| co-infection status of porcine circoviruses (pcv2 and pcv3) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in pigs with watery diarrhea in henan province, central china. | porcine circoviruses (pcv2 and pcv3) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are important swine viruses that threaten the swine industry worldwide. here, we evaluated the co-infection status of pcv2, pcv3 and pedv in 76 enteric samples from piglets with severe diarrhea disease in henan, china. all samples were tested by pcr/rt-pcr. our results showed that the infection rate of pcv2, pcv3 and pedv was 82.89%, 76.32% and 68.42%, respectively. interestingly, most of these samples exhibited mixe ... | 2020 | 32036077 |
| oral administration of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein expressing in silkworm pupae failed to elicit immune responses in pigs. | the silkworm (bombyx mori) and its pupae have been used for decades as nutritional additives and applied on the production of high-quality recombinant proteins via the baculovirus expression vector (bev) system. the bio-capsule, the fat-rich body, and some body components of the silkworm pupae, which deliver antigens passing through the harsh environment of digestive tract and reaching the intestine, have been used as a vehicle for oral vaccines. in the present study, to develop a novel oral vac ... | 2020 | 31993764 |
| recombinant adenovirus carrying a core neutralizing epitope of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and heat-labile enterotoxin b of escherichia coli as a mucosal vaccine. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) targets the intestinal mucosa in pigs. to protect against pedv invasion, a mucosal vaccine is utilized effectively. in this study, we generated a recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) and the core neutralizing epitope (coe) of pedv (rad-ltb-coe). the fusion protein ltb-coe was successfully expressed by the recombinant adenovirus in hek293 cells, and the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate was assessed in balb/c mice ... | 2020 | 31950289 |
| investigation of the role of the spike protein in reversing the virulence of the highly virulent taiwan porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pintung 52 strains and its attenuated counterpart. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has continuously caused severe economic losses to the global swine industries; however, no successful vaccine against pedv has been developed. in this study, we generated four autologous recombinant viruses, including the highly virulent ipedvpt-p5, attenuated ipedvpt-p96, and two chimeric viruses (ipedvpt-p5-96s and ipedvpt-p96-5s) with the reciprocally exchanged spike (s) gene, to study the role of the s gene in pedv pathogenesis. a deeper understanding o ... | 2019 | 31905842 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea altered colonic microbiota communities in suckling piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a major gastrointestinal disease afflicting suckling pigs that causes huge industrial economic losses. in this study, we investigated microbiota from the colonic mucosa and content in healthy and ped piglets. high-throughput 16s rrna gene sequencing was performed to identify inter-group differences. firmicutes, fusobacteria, proteobacteria, and bacteroidetes were the top four affected phyla. the proportion of proteobacteria was higher in infected than in health ... | 2019 | 31905830 |
| pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a new strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus containing a novel deletion in the n gene. | since late 2010, highly virulent pedv g2-genotype strains have emerged globally extracting heavy losses on the pork industries of numerous countries. we investigated the characteristics of a field strain of pedv (pedv strain sh) isolated from a piglet with severe diarrhea on a farm in shanghai china. whole genome sequencing and analysis revealed that the sh strain belonged to subtype g2b and has a unique 12-aa deletion (aa 399-410) including the antigenic epitope nep-1c9 (aa 398-406) of the n pr ... | 2020 | 31902508 |
| microarray analysis reveals the inhibition of intestinal expression of nutrient transporters in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection can induce intestinal dysfunction, resulting in severe diarrhea and even death, but the mode of action underlying these viral effects remains unclear. this study determined the effects of pedv infection on intestinal absorption and the expression of genes for nutrient transporters via biochemical tests and microarray analysis. sixteen 7-day-old healthy piglets fed a milk replacer were randomly allocated to one of two groups. after 5-day adaption, ... | 2019 | 31875021 |
| bst2 suppresses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by targeting and degrading virus nucleocapsid protein with selective autophagy. | interferon-induced bst2 (bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2) inhibits viral replication by tethering enveloped virions to the cell surface to restrict viral release and by inducing the nfkb-dependent antiviral immune response. however, the mechanism by which bst2 uses the selective autophagy pathway to inhibit viral replication is poorly understood. in this study, we showed that bst2 expression was significantly increased during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection of vero cells by i ... | 2020 | 31868081 |
| antiviral activity of interleukin-11 as a response to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | interleukin-11 (il-11), a well-known anti-inflammatory factor, provides protection from intestinal epithelium damage caused by physical or chemical factors. however, little is known of the role of il-11 during viral infections. in this study, il-11 expression at mrna and protein levels were found to be high in vero cells and the jejunum of piglets during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, while il-11 expression was found to be positively correlated with the level of viral infectio ... | 2019 | 31864417 |
| isolation and characterization of a variant subgroup gii-a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain in china. | highly virulent variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have been closely associated with recent outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) in china, which have resulted in severe economic losses to the pork industry. | 2020 | 31838173 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of bacillus licheniformis-fermented products against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | bacillus licheniformis (b. licheniformis) is commonly used as probiotic and its secondary metabolites are attractive anti-microbial candidate. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of crude extracts from b. licheniformis against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a highly contagious enveloped porcine virus that has caused great economic loss in pigs. in vivo, pedv-infected piglets supplemented with air-dried solid state fermentative cultivate containing b. lichen ... | 2019 | 31797149 |
| origin and epidemic status of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variants in china. | from 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants caused sequential outbreaks of disease in asia and the united states. in this retrospective study, 49 complete spike (s) gene sequences were obtained from pedv strains collected in china from 2014 to 2016. we observed that variant pedv strains with novel insertions, deletions, and multiple s gene recombination types were present in china. in addition, mixed infections involving different variant strains were observed in some areas. based ... | 2020 | 31793242 |
