| Preparation, antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of different derivatives of levan from endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3. | A levan-type exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 was successfully acetylated, phosphorylated and benzylated, respectively, affording its derivatives of acetylated levan (AL), phosphorylated levan (PL) and benzylated levan (BL). Then, the antioxidant and antitumor activities in vitro of the natural polysaccharide and its derivatives were determined. As results, AL, BL and PL all exhibited higher reducing power, scavenging activity against superoxide radical and scavenging ac ... | 2011 | 22142695 |
| A Rapid Microbioassay for Discovery of Antagonistic Bacteria for Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. | A simple, rapid, small-scale microbioassay for infection of tobacco seedlings by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae was developed here. This assay uses tobacco seedlings cultivated in Petri dishes for a standardized method for quantitation of initial zoospore inocula and high-throughput screening of antagonistic bacteria. Zoospore inocula between 102 to 105 spores per Petri dish were inoculated on 14-day-old tobacco seedlings for the susceptibility test. One thousand zoospores' treatment wa ... | 2011 | 22046969 |
| incidence of turf-damaging white grubs (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) and associated pathogens and parasitoids on kentucky golf courses. | root-feeding grubs (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) were sampled from damaged areas of 61 irrigated roughs on 32 kentucky golf courses to determine species composition and natural enemy incidence, the first such survey in the united states' transitional turfgrass climatic zone. masked chafers (cyclocephala lurida bland and c. borealis arrow) and japanese beetle (popillia japonica newman) accounted for ?73 and 26% of grubs found in an autumn survey, with cyclocephala spp. predominating at most sites, ... | 2010 | 22182549 |
| paenibacillus lentimorbus enhances growth of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) in chromium-amended soil. | chromium (cr), with its great economic importance in industrial use, is a major metal pollutant of the environment. it affects soil microbial activity and soil fertility, resulting in losses in yield of plants. paenibacillus lentimorbus b-30488(r) (b-30488(r)) tolerated 200 μg ml(-1) of cr under in vitro conditions and produced the plant growth promoting substance indole acetic acid in the presence of cr. our in vitro study indicates enhancement in b-30488(r) biofilm formation by sodium alginat ... | 2011 | 21909789 |
| hessian fly-associated bacteria: transmission, essentiality, and composition. | plant-feeding insects have been recently found to use microbes to manipulate host plant physiology and morphology. gall midges are one of the largest groups of insects that manipulate host plants extensively. hessian fly (hf, mayetiola destructor) is an important pest of wheat and a model system for studying gall midges. to examine the role of bacteria in parasitism, a systematic analysis of bacteria associated with hf was performed for the first time. diverse bacteria were found in different de ... | 2011 | 21858016 |
| evaluation of bacterial contaminants found on unused paper towels and possible postcontamination after handwashing: a pilot study. | background: bacterial contamination is a concern in the pulp and paper industry. not only is the machinery contaminated but also can be the end-paper products. bacterial transmission from unused paper towels to hands and surfaces is not well documented. methods: the culturable bacterial community of 6 different unused paper towel brands was determined by culture methods and by sequencing the 16s ribosomal dna of bacterial contaminants. next, we investigated the possible airborne and direct conta ... | 2011 | 22177666 |
| eric-pcr genotyping of paenibacillus larvae in southern italian honey and brood combs. | given the considerable economic loss to beekeepers worldwide and the possible public health implications related to the presence of antibiotics in honey, an american foulbrood (afb) monitoring/prevention program for paenibacillus larvae is regarded as essential. this study investigates the occurrence and distribution of p. larvae genotypes in honey and brood combs from apulia (italy). genotyping of p. larvae isolates using eric-pcr generated a total of four different eric banding patterns (eric- ... | 2011 | 21853316 |
