| a new isolate of beak and feather disease virus from endemic wild red-fronted parakeets (cyanoramphus novaezelandiae) in new zealand. | psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) is a viral disease distributed worldwide with a potentially critical impact on many rare parrots. while efforts have been made to determine its prevalence in wild and captive psittacines, only limited work has been done to document complete genomes of its causative agent, beak and feather disease virus (bfdv). here, we describe five full genomes of bfdv isolated from wild specimens of an endemic new zealand parrot, the red-fronted parakeet (cyanoramphus ... | 2010 | 20180139 |
| an investigation of the pathology and pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in denmark. | respiratory infections are among the most important diseases of growing pigs. in order to elucidate the multifactorial aetiology of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) in denmark, lungs from 148 finishing pigs with cranioventral bronchopneumonia (case group) and 60 pigs without lung lesions (control group) were collected from abattoirs. the pathogens involved in prdc and their interactions were identified and linked to the histopathological diagnosis. the lung samples were cultured for ba ... | 2010 | 20181357 |
| molecular characterization, induced expression, and transcriptional regulation of porcine s100a12 gene. | the s100a12 gene belongs to the s100 family of genes, which are specific to vertebrates. it is involved in many inflammatory diseases of human and has been considered as a powerful diagnostic gene. in the present study, we identified the porcine s100a12 (ps100a12) gene, provided evidence that ps100a12 is located on chromosome 4 and is closely linked to sw512. we show that ps100a12 is expressed preferentially in immune organs/tissues, e.g., bone marrow, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes. expressio ... | 2010 | 20189650 |
| prevalence of porcine circovirus types 2a and b in pigs with and without post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome. | the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2 genotypes in pigs with post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and in pigs that that did not have the disease. nested pcr was used to analyse tissue from 540 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes. the number of pcv2a-positive pigs that had (χ(trend)(2)=54.584, p<0.001) and did not have (χ(trend)(2)=70.066, p<0.001) pmws decreased significantly between the years 2000 and 2008. howeve ... | 2011 | 20207559 |
| recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by porcine circovirus type 2. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) emerged as a significant disease affecting pig production in the 1990s although the causal agent, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), and the disease itself, had existed in swine for many years prior to this. the important multifactorial 'triggers' of pmws include the immune and infection status of the sow, the timing of pcv2 infection, variations in the virulence of pcv2, co-infections, immune modulation as well as host genetics and management fa ... | 2011 | 20211570 |
| [endemic viral diseases: a serious economic problem in the japanese pig industry]. | as of february 2009, the japanese pig industry included 6,890 farms housing a total of 9,899,000 pigs, and produces approximately half of the pig meat consumed in the japanese domestic market. although the number of pigs has not substantially changed over the past 20 years, the number of farms has decreased by 86%, indicating the rapid progression of scale expansion in japan. against this background, two emerging viral diseases first noted in the 1990s, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndr ... | 2009 | 20218325 |
| [rescue of porcine circovirus type 2 from cloned dna]. | infectious clone is a useful tool in exploring viral replication and pathogenesis. in order to prevent linear pcv2 cyclization, pcr mutagenesis was used to construct the first molecular clone (psk-2pcv2) by ligating two copies of the complete pcv2 genome with the pbluescript sk (psk) vector. in addition, psk-pcv2 and ds-pcv2 were constructed. pk-15 cells were transfected with above three infectious clones. indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) revealed that the virus antigen mainly localized i ... | 2009 | 20222460 |
| [construction and immunogenicity of recombinant adenoviruses expressing cap protein of pcv2 and gp5 protein of prrsv in mice]. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been implicated as the etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). co-infection of pcv2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can result in severe economic losses to the swine industry. in this study, we constructed the recombinant adenovirus rad-cap-gp5 expressing cap of pcv2 and gp5 of prrsv. and the expression of cap and gp5 protein in the hek-293 cells inoculated with rad-cap-gp5 were confirmed by immunoper ... | 2009 | 20222461 |
| development of in situ hybridization assay that differentiates between two genotypes of porcine circovirus-2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. | the aim of the current study was to develop a nonradioactive in situ hybridization assay that can differentiate between genotypes 2a and 2b of porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. two different digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes were designed from the pcv-2 open reading frame 2 sequences. the pcv-2a-specific probe did not hybridize with formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes ... | 2010 | 20224081 |
| quantitative detection of porcine torque teno virus in porcine circovirus-2-negative and porcine circovirus-associated disease-affected pigs. | torque teno virus (ttv) is a recently identified virus that has a wide range of host tropisms from humans to shrews. human ttv and torque teno mini virus are distributed worldwide, and their high prevalence in human populations has been reported. pigs have their own species-specific ttv, and like human ttv, a high prevalence of porcine ttv also has been reported. despite its high prevalence, the role of ttv-related disease or syndrome in humans and pigs has not been determined. in the swine indu ... | 2010 | 20224089 |
| possible pathogenic interplay between chlamydia suis, chlamydophila abortus and pcv-2 on a pig production farm. | a concurrent outbreak of chlamydial disease in boars, sows and gilts and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in weaned piglets was investigated on a large pig production farm in estonia. chlamydia suis dna was detected in conjunctival swabs from boars, sows and gilts, but also in the faeces of boars and sows. chlamydophila abortus dna was found in semen, and in conjunctival swabs from sows; dna was demonstrated by microarrays. serum samples from boars were examined using a chlamydi ... | 2010 | 20228367 |
| dynamics of serum antibodies to and load of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs in three finishing herds, affected or not by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | despite that pmws commonly affects pigs aged eight to sixteen weeks; most studies of pmws have been conducted during the period before transfer to finishing herds. this study focused on pcv2 load and antibody dynamics in finishing herds with different pmws status. | 2010 | 20302632 |
