| [gorham syndrome. presentation of a case]. | a case report on a female patient who developed a squamofrontal tumour on the right side without any neurological deficit. after extirpation the histological diagnosis was "disappearing bone" disease. this disease pattern is rarely described in literature and has several synonyms. the histological appearance is described. | 2013 | 3785496 |
| organization of the ampullary organs of the african knife fish xenomystus nigri (teleostei: notopteridae). | ampullary organs are found on the head and body of the african knife fish xenomystus nigri. each organ consists of a duct connecting the basally located sensory cells with the surrounding water. the sensory epithelium is found in a chamber situated in the basal part of the epidermis, which most often is somewhat depressed into the dermis. each organ contains four to eight sensory cells separated from each other by supporting cells. both sensory and supporting cells are surrounded by mantle cells ... | 2013 | 3612183 |
| virus-like flexuous rods associated with pear vein yellows. | | 2014 | 4107034 |
| comparative analysis of tissue esterases of the zebra danio (brachydanio rerio) and the pear danio (b. albolineatus) by disc gel electrophoresis. | | 1978 | 1277802 |
| and a partridge in a pear tree. | | 1986 | 260204 |
| degradation of endosulfan and ethion on pears and pear and grape foliage. | | 1967 | 1270675 |
| intrauterine diagnosis of short-limbed dwarfism. | ten short-limbed fetuses caused by skeletal dysplasia were diagnosed prenatally from september 1984 through july 1988. the final diagnosis was thanatophoric dwarfism in 7 cases and osteogenesis imperfecta congenita in 3 cases. the diagnosis was based on sonographic findings in all cases and postnatal radiography was performed in 3 cases for further confirmation. sonographic examinations revealed markedly shortened limbs and other associated abnormalities, including abnormal skull appearance, pea ... | 2009 | 2699492 |
| a novel sterol desaturase-like protein promoting dealkylation of phytosterols in tetrahymena thermophila. | the gene ttherm_00438800 (des24) from the ciliate tetrahymena thermophila encodes a protein with three conserved histidine clusters, typical of the fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily. despite its high similarity to sterol desaturase-like enzymes, the phylogenetic analysis groups des24p in a separate cluster more related to bacterial than to eukaryotic proteins, suggesting a possible horizontal gene transfer event. a somatic knockout of des24 revealed that the gene encodes a protein, des24p, whic ... | 2011 | 21257793 |
| complete genome sequence of planctomyces brasiliensis type strain (dsm 5305(t)), phylogenomic analysis and reclassification of planctomycetes including the descriptions of gimesia gen. nov., planctopirus gen. nov. and rubinisphaera gen. nov. and emended descriptions of the order planctomycetales and the family planctomycetaceae. | planctomyces brasiliensis schlesner 1990 belongs to the order planctomycetales, which differs from other bacterial taxa by several distinctive features such as internal cell compartmentalization, multiplication by forming buds directly from the spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped mother cell and a cell wall consisting of a proteinaceous layer rather than a peptidoglycan layer. the first strains of p. brasiliensis, including the type strain ifam 1448(t), were isolated from a water sample of lagoa ver ... | 2014 | 25780503 |
| fuerstia marisgermanicae gen. nov., sp. nov., an unusual member of the phylum planctomycetes from the german wadden sea. | members of the phylum planctomycetes are ubiquitous bacteria that dwell in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. while planctomycetal species are important players in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle, this phylum is still undersampled and only few genome sequences are available. here we describe strain nh11(t), a novel planctomycete obtained from a crustacean shell (wadden sea, germany). the phylogenetically closest related cultivated species is gimesia maris, sharing only 87% 16s rrna sequence ... | 2016 | 28066393 |
| global small rna chaperone hfq and regulatory small rnas are important virulence regulators in erwinia amylovora. | hfq is a global small rna (srna) chaperone that interacts with hfq-regulated srnas and functions in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. in this work, we identified hfq to be a virulence regulator in the gram-negative fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. deletion of hfq in e. amylovora ea1189 significantly reduced bacterial virulence in both immature pear fruits and apple shoots. analysis of virulence determinants in strain ea1189δhfq showed that hfq exerts pleiotropic regul ... | 2013 | 23378513 |
| prospects and limitations of microbial pesticides for control of bacterial and fungal pomefruit tree diseases. | the tree constitutes an ecosystem in which microorganisms play an essential role in its functionality. interactions that microorganisms establish with plants may be beneficial or detrimental and are of extreme importance in the exploitation of trees in agriculture as crop production systems. fruit trees, especially pomefruit trees including apple, pear and several ornamentals are of great economic importance but its production is affected by several diseases. fungal and bacterial fruit tree dise ... | 2011 | 25983396 |
| genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris: a contribution to species characterization. | alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is the main cause of most spoilage problems in fruit juices and acidic products. since soil borne species often contaminate fruit juices and do not need strict extreme requirements for survival, it is a great concern to investigate whether and how soil species could evolve from their ecological niches in microbial community to new environments as fruit juices. in this study, 23 isolates of thermo-acidophilic, spore-forming bacteria from soil were characterized by ... | 2015 | 26484547 |