| oral vitamin a supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected gilts enhances iga and lactogenic immune protection of nursing piglets. | vitamin a (va) has pleiotropic effects on the immune system and is critical for mucosal immune function and intestinal lymphocyte trafficking. we hypothesized that oral va supplementation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)-infected pregnant gilts would enhance the gut-mammary gland-secretory iga axis to boost lactogenic immunity and passive protection of nursing piglets against pedv challenge. gilts received daily oral retinyl acetate (30 000 iu) starting at gestation day 76 throughout la ... | 2019 | 31783923 |
| manipulation of intestinal antiviral innate immunity and immune evasion strategies of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection causes watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in neonatal pigs, due to its clinical pathogenesis of the intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction. the host's innate immune system is the first line of defence upon virus invasion of the small intestinal epithelial cells. in turn, the virus has evolved to modulate the host's innate immunity during infection, resulting in pathogen virulence, survival, and the establishment of successful infecti ... | 2019 | 31781594 |
| development and comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on recombinant trimeric full-length and truncated spike proteins for detecting antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | since 2010, outbreaks of genotype 2 (g2) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have caused high mortality in neonatal piglets and have had devastating impacts on the swine industry in many countries. a reliable serological assay for evaluating the pedv-specific humoral and mucosal immune response is important for disease survey, monitoring the efficacy of immunization, and designing strategies for the prevention and control of ped. two pedv spike (s) glycoprotein-based indirect enzyme-linked im ... | 2019 | 31775769 |
| enhancement of antigen-specific humoral immune responses and protein solubility through conjugation of bacterial flagellin, vibrio vulnificus flab, to the n-terminus of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus surface protein antigen s0. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious enteric swine disease. the large economic impact of ped on the swine industry worldwide has made the development of an effective ped vaccine a necessity. s0, a truncated region of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) spike protein, has been suggested as a candidate antigen for ped subunit vaccines; however, poor solubility problems when the protein is expressed in escherichia coli, and the inherent problems of subunit vaccines, such as ... | 2019 | 31775197 |
| effect of dietary medium-chain fatty acids on nursery pig growth performance, fecal microbial composition, and mitigation properties against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus following storage. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary medium-chain fatty acid (mcfa) addition on nursery pig growth performance, fecal microbial composition, and mitigation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) following storage. a total of 360 pigs (dna 400 × 200, columbus, ne; initially 6.7 ± 0.07 kg) were randomized to pens (5 pigs per pen) on the day of weaning (approximately 20 d of age), allowed a 6-d acclimation, blocked by bw, and randomized to dietary treatment (9 pens per t ... | 2020 | 31758795 |
| development of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus specific antibodies (igg) in serum of naturally infected pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection is a highly contagious infectious disease causing watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and high mortality rate in newborn piglets. pedv infection can cause high economic losses in pig industry. in japan, a pedv outbreak occurred with high mortality from 2013 to 2015. even though until now, pedv infection occurs sporadically. for the control and monitoring of pedv infection, not only symptomatic pigs, but also asymptomatic pigs should be identifi ... | 2019 | 31718620 |
| emerging highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: molecular mechanisms of attenuation and rational design of live attenuated vaccines. | the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged in china in 2010. it infects pigs of all ages, and causes severe diarrhea and high mortality rates in newborn pigs, leading to devastating economic losses in the pork industry worldwide. effective and safe vaccines against highly virulent pedv strains are still unavailable, hampering the further prevention, control and eradication of the disease in herds. vaccination of pregnant sows with live attenuated vaccines (lavs) is the mo ... | 2019 | 31689903 |
| evaluation of the efficacy of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pigs. | in recent years, many studies have shown that recombinant adenovirus live vector-based vaccines are a promising novel vaccine candidate against virus infection. therefore, in this study, a new type of recombinant adenovirus expressing the spike (s) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), rad-pedv-s, was generated, and its characteristics were determined. then, its efficacy as a vaccine candidate was evaluated in 4-week-old pigs. the results showed that the s protein could be well expr ... | 2019 | 31687402 |
| significant interference with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pandemic and classical strain replication in small-intestine epithelial cells using an shrna expression vector. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) re-emerged in china in 2010 and is now widespread. evidence indicates that highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strains belonging to genotype g2 caused a large-scale outbreak of diarrhea. currently, vaccines derived from pedv classical strains do not effectively prevent infection by virulent pedv strains, and no specific drug is available to treat the disease. rna interference (rnai) is a novel and effective way to cure a wide range of viruses. w ... | 2019 | 31684062 |
| analysis of swine conventional dendritic cells, dec205+cd172a+/-cadm1+, from blood and spleen in response to prrsv and pedv. | conventional dendritic cells (cdcs) cannot be infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) but respond to infection via cytokine production, indicating a possible role in initiation/regulation of the immune response against prrsv. in this work, we evaluated the responses of splenic and blood cdcs, with dec205+cadm1+cd172a+/- phenotype, as well as those of cd163+ cells against prrsv and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). both populations were incubated in the prese ... | 2019 | 31683569 |
| ifn-lambda 3 mediates antiviral protection against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus by inducing a distinct antiviral transcript profile in porcine intestinal epithelia. | type iii interferon-lambda (ifn-λ) plays a critical role against infection, particularly in mucosal infection in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. our study and other previous studies have shown that porcine ifn-λ more efficiently curtails the infection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in the intestine epithelia than type i ifn, whereas ifn-λ3 exerts a more potent effect than ifn-λ1. however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive, and in particular, the transcriptional prof ... | 2019 | 31681286 |
| comprehensive analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in orf3 gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in china. | the orf3 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is found to function as an ion channel which influences virus virulence and production. taking consideration of the importance of pedv orf3 gene, we have performed comprehensive analysis to investigate its synonymous codon usage patterns. in this study, the results of base composition analysis showed a/t rich and g/c poor in pedv orf3 genes, and the most abundant base was nucleotide t. the relative synonymous codon usage value in each co ... | 2019 | 31677415 |
