of the major genotype group members of porcine circovirus type 2 as a prerequisite to coevolution may explain the variable disease manifestations. | A member of the family Circoviridae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), is associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a recent emerging disease worldwide. PCV2 is also found in clinically asymptomatic animals. This paradoxical finding makes the syndrome etiology challenging. We developed new assays to study PCV2 with links to syndrome etiology. For analysis, we used PCV2-infected tissues from subclinically infected and diseased piglets. We compared antigen- and PCV2 DNA-de ... | 2011 | 21865380 |
| detection of circoviruses and porcine adenoviruses in water samples collected from swine manure treatment systems. | samples collected from two swine manure treatment systems including: swine manure treatment system and demonstrative unit (smts and du), were analyzed by qpcr to quantify the amount of porcine adenovirus (padv) and porcine circovirus (pcv2) present. positive samples were tested for virus integrity using dnase assay. fifty-six water samples were collected monthly from march 2009 to may 2010. padv genome was found 66% of the samples in the smts and in 78% of the samples in the du system. pcv2 was ... | 2011 | 21872287 |
| Porcine circovirus genotype 2a (PCV2a) and genotype 2b (PCV2b) recombinant mutants showed significantly enhanced viral replication and altered antigenicity in vitro. | Two recombinant mutants of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which resulted from replacement of a genomic fragment containing the open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of genotype PCV2b with that of genotype PCV2a, were obtained initially from co-infection with PCV2a and 2b genotype viruses in vitro. The two mutant viruses contained the ORF1 sequence from genotype PCV2b and the ORF2 sequence from genotype PCV2a. They were designated according to the nomenclature proposed by Grau et al., indicating the ori ... | 2011 | 21890163 |
| Rapid and sensitive detection of PRRSV by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic, prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains. As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter, exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10(-4) dilution of template RNA ex ... | 2011 | 21847756 |
| A multiple SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR system for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus and Torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 in pigs. | Multiple viral infections are common in pigs under intensive production conditions. All five of the viruses included in this study are associated with multifactorial diseases that cause significant economic losses in swine farming worldwide. The development is described of a novel multiple real-time PCR system based on the use of SYBR Green I that allows the simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Torque t ... | 2012 | 22119629 |
| Prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 infection in pig population in Slovakia. | The prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infection in the pig population in Slovakia was investigated. Sera from pigs suspected for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) as well as clinically healthy pigs were tested for viral DNA and specific IgM and IgG antibodies. Pigs (n = 198) were categorized to weaning, grower and fattening ones and sows. The results showed that PCV-2 antibodies were present in 53.4% of PMWS-suspects, in 50.0% of healthy pigs and in 69.0% of sows. In PM ... | 2011 | 21978161 |
| deletion of the single putative n-glycosylation site of the porcine circovirus type 2 cap protein enhances specific immune responses by dna immunisation in mice. | the immunogenicity of a putative n-linked glycosylation site located at amino acids 143-145 (n143ys) of the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) cap protein was investigated. eukaryotic vectors expressing wild-type pcv2 cap (pcap) and n-linked glycosylation site mutant cap (pcap-m) were constructed and the immunogenicity of these proteins was determined following dna vaccination in balb/c mice. pcap-m elicited significantly higher cap-specific t lymphocyte proliferative activity, percentage of cd8(+) t c ... | 2011 | 22015141 |
| The potential risk of infectious disease dissemination via artificial insemination in swine. | Artificial insemination (AI) is one of the most widely used assisted reproductive technologies in swine. To maintain a healthy semen trade, it is crucial that diligence be given to managing and minimizing the chance of extended semen playing an epidemiological role in the transmission of infectious disease. In swine, pathogens of primary importance, which may be transmitted through semen include Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, chlamydophilosis, porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever, ... | 2011 | 21884281 |
| Cell tropism and entry of porcine circovirus 2. | Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) may induce reproductive failure (return to oestrus, embryonic death, mummification, weak- and stillborn piglets) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Furthermore, it may modulate the immunity in such a way that it aggravates the outcome of many bacterial and viral infections. In the present paper, the cellular tropism and entry of PCV2 are described and linked with the pathological and clinical consequences. | 2011 | 22100402 |