| an update on control of brown spot of pear. | brown spot of pear is a fungal disease producing high economical losses in several pear-growing areas in europe. fungicide applications during the growing period either at fixed schedule or delivered according to the bspcast forecasting system are not enough to control the disease under favorable conditions. new strategies have been introduced to control the inoculum production using sanitation methods. these methods are based on combinations of leaf litter removal during winter and biological c ... | 2011 | 25983397 |
| pa506, a conjugative plasmid of the plant epiphyte pseudomonas fluorescens a506. | conjugative plasmids are known to facilitate the acquisition and dispersal of genes contributing to the fitness of pseudomonas spp. here, we report the characterization of pa506, the 57-kb conjugative plasmid of pseudomonas fluorescens a506, a plant epiphyte used in the united states for the biological control of fire blight disease of pear and apple. twenty-nine of the 67 open reading frames (orfs) of pa506 have putative functions in conjugation, including a type iv secretion system related to ... | 2013 | 23811504 |
| identification of a pantoea biosynthetic cluster that directs the synthesis of an antimicrobial natural product. | fire blight is a destructive disease of apple and pear caused by the enteric bacterial pathogen, erwinia amylovora. e. amylovora initiates infection by colonizing the stigmata of apple and pear trees, and entering the plants through natural openings. epiphytic populations of the related enteric bacterium, pantoea, reduce the incidence of disease through competition and antibiotic production. in this study, we identify an antibiotic from pantoea ananatis brt175, which is effective against e. amyl ... | 2014 | 24796857 |
| conventional and real-time pcrs for detection of erwinia piriflorinigrans allow its distinction from the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora. | erwinia piriflorinigrans is a new pathogenic species of the bacterial genus erwinia that has been described recently in spain. accurate detection and identification of e. piriflorinigrans are challenging because its symptoms on pear blossoms are similar to those caused by erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight. moreover, these two species share phenotypic and molecular characteristics. two specific and sensitive conventional and real-time pcr protocols were developed to identify and ... | 2014 | 24509928 |
| draft genome sequence of erwinia billingiae osu19-1, isolated from a pear tree canker. | plant-associated erwinia include pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. we report the 5.6-mb genome sequence of erwinia billingiae osu19-1, isolated from a canker on a pear tree inoculated with erwinia amylovora. osu19-1 and a closely related european isolate, e. billingiae eb661(t), share many similarities including 40 kb of plasmid sequence. | 2015 | 26430039 |
| biphenyl 4-hydroxylases involved in aucuparin biosynthesis in rowan and apple are cytochrome p450 736a proteins. | upon pathogen attack, fruit trees such as apple (malus spp.) and pear (pyrus spp.) accumulate biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins, with aucuparin as a major biphenyl compound. 4-hydroxylation of the biphenyl scaffold, formed by biphenyl synthase (bis), is catalyzed by a cytochrome p450 (cyp). the biphenyl 4-hydroxylase (b4h) coding sequence of rowan (sorbus aucuparia) was isolated and functionally expressed in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae). sab4h was named cyp736a107. no catalytic function ... | 2015 | 25862456 |
| hrcu and hrpp are pathogenicity factors in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora required for the type iii secretion of dspa/e. | many gram-negative bacterial pathogens mediate host-microbe interactions via utilization of the type iii secretion (t3s) system. the t3s system is a complex molecular machine consisting of more than 20 proteins. collectively, these proteins translocate effectors across extracellular space and into the host cytoplasm. successful translocation requires timely synthesis and allocation of both structural and secreted t3s proteins. based on amino acid conservation in animal pathogenic bacteria, hrcu ... | 2016 | 27206522 |
| identification and expression analysis of genes related to calyx persistence in korla fragrant pear. | the objective of this study was to increase understanding about genetic mechanisms affecting calyx persistence in korla fragrant pear (pyrus brestschneideri rehd). flowers were collected at early bloom, full bloom, and late bloom. the rna was extracted from the flowers and then combined according to calyx type. transcriptome and digital gene expression (dge) profiles of flowers, ovaries, and sepals with persistent calyx (sc_hua, sc_ep, and sc_zf, respectively) were compared with those of flowers ... | 2016 | 26911295 |
| draft genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pathovar syringae strain ff5, causal agent of stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear. | pseudomonas syringae ff5 causes stem tip dieback disease on ornamental pear (pyrus calleryana). its genome encodes a complete type iii secretion system (t3ss) and hopac1, hopm1, avre1, hopi1, hopaa1, hopj1, hopah2, hopah1, hopag1, and hopaz1. lacking detectable homologues of other t3ss effectors, it may encode novel, undiscovered effectors. | 2012 | 22740663 |
| pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae uses proteasome inhibitor syringolin a to colonize from wound infection sites. | infection of plants by bacterial leaf pathogens at wound sites is common in nature. plants defend wound sites to prevent pathogen invasion, but several pathogens can overcome spatial restriction and enter leaf tissues. the molecular mechanisms used by pathogens to suppress containment at wound infection sites are poorly understood. here, we studied pseudomonas syringae strains causing brown spot on bean and blossom blight on pear. these strains exist as epiphytes that can cause disease upon woun ... | 2013 | 23555272 |
| characterization of acrd, a resistance-nodulation-cell division-type multidrug efflux pump from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | multidrug efflux pumps are membrane translocases that have the ability to extrude a variety of structurally unrelated compounds from the cell. acrd, a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) transporter, was shown to be involved in efflux of highly hydrophilic aminoglycosides and a limited number of amphiphilic compounds in e. coli. here, a homologue of acrd in the plant pathogen and causal agent of fire blight disease erwinia amylovora was identified. | 2014 | 24443882 |
| identification and characterization of micrornas from in vitro-grown pear shoots infected with apple stem grooving virus in response to high temperature using small rna sequencing. | micrornas (mirnas) have functions in diverse biological processes such as growth, signal transduction, disease resistance, and stress responses in plants. thermotherapy is an effective approach for elimination of viruses from fruit trees. however, the role of mirnas in this process remains elusive. previously, we showed that high temperature treatment reduces the titers of apple stem grooving virus (asgv) from the tips of in vitro-grown pyrus pyrifolia plants. in this study, we identified high t ... | 2015 | 26573813 |
| candidate resistant genes of sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) to alternaria alternata revealed by transcriptome sequencing. | pear black spot (pbs) disease, which is caused by alternaria alternata (aa), is one of the most serious diseases affecting sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) cultivation worldwide. to investigate the defense mechanisms of sand pear in response to aa, the transcriptome of a sand pear germplasm with differential resistance to aa was analyzed using illumina paired-end sequencing. four libraries derived from pbs-resistant and pbs-susceptible sand pear leaves were characterized through inoculation or ... | 2015 | 26292286 |
| virulence factors of erwinia amylovora: a review. | erwinia amylovora, a gram negative bacteria of the enterobacteriaceae family, is the causal agent of fire blight, a devastating plant disease affecting a wide range of host species within rosaceae and a major global threat to commercial apple and pear production. among the limited number of control options currently available, prophylactic application of antibiotics during the bloom period appears the most effective. pathogen cells enter plants through the nectarthodes of flowers and other natur ... | 2015 | 26057748 |
| the rna-binding protein csra plays a central role in positively regulating virulence factors in erwinia amylovora. | the gacs/gaca two-component system (also called grrs/grra) is a global regulatory system which is highly conserved among gamma-proteobacteria. this system positively regulates non-coding small regulatory rna csrb, which in turn binds to the rna-binding protein csra. however, how gacs/gaca-csr system regulates virulence traits in e. amylovora remains unknown. results from mutant characterization showed that the csrb mutant was hypermotile, produced higher amount of exopolysaccharide amylovoran, a ... | 2016 | 27845410 |
| cyclic di-gmp modulates the disease progression of erwinia amylovora. | the second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) is a nearly ubiquitous intracellular signal molecule known to regulate various cellular processes, including biofilm formation, motility, and virulence. the intracellular concentration of c-di-gmp is inversely governed by diguanylate cyclase (dgc) enzymes and phosphodiesterase (pde) enzymes, which synthesize and degrade c-di-gmp, respectively. the role of c-di-gmp in the plant pathogen and causal agent of fire blight disease erwinia amylovora has not ... | 2013 | 23475975 |
| mutation of the erwinia amylovora argd gene causes arginine auxotrophy, nonpathogenicity in apples, and reduced virulence in pears. | fire blight is caused by erwinia amylovora and is the most destructive bacterial disease of apples and pears worldwide. in this study, we found that e. amylovora argd(1000)::tn5, an argd tn5 transposon mutant that has the tn5 transposon inserted after nucleotide 999 in the argd gene-coding region, was an arginine auxotroph that did not cause fire blight in apple and had reduced virulence in immature pear fruits. the e. amylovora argd gene encodes a predicted n-acetylornithine aminotransferase en ... | 2014 | 25172854 |
| a new class of regulatory genes underlying the cause of pear-shaped tomato fruit. | a common, recurring theme in domesticated plants is the occurrence of pear-shaped fruit. a major quantitative trait locus (termed ovate) controlling the transition from round to pear-shaped fruit has been cloned from tomato. ovate is expressed early in flower and fruit development and encodes a previously uncharacterized, hydrophilic protein with a putative bipartite nuclear localization signal, von willebrand factor type c domains, and an approximately equal 70-aa c-terminal domain conserved in ... | 2002 | 12242331 |