| characterization and pathogenicity of vero cell-attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ct strain. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enormous economic losses to the global pig industry. currently available pedv vaccine strains have limited protective effects against pedv variant strains. | 2019 | 31660993 |
| one-step triplex reverse-transcription pcr detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine sapelovirus, and porcine sapovirus. | swine diarrhea can be caused by multiple agents, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine sapelovirus (psv), and porcine sapovirus (sav). we designed a one-step triplex reverse-transcription pcr (rt-pcr) detection method including 3 pairs of primers that focused on the s1 gene of pedv, a conserved gene of psv, and the vp1 gene of sav. the optimal concentrations of upstream and downstream primers in the triplex rt-pcr were 0.24 μm for pedv, 0.15 μm for psv, and 0.2 μm for sav, an ... | 2019 | 31650901 |
| isolation and identification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and its effect on host natural immune response. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly infectious intestinal disease caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). a pedv strain was isolated from the piglet intestinal tract in vero cells in jiangsu province, designated as the js-a strain. pedv was identified as the isolated virus by cytopathology, immunofluorescence assay, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and sequence analysis. the full-length genome of the js-a isolate and the s gene were systematically analyzed, i ... | 2019 | 31636617 |
| the 3.1-angstrom cryo-electron microscopy structure of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein in the prefusion conformation. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an alphacoronavirus that has a significant agricultural and economic impact due to the high mortality rate associated with infection of neonatal piglets. like other coronaviruses, pedv makes use of a large, trimeric spike (s) glycoprotein to mediate membrane fusion and gain entry into host cells. despite the importance of the spike protein in viral entry and host immune responses, high-resolution structural information concerning this large macromolecula ... | 2019 | 31534041 |
| a novel biotinylated nanobody-based blocking elisa for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which is characterized by severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and a high mortality rate in piglets, leads to enormous economic losses to the pork industry and remains a large challenge worldwide. thus, a rapid and reliable method is required for epidemiological investigations and to evaluate the effect of immunization. however, the current diagnostic methods for pedv are time-consuming and very expensive and rarely meet the requirements for clini ... | 2019 | 31526383 |
| gtpase-activating protein-binding protein 1 (g3bp1) plays an antiviral role against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) is a single-stranded, positive-sense rna virus that belongs to the coronaviridae. pedv causes severe diarrhoea and dehydration in nursing piglets, which leads to significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. stress granules (sgs) are sites of mrna storage that are formed under various stress conditions including viral infections. increasing evidence suggests that sgs function in antiviral innate immunity of host cells to limit virus replicat ... | 2019 | 31500725 |
| specific recombinant proteins of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus are immunogenic, revealing their potential use as diagnostic markers. | given the highly contagious and acute nature of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), especially in piglets, there is an urgent need for the development of rapid and sensitive diagnostic assays. the diagnostic potentials of specific porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) accessory and nonstructural proteins, if any, have not yet been investigated. in order to determine and compare which of the viral proteins may be useful as diagnostic antigens, whole virus (wv) particles and a panel of structural an ... | 2019 | 31500721 |
| dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 supplementation alleviates porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by improving intestinal structure and immune response in weaned pigs. | we conducted this experiment to determine if feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 (25(oh)d3) to weaned pigs would alleviate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection and immune response. forty-two weaned pigs were allotted to 1 of 6 dietary 25(oh)d3 treatments (5.5, 5.5, 43.0, 80.5, 118.0, 155.5 μg 25(oh)d3/kg diet) for 26 days. on day 22 of the trial, all the treatments were orally administrated with pedv except for one of the 5.5 μg 25(oh)d3/kg treatments, which was challenged with the same vol ... | 2019 | 31470619 |
| proteases facilitate the endosomal escape of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during entry into host cells. | exogenous and endogenous proteases play important roles in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) entry and replication. the roles of proteases in the viral endosomal escape and replication using trypsin (kd) or elastase (aa)-adapted us pedv strains were studied. while pedv kd and aa require different exogenous protease for efficient replication in cells, pedv kd was more dependent on the protease than pedv aa. there was no marked difference in viral trafficking between them during the entry eve ... | 2019 | 31445102 |
| application of rnascope technology to studying the infection dynamics of a chinese porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant strain bj2011c in neonatal piglets. | the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants cause the death of mainly neonatal piglets, but how the viruses spread within the gastro-intestinal tract in a temporal and spatial manner has remained poorly characterized but is critical to understand the viral pathogenesis. in this study, we used the chinese pedv epidemic strain bj2011c as a model organism and took advantage of the newly developed rnascope in situ hybridization technology to investigate the tempo-spatial infe ... | 2019 | 31383305 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus orf3 protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress to facilitate autophagy. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the causative agent of ped, is an enveloped, positive-stranded rna virus in the genus alphacoronavirus, family coronaviridae, order nidovirales. pedv non-structural accessory protein orf3 is an ion channel related to viral infectivity and pathogenicity. our previous study showed that pedv orf3 has expression characteristic of aggregation in cytoplasm, but its biological function remains elusive. thus in this study, we initiated the construction of various ... | 2019 | 31383304 |
| global mapping of h3k4 trimethylation (h3k4me3) and transcriptome analysis reveal genes involved in the response to epidemic diarrhea virus infections in pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is currently detected as the main pathogen causing severe diarrhea in pig farms. the phenotypic alterations induced by pathogenic infections are usually tightly linked with marked changes in epigenetic modification and gene expression. we performed global mapping of h3k4 trimethylation (h3k4me3) and transcriptomic analyses in the jejunum of pedv-infected and healthy piglets using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and rna-seq techniques. a total of 18 ... | 2019 | 31382472 |
| antiviral activity of piscidin 1 against pseudorabies virus both in vitro and in vivo. | swine-origin virus infection spreading widely could cause significant economic loss to porcine industry. novel antiviral agents need to be developed to control this situation. | 2019 | 31366370 |