| Development of a Plexor real-time PCR assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | A novel, real-time PCR system for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was developed. The system employed Plexor technology and detected 10(8)-10(1) copies per reaction of PCV2 DNA within a recombinant plasmid. The examination of clinical material showed consistent diagnostic sensitivity when samples contained more than 10(3) viral copies per reaction. Specificity of Plexor real-time PCR was confirmed using the porcine viruses PCV1, PRRSV, CSFV, TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 employing the melti ... | 2011 | 22155430 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid detection of porcine boca-like virus. | the porcine boca-like virus (pbo-likev) was recently discovered in swedish pigs with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for rapid, specific and sensitive detection of pbo-likev. a set of four primers specific for six regions of pbo-likev vp1/2 genes was designed with the online software. the reaction temperature and time were optimized to 65°c and 60min, respectively. lamp products were detected b ... | 2011 | 22172971 |
| Co-existence of multiple strains of porcine circovirus type 2 in the same pig from China. | ABSTRACT: Pigs are often co-infected by different viral strains from the same virus. Up to now, there are few reports about co-existence of different porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate it in Chinese swine herds. 118 PCV2 positive DNAs isolated from diseased pigs identified by classic PCR were re-detected using a modified differential PCR assay. The results indicated that co-existence rates of PCV2 were 32.2 % (38/118) in diseased pigs and 0 % ... | 2011 | 22078868 |
| Outcome of experimental porcine circovirus type 1 infections in mid-gestational porcine foetuses. | Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) has been described as a non-cytopathic contaminant of the PK-15 cell line. Several experimental infections with PCV1 failed to reproduce disease in pigs. Therefore, PCV1 is generally accepted as non-pathogenic to pigs. To our knowledge, nothing is known about the outcome of PCV1 infections in porcine foetuses. This was examined in the present study. | 2011 | 22018436 |
| Lack of effect of piglet vaccination against Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on serum viral loads of Torque teno sus virus 2 (TTSuV2). | Anelloviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses with circular single stranded DNA, which infect a number of animal species as well as humans. In pigs, two distinct Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) species have been described so far, being one of them linked to disease occurrence. Specifically, TTSuV2 loads in serum have been found increased in pigs suffering from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Since this pathological condition is able to be controlled by means of porcine circovir ... | 2011 | 22189433 |
| Polymicrobial respiratory disease in pigs. | Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. As a true multifactorial disease, environmental conditions, population size, management strategies and pig-specific factors such as age and genetics also play critical roles in the outcome of PRDC. While non-infectious f ... | 2011 | 22152290 |
| Antigenic subtyping and epitopes' competition analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 using monoclonal antibodies. | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains have been classified into two major genotypes (PCV2a and PCV2b) and 8 genetic clusters: PCV2b-1A to PCV2b-1C and PCV2a-2A to PCV2a-2E. To date, no studies have been performed to antigenically subtype PCV2 strains enclosing eight PCV2 clusters. The present study aimed to antigenically subtype PCV2 and perform epitopes' competition analysis using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fourteen PCV2 strains representative for eight clusters were tested with 20 mAbs ( ... | 2011 | 22176764 |
| molecular study of porcine circovirus type 2 circulating in portugal. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) belongs to the genus circovirus of the circoviridae family and has been associated with a disease named postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in portugal the disease caused severe problems mainly between 1995 and 2003, but is nowadays less evident probably as the result of vaccination programmes initiated in 2007. this study reports the molecular analysis of 22 pcv2 strains obtained from domestic pigs originated from different regions of portugal. on ... | 2011 | 21925289 |
| complete genome sequence of a novel porcine circovirus-like agent. | we report here the genome sequence of a porcine circovirus-like agent. the sequenced genome of this porcine circovirus-like agent is composed of a 648-nucleotide circular dna that includes three predicted protein-coding genes, which means the agent should be a novel member of the family circoviridae. | 2012 | 22158848 |