| pear: a fast and accurate illumina paired-end read merger. | the illumina paired-end sequencing technology can generate reads from both ends of target dna fragments, which can subsequently be merged to increase the overall read length. there already exist tools for merging these paired-end reads when the target fragments are equally long. however, when fragment lengths vary and, in particular, when either the fragment size is shorter than a single-end read, or longer than twice the size of a single-end read, most state-of-the-art mergers fail to generate ... | 2013 | 24142950 |
| erwinia amylovora crispr elements provide new tools for evaluating strain diversity and for microbial source tracking. | clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crisprs) comprise a family of short dna repeat sequences that are separated by non repetitive spacer sequences and, in combination with a suite of cas proteins, are thought to function as an adaptive immune system against invading dna. the number of crispr arrays in a bacterial chromosome is variable, and the content of each array can differ in both repeat number and in the presence or absence of specific spacers. we utilized a comparati ... | 2012 | 22860008 |
| characterization of the biosynthetic operon for the antibacterial peptide herbicolin in pantoea vagans biocontrol strain c9-1 and incidence in pantoea species. | pantoea vagans c9-1 is a biocontrol strain that produces at least two antibiotics inhibiting the growth of erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight disease of pear and apple. one antibiotic, herbicolin i, was purified from culture filtrates of p. vagans c9-1 and determined to be 2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine, also known as n(ß)-epoxysuccinamoyl-dap-valine. a plasposon library was screened for mutants that had lost the ability to produce herbicolin i. it was sho ... | 2012 | 22504810 |
| fire blight resistance of pear genotypes from different european countries. | several old cultivars, and breeding clones of european pear pyrus communis l. originating from belgium, england, sweden, and switzerland were evaluated for their resistance/susceptibility to fire blight. studies were carried out during three consecutive years 2007-2009 in the greenhouse of warsaw university of life sciences, poland. strain 691 of erwinia amylovora was used for artificial infection of plants. genotypes included in this study considerably varied in their resistance to fire blight. ... | 2011 | 25983395 |
| amyr is a novel negative regulator of amylovoran production in erwinia amylovora. | in this study, we attempted to understand the role of an orphan gene amyr in erwinia amylovora, a functionally conserved ortholog of ybjn in escherichia coli, which has recently been characterized. amylovoran, a high molecular weight acidic heteropolymer exopolysaccharide, is a virulent factor of e. amylovora. as reported earlier, amylovoran production in an amyr knockout mutant was about eight-fold higher than that in the wild type (wt) strain of e. amylovora. when a multicopy plasmid containin ... | 2012 | 23028751 |
| identification of pyrus single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and evaluation for genetic mapping in european pear and interspecific pyrus hybrids. | we have used new generation sequencing (ngs) technologies to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers from three european pear (pyrus communis l.) cultivars and subsequently developed a subset of 1096 pear snps into high throughput markers by combining them with the set of 7692 apple snps on the irsc apple infinium® ii 8k array. we then evaluated this apple and pear infinium® ii 9k snp array for large-scale genotyping in pear across several species, using both pear and apple snps. t ... | 2013 | 24155917 |
| arac/xyls family stress response regulators rob, soxs, plia, and opia in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | transcriptional regulators of the arac/xyls family have been associated with multidrug resistance, organic solvent tolerance, oxidative stress, and virulence in clinically relevant enterobacteria. in the present study, we identified four homologous arac/xyls regulators, rob, soxs, plia, and opia, from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora ea1189. previous studies have shown that the regulators mara, rob, and soxs from escherichia coli mediate multiple-antibiotic resistance, primarily by upr ... | 2014 | 24936054 |
| characterization and regulation of the resistance-nodulation-cell division-type multidrug efflux pumps mdtabc and mdtuvw from the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora. | the gram-negative bacterium erwinia amylovora is the causal agent of the devastating disease fire blight in rosaceous plants such as apple, pear, quince, raspberry, and cotoneaster. in order to survive and multiply in a host, microbes must be able to circumvent the toxic effects of antimicrobial plant compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins. e. amylovora uses multidrug efflux transporters that recognize and actively export toxic compounds out of the cells. here, two heterotrimeric resistance-n ... | 2014 | 25012600 |
| medfly ceratitis capitata as potential vector for fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora: survival and transmission. | monitoring the ability of bacterial plant pathogens to survive in insects is required for elucidating unknown aspects of their epidemiology and for designing appropriate control strategies. erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes fire blight, a devastating disease in apple and pear commercial orchards. studies on fire blight spread by insects have mainly focused on pollinating agents, such as honeybees. however, the mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) ceratitis capitata (dipte ... | 2015 | 25978369 |