| heterologous expression of green fluorescent protein in paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees. | aims: we aimed at expressing heterologous proteins in p. larvae, the causative agent of american foulbrood of honey bees, as a prerequisite for future studies on the molecular pathogenesis of p. larvae infections. methods and results: for this purpose, we established a protocol for the transformation of the plasmid pad43-25 carrying a functional gfp gene sequence (gfpmut3a) into different p. larvae strains representing the two most relevant p. larvae genotypes eric i and eric ii. we determined ... | 2011 | 22151200 |
| cloning of an endoglycanase gene from paenibacillus cookii and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. | an endoglycanase gene of paenibacillus cookii ss-24 was cloned and sequenced. this pgl8a gene had an open reading frame of 1,230 bp that encoded a putative signal sequence (31 amino acids) and mature enzyme (378 amino acids: 41,835 da). the enzyme was most homologous to a β-1,3-1,4-glucanase of bacillus circulans wl-12 with 84% identity. the recombinant enzyme hydrolyzed carboxymethyl cellulose, swollen celluloses, chitosan and lichenan but not avicel, chitin powder or xylan. with chitosan as th ... | 2011 | 21972145 |
| mutually facilitated dispersal between the nonmotile fungus aspergillus fumigatus and the swarming bacterium paenibacillus vortex. | in the heterogeneous environment surrounding plant roots (the rhizosphere), microorganisms both compete and cooperate. here, we show that two very different inhabitants of the rhizosphere, the nonmotile fungus aspergillus fumigatus and the swarming bacterium paenibacillus vortex, can facilitate each other's dispersal. a. fumigatus conidia (nonmotile asexual fungal spores) can be transported by p. vortex swarms over distances of at least 30 cm and at rates of up to 10.8 mm h(-1). moreover, conidi ... | 2011 | 22106274 |
| isolation and identification of lipopeptide antibiotics from paenibacillus elgii b69 with inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | two lipopeptide antibiotics, pelgipeptins c and d, were isolated from paenibacillus elgii b69 strain. the molecular masses of the two compounds were both determined to be 1,086 da. mass-spectrometry, amino acid analysis and nmr spectroscopy indicated that pelgipeptin c was the same compound as bmy-28160, while pelgipeptin d was identified as a new antibiotic of the polypeptin family. these two peptides were active against all the tested microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant pathogenic b ... | 2011 | 22203557 |
| active n(2) o emission from bacterial microbiota of andisol farmland and characterization of some n(2) o emitters. | andisol in farmland located in hokkaido, japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (n(2) o) during the spring to summer seasons. using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (n(2) o) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. a total of thirty-three soil samples from the farmland showed high n(2) o production potential, of which the maximum level of n(2) o emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml(-1) d(-1) ) in the as ... | 2011 | 22144290 |
| comparison of exoelectrogenic bacteria detected using two different methods: u-tube microbial fuel cell and plating method. | in a microbial fuel cell (mfc), exoelectrogens, which transfer electrons to the electrode, have been regarded as a key factor for electricity generation. in this study, u-tube mfc and plating methods were used to isolate exoelectrogens from the anode of an mfc. disparate microorganisms were identified depending on isolation methods, despite the use of an identical source. denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (dgge) analysis showed that certain microorganisms became dominant in the u-tube mfc. ... | 2011 | 22129603 |
| microbial biofilms on the sandstone monuments of the angkor wat complex, cambodia. | discoloring biofilms from cambodian temples angkor wat, preah khan, and the bayon and west prasat in angkor thom contained a microbial community dominated by coccoid cyanobacteria. molecular analysis identified chroococcidiopsis as major colonizer, but low similarity values (<95%) suggested a similar genus or species not present in the databases. in only two of the six sites sampled were filamentous cyanobacteria, microcoleus, leptolyngbya, and scytonema, found; the first two detected by sequenc ... | 2011 | 22006074 |
| Biogeography of symbiotic and other endophytic bacteria isolated from medicinal Glycyrrhiza species in China. | A total of 159 endophytic bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized root nodules of wild perennial Glycyrrhiza legumes growing on 40 sites in central and northwestern China. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genomic fingerprinting and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes revealed that the collection mainly consisted of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium, Agrobacterium and Paenibacillus species. Based on symbiotic properties with the legume hosts Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Gl ... | 2011 | 22066910 |
| Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1 Produces Variants of Polymyxin B-Type Antibiotics. | Polymyxins are cationic lipopeptide antibiotics active against many species of Gram-negative bacteria. We sequenced the gene cluster for polymyxin biosynthesis from Paenibacillus polymyxa PKB1. The 40.8 kb gene cluster comprises three nonribosomal peptide synthetase-encoding genes and two ABC transporter-like genes. Disruption of a peptide synthetase gene abolished all antibiotic production, whereas deletion of one or both transporter genes only reduced antibiotic production. Computational analy ... | 2011 | 22195566 |
| biodiversity characterization of cellulolytic bacteria present on native chaco soil by comparison of ribosomal rna genes. | sequence analysis of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was used to study bacterial diversity of a pristine forest soil and of two cultures of the same soil enriched with cellulolytic bacteria. our analysis revealed high bacterial diversity in the native soil sample, evidencing at least 10 phyla, in which actinobacteria, proteobacteria and acidobacteria accounted for more than 76% of all sequences. in both enriched samples, members of proteobacteria were the most frequently represented. the majority of ... | 2011 | 22202170 |
| insights from the architecture of the bacterial transcription apparatus. | we provide a portrait of the bacterial transcription apparatus in light of the data emerging from structural studies, sequence analysis and comparative genomics to bring out important but underappreciated features. we first describe the key structural highlights and evolutionary implications emerging from comparison of the cellular rna polymerase subunits with the rna-dependent rna polymerase involved in rnai in eukaryotes and their homologs from newly identified bacterial selfish elements. we d ... | 2011 | 22210308 |
| identification and analysis of the gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of paenibactin, a catecholate siderophore produced by paenibacillus elgii b69. | bacteria belonging to the genus paenibacillus are recognized as rich sources of bioactive natural products. to date, there are few characterized siderophores from this genus. here, through genome analysis, we identified a non-ribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene cluster (pae) responsible for siderophore assembly in paenibacillus elgii b69. the 12.8 kb gene cluster comprises six open reading frames encoding proteins similar to the components of the bacillibactin biosynthetic machinery and bacillib ... | 2011 | 21883794 |
| long-term survival of bacillus spores in alcohol and identification of 90% ethanol as relatively more spori/bactericidal. | this study was taken up with a view to generate basic information on spore hardiness to ethanol in various bacillus species and related genera, and to assess the effectiveness of different levels of ethanol as a bacterial disinfectant. predominantly spore-bearing cultures of five bacillus spp. (b. pumilus, b. subtilis, b. megaterium, b. fusiformis and b. flexus) that were isolated from the spent-alcohol used during plant tissue culture work were challenged with aqueous ethanol (25, 50, 60, 70, 8 ... | 2011 | 22057920 |
| The genome of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 contains nine sites dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides. | The genome of Paenibacillus polymyxa M-1 consisted of a 5.8-Mb chromosome and a 360-kb plasmid. Nine sites were dedicated to nonribosomal synthesis of lipopeptides and polyketides. Eight of them were located at the chromosome, while one gene cluster predicted to encode an unknown secondary metabolite was present on the plasmid. | 2011 | 21952539 |
| Use of bottom ash of waste coal as an effective microbial carrier. | An experiment was done to determine the efficacy of waste bottom ash as an effective microbial carrier. Bottom ash found to be a suitable microbial carrier. The average of viable cells of Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 (as a test biocontrol agent) in bottom ash samples was about 10(8) cfu/10 ± 2 mg. The surface of bottom ash coated with 5% PVA w/v was most effective for improvement of cell viability. TSB medium containing 50 mg/L of MnSO(4) · H(2)O was the best for spore production of P. polymyxa G ... | 2011 | 22056455 |
| genetic and functional diversity of bacillus strains in the soils long-term irrigated with paper and pulp mill effluent. | the genetic and functional diversity of bacillus and bacillus-derived genera was analyzed in soil samples collected from three different fields near century paper mill, lal kuan, uttarakhand, india. two had been subjected to concentrated and diluted effluent irrigation for the past 25 years and were designated as a concentrated effluent irrigated field (ceif) and a dilute effluent irrigated field (deif), respectively. the field irrigated with fresh water was designated as a water irrigated field ... | 2011 | 21914967 |