| generation and protective efficacy of a cold-adapted attenuated genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the recent emergence and re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) underscore the urgent need for the development of novel, safe, and effective vaccines against the prevailing strain. in this study, we generated a cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine candidate (aram-p29-ca) by short-term passage of a virulent pedv isolate at successively lower temperatures in vero cells. whole genome sequencing identified 12 amino acid changes in the cold-adapted strain with no insertions and deleti ... | 2019 | 31364317 |
| complete genome sequences of novel s-deletion variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus identified from a recurrent outbreak on jeju island, south korea. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a deadly epizootic swine coronavirus that is of importance to the world pork industry. since the re-emergence of the virulent genotype 2b (g2b) in 2014, jeju island in south korea has faced periodic outbreaks, leading to the occurrence of endemics in provincial herds. in this study, we examined the complete genome sequences and molecular characteristics of novel g2b pedv variants with a two-amino-acid deletion in the neutralizing epitope of the spike (s) ... | 2019 | 31350613 |
| next-generation sequencing and single-cell rt-pcr reveal a distinct variable gene usage of porcine antibody repertoire following pedv vaccination. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the most common diarrhea-causing pathogen in newborn piglets. the clarifications of the overall antibody repertoire and antigen-specific antibody repertoire are essential to provide important insights into the b-cell response and reshape new vaccines. here, we applied next-generation sequencing (ngs) technology to investigate immunoglobulin (ig) variable (v) gene segment usage of swine b-cells from peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and mesenteric lymph ... | 2020 | 31321668 |
| changes in cecal microbiota community of suckling piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | diarrhea, caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), is a catastrophic gastrointestinal disease among suckling piglets, with high infectivity, morbidity, and mortality, causing huge economic losses to the pig industry. in the present study, we investigated the different microbiota from the cecal mucosa and cecal contents between healthy and pedv-infected piglets. high-throughput 16s rrna gene sequencing was performed to explore differences. the results revealed that microbial dysbiosis by ... | 2019 | 31310635 |
| emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses with the novel s genes in tibetan pigs in the qinghai-tibetan plateau in china. | the purpose of present study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic variation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in tibetan pigs on the qinghai-tibetan plateau in 2018. the pcr yielded a significantly high detection rate (38.34%, 95%ci=31.5-45.6%) for pedv from 193 fecal samples from tibetan pigs. the novel pedvs were discovered in tibetan pigs and seven complete s genes were obtained and analyzed. the unique multiple mutations were detected in s genes of pedv from tibetan pigs, on ... | 2019 | 31301333 |
| risk attitudes affect livestock biosecurity decisions with ramifications for disease control in a simulated production system. | hog producers' operational decisions can be informed by an awareness of risks associated with emergent and endemic diseases. outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have been re-occurring every year since the first onset in 2013 with substantial losses across the hog production supply chain. interestingly, a decreasing trend in pedv incidence is visible. we assert that changes in human behaviors may underlie this trend. disease prevention using biosecurity practices is used to minimi ... | 2019 | 31294037 |
| establishment and application of a multiplex rt-pcr to differentiate wild-type and vaccine strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | due to outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) and the wide use of attenuated live vaccine, both wild-type and vaccine strains (cv777) are believed to circulate in chinese pig farms. thus, identification of different pedv strains is of epidemiological importance. in this study, a multiplex rt-pcr method was established based on the sequence features of spike (s) gene and orf3 gene of pedvs. the method could identify pedv variant strains, classical wild-type strains and classical vaccine str ... | 2019 | 31288038 |
| upregulation of cd4+cd8+ memory cells in the piglet intestine following oral administration of bacillus subtilis spores combined with pedv whole inactivated virus. | oral immunization is a commonly employed route for inducing local immunity. however, the application of oral immunization is limited by the short-term persistence of immunity, particularly for inactivated viruses. the ultimate goal for mucosal vaccination is to stimulate protective immunological memory. in the intestine, long-term persistence of immunity is related to cd4+cd8+ memory t-cells. in this study, piglets were orally immunized with bacillus subtilis spores (b.s) plus whole inactivated ... | 2019 | 31282365 |
| effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on tight junction protein gene expression and morphology of the intestinal mucosa in pigs. | tight junction proteins are important for the maintenance and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier. the present study investigated relationships among tight junction protein gene expression, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, and intestinal mucosal morphology in piglets. we compared the expression of six tight junction proteins (zo-1, zo-2, occludin, claudin-1, claudin-4, and claudin-5) between seven-day-old piglets infected with pedv and normal piglets, as well as in pedv-inf ... | 2019 | 31269354 |
| characterization of porcine tripartite motif genes as host restriction factors against prrsv and pedv infection. | members of the tripartite motif (trim) family are the important effectors of the innate immune response against viral infections. however, it is still unknown whether porcine trim (ptrim) genes may restrict the infection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). in this study, we firstly defined the entire ptrim family. fifty-seven ptrims were classified into 12 sub-families (c-i to c-xii) based on variable c-terminus, and 17 out o ... | 2019 | 31260706 |
| isolation and recombinant analysis of variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains from beijing, china. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly infectious virus infecting pigs with high morbidity, especially for newborn piglets. several pedv strains were isolated from the intestinal tracts of diarrheic piglets from the beijing area, china. sequencing of the whole-genome of the pedv isolates (genbank numbers mg546687-mg546690) yielded sequences of 28033-28038 nt. the phylogenetic tree revealed that these strains from the beijing area belonged to group ii, while the vaccine strain, cv777, ... | 2019 | 31179369 |
| factors associated with time to elimination of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in individual ontario swine herds based on surveillance data. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged into canada in january of 2014. the virus was considered to be of high importance and the number of new cases were tracked using different mechanisms by stakeholders such as veterinary services from the provincial government and the swine industry. in addition to the initial date of infection, veterinary organizations in the swine industry maintained a disease control program (dcp) database that contained the date of declaration of freedom from pedv ... | 2019 | 31139635 |