| identification and molecular cloning of a novel porcine parvovirus. | a novel porcine parvovirus, ppv4, was identified in the lung lavage of a diseased pig coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2. this virus exhibits limited similarity to its closest relative, bovine parvovirus 2, but resembles viruses of the genus bocavirus (bovine parvovirus, canine minute virus and human bocavirus) that encode an additional orf3. the orf3 of ppv4 is predicted to encode a protein of 204 amino acid residues, which is similar in size to the orf3-encoded proteins of the bocavirus ... | 2010 | 20339886 |
| qualitative and quantitative distribution of pcv2 in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), has been detected in north american and european wild boars at prevalences arguing for high circulation rates among populations. systematic data on the qualitative distribution of pcv2 infections and on pcvd (pcv2 diseases) in wild boars are rare, however, and quantitative data about viral loads are missing. to be able to judge the pcv2/pcvd situation in wild boars, evaluation of the nationwide ... | 2010 | 20346600 |
| genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 strains present in cuban swine herds. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) considered as one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. one of the main risk factors reported for the development of pmws is the pcv2 genotype. the presence of pcv2 in cuban swine herds has been reported recently. however, genetic information about these viruses is not available yet. hence, the objectives of this study were to classify the cuban porcine circovirus typ ... | 2010 | 20347107 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| lack of evidence for circovirus involvement in bovine neonatal pancytopenia. | | 2010 | 20364016 |
| viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus. | metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ... | 2010 | 20375174 |
| increased numbers of myeloid and lymphoid il-10 producing cells in spleen of pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a worldwide distributed pig disease. the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pmws is considered crucial. previous studies have shown a cytokine profile suggesting t immunosuppression and indicating that interleukin 10 (il-10) may play an important role during pcv2 infection. nine 11- to 12-week-old conventional pigs were obtained from commercial farms loca ... | 2010 | 20381172 |
| pathologic and virologic findings in mid-gestational porcine foetuses after experimental inoculation with pcv2a or pcv2b. | two major genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been described: pcv2a and pcv2b. previous studies mainly used pcv2a to experimentally reproduce reproductive failure in sows. this study aims to determine the clinical and virological outcome of surgical inoculation of 55-day-old immuno-incompetent porcine foetuses with pcv2a or pcv2b. twelve foetuses were inoculated with pcv2: three with the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-associated pcv2a strain stoon-1010, three w ... | 2010 | 20395077 |
| dual heterologous porcine circovirus genogroup 2a/2b infection induces severe disease in germ-free pigs. | our primary objectives were to determine: the relative virulence of porcine circovirus (pcv) 2a and pcv2b, if heterologous infection induces severe illness, and the relative concentration of pcv2a and pcv2b in tissues of heterologously infected pigs. in experiment 1, 18 germ-free piglets served as controls or were infected with pcv2a or pcv2b. half were immune stimulated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (2aklh, 2bklh). no piglets demonstrated severe ... | 2010 | 20409649 |
| development of an indirect elisa for the detection of duck circovirus infection in duck flocks. | infection with duck circovirus (ducv) is associated with growth retardation and developmental problems in farmed ducks. to detect ducv-specific antibody in duck serum, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) method was developed using the recombinant capsid protein antigen prepared by cloning the cap (cap) gene of ducv fj0601 strain into pet-32a (+) vector and expressed in escherichia coli. using the optimized ielisa method, ducv-specific antibodies were detected in 157 (12.96%) o ... | 2010 | 20409651 |
| serum antibodies and shedding of infectious porcine circovirus 2 into colostrum and milk of vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally infected sows. | serum antibodies and shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) into lacteal secretions were examined in naturally infected sows. total (ta) and neutralising (na) antibodies against pcv2 were evaluated in serum and colostrum from 20 vaccinated (vac) and 21 unvaccinated (n-vac) sows. anti-pcv2 iga titres and pcv2 infectious titres were determined in colostrum and milk. all sows had high ta and na levels in serum and colostrum. infectious pcv2 was detected in 22/41 colostrum samples (7/20 vac an ... | 2011 | 20409736 |
| dna-binding specificity determinants of replication proteins encoded by eukaryotic ssdna viruses are adjacent to widely separated rcr conserved motifs. | eukaryotic ssdna viruses encode a rolling-circle replication (rcr) initiation protein, rep, which binds to iterated dna elements functioning as essential elements for virus-specific replication. by using the iterons of all known circoviruses, nanoviruses and nanovirus-like satellites as heuristic devices, we have identified certain amino acid residues that presumably determine the dna-binding specificity of their rep proteins. these putative "specificity determinants" (spds) cluster in two discr ... | 2010 | 20422235 |
| immune responses and vaccine-induced immunity against porcine circovirus type 2. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is essential but not sufficient for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) occurrence in pigs. the outcome of pcv2 infection depends on the specific immune responses that are developing during the infection. diseased pigs are immunosupressed and unable to mount effective immune responses to clear the virus from circulation. in the final stage, pmws-affected pigs suffer from extensive lymphoid lesions and altered cytokine expression patterns in peripher ... | 2010 | 20451259 |
| fast diagnosis and quantification for porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. | the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, caused by the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), is a major disease that poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. the purpose of this study was to establish a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the quantification of pcv-2 and to enable the rapid differentiation of porcine circoviruses type 1 and 2 (pcv-1 and pcv-2). such a method would significantly speed up the process of clinical diagnosis, and could also be used ... | 2010 | 20457423 |
| molecular detection of genotype 3 porcine hepatitis e virus in aborted fetuses and their sows. | by reverse transcription (rt)-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr), hepatitis e virus (hev) rna was simultaneously detected in the livers of aborted fetuses and in fecal and serum samples from their sows, obtained from two of 14 farms tested. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that these hevs belonged to genotype 3 hev. hev rna was detected by real-time rt-pcr at 2.0 x 10(3)-2.8 x 10(4) viral copies/microl in the hev-positive samples. all hev-positive fetuses tested positive for porcine ... | 2010 | 20458510 |