| detection of porcine circovirus type 1 in commercial porcine vaccines by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method with a real-time monitoring system was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) in commercial swine vaccines. this method was highly specific for pcv1. no cross-reaction to porcine circovirus type 2, porcine parvovirus, pseudorabies virus, classical swine fever virus, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was observed. the analytical sensitivity of the lamp for pcv1 dna was 10 copies/μl in the case of ... | 2011 | 21948286 |
| linked outbreaks and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in a pig farm in poland. | in a newly established farrow-to-finish farm (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus [prrsv]-free, porcine circovirus type 2 [pcv-2]-infected), reproductive failure was seen seven months after population. the conception rate dropped from 89 to 51 per cent, and the abortion rate increased from 0.5 to 11 per cent. the following month, characteristic lesions of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and elevated mortality were observed in weaned pigs. laboratory examinations confirme ... | 2011 | 21891787 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections: clinical signs, pathology and laboratory diagnosis. | clinical signs and pathological features are still the corner-stones to suspect and diagnose overt disease associated with pcv2 infection. the clinico-pathological scope of this viral infection has been expanded over time. from the initial description of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, some enteric, respiratory and reproductive disorders have been subsequently linked with pcv2. porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, an immunocomplex disease, has also been associated with infect ... | 2011 | 22056845 |
| an experimental live chimeric porcine circovirus 1-2a vaccine decreases porcine circovirus 2b viremia when administered intramuscularly or orally in a porcine circovirus 2b and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus dual-challenge model. | commercially available inactivated vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been shown to be effective in reducing pcv2 viremia. live-attenuated, orally administered vaccines are widely used in the swine industry for several pathogens because of their ease of use yet they are not currently available for pcv2 and efficacy. the aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of a live-attenuated chimeric pcv2 vaccine in a dual-challenge model using pcv2b and porcine reproductive an ... | 2011 | 21951266 |
| effects of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine and increasing standardized ileal digestible lysine:metabolizable energy ratio on growth performance and carcass composition of growing and finishing pigs. | four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on the response of growing and finishing pigs (pic 337 × 1050) to increasing dietary lys. experiments 1 and 2 evaluated 38- to 65-kg gilts and barrows, respectively, and exp. 3 and 4 evaluated 100- to 120-kg gilts and barrows, respectively. gilts and barrows were housed separately in different barns. treatments were allotted in a completely randomized design into 2 × 4 factorials with 2 pcv2 tre ... | 2011 | 21856897 |
| dietary l: -glutamine supplementation improves pregnancy outcome in mice infected with type-2 porcine circovirus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes reproductive failure in swine. as glutamine can enhance immune function in animals, this study was conducted with mice to test the hypothesis that dietary glutamine supplementation will improve pregnancy outcome in pcv2-infected dams. beginning on day 0 of gestation, mice were fed a standard diet supplemented with 1.0% l: -glutamine or 1.22% l: -alanine (isonitrogenous control). all mice were infected with pcv2 (2000 tcid(50)) on day 10 of gestation. on da ... | 2011 | 22086211 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus 2 found in malaysia. | porcine circovirus type 2 is the primary etiological agent associated with a group of complex multi-factorial diseases classified as porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad). sporadic cases reported in malaysia in 2007 caused major economic losses to the 2.2 billion malaysian ringgit (myr) (approximately 0.7 billion us dollar) swine industry. the objective of the present study was to determine the association between the presence of pcv2 and occurrences of pcvad. | 2011 | 21914166 |
| a multi-center, qualitative assessment of pediatrician and maternal perspectives on rotavirus vaccines and the detection of porcine circovirus. | in 2010, researchers using novel laboratory techniques found that us-licensed rotavirus vaccines contain dna or dna fragments from porcine circovirus (pcv), a virus common among pigs but not believed to cause illness in humans. we sought to understand pediatricians' and mothers' perspectives on this finding. | 2011 | 21943237 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 and its associated diseases in korea. | this review describes the characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the field situation of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad) and the pcv2 vaccine in korea. pcvad has been considered the most devastating disease in korean livestock history since its first outbreak in 1999. postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) are the most common clinical forms of pcvad. interestingly, only pcv2b strains have been isolated from pig ... | 2011 | 22027190 |