| aminopeptidase n knockout pigs are not resistant to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | | 2019 | 31134585 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the spike protein of genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a platform for vaccine development against emerging epidemic isolates. | emerging porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs) have caused large economic losses since 2010, and g2b is the prevalent globally epidemic genotype. given the fastidious isolation of emerging pedv in cell culture and difficulties in retaining the isolate infectivity upon further in vitro passage, highly attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rvsvmt) was used as a vector to express the pedv spike (s) protein, aiming to develop a subunit vaccine against g2b viruses. an s protein with ... | 2019 | 31128495 |
| engineering a live attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccine candidate via inactivation of the viral 2'-o-methyltransferase and the endocytosis signal of the spike protein. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes high mortality in neonatal piglets; however, effective and safe vaccines are still not available. we hypothesized that inactivation of the 2'-o-methyltransferase (2'-o-mtase) activity of nsp16 and the endocytosis signal of the spike protein attenuates pedv yet retains its immunogenicity in pigs. we generated a recombinant pedv, kdke4a, with quadruple alanine substitutions in the catalytic tetrad of the 2'-o-mtase using a virulent infectious cdna clon ... | 2019 | 31118255 |
| analysis of the spike, orf3, and nucleocapsid genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus circulating on thai swine farms, 2011-2016. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) outbreaks on pig farms have caused significant economic loss in the swine industry since it was first reported in thailand a decade ago. anecdotal evidence suggests that pedv is now endemic in this region, therefore genome information of circulating pedv is important for molecular surveillance and evaluation of potential benefits of field vaccination. here, we characterized pedv infection on commercial thai swine farms by screening 769 samples of feces and ... | 2019 | 31106060 |
| molecular characterization of a korean porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain nb1. | in korea, for the past 30 years (1987-present), porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has been established as an endemic situation in which multiple genogroups of classical g1 and g2b, and the recently introduced pandemic g2a, coexisted. because of the dynamic nature of the virus, continuous field monitoring for pedv strains is required. this study is the first to reveal prevalence of pedv in 9 sampling provinces, with an overall detection rate of 6.70%. porcine endemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was prese ... | 2019 | 31097871 |
| stage of gestation at porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection of pregnant swine impacts maternal immunity and lactogenic immune protection of neonatal suckling piglets. | during pregnancy, the maternal immune response changes dramatically over the course of gestation. this has implications for generation of lactogenic immunity and subsequent protection in suckling neonates against enteric viral infections. for example, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an alphacoronavirus that causes acute diarrhea in neonatal piglets. due to the high virulence of pedv and the naïve, immature immune system of neonatal suckling piglets, passive lactogenic immunity to pedv ... | 2019 | 31068924 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections induce apoptosis in vero cells via a reactive oxygen species (ros)/p53, but not p38 mapk and sapk/jnk signalling pathways. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a member of coronavirus, which causes severe watery diarrhea in piglets with high morbidity and mortality. ros and p53 play key roles in regulating many kinds of cell process during viral infection, however, the exact function in pedv-induced apoptosis remains unclear. in this study, the pro-apoptotic effect of pedv was examined in vero cells and we observed that pedv infection increased mdm2 and cbp, promoted p53 phosphorylation at serine 20 and, promot ... | 2019 | 31030832 |
| transcriptomic analysis of small intestinal mucosa from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infected piglets. | caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is an acute infectious disease which causes damage to the intestine including intestinal villus atrophy and shedding, leading to serious economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. in order to obtain detailed information about the pathogenesis and host immune response in a pedv-infected host for first in vivo study we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze the gene expression differences of the small intesti ... | 2019 | 31026494 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) orf3 interactome reveals inhibition of virus replication by cellular vps36 protein. | the accessory protein orf3 of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been proposed to play a key role in virus replication. however, our understanding of its function regarding virus and host interaction is still limited. in this study, we employed immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry to screen for cellular interacting partners of orf3. gene ontology analysis of the host interactome highlighted the involvement of orf3 in endosomal and immune signaling pathways. among the identified orf3 ... | 2019 | 31022991 |
| a taqman probe-based real-time pcr to differentiate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus virulent strains from attenuated vaccine strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important pathogen causing severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and death in sucking piglets. attenuated vaccines have been used widely in sows in order to protect piglets through passive lactogenic immunity. rapid and sensitive detection methods for differentiating attenuated vaccine strains from virulent ones are essential and practical in pedv prevention and control. based on the deletion mutation in orf3 gene sequence, a taqman probe-bas ... | 2019 | 31004698 |
| development of a model of porcine epidemic diarrhea in microminipigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) induces an often fatal gastrointestinal disease in piglets. in this study, we performed a pedv infection experiment with the microminipig, the smallest of experimental minipigs, as a novel small animal model. we orally inoculated a neonatal microminipig with an intestinal homogenate of a pedv-infected pig and housed it in a small cage originally designed for rats in an animal biosafety level 2 facility. the infected microminipig showed the typical signs of ... | 2019 | 30991905 |
| visual detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus using a novel reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction method. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a major etiological agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea around the world. point-of-care testing in the field is lacking owing to the requirement for a simple, robust field applicable test that does not require professional laboratory equipment. the aim of this study was to establish a novel reverse transcription polymerase spiral reaction (rt-psr) assay for the rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). for the assay, a specific rt-psr pri ... | 2019 | 30987635 |
| serum exosomes from newborn piglets restrict porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | exosomes are vehicles in the body fluid that participate in many biological processes, especially immune responses. in this study, we employed comparative proteome analysis to investigate the roles of serum exosomes during viral infection in neonates using porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a devastating enteric virus in newborn piglets, as a model virus. serum exosomes were first isolated from newborn piglets infected with pedv or mock-infected newborn piglets, followed by label-free lc-ms ... | 2019 | 30983354 |