| detection of porcine circovirus in rodents - short communication. | porcine circoviruses (pcv) are present worldwide, infecting domestic pigs and wild boars alike. studies under laboratory conditions indicated that pcv can be taken up by mice and the virus can replicate in these animals. the possible role of rodents in maintaining and transmitting pcv2 infection in the field has not been investigated yet. the present study reports the detection of pcv2, the pathogenic form of the virus, in mice and rats. a number of rodents, such as mice, rats and voles, were co ... | 2010 | 20460225 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) induces cell proliferation, fusion, and chemokine expression in swine monocytic cells in vitro. | granulomatous lymphadenitis is one of the pathognomonic lesions in post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected pigs. this unique lesion has not been reported in direct association with viral infection in pigs. the objective of the present study was to evaluate whether porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) alone is able to induce functional modulation in porcine monocytic cells in vitro to elucidate its possible role in the development of granulomatous inflammation. it was found that t ... | 2010 | 20492892 |
| ultrasensitive detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is associated with many diseases especially postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), which has brought huge economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. viral detection will pave the way for this disease prevention. herein, we developed a facile, rapid and ultrasensitive method for detection of pcv2 based on gold(iii) enhanced chemiluminescence immunoassay (clia). the gold(iii), dissolved from the gold nanoparticle-monoclonal antibody conjugate, serve ... | 2010 | 20508880 |
| swine virus-specific cytotoxic cells producing ifngamma under different conditions of virus antigenic stimulation. | flow cytometry is a useful tool to determine both the phenotype and function of immune cells during vaccination and viral infection. since cytokine release is a hallmark of cell activation, detection of intracellular interferon (ifn)gamma in cytotoxic cd8alpha+ cells under physiological conditions and after aujeszky's disease virus (adv)- or porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-swine interaction was carried out. blood samples were collected from healthy 10-month-old pigs, adv- or pcv2-vaccinated pig ... | 2010 | 20512626 |
| studies of porcine circovirus type 2, porcine boca-like virus and torque teno virus indicate the presence of multiple viral infections in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome pigs. | in a previous study, using random amplification and large-scale sequencing technology, we identified a novel porcine parvovirus belonging to the genus bocavirus in the background of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) in swedish pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in addition to bocavirus we demonstrated the presence of torque teno virus (ttv) genogroups 1 and 2 in these cases of pmws, indicating the simultaneous presence of several viruses in this disease complex. in the ... | 2010 | 20542066 |
| proinflammatory cytokine expression in the lung of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2-associated respiratory disease. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes a significant health problem for the swine industry worldwide. in this study, we investigated the cytokine expression profiles (ifn-γ, il-1α, il-8, and il-10) in the lungs of pigs with pcv2-associated respiratory disease. the mrna expressions of il-1α and il-8 were significantly up-regulated in pigs with pcv2-associated respiratory disease, while il-10 expression was not detected. these results suggest that the increased expressions of proinflammatory cyto ... | 2011 | 20542307 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) cap and rep proteins are involved in the development of cell-mediated immunity upon pcv2 infection. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the capside (cap) and replicase (rep) proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) as well as the whole pcv2 (both pcv2a and pcv2b genotypes) in the induction of cell-mediated immunity upon infection. at 6 weeks of age, six pigs were intranasally inoculated with the stoon 1010 (stoon) isolate (pcv2a) and seven with the sp-7-10-54-13 (sp) isolate (pcv2b). none of the pigs developed clinical disease but the sp group had significantly high ... | 2010 | 20566220 |
| selected swine viral pathogens in indoor pigs in spain. seroprevalence and farm-level characteristics. | a serosurvey on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), aujeszky's disease virus ge protein (adv ge), porcine parvovirus (ppv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was carried out in spanish pig herds. the serosurvey consisted of two studies. first, a retrospective study assessed the proportion of seropositive boar, sow and fattening pig herds and their seroprevalences to prrsv, siv, adv ge and ppv from 2003 to 2005 and to pcv2 from 2000 to 2005. ... | 2010 | 20569418 |
| replacement of the replication factors of porcine circovirus (pcv) type 2 with those of pcv type 1 greatly enhances viral replication in vitro. | porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1), originally isolated as a contaminant of pk-15 cells, is nonpathogenic, whereas porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes an economically important disease in pigs. to determine the factors affecting virus replication, we constructed chimeric viruses by swapping open reading frame 1 (orf1) (rep) or the origin of replication (ori) between pcv1 and pcv2 and compared the replication efficiencies of the chimeric viruses in pk-15 cells. the results showed that the repli ... | 2010 | 20573809 |
| genomic expression profiling in lymph nodes with lymphoid depletion from porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease, such as post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, which involves lymphocyte depletion. however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of lymphoid depletion. to gain insight into the interaction between virus and host cells, microarrays were used to analyse changes in genomic expression in lymph nodes following pcv2 infection of pigs, together with negative controls. total rna was su ... | 2010 | 20573857 |
| genetic typing of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) isolates from slovakia. | of 120 clinical specimens obtained from pigs bred on 28 pmws-affected farms in slovakia, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was detected by single pcr in 77 samples. a short 224 bp fragment of orf2 was used for preliminary grouping of isolates by phylogenetic analysis. nucleotide sequences of the entire orf2 region provided more precise genetic typing and segregation of preselected isolates (n=10) into two known genotypes, pcv-2a (n=1) and pcv-2b (n=9). complete genome sequencing of three selecte ... | 2011 | 20580978 |