| expression of biphenyl synthase genes and formation of phytoalexin compounds in three fire blight-infected pyrus communis cultivars. | pear (pyrus communis) is an economically important fruit crop. drops in yield and even losses of whole plantations are caused by diseases, most importantly fire blight which is triggered by the bacterial pathogen erwinia amylovora. in response to the infection, biphenyls and dibenzofurans are formed as phytoalexins, biosynthesis of which is initiated by biphenyl synthase (bis). two pcbis transcripts were cloned from fire blight-infected leaves and the encoded enzymes were characterized regarding ... | 2016 | 27410389 |
| genome mapping of postzygotic hybrid necrosis in an interspecific pear population. | deleterious epistatic interactions in plant inter- and intraspecific hybrids can cause a phenomenon known as hybrid necrosis, characterized by a typical seedling phenotype whose main distinguishing features are dwarfism, tissue necrosis and in some cases lethality. identification of the chromosome regions associated with this type of incompatibility is important not only to increase our understanding of the evolutionary diversification that led to speciation but also for breeding purposes. devel ... | 2016 | 26770810 |
| terrestrial vegetation and aquatic chemistry influence larval mosquito abundance in catch basins, chicago, usa. | an important determinant of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission is the spatial distribution of vectors. the primary vectors of west nile virus (wnv) in illinois are culex pipiens linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) and culex restuans theobald. in urban environments, these mosquitoes commonly oviposit in roadside storm water catch basins. however, use of this habitat is inconsistent, with abundance of larvae varying significantly across catch basins at a fine spatial scale. | 2013 | 23311394 |
| different morphologies of leishmania major amastigotes with no molecular diversity in a neglected endemic area of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in iran. | molecular diversity of leishmania major and its morphological changes have become a controversial issue among researchers. some aspects of polymorphic shapes of amastigotes in clinical manifestations along with molecular variation were evaluated among suspected patients of some exceptional zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis locations in northern khuzestan, southwestern iran. | 2015 | 26081070 |
| identification and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from in vitro cultures of peach and pear rootstocks. | endophytes are microorganisms which live symbiotically with almost all varieties of plant and in turn helping the plant in a number of ways. instead of satisfactory surface sterilization approaches, repeatedly occurring bacterial growth on in vitro rootstock cultures of peach and pear was identified and isolated as endophytic bacteria in our present study. five different isolates from peach rootstocks were molecularly identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing as brevundimonas diminuta, leifsonia sh ... | 2016 | 28330195 |
| interaction of antifungal peptide bp15 with stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear. | peptide bp15 has shown antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic fungi, including stemphylium vesicarium, the causal agent of brown spot of pear. bp15 inhibits the germination, growth and sporulation of s. vesicarium and displays post-infection activity by stopping fungal infection in pear leaves. in this work, live-cell imaging was undertaken to understand the antifungal mechanism of bp15. a double-staining method based on the combination of calcofluor white and sytox green coupled w ... | 2016 | 26693685 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of valsa mali: an efficient tool for random insertion mutagenesis. | valsa mali is a causal agent of apple and pear trees canker disease, which is a destructive disease that causes serious economic losses in eastern asia, especially in china. the lack of an efficient transformation system for valsa mali retards its investigation, which poses difficulties to control the disease. in this research, a transformation system for this pathogen was established for the first time using a. tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt), with the optimal transformation conditio ... | 2013 | 24381526 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using cotyledons in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia). | genetic transformation was successfully established producing both transformed adventitious shoots and calli in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) by using cotyledons as explants. cotyledons of five cultivars were co-cultivated with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying the pbin19-sgfp, which contained a green fluorescent protein gene and the neomycin phosphotransferase gene. in order to increase transformation efficiency, sonication and ethylenedioxybis (ethylamine)-n,n,n',n'-tet ... | 2013 | 24273422 |
| the methylation of the pcmyb10 promoter is associated with green-skinned sport in max red bartlett pear. | varieties of the european pear (pyrus communis) can produce trees with both red- and green-skinned fruits, such as the max red bartlett (mrb) variety, although little is known about the mechanism behind this differential pigmentation. in this study, we investigated the pigmentation of mrb and its green-skinned sport (mrb-g). the results suggest that a reduction in anthocyanin concentration causes the mrb-g sport. transcript levels of pcufgt (for udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase), th ... | 2013 | 23629835 |
| comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals that ethylene/h2o2-mediated hypersensitive response and programmed cell death determine the compatible interaction of sand pear and alternaria alternata. | a major restriction on sand pear (pyrus pyrifolia) production is black spot disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus alternaria alternata. however, the pear response mechanism to a. alternata is unknown at the molecular level. here, host responses of a resistant cultivar cuiguan (cg) and a susceptible cultivar sucui1 (sc1) to a. alternata infection were investigated. we found that the primary necrotic lesion formed at 1 dpi and the expansion of lesions was aggressive in sc1. data from transcrip ... | 2017 | 28261248 |
| physical mapping of black spot disease resistance/susceptibility-related genome regions in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia) by bac-fish. | black spot disease, caused by alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype, is one of the most harmful diseases in japanese pear cultivation. in the present study, the locations of black spot disease resistance/susceptibility-related genome regions were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization using bac clone (bac-fish) on japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia (burm. f.) nakai) chromosomes. root tips of self-pollinated seedlings of 'osa gold' were used as materials. chromosome samples were prepare ... | 2016 | 27436955 |
| characterization and comparison of the cpk gene family in the apple (malus × domestica) and other rosaceae species and its response to alternaria alternata infection. | as one of the ca2+ sensors, calcium-dependent protein kinase (cpk) plays vital roles in immune and stress signaling, growth and development, and hormone responses, etc. recently, the whole genome of apple (malus × domestica), pear (pyrus communis), peach (prunus persica), plum (prunus mume) and strawberry (fragaria vesca) in rosaceae family has been fully sequenced. however, little is known about the cpk gene family in these rosaceae species. in this study, 123 cpk genes were identified from fiv ... | 2016 | 27186637 |
| fine mapping of the gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai). | black spot disease, which is caused by the japanese pear pathotype of the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata (fries) keissler, is one of the most harmful diseases in japanese pear cultivation. we mapped a gene for susceptibility to black spot disease in the japanese pear (pyrus pyrifolia nakai) cultivar 'kinchaku' (aki gene) at the top of linkage group 11, similar to the positions of the susceptibility genes ani in 'osa nijisseiki' and ana in 'nansui'. using synteny-based marker enrichment, ... | 2016 | 27162498 |
| identification of a novel phylogenetic lineage of alternaria alternata causing citrus brown spot in china. | alternaria alternata sensu lato, casual agent of citrus brown spot, first identified in yunnan province in 2010 and subsequently found in zhejiang, hunan, guangdong provinces, chongqing municipality andguangxi autonomous region in china. during 2010-2012, 86 isolates were collected from diseased citrus, of which 85 % isolates were pathogenic to ponkan tangerine. phylogenetic analyses of chinese and worldwide isolates using partial sequences of an endopolygalacturonase gene (endopg) and combined ... | 2015 | 25937061 |
| syntheses of natural 1,3-polyol/α-pyrone and its all stereoisomers to estimate antifungal activities against plant pathogenic fungi. | all stereoisomers of 1,3-polyol/α-pyrone 1-8 with more than 99% ee were synthesized to estimate the effect of stereochemistry on the antifungal activity. the absolute configuration of natural compound was determined as (6r,2's,4'r)-2. the eight stereoisomers showed the antifungal activity against plant pathogenic alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype and colletotrichum lagenarium. the large difference of activity level was not observed between stereoisomers, showing 43-72% of growth ratio ... | 2015 | 25872981 |
| [identification of pantoea agglomeran xm2 with biocontrol activity against postharvest pear black spot]. | we isolated the bacterial strain xm2 from prunes (prunus domestica l.) fruit surface. xm2 was identified and tested as an antagonist for postharvest biological control of black spot disease (alternaria alternata) on pear fruits. | 2014 | 25272813 |
| complex regulation of secondary metabolism controlling pathogenicity in the phytopathogenic fungus alternaria alternata. | the filamentous fungus alternaria alternata includes seven pathogenic variants (pathotypes), which produce different host-selective toxins and cause disease on different plants. the japanese pear, strawberry and tangerine pathotypes produce ak-toxin, af-toxin and act-toxin, respectively, which have a common structural moiety, 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid (eda). here, we identified a new gene, akt7 (ak-toxin biosynthetic gene 7), from the japanese pear pathotype, which encodes ... | 2014 | 24611558 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of antifungal (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid using 7-phenyl derivatives. | the relationship between antifungal activity against alternaria alternata and structure on the 7-phenyl group of (+)-dihydroguaiaretic acid ((+)-dga) was clarified by employing 38 synthesized (+)-dga derivatives. the results were identified by quantitative structure-activity relationship (qsar) analysis employing the hansch-fujita method. some compounds showed higher activity than (+)-dga. the compound showing highest activity was 3,5-difluorophenyl derivative 37. it was suggested that the small ... | 2013 | 23924382 |