| identification of a novel linear b-cell epitope within the collagenase equivalent domain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike glycoprotein. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) collagenase equivalent domain (coe, residues 499-638), a crucial antigenic region within the viral spike (s) glycoprotein, has been widely utilized for the development of subunit vaccines to prevent viral infection. in the current study, we immunized balb/c mice with recombinant truncated pedv coe protein and obtained 14 coe-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). based on the reactivity analysis of the mabs with two prevalent pedv strains in g2 type and ... | 2019 | 30965063 |
| assessment of the safety and efficacy of an attenuated live vaccine based on highly virulent genotype 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in nursing piglets. | we have previously reported the generation of the attenuated knu-141112-s del5/orf3 virus by continuous propagation of highly virulent g2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in vero cells. the present study aimed to assess the safety of s del5/orf3 and to evaluate its effectiveness as a live vaccine for prime-booster vaccinations. reversion to virulence experiments revealed that the s del5/orf3 strain retains its attenuated phenotype and genetic stability after five successive passages in su ... | 2019 | 30955799 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of four rna viruses in swine. | a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain rection (mrt-pcr) was developed for simultaneous detection of four rna viruses in swine. the conserved target sequences directed to classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) were selected based on alignments of genomic sequences and then specific primers were designed. the mrt-pcr assay was developed ... | 2019 | 30951787 |
| complete genome sequence of variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain zj/zx2018-c10, isolated in zhejiang, china, in 2018. | we report here the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain zj/zx2018-c10, isolated from infected piglets in zhejiang province, china. the genome sequence was highly similar to ah2012, a highly virulent chinese pedv strain. it will help in understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of pedv in china. | 2019 | 30938695 |
| isolation and identification of a variant subtype g 2b porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and s gene sequence characteristic. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) which is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), is an intestinal communicable disease. in recent years, though pigs have been immunized with the vaccines in pig farms, ped still broke out and caused severe economic losses to the swine industry in the northeast china. in this study, the sample was positive for pedv variant strains via the nano-nest pcr. the strain was successfully isolated from positive samples and was serially passaged in vero-e6 cells. ... | 2019 | 30905773 |
| a single v672f substitution in the spike protein of field-isolated pedv promotes cell⁻cell fusion and replication in veroe6 cells. | while porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infects and replicates in enterocytes lining villi of neonatal piglets with high efficiency, naturally isolated variants typically grow poorly in established cell lines, unless adapted by multiple passages. cells infected with most cell-adapted pedvs usually displayed large syncytia, a process triggered by the spike protein (s). to identify amino acids responsible for s-mediated syncytium formation, we constructed and characterized chimeric s proteins ... | 2019 | 30897856 |
| prenylated phenolic compounds from the leaves of sabia limoniacea and their antiviral activities against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a serious swine epidemic, has been rampant in asia since the 1990s. despite the widespread use of pedv vaccines, the occurrence of pedv variants requires the discovery of new substances that inhibit these viruses. during a search for pedv inhibitory materials from natural sources, seven new sabphenosides (1-7) and a new flavonoid (8), as well as eight known phenolic compounds (9-16), were obtained from the leaves of sabia limoniacea. the structural determi ... | 2019 | 30888811 |
| identification and characterization of a novel linear epitope in the spike protein of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the main immunogenic protein of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the spike protein (s protein), which plays an important role in receptor binding, membrane fusion, and viral invasion of the host. in this paper, the linear epitope of the 3f10 non-neutralizing monoclonal antibody that was previously prepared in our laboratory was identified. the expression of truncated forms of the s protein for 3f10 reaction studies proved that the epitope was located between amino acids (aa) 674 and ... | 2019 | 30879317 |
| generation, identification, and functional analysis of monoclonal antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid. | the variant strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) severely threaten the pig industry worldwide and cause up to 100% mortality in suckling piglets. it is critically important and urgent to develop tools for detection of pedv infection. in this study, we developed six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) targeting n protein of pedv and analyzed their applications on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), western blot assay, and flow cytometry assay. ... | 2019 | 30877355 |
| biological characterization and pathogenicity of a newly isolated chinese highly virulent genotype giia porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain. | since 2010, continual outbreaks of highly virulent variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) belonging to genotype gii have led to serious economic losses for the chinese swine industry. to better understand the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of the current prevalent chinese pedv field strains, in this study, a highly virulent chinese genotype giia pedv strain, ch/hbxt/2018, was isolated and serially propagated using vero cells. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed ... | 2019 | 30859476 |
| dynamic change of gut microbiota during porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a disease that has a devastating effect on livestock. currently, most studies are focused on comparing gut microbiota of healthy piglets and piglets with ped, resulting in gut microbial populations related to dynamic change in diarrheal piglets being poorly understood. the current study analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv)-infected piglets during the suckling transition stage. fresh fecal samples were collecte ... | 2019 | 30858839 |
| construction of a recombinant lactococcus lactis strain expressing a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus s1 gene and its immunogenicity analysis in mice. | porcine epidemic diarrhea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets. the spike (s) protein is the surface glycoprotein of pedv, which can induce specific neutralization antibodies and is a candidate antigen for vaccination attempts. in our study, the s1 region of pedv strain ch/jldh/2016 spike gene was inserted into the lactococcus lactis expression vector, pnz8149, resulting in recombinant plasmid pnz8149-s1, and the immunogenicity of rec ... | 2019 | 30855219 |