| field efficacy of an inactivated bivalent influenza vaccine in a multi-site swine production system during an outbreak of systemic porcine circovirus associated disease. | swine influenza (si) is a disease of significance for the swine industry, and vaccination is often recommended as a way to reduce its impact on production. the efficacy of si vaccines is well established under experimental conditions, but information about field efficacy is scarce. the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial inactivated bivalent (h1n1/h3n2) vaccine under conditions of natural exposure to a field si variant. to accomplish our goal we used a randomized ... | 2010 | 20592840 |
| genomic analysis of porcine circovirus type-2 isolates in alberta pigs demonstrating clinical porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad). | nineteen pigs with clinical signs of porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvad) on 5 alberta pig farms were examined pathologically, including gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for porcine circovirus type-2 (pcv-2) and sequence analysis was performed on tissue samples of 12 animals. results showed that new strains of porcine circovirus type-2 genogroup b were present in most pigs that were positive for pcv-2. furthermore, a mixed infec ... | 2010 | 20592846 |
| comparative evaluation of prrs virus infection in vaccinated and naïve pigs. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the time-course of the immune response to a field porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) strain in prrs-naïve, untreated pigs, as well as in four groups of age and breed-matched pigs injected with a live attenuated prrs vaccine, its adjuvant, an inactivated prrs vaccine and an irrelevant, inactivated porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccine, respectively. prrsv infection was confirmed in all groups by pcr and antibody assays. the ant ... | 2011 | 20598328 |
| fda: benefits of rotavirus vaccination outweigh potential contamination risk. | | 2010 | 20606142 |
| neutralization of infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) by capsid-binding 2'f-rna aptamers. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvd), which is responsible for economic losses in the swine industry. the capsid protein of pcv2 has important role for virus neutralization that blocks viral infection. to develop the therapeutic agents, two 2'f-rna aptamers that bound to the pcv2 capsid protein with nanomole affinity were isolated from a 2'f-rna library by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (selex ... | 2010 | 20615431 |
| pathogenicity and molecular characterization of emerging porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in vietnam in 2007. | in 2007, vietnam experienced swine disease outbreaks causing clinical signs similar to the 'porcine high fever disease' that occurred in china during 2006. analysis of diagnostic samples from the disease outbreaks in vietnam identified porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). additionally, escherichia coli and streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus were cultured from lung and spleen, and streptococcus suis from one spleen sample. gen ... | 2010 | 20629970 |
| a mouse model to study infection against porcine circovirus type 2: viral distribution and lesions in mouse. | little information is known about viral distribution and transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in species other than swine. it is still a debated topic whether the pcv2 could be infected and caused clinical lesions. our study is aimed to estimate the susceptibility of kunming mouse to pcv2. forty-eight, 6-week-old kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups. group a (c1-c12) was inoculated with pk-15 cell culture as a control group. group b (spcv1-12) was inoculated orally and ... | 2010 | 20630105 |
| effect of an interferon-stimulated response element (isre) mutant of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on pcv2-induced pathological lesions in a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) co-infection model. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in swine. coinfections of pcv2 with other swine pathogens increase the severity of pcvad. induction of proinflammatory cytokines by coinfecting pathogens may attribute to the exacerbation of pcvad during coinfections. an interferon-stimulated response element (isre) sequence was identified in the origin of replication of pcv2 genome. to assess the role of isre in pcv2 pathogenesis du ... | 2011 | 20637549 |
| comparison of commercial and experimental porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines using a triple challenge with pcv2, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and porcine parvovirus (ppv). | the efficacies of commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines and a live pcv1-2a chimeric vaccine were compared in conventional, pcv2-positive piglets using a pcv2-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv)-porcine parvovirus (ppv) coinfection challenge model. seventy-three, 2-week-old pigs were randomized into seven groups including five vaccinated and two control groups. pigs in the vaccinated groups were vaccinated at 3 weeks (one dose) or at 3 and 6 weeks (two dose) ... | 2010 | 20637768 |
| self-assembly of virus-like particles of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein expressed from escherichia coli. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a serious problem to the swine industry and can lead to significant negative impacts on profitability of pork production. syndrome associated with pcv2 is known as porcine circovirus closely associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the capsid (cap) protein of pcv2 is a major candidate antigen for development of recombinant vaccine and serological diagnostic method. the recombinant cap protein has the ability to self-assemble into virus-li ... | 2010 | 20646322 |
| a novel genotype of beak and feather disease virus in budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus). | beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) is a causative agent for psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd), which shows a characteristic feather disorder in psittacine birds. nineteen budgerigars, which were clinically suspected to have pbfd, were examined by two polymerase chain reactions (pcr), which target each of open reading frames (orfs) v1 and c1. all of the 19 samples were detected bfdv by the pcr targeting orf c1, whereas only two of them were detected by the pcr targeting orf v1. it was ... | 2010 | 20658313 |
| dual expression system for assembling phage lambda display particle (ldp) vaccine to porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). | the bacteriophage lambda small capsid protein d forms trimers on the phage head. d-fusion polypeptides can be expressed from plasmids in e. coli and remain soluble without aggregation. we report a dual expression system for the display of four immunodominant regions of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) capsid protein (cap) as d-cap fusions on lambda display particles (ldp). the ldp-d-cap preparation proved an effective vaccine in pigs, eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses and pcv2 neut ... | 2010 | 20674873 |