| synthesis of the methyl ester of tritium-labeled ak-toxin i, a host-specific toxin produced by alternaria alternata japanese pear pathotype. | ak-toxin i, a host-specific toxin to japanese pear (pyrus serotina), was synthesized as its methyl ester from three precursor fragments: conjugated diene-carboxylic acid, chiral epoxyalcohol and β-methylphenylalanine. the epoxyalcohol fragment was derived from d-fructose, in which effective homologation of the hemiacetal carbon to alkyne by using dimethyl 1-diazo-2-oxopropylphosphonate was the key reaction. the diene-carboxylic acid fragment was prepared by repeated wittig reactions, and was com ... | 1999 | 27380234 |
| characterization of apple stem grooving virus and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus identified in a crab apple tree. | apple stem grooving virus (asgv), apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv), and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) were identified in a crab apple tree by small rna deep sequencing. the complete genome sequence of aclsv isolate bj (aclsv-bj) was 7554 nucleotides and shared 67.0%-83.0% nucleotide sequence identity with other aclsv isolates. a phylogenetic tree based on the complete genome sequence of all available aclsv isolates showed that aclsv-bj clustered with the isolates sy01 from hawtho ... | 2017 | 27990565 |
| genome sequences of three apple chlorotic leaf spot virus isolates from hawthorns in china. | the genome sequences of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) isolates from three accessions of hawthorns (crataegus pinnatifida) grown at shenyang agricultural university were determined using illumina rna-seq. to confirm the assembly data from the de novo sequencing, two aclsv genomic sequences (sy01 and sy02) were sequenced using the sanger method. the sy01 and sy02 sequences obtained with the sanger method showed 99.5% and 99.7% nucleotide identity with the transcriptome data, respectively ... | 2016 | 27519059 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of three viruses in pear plants by a multiplex rt-pcr. | a multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay was developed for detection and differentiation of the apple stem pitting virus (aspv), apple stem grooving virus (asgv) and apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv), which are viruses frequently occurring in pear trees. different combinations of mixed primer pairs were tested for their specificity and sensitivity for the simultaneous detection of the three viruses. three primer pairs were used to amplify their fragments of 247bp, 358bp and 500bp, respectively. ... | 2014 | 24269332 |
| one-step multiplex quantitative rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection of viroids and phytoplasmas of pome fruit trees. | a one-step multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) based on taqman chemistry was developed for the simultaneous detection of pear blister canker viroid and apple scar skin viroid along with universal detection of phytoplasmas, in pome trees. total nucleic acids (tnas) extraction was performed according to a modified ctab protocol. primers and taqman mgb probes for specific detection of the two viroids were designed in this study, whereas for phy ... | 2015 | 25479356 |
| characterization of virus-derived small interfering rnas in apple stem grooving virus-infected in vitro-cultured pyrus pyrifolia shoot tips in response to high temperature treatment. | heat treatment (known as thermotherapy) together with in vitro culture of shoot meristem tips is a commonly used technology to obtain virus-free germplasm for the effective control of virus diseases in fruit trees. rna silencing as an antiviral defense mechanism has been implicated in this process. to understand if high temperature-mediated acceleration of the host antiviral gene silencing system in the meristem tip facilitates virus-derived small interfering rnas (vsirna) accumulation to reduce ... | 2016 | 27716257 |
| integrated analyses using rna-seq data reveal viral genomes, single nucleotide variations, the phylogenetic relationship, and recombination for apple stem grooving virus. | next-generation sequencing (ngs) provides many possibilities for plant virology research. in this study, we performed integrated analyses using plant transcriptome data for plant virus identification using apple stem grooving virus (asgv) as an exemplar virus. we used 15 publicly available transcriptome libraries from three different studies, two mrna-seq studies and a small rna-seq study. | 2016 | 27507588 |
| genetic diversity of a natural population of apple stem pitting virus isolated from apple in korea. | apple stem pitting virus (aspv), of the foveavirus genus in the family betaflexiviridae, is one of the most common viruses of apple and pear trees. to examine variability of the coat protein (cp) gene from aspv, eight isolates originating from 251 apple trees, which were collected from 22 apple orchards located in intensive apple growing areas of the north gyeongsang and north jeolla provinces in korea, were sequenced and compared. the nucleotide sequence identity of the cp gene of eight aspv is ... | 2014 | 25289003 |
| complete genomic sequence analyses of apple stem pitting virus isolates from china. | the complete genomic sequences of a chinese aspv isolates kl1 and kl9 were determined from ten overlapping cdna clones. the genomes of both isolates were 9265 nucleotides excluding the poly (a) tail and contained five open reading frames (orfs). the identities between two complete genomes were 92.5% at nt level. multiple alignment of the amino acid sequences showed that 110 aa variations between two genomic sequences and the variable domains mainly distributed in 5'-terminal of orf1, orf3, and o ... | 2012 | 21909953 |
| sequence diversity and potential recombination events in the coat protein gene of apple stem pitting virus. | the variability of the apple stem pitting virus (aspv) coat protein (cp) gene was investigated. the cp gene of ten virus isolates from apple and pear trees was sequenced. comparison of all sequenced virus isolates revealed high diversity of the cp gene (70.7-93.5% at the nucleotide level and 77.8-98.7% at the amino acid level). additionally, one or two deletions in the n-terminal part of the coat protein gene of the studied virus isolates were identified. the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous ... | 2011 | 21402110 |