| pedv nsp16 negatively regulates innate immunity to promote viral proliferation. | type-i ifns (ifn-i) provide a key mediator of innate antiviral response during virus proliferation. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes diarrhea in swine of all ages, is a worldwide-distributed alphacoronavirus with economic importance. here, we screened pedv rna modification enzymes involved in regulating antiviral response. whereas the pedv nsp13 barely regulates type i ifn, inflammatory cytokines (il-6, tnf-a) and mhcii, nsp16 and nsp14 (to a lesser extent) down-regulate thes ... | 2019 | 30849413 |
| growth enhancement of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in vero e6 cells expressing pedv nucleocapsid protein. | more recently emerging strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) cause severe diarrhea and especially high mortality rates in infected piglets, leading to substantial economic loss to worldwide swine industry. these outbreaks urgently call for updated and effective pedv vaccines. better understanding in pedv biology and improvement in technological platforms for virus production can immensely assist and accelerate pedv vaccine development. in this study, we explored the ability of pedv n ... | 2019 | 30840701 |
| phylogeographic investigation of 2014 porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) transmission in taiwan. | the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) that emerged and spread throughout taiwan in 2014 triggered significant concern in the country's swine industry. acknowledging the absence of a thorough investigation at the geographic level, we used 2014 outbreak sequence information from the taiwan government's open access databases plus genbank records to analyze pedv dissemination among taiwanese pig farms. genetic sequences, locations, and dates of identified pedv-positive cases were used to assess ... | 2019 | 30840679 |
| dereplication by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (qtof-ms) and antiviral activities of phlorotannins from ecklonia cava. | ecklonia cava is edible seaweed that is found in asian countries, such as japan and korea; and, its major components include fucoidan and phlorotannins. phlorotannins that are isolated from e. cava are well-known to have an antioxidant effect and strong antiviral activity against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which has a high mortality rate in piglets. in this study, the bioactive components were determined based on two different approaches: (i) bio-guided isolation using the antiviral ... | 2019 | 30836593 |
| evaluation and comparison of immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy of two inactivated cell culture-derived giia- and giib-genotype porcine epidemic diarrhea virus vaccines in suckling piglets. | although highly virulent gii-genotype pedv strains have become pandemic in the swine population worldwide, little is known about the differences in immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy between the giia and giib subgenotypes. hence, in the present study, we vaccinated suckling piglets with giia (ch/hbxt/2018) and giib (ch/hnpj/2017) pedv strain-based inactivated vaccine candidates and compared their immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy. the results showed that both vaccine candida ... | 2019 | 30827401 |
| mucosal immune responses induced by oral administration recombinant bacillus subtilis expressing the coe antigen of pedv in newborn piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious disease in newborn piglets and causes substantial economic losses in the world. ped virus (pedv) spreads by fecal-oral contact and can be prevented by oral immunization. therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective oral vaccine against pedv infection. currently, bacillus subtilis as recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved well in immune effect and safety. the present study evaluated the immunogenicity ... | 2019 | 30808716 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp4 induces pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression inhibiting viral replication in vitro. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe economic loss in the pig industry each year. to better understand the relationship between cytokines and pedv replication, in this study, pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression profiles in vero cells infected with pedv were analyzed. real-time quantitative pcr assay indicated that il-1α, il-1β, tnf-α, ccl2, ccl5 and cxcl8 expression levels were significantly upregulated. moreover, overexpression and sirna silencing assays showed th ... | 2019 | 30799511 |
| evaluation of the effectiveness of the surepure turbulator ultraviolet-c irradiation equipment on inactivation of different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses inoculated in commercially collected liquid animal plasma. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surepure turbulator ultraviolet-c (uv-c, 254 nm wavelength) irradiation equipment on inactivation of different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in commercially collected liquid animal plasma. specifically, pseudorabies virus (prv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine influenza virus ( ... | 2019 | 30789926 |
| tumor suppressor p53 inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection via interferon-mediated antiviral immunity. | p53 is a tumor suppressor gene that can be activated in many contexts, such as dna damage or stressful conditions. p53 has also been shown to be important for responses to certain viral infections. porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a major enteric pathogen of the coronavirus family that causes extensive mortality among piglets. the involvement of p53 during pedv infection has not previously been investigated. in this study, we detected p53 upregulation in response to pedv infection. trea ... | 2019 | 30784764 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in asia: an alarming threat to the global pig industry. | | 2019 | 30779958 |
| forecasting herd-level porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) frequency trends in ontario (canada). | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) emerged in north america in 2013. the first case of pedv in canada was identified on an ontario farm in january 2014. surveillance was instrumental in identifying the initial case and in minimizing the spread of the virus to other farms. with recent advances in predictive analytics showing promise for health and disease forecasting, the primary objective of this study was to apply machine learning predictive methods (random forest, artificial neural network ... | 2019 | 30771890 |
| development of a sybr green i-based duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine circovirus 3. | the development of a rapid, specific, and sensitive sybr green i-based duplex real-time quantitative pcr assay is described for the simultaneous detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine circovirus type 3 (pcv3). the assay specifically detected pedv and pcv3, with no fluorescence detected for other non-targeted pig pathogens. the assay showed a good linear relationship, and the limits of detection for this assay were 34.6 copies/μl and 61.2 copies/μl for pedv and pcv3, resp ... | 2019 | 30735700 |
| quantitative proteomics reveals changes in vero cells in response to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have caused significant lethality rates in neonatal piglets, which pose a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. available commercial vaccines fail to protect against the emergence of high virulence of pedv variants. therefore, the endemic state of the pedv infection in suckling piglets highlights the urgent need for uncovering the molecular determinants of the disease pathogenesis. in this study, stable isotope labeling by amino acids ... | 2019 | 30730140 |
| real-time analysis of quantum dot labeled single porcine epidemic diarrhea virus moving along the microtubules using single particle tracking. | in order to study the infection mechanism of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), which causes porcine epidemic diarrhea, a highly contagious enteric disease, we combined quantum dot labeled method, which could hold intact infectivity of the labeled viruses to the largest extent, with the single particle tracking technique to dynamically and globally visualize the transport behaviors of pedvs in live vero cells. our results were the first time to uncover the dynamic characteristics of pedvs m ... | 2019 | 30718724 |