| efficacy of experimentally produced spray-dried plasma on infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2. | the value of incorporating spray-dried plasma (sdp) into the diet of weanling pigs to improve feed intake and growth performance has been well documented. however, limited work has been done to confirm that the spray-drying process eliminates all viral contaminates including porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). to determine the effect of spray-drying on pcv2 infectivity, colostrum-fed, crossbred, specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were inoculated with pcv2-contaminated sdp intraperitoneally (sdp-ip) ... | 2010 | 20675601 |
| detection rates of the swine torque teno viruses (ttvs), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and hepatitis e virus (hev) in the livers of pigs with hepatitis. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and hepatitis e virus (hev) are the most recently recognized causes of infectious hepatitis of pigs and may or may not act independently in the development of the disease. recently it has been suggested that swine torque teno viruses (ttvs), in co-infections with some swine viral pathogens, may potentiate the severity of disease. in order to search for virological cofactors associated with infectious hepatitis in pigs, we investigated the liver tissues, to determ ... | 2010 | 20676762 |
| rotavirus vaccine contamination with pcv1--statement of iap committee on immunization. | | 2010 | 20683111 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies and gene-deleted virus vaccines. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed specifically for detection and differentiation of pseudorabies virus (prv). one group of primers was designed to detect wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the ge gene) and the other group of primers was designed to detect both prv ge-vaccine and wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the gg gene and with or without the ge gene). after amplification by bst enzyme at a constant temperature of 65 degrees c, a laddering of bright ... | 2010 | 20691214 |
| comparative efficacy of three commercial pcv2 vaccines in conventionally reared pigs. | the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of three commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines. twenty 3-week old pigs were injected with one of three different vaccines, a, b, c, or were unvaccinated controls. pigs in group a were given a second dose at 6weeks of age according to the manufacturer's protocol. antibody titers in all pigs declined gradually, but increased sharply by 22weeks of age. viremia in the three vaccinated groups at 22weeks of age was significantly less tha ... | 2010 | 20691624 |
| longitudinal study of respiratory infection patterns of breeding sows in five farrow-to-finish herds. | a longitudinal study was carried out in five french farrow-to-finish herds differently affected by respiratory diseases to describe the carrying and infection patterns of batches of sows to various respiratory pathogens during gestation and lactation. an entire batch of sows was followed during two successive reproduction cycles. nasal, tonsillar and oro-pharyngeal swabs and blood samples were taken from each sow 9 and 4 weeks before farrowing and 1 and 4 weeks after farrowing. mycoplasma hyopne ... | 2011 | 20696539 |
| establishment of a multiplex rt-pcr assay to detect different lineages of swine h1 and h3 influenza a viruses. | classical swine h1n1, emerging european avian-like h1n1 and human-like h3n2 lineages are co-circulating in the swine population in china. the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay is an effective method for use in influenza surveillance. in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was developed for simultaneous identification of hemagglutinin (ha) genes derived from the three lineages of swine influenza viruses. three primer sets were designed and aimed specifically at ha g ... | 2010 | 20700759 |
| distribution and characterization of il-10-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pcv2-infected pigs. | distribution and characterization of interlukin-10 (il-10)-secreting cells in lymphoid tissues of pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were evaluated in accordance with pcv2 antigen detection. after screening a total of 56 pigs showing the symptoms of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), 15 pigs were pcv2 positive and 5 pigs, which showed stronger positive signals over multiples tissues were further investigated. this study showed that in pcv2-infected lymp ... | 2010 | 20706023 |
| characterization of necrotizing lymphadenitis associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | necrotizing lymphadenitis is observed in approximately 2% of pigs affected by post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). the pathogenesis of the lesion has been linked to apoptosis induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the aim of the present study was to gain further insights into pcv2-associated lymphoid necrosis in pigs with pmws. three groups of animals were studied: (1) pmws-affected pigs with necrotizing lymphadenitis (n=5), (2) pmws-affected pigs without necrotizing lymphad ... | 2011 | 20708744 |
| detection of duck circovirus in china: a proposal on genotype classification. | since the first description of duck circovirus (ducv)-associated disease, there are several reports about the distribution of the disease. however, the information regarding the genetic variation of ducv in recent years is unclear. in the present study, the complete genomic sequences of 9 ducv strains, which were obtained by pcr screening from 90 dead or diseased ducks collected from different regions in china between 2008 and 2010, were determined and compared with previously available ducv seq ... | 2011 | 20709471 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 morphogenesis in a clone derived from the l35 lymphoblastoid cell line. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), one of the most important diseases of swine. although several studies have described different biological properties of the virus, some aspects of its replication cycle, including ultrastructural alterations, remain unknown. the aim of the present study was to describe for the first time a complete morphogenesis study of pcv2 in a clone of the lymphoblastoid l35 cell line at ... | 2011 | 20800239 |
| a cohort study of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and pcv2 in 178 pigs from birth to 14 weeks on a single farm in england. | our hypothesis was that pigs that develop post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) are detectable from an early age with signs of weight loss and other clinical and serological abnormalities. therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the temporally varying and fixed events linked with the clinical incidence of pmws by comparing affected and unaffected pigs in a cohort of 178 male piglets. piglets were enrolled at birth and examined each week. samples of blood were colle ... | 2010 | 20801534 |
| effect of a commercial paratyphus vaccine on the development of pigeon circovirus infection in young pigeons (columba livia domestica). | infection with pigeon circovirus (picv) has been associated with young pigeon disease syndrome (ypds), which is considered to be a multifactorial disease. the factors that determine whether birds succumb to clinical disease are not known. to evaluate the potential effect of vaccination with a commercial paratyphus vaccine on the progression of picv infection in young pigeons, forty 6-week-old pigeons naturally infected with picv were randomly assigned to two equal groups. the pigeons of one grou ... | 2010 | 20806655 |