| microbial diversity inside pumpkins: microhabitat-specific communities display a high antagonistic potential against phytopathogens. | recent and substantial yield losses of styrian oil pumpkin (cucurbita pepo l. subsp. pepo var. styriaca greb.) are primarily caused by the ascomycetous fungus didymella bryoniae but bacterial pathogens are frequently involved as well. the diversity of endophytic microbial communities from seeds (spermosphere), roots (endorhiza), flowers (anthosphere), and fruits (carposphere) of three different pumpkin cultivars was studied to develop a biocontrol strategy. a multiphasic approach combining molec ... | 2011 | 21947430 |
| Paenibacillus telluris sp. nov., a novel phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from soil. | A phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strain designated PS38(T) was isolated from farm soil. The isolate was a Gram-positive, motile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. It grew optimally at 37°C and pH 7.5. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0), anteiso-C(17:0), and iso-C(16:0). The DNA G+C content was 49.5 mol% and the predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Phylogenese analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain PS38(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus ... | 2011 | 21887645 |
| battacin (octapeptin b5), a new cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic from paenibacillus tianmuensis active against multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | hospital-acquired infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria are a significant challenge to patient safety. numerous clinical isolates resistant to almost all commercially available antibiotics have emerged. thus, novel antimicrobial agents, specifically those for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, are urgently needed. in the current study, we report the isolation, structure elucidation, and preliminary biological characterization of a new cationic lipopeptide antibiotic, battacin or ... | 2011 | 22183171 |
| Desert farming benefits from microbial potential in arid soils and promotes diversity and plant health. | To convert deserts into arable, green landscapes is a global vision, and desert farming is a strong growing area of agriculture world-wide. However, its effect on diversity of soil microbial communities, which are responsible for important ecosystem services like plant health, is still not known. | 2011 | 21912695 |
| Antimicrobial factor from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens inhibits Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood. | Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LBM 5006 produces an antimicrobial factor active against Paenibacillus larvae, a major honeybee pathogen. The antagonistic effect and the mode of action of the antimicrobial factor were investigated. The antibacterial activity was produced starting at mid-logarithmic growth phase, reaching its maximum during the stationary phase. Exposure of cell suspensions of P. larvae to this antimicrobial resulted in loss of cell viability and reduction in optical density associate ... | 2011 | 21858429 |
| culture-based and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community structure from the intestinal tracts of earthworms(eisenia fetida). | the bacterial communities in the intestinal tracts of earthworm were investigated by culture-dependent and - independent approaches. in total, 72 and 55 pure cultures were isolated from the intestinal tracts of earthworms under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. aerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (40%), bacillus (37%), photobacterium (10%), pseudomonas (7%), and shewanella (6%). anaerobic bacteria were classified as aeromonas (52%), bacillus (27%), shewanella (12%), paeni ... | 2011 | 21952364 |
| optimization of survival and spore formation of paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21 during bioorganic fertilizer storage. | the effects of storage temperature (20, 30 and 40°c), inoculum type (pure spores, an equal mix of spores and vegetative cells and pure vegetative cells) and water content (20%, 30% and 40%) on the survival and spore formation of the biocontrol agent, paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21, in a bioorganic fertilizer were modeled in a 3×3×3 factorial design. bacterial and spore populations were monitored by plate count and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). temperature significantly affected survi ... | 2012 | 22264433 |