| development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant s1 for serological testing of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe infectious diseases in all ages of swine and leads to serious economic losses. serologic tests are widely accepted and used to detect anti-pedv antibodies that could indicate pedv infection or vaccination. in this study, pedv recombinant s1 protein (rs1) was expressed with the bac-to-bac system and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on rs1 (rs1-elisa) was then developed and optimized ... | 2019 | 30707600 |
| epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus among chinese pig populations: a meta-analysis. | porcine epidemic diarrhea results from infection with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). it is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease in swine characterized by watery diarrhea and vomiting. here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to assess the prevalence of pedv infection in pig populations from mainland china. | 2019 | 30682525 |
| identifying outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus through animal movements and spatial neighborhoods. | the spread of pathogens in swine populations is in part determined by movements of animals between farms. however, understanding additional characteristics that predict disease outbreaks and uncovering landscape factors related to between-farm spread are crucial steps toward risk mitigation. this study integrates animal movements with environmental risk factors to identify the occurrence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) outbreaks. using weekly farm-level incidence data from 332 sow farm ... | 2019 | 30679594 |
| genetic evolution analysis and pathogenicity assessment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in part of china during 2011-2017. | in recent years, the outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) caused by the highly virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) variants occurred frequently in china, resulting in severe economic impacts to the pork industry. in this study, we selected and analyzed the genetic evolution of 15 pedv representative strains that were identified in fecal samples of diarrheic piglets in 10 provinces and cities during 2011-2017. the phylogenetic analysis indicated that all the 15 pedv isolates c ... | 2019 | 30677534 |
| no evidence of pedv infection in french artificial insemination centers in 2015. | pigs infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are affected by severe diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. the severity of clinical signs depends on the virus strain. two genetically different pedv strains are known to infect pigs, the pedv s-indel strains which circulate on all continents and the highly virulent pedv s-non-indel strains found in asia and in america. we have previously demonstrated the presence of pedv rna in semen from boars experimentally infected with an s-non-indel p ... | 2019 | 30675372 |
| a new immunochromatographic assay for on-site detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus based on monoclonal antibodies prepared by using cell surface fluorescence immunosorbent assay. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly effective pathogen that can cause death of new-born piglet, resulting in big economical loss in pig farming industry. for rapid detection of pedv, a new immunochromatographic assay (ica) based on monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was developed in this study. | 2019 | 30658643 |
| single chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies targeting the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus provide protection against viral infection in piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly contagious coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and death in neonatal piglets. passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies against pedv is an effective prevention measure. in this study, single chain fragment variable (scfv) antibodies against pedv were screened from the porcine scfv phage display library. after four rounds of biopanning, scfvs that showed higher affinity to the pedv antigen were selected for further study. the scfv gen ... | 2019 | 30646521 |
| lactobacillus acidophilus s-layer protein-mediated inhibition of pedv-induced apoptosis of vero cells. | to gain insight into the mechanism of lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus) s-layer protein antiviral activity, we examined how s-layer protein impacts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection and pedv-induced apoptosis of vero cells. pretreatment (exclusion assay), coincubation (competition assay), and post-treatment (displacement assay) of pedv-infected vero cells with the s-layer protein was examined. interestingly, significant inhibition of pedv by s-layer protein was only obser ... | 2019 | 30642593 |
| evaluation on the efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant dna plasmids expressing s gene from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and vp7 gene from porcine rotavirus. | porcine rotavirus (porv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) usually co-infect pigs in modern large-scale piggery, which both can cause severe diarrhea in newborn piglets and lead to significant economic losses to the pig industry. the vp7 protein is the main coat protein of porv, and the s protein is the main structural protein of pedv, which are capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. in this study, a dna vaccine ppi-2.egfp.vp7.s co-expressing vp7 protein of porv and s prot ... | 2019 | 30637649 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of griffithsin against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | griffithsin is a lectin with potent antiviral activity against enveloped viruses. the objective of this study was to assess griffithsin's inhibitory effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the results showed that griffithsin reduced pedv infection of vero cells by approximately 82.8%. moreover, using time-of-addition assays and rt-qpcr, we found that delayed addition of griffithsin had a weaker inhibitory effect on pedv than earlier treatment. the mechanism of griffithsin's action agai ... | 2019 | 30637608 |
| pathogenicity and immunogenicity of attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pc22a strain in conventional weaned pigs. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes diarrhea in all ages of pigs with 50-100% mortality rates in neonatal piglets. in the united states, inactivated and subunit pedv vaccines for pregnant sows are available, but fail to induce sufficient protection in neonatal piglets farrowed from pedv naïve sows. a safe and efficacious live attenuated vaccine that can prime mucosal immune responses is urgently needed. in this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of two attenuated pedv vaccine ... | 2019 | 30634958 |
| network analyses using case-control data to describe and characterize the initial 2014 incursion of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) in canadian swine herds. | the overall objective of this study was to describe the contact structure and animal movement patterns of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) case herds and matched control herds during the initial incursion of pedv in canada, and to evaluate possible mechanisms of spread during this period. possible mechanisms of spread included transmission through a common-source, herd-to-herd transmission, and transmission due to low biosecurity. three hypotheses were evaluated by assessing: 1) whether feed supp ... | 2019 | 30621895 |