| immunohistochemical and ultra-structural detection of pneumocystis in wild boars (sus scrofa) co-infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in southern brazil. | pneumocystis spp. are fungi that are able to infect a variety of host species and, occasionally, lead to severe pneumonia. porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is an important viral pathogen which affects both swine and wild boar herds worldwide. co-infection between pcv2 and other pathogens has been reported, and the secondary immunodeficiency caused by the virus may predispose to these co-infections. in the present study, postmortem tissue samples obtained from wild boar herds in southern brazil w ... | 2011 | 20807029 |
| cytotoxicity of orf3 proteins from a nonpathogenic and a pathogenic porcine circovirus. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection is associated with significant and serious swine diseases worldwide, while pcv1 appears to be a nonpathogenic virus. previous studies demonstrated that the orf3 protein of pcv2 (pcv2orf3) was involved in pcv2 pathogenesis via its proapoptotic capability (j. liu, i. chen, q. du, h. chua, and j. kwang, j. virol. 80:5065-5073, 2006). if pcv2orf3-induced apoptosis is a determinant of virulence, pcv1orf3 is hypothesized to lack this ability. the properties o ... | 2010 | 20810737 |
| apoptosis in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) hepatitis in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | the degree of apoptosis in the livers of pigs with hepatitis due to naturally-occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was evaluated semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical detection of the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3 (ccasp3). the amount and distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) virus in the liver was evaluated using in situ hybridisation. livers with mild, stage i hepatitis exhibited similar degrees of apoptosis to controls; those with stage ii lesions h ... | 2010 | 20817515 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 dna influences cytoskeleton rearrangements in plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | functional disruption of dendritic cells (dc) is an important strategy for viral pathogens to evade host defences. in this context, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus, impairs plasmacytoid dc (pdc) and conventional dc activation by certain viruses or toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands. this inhibitory capacity is associated with the viral dna, but the impairment does not affect all signalling cascades; tlr7 ligation by small chemical molecules will still induce interleuk ... | 2011 | 20840632 |
| distribution of orf2 and orf3 genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), the essential infectious agent in pcvd (porcine circovirus diseases) circulates at high rates among domestic pig and wild boar populations. wild boars may be viremic and shed the virus with excretions and secretions, and thus serve as a reservoir for domestic pig pcv-2 infection. we hypothesize that pcv-2 strains circulating in wild boars and in domestic pigs are significantly different and thus, partially independent. to prove this hypothesis, the present study inv ... | 2010 | 20869816 |
| ear necrosis reduction in pigs after vaccination against pcv2. | the influence of sows vaccination against pcv2 on the prevalence of ear necrosis syndrome (ens) reduction among weaners was analyzed using 12,931 piglets from 45 consecutive batches, born to both, vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows. the results were statistically tested with a nonparametric kruskal-wallis and chi-square tests. the results show that vaccination against pcv2 significantly reduced the prevalence of ens (p<0.05). the percentage of affected pigs born to vaccinated sows was about over ... | 2010 | 20889175 |
| development of a blocking elisa for detection of serum neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2. | a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based blocking elisa was developed for the detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the mab with neutralizing activity, which was produced by immunizing a recombinant capsid protein of pcv2 expressed in insect cells, was used as the detector antibody. the assay was evaluated in comparison with a serum neutralization assay, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 98.8% and 88.5%, respectively. a significant posit ... | 2010 | 20923690 |
| porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection at the time of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination has no impact on vaccine efficacy. | several porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines are now commercially available and have been shown to be effective at decreasing the occurrence of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). many herds are coinfected with pcv2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). some producers and veterinarians are concerned that if pigs are vaccinated for pcv2 at or near the time that they are typically infected with prrsv, the efficacy of the pcv2 vaccine will be compromised. ... | 2010 | 20926694 |
| investigation of a pig herd with animals seropositive for classical swine fever and where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. | aim: to investigate the cause of classical swine fever (csf) virus-seropositive animals in a nucleus pig-breeding herd in new zealand, where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. case history and clinical findings: an exotic disease investigation was undertaken to exclude csf and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) on a nucleus pig-breeding herd comprising approximately 300 breeding sows, 1,000 weaners, and 650 grower pigs. the herd was experiencing poor repr ... | 2010 | 20927176 |
| identification of an amino acid domain encoded by the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 that modulates intracellular viral protein distribution during replication. | previous work showed that distinct amino acid motifs are encoded by the rep, cap and orf3 genes of two subgroups of porcine circoviruses (pcv), pcv2a and pcv2b. at a specific location of the gene, a certain amino acid residue or sequence is preferred. specifically, two amino acid domains located in the capsid protein, designated motif-1 (six residues located at positions 86-91) and motif-2 (four residues at positions 190-191-206-210), have been identified to associate with either pcv2a (motif-1a ... | 2010 | 20933555 |
| phylogenetic analysis of six isolates of beak and feather disease virus from african grey parrots in portugal. | beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), a member of the genus circovirus, was detected in six dead african grey parrots (psittacus erithacus) in portugal. the complete nucleotide sequences of these six bfdvs (pt05, pt08, pt08-2, pt08-3, pt09, and pt09-2) were determined and analyzed. the seven open reading frames (orfs) described for other bfdvs were detected in all strains, except for pt05 and pt08, in which orfs 4 and 7 are absent. bayesian inference of phylogeny based on complete genomes of bf ... | 2010 | 20945789 |
| porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2): genetic variation and newly emerging genotypes in china. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), is a serious economic problem for the swine industry in china. in this study, we investigated the genetic variation of pcv2 in china using strains isolated from 2004-2008. viruses were isolated from samples collected from pigs with multi-systemic lesions and clinical signs of pmws from different regions of china, and the genomes of these viruses were sequenced. the assembled sequences were ... | 2010 | 20955622 |
| development and validation of an elisa using a protein encoded by orf2 antigenic domain of porcine circovirus type 2. | the capsid protein (orf2) is a major structural protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). a simple and reliable diagnostic method based on orf2 protein immunoreactivity would serve as a valuable diagnostic method for detecting serum antibodies to pcv2 and monitoring pcv infection. here, we reported an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) by using an antigenic domain (113-147aa) of orf2-encoded antigen, expressed in e. coli, for diagnosis of pcv infection. | 2010 | 20958981 |
| an elisa based on a truncated soluble orf2 protein for the detection of pcv2 antibodies in domestic pigs. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the capsid protein (cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a pcv2 infection. in the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tcelisa) based on a truncated soluble cap protein produced in escherichi ... | 2010 | 20960293 |
| prokaryotic expression and potential application of the truncated pcv-2 capsid protein. | three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify the f2-1, f2-2 and xf2-2 truncated sequences of orf2 which encodes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the f2-1 sequence had most of the nls region of orf2, but the f2-2 and xf2-2 genes had the nls region deleted. truncated genes were subcloned into pet-32a(+) vectors to construct recombinant fusion expression vectors. the vectors were then transformed into rosetta(de3) e. coli and expressed by induction of iptg. expre ... | 2010 | 20960305 |
| high prevalence of porcine circovirus viremia in newborn piglets in five clinically normal swine breeding herds in north america. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can be vertically transmitted resulting in fetal infection with or without clinical signs and lesions. the primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intrauterine pcv2 infection in clinically normal newborn piglets in conventional pork production facilities. five commercial breeding herds located in the u.s. and mexico were included in the study. a total of 125 sows and 3-5 neonatal piglets per sow were arbitrarily selected. blood and colostr ... | 2010 | 20970864 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in swine associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) is a chronic respiratory disease. although the pathogenesis of boop is still incompletely understood, boop is responsive to steroids and has a good prognosis. in our five pigs with chronic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), typical boop lesions were revealed. all five porcine lungs showed typical intraluminal plugs, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was identified. they also exhibited similar pathologic findings such as prol ... | 2010 | 20976305 |
| the porcine circovirus type 1 in porcine kidney 15 cell line is not transferred to mice lymphoid cells after xenoimplantation into the peritoneal cavity. | the porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) has been identified within lymphoid tissues of experimental infected pigs and suggested to induce an immunosuppressive stage in pigs. the virus does not induce a cytophatic effect in the pig-derived cell line pk-15. because pcv1 is prevalent in many pig cells and tissues, the risk of inducing a viral xenozoonosis by pcv1 was raised for the xenoimplantation of pig cells into human hosts. the present work evaluated if pcv1 is able to replicate in mice tissues a ... | 2010 | 20977832 |
| molecular characterization of porcine circovirus 2 isolated from diseased pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | in this study, we isolated a porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) strain from piglets co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the complete genome of this strain was sequenced, phylogenetic and polymorphic analyses were carried out. blast searches revealed the highest sequence identity (99.5% nt and 99.3% aa) to guangxi strain ef675230. the phylogenetic tree showed that clustering of the isolates didn't strongly correlate to geographical distribution. polymorphic anal ... | 2010 | 20979625 |
| cytokine induction by immunostimulatory dna in porcine pbmc is impaired by a hairpin forming sequence motif from the genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can cause postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in young pigs with severe immunosuppression as a major characteristic of the disease complex. despite the dramatic involvement of the immune system, the interaction between pcv2 and the host is until date not well understood. the dna genome of pcv2 contains sequences that in synthetic form (oligodeoxyribonucleotides; odns) can act immunomodulatory on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (popbmcs) i ... | 2010 | 20980058 |
| assessment and quantification of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome severity at farm level. | post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) causes major economic losses for the english pig industry and severity of clinical signs and economic impact vary considerably between affected farms. we present here a novel approach to quantify severity of pmws based on morbidity and mortality data and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in 2008-2009, 147 pig farms across england, non-vaccinating for pcv2, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. factor analysis was used to generat ... | 2010 | 21036410 |
| novel chimeric porcine circovirus (pcv) with the capsid gene of the emerging pcv2b subtype cloned in the genomic backbone of the non-pathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective and cross-protective immunity against pcv2b and pcv2a subtypes in pigs. | porcine circovirus type-2b (pcv2b) is the primary global causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in this study, we first constructed a novel chimeric virus (pcv1-2b) with the pcv2b capsid gene cloned into the backbone of non-pathogenic pcv1. a pathogenicity study conducted in caesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs showed that pigs inoculated with pcv1-2b (n=10) had decreased lymphoid lesions and significantly lower viral load at 21 dpi, and significantly lower viremi ... | 2010 | 21044670 |
| identification of a new antigen epitope in the nuclear localization signal region of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic syndrome in pigs. the capsid (cap) protein encoded by orf2 is the main structural protein involved in the host immune protective response to pcv2. it is therefore important to map the antigenic epitopes of the pcv2 cap protein. | 2010 | 21051902 |