| identification of one critical amino acid that determines a conformational neutralizing epitope in the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in pigs. currently, there is considerable interest in the immunology of pcv2; in particular, the immunological properties of the capsid protein. this protein is involved in pcv2 immunogenicity and is a potential target for vaccine development. in this study, we identified one critical amino acid that determines a conformational neutralizing epitope in the capsid protein of pcv2. | 2011 | 21859462 |
| instability in vitro of a pcv2 infectious clone containing an insertion between orf1 and orf2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus that causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. we obtained an infectious clone, derived from pcv2 strain 1147 (size 1,767 bp), with a 60 bp insertion in the cap-rep intergenic region at the 3' end of the rep. in vitro propagation and sequencing of virus showed mixed sequence for the cap-rep intergenic region. cloning of this region of virus from the passages 2 and 20 showed deletions of various size of the ... | 2011 | 22116682 |
| immunology of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | the emergence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) associated diseases and particularly postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was a shock for the swine industry and formulated a considerable challenge for researchers in the area of viral immunology in swine. the unique features of pmws of which emaciation and lymphoid depletion were the most evident indicated a deep involvement of the immune system of the pig in the pathogenesis of this condition and indicated that pcv2 was a singular ... | 2011 | 22178803 |
| Seroprevalence of Torque Teno Sus Virus Types 1 and 2 in Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome-Suspected Pigs and Porcine Circovirus Type 2-Vaccinated Normal Pigs in Southern Japan. | We investigated the seroprevalence rate of Torque teno sus virus types 1 (TTSuV1) and 2 (TTSuV2) in the sera of 38 post weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)-suspected pigs and 43 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-vaccinated normal pigs on 3 commercial pig farms in southern Japan by using nested polymerase chain reaction. High seroprevalence rate of TTSuVs was observed in both PMWS-suspected pigs (100%) and PCV2-vaccinated normal pigs (90.7%). The seroprevalence rate of TTSuV2 was signifi ... | 2011 | 21873809 |
| Efficacy and future prospects of commercially available and experimental vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). | Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the causative agent of an economically significant collection of disease syndromes in pigs, now known as porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVADs) in the United States or porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) in Europe. Inactivated and subunit vaccines based on PCV2a genotype are commercially available and have been shown to be effective at decreasing mortality and increasing growth parameters in commercial swine herds. Since 2003, there has been a drastic ... | 2011 | 22005075 |
| Quantitative Proteomics Using Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture Reveals Protein and Pathway Regulation in Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infected PK-15 Cells. | The infection of host cells by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) leads to extensive modulation of the gene expression levels of target cells. To uncover the pathogenesis and virus-host interactions of PCV2, a quantitative proteomic study using the stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), coupled with mass spectrometry, was performed on PCV2-infected PK-15 cells. The SILAC-based approach identified 1341 proteins, 163 of which showed significant change in level at 72 h afte ... | 2011 | 22148862 |
| Prevalence of porcine circovirus-like agent P1 in Jiangsu, China. | ABSTRACT: Recently, we identified a novel porcine circovirus type 2-like agent P1 isolate from swine. The present study represents the first survey of P1 prevalence in swine herds from Jiangsu, China, by using PCR targeting the complete genome of P1. Prevalences of 50% and 19% were found among 6 herds and 248 animals, respectively. The results indicate a high prevalence of P1 in China pig populations. | 2011 | 22171842 |
| efficient surveillance of pig populations using oral fluids. | currently virus surveillance in swine herds is constrained by the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of sampling methods. the objective of this study was to assess the value of using oral fluids collected by barn personnel as a method of surveillance based on pcr testing. approximately 12,150 pigs in 10 wean-to-finish barns on 10 farms were monitored for the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), influenza a virus (iav), and torq ... | 2011 | 22154249 |
| genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in serbia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to characterize and determine the genetic diversity of pcv2 in the porcine population of serbia, nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the open reading frame 2 (orf2) of pcv2 collected from the tissues of pigs that either had died as a result of pmws or did not exhibit disease symptoms were analyzed. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed considerable diversity among p ... | 2011 | 21964944 |
| Porcine circovirus: Transcription and DNA replication. | This review summarizes the molecular studies pertaining to porcine circovirus (PCV) transcription and DNA replication. The genome of PCV is circular, single-stranded DNA and contains 1759-1768 nucleotides. Both the genome-strand (packaged in the virus particle) and the complementary-strand (synthesized in the new host) encode viral proteins. Among a multitude of RNAs synthesized by alternate splicing, only rep and rep' are essential for virus DNA replication via the rolling-circle replication (R ... | 2011 | 22036834 |
| Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of porcine circovirus type 2. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22044506 |
| studies on porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination of 5-day-old piglets. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines have become widely used since they became available in 2006. it is not uncommon for producers to use pcv2 vaccines in pigs younger than what is approved by manufacturers. the objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a chimeric and a subunit pcv2 vaccine administered at 5 or 21 days of age. forty-eight pcv2-naïve piglets were randomly divided into six groups of eight pigs each. vaccination was done at day 5 or day 21, followed by triple ch ... | 2011 | 21940407 |
| Construction and immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus expressing ORF2 of PCV2 and porcine IFN gamma. | The capsid structural protein encoded by the gene ORF2 of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 is critical for eliciting the broad protective immunity. We constructed and characterized the recombinant adenovirus encoding the capsid and porcine IFN gamma, designated as rAd-ORF2-IFN-?. The construct was further confirmed by the enzyme digestion, PCR, sequencing and transfection. The humoural immunity to the capsid protein, induced by the recombinant in the mice, was tested by ELISA. Notably, this recombinant ... | 2011 | 21945259 |
| spread like a wildfire-the omnipresence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and its ever-expanding association with diseases in pigs. | the discovery of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in 1998 initiated intensive research on arguably the most economically important pathogen facing the global swine industry today. pcv2 infection is now widespread worldwide, and increasing numbers of disease conditions have been linked to pcv2 infection in pigs. in this special issue of virus research, leading experts in the field review the history, epidemiology, transmission, clinical and pathological features, immunology, pathogenesis, molecul ... | 2011 | 22192532 |
| discovery and evolving history of two genetically related but phenotypically different viruses, porcine circoviruses 1 and 2. | porcine circoviruses (pcvs) belong to the genus circovirus, family circoviridae, and are the smallest non-enveloped, single stranded, negative sense, circular dna viruses that replicate autonomously in mammalian cells. two types of pcv have been characterised, pcv1 and pcv2 and these two viruses show 83% sequence identity at open reading frame (orf) 1 and 67% identity at orf2. pcv1 is a non-pathogenic virus of pigs. in contrast, pcv2 has emerged as a major pathogen of swine around the world. the ... | 2011 | 21945213 |
| ebola reston virus infection of pigs: clinical significance and transmission potential. | in 2008, reston ebolavirus (rebov) was isolated from pigs during a disease investigation in the philippines. porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) infections were also confirmed in affected herds and the contribution of rebov to the disease outbreak remains uncertain. we have conducted experimental challenge studies in 5-week-old pigs, with exposure of animals to 10(6) tcid(50) of a 2008 swine isolate of rebov via either the oronasal or ... | 2011 | 21987755 |
| Tripping over emerging pathogens around the world: A phylogeographical approach for determining the epidemiology of Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2), considering global trading. | Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2) is an emerging virus associated with a number of different syndromes in pigs known as Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD). Since its identification and characterization in the early 1990s, PCV-2 has achieved a worldwide distribution, becoming endemic in most pig-producing countries, and is currently considered as the main cause of losses on pig farms. In this study, we analyzed the main routes of the spread of PCV-2 between pig-producing countries using ph ... | 2011 | 22056846 |