| singular pcv2a or pcv2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is clinically associated with respiratory disease, failure-to-thrive, hepatitis, and diarrhea; however, the precise pathogenesis of pcv2-associated disease and in particular its involvement in apoptosis is still controversial. the objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether pcv2 is associated with apoptosis by examining and comparing hepatic tissues from clinically affected or unaffected gnotobiotic pigs that were experimentally infected with pcv2, (2) ... | 2010 | 21074229 |
| epidemiology and horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small, non-enveloped, circular, single-stranded dna virus of economic importance in the swine industry worldwide. based on the sequence analyses of pcv2 strains, isolates can be divided into five subtypes (pcv2a-e). pcv2 is an ubiquitous virus based on serological and viremia data from countries worldwide. in addition, pcv2 dna was discovered in archived samples prior to the first recognition of clinical disease. recently, a worldwide shift in pcv2 subtype f ... | 2010 | 21087576 |
| prevalence of porcine circoviruses in transylvanian wild boars, detected by real-time pcr--short communication. | porcine circoviruses (pcv) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of pcv in other suid species. based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that pcv1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to pcv2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of pmws. studies including pcv2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. t ... | 2010 | 21087917 |
| distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of north bačka county were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in serbia. all of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). all pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (ihc) and pcr analysis. the presence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) ... | 2010 | 21087918 |
| analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 detected in rotarix vaccine. | a metagenomic analysis of live human vaccines has recently demonstrated the presence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) dna in the paediatric vaccine rotarix used in the prevention of acute gastroenteritis. using real-time pcr for pcv1, titres of pcv1 dna in several batches of rotarix were found to be in the order of 6-7 log(10) copies per dose. pre-treatment of the reconstituted vaccine with the nuclease benzonase, followed by extraction of nucleic acid and quantification of pcv1 dna by real-t ... | 2010 | 21093497 |
| shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after experimental infection. | the objective of this study was to determine the amount and infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions following experimental infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals until 69 days post-inoculation (dpi) from five pcv2-experimentally inoculated pigs (trial 1). to assess the infectivity of the pcv2 present in excretions, secretions, and on a hypodermic needle, 26 pcv2-naïve pigs (trial 2) were inoculated wit ... | 2010 | 21111547 |
| shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after natural exposure. | the objective of this study was to determine the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions over time following natural pcv2 infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals starting at 28 days post-farrowing (dpf) until 209 dpf from four pigs naturally infected with pcv2. pcv2 dna was detected in all sample types. there were no differences in the amount of pcv2 dna present in different sample types over time. pcv2 dna ... | 2010 | 21111548 |
| further comments on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and nomenclature. | | 2010 | 21112703 |
| detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the ns1 gene. | a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (ppv). two primers and a taqman probe for the non-structural protein ns1 gene were designed. the detection limit was 1 x 10² dna copies/μl, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever vir ... | 2010 | 21126330 |
| immunopathological characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 infection-associated follicular changes in inguinal lymph nodes using high-throughput tissue microarray. | the immunopathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in conventional pigs is complicated by various environmental factors and individual variation and is difficult to be completely reproduced experimentally. in the present field-based study, a tissue microarray (tma) consisting of a series of lymphoid follicles having different pcv2-loads was constructed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded superficial inguinal lymph nodes (lns) from 102 pigs. using the tma, a wide range of ... | 2010 | 21126833 |
| shedding pattern and serological profile of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived and farm-raised pigs. | six 5-week-old porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-free, cesarean-derived, colostrums-deprived (cdcd) pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10(6) tcid(50) of pcv2. four cdcd pigs were untreated cohabitants. forty farm-raised pigs from two pcv2-contaminated herds were randomly selected for pcv2 trace investigations. blood, nasal, oropharyngeal and fecal samples were collected from all tested pigs weekly. the pcv2 dna shed at 6-11 and 7-12 weeks of age for pcv2-inoculated pigs and cohabitants, respe ... | 2010 | 21139354 |
| orf3 of porcine circovirus 2 enhances the in vitro and in vivo spread of the of the virus. | the orf3 protein of the pathogenic porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis of the virus-infected cells. in pcv2-infected piglets, orf3 induces b and cd4 t lymphocyte depletion and lymphoid organ destruction and the orf3-deficient pcv2 is attenuated in its pathogenicity (virology, 383 (2009), 338). in addition to its role in causing the apoptosis of the immune cells, characteristic of the pcv2 infection associated disease conditions, the orf3 also plays a role in the systemic dissemination o ... | 2010 | 21144544 |
| house fly vector for porcine circovirus 2b on commercial pig farms. | we investigated the on-farm potential of common farm invertebrates to transmit porcine circovirus genotype 2 (pcv2) and other non-enveloped viruses. in 2007 (pre-pcv2 vaccination) and 2008 (post-pcv2 vaccination), invertebrate communities were trap-collected (8 trap-dates per year), counted and sorted into genus and species groups on 5 farm study sites within england. total dna was extracted from feces of representational cross-sections of pigs on each farm in each year and also from intact samp ... | 2010 | 21145672 |
| porcine circovirus-2 viral load versus lesions in pigs: perspectives for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the main agent related to post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and it is also associated with other syndromes affecting pigs. not all pigs infected with pcv-2 will develop pmws and the incidence of pmws is higher when coinfecting viral and bacterial pathogens are present. in this study, pcv-2 viral loads were evaluated in the tissues of animals with and without pmws in order to investigate the relationship between viral load and microscopical lesions ... | 2010 | 21168851 |