| evaluation of several rt-pcr primer pairs for the detection of apple stem pitting virus. | detection of apple stem pitting virus (aspv) using rt-pcr based methods was studied in infected apple and pear trees. three virus-specific primers (aspf1cp, aspf2cp, aspr3cp) were designed to target the most conservative regions of the coat protein gene of 10 virus isolates in poland and 7 other aspv sequences available in genbank. the suitability of the primer pairs aspf1cp-aspr3cp and aspf2cp-aspr3cp for detection of 19 virus isolates was checked. both new primer pairs initiated amplification ... | 2010 | 20447421 |
| nucleotide sequences of apple stem pitting virus and of the coat protein gene of a similar virus from pear associated with vein yellows disease and their relationship with potex- and carlaviruses. | the nucleotide sequence (9306 nucleotides) of cdna clones of apple stem pitting virus (aspv) obtained from a double-stranded rna template, extracted from diseased plant tissue, was determined. the genome is composed of five open reading frames (orfs) encoding putative proteins with m(r)s of 247083, 25147, 12832, 7429 and 43712, and has a poly(a) tail. using two oligonucleotides designed from the aspv sequence information a 1598 bp fragment from near the 3' terminus of the viral rna, containing t ... | 1994 | 8021584 |
| broad-spectrum antifungal-producing lactic acid bacteria and their application in fruit models. | a large-scale screen of some 7,000 presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab), isolated from animal, human, or plant origin, identified 1,149 isolates with inhibitory activity against the food-spoilage mould penicillium expansum. in excess of 500 lab isolates were subsequently identified to produce a broad spectrum of activity against p. expansum, penicillium digitatum, penicillium notatum, penicillium roqueforti, rhizopus stolonifer, fusarium culmorum, aspergillus fumigatus and rhodotorula mucilagi ... | 2013 | 23160868 |
| efficient expression of an acidic endo-polygalacturonase from aspergillus niger and its application in juice production. | an endo-polygalacturonase gene (pga-zj5a) was cloned by reverse transcription from cdnas synthesized from aspergillus niger zj5 total rna. the open reading frame of pga-zj5a was 1089 base pairs encoding 362 amino acids. pga-zj5a lacking a signal peptide sequence was successfully amplified using a. niger zj5 cdna as the template and was ligated into the ppic9 vector. the resulting plasmid was transformed into competent cells of pichia pastoris gs115 for heterologous expression. the polygalacturon ... | 2017 | 28248099 |
| chemical variability, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils and hydrosol extract of calendula arvensis l. from western algeria. | the chemical composition of the essential oils and hydrosol extract from aerial parts of calendula arvensis l. was investigated using gc-fid and gc/ms. intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oils from 18 algerian sample locations were investigated using statistical analysis. chemical analysis allowed the identification of fifty-three compounds amounting to 92.3-98.5% with yields varied of 0.09-0.36% and the main compounds were zingiberenol 1 (8.7-29.8%), eremoligenol ... | 2017 | 28109063 |
| hydrogen sulfide prolongs postharvest storage of fresh-cut pears (pyrus pyrifolia) by alleviation of oxidative damage and inhibition of fungal growth. | hydrogen sulfide (h2s) has proved to be a multifunctional signaling molecule in plants and animals. here, we investigated the role of h2s in the decay of fresh-cut pears (pyrus pyrifolia). h2s gas released by sodium hydrosulfide (nahs) prolonged the shelf life of fresh-cut pear slices in a dose-dependent manner. moreover, h2s maintained higher levels of reducing sugar and soluble protein in pear slices. h2s significantly reduced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), superoxide radicals ( ... | 2014 | 24454881 |
| yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with fruits and blossoms of different fruit trees. | yeasts are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere, but our knowledge of their diversity in various plant organs is still limited. this study focused on the diversity of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with matured fruits and fully open blossoms of apple, plum, and pear trees, during 2 consecutive years at 3 localities in southwest slovakia. the occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in fruit samples was 2½ times higher and the yeast community more diverse than that in blossom s ... | 2012 | 23210991 |
| molecular and parasitological survey of bovine piroplasms in the black sea region, including the first report of babesiosis associated with babesia divergens in turkey. | clinical cases of babesiosis were evaluated, and the frequency of bovine babesia and theileria parasites was determined in cattle. blood samples and thin blood smears were collected from 23 cattle exhibiting clinical signs of babesiosis. in addition, tick and blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy cattle cograzing from the same area. egg masses obtained from fully engorged female ticks were included. dna isolated from blood and tick samples was screened for babesia and theileri ... | 2015 | 26336265 |
| the prevalence and impact of babesia canis and theileria sp. in free-ranging grey wolf (canis lupus) populations in croatia. | babesia spp. and theileria spp. are important emerging causes of disease in dogs. alongside these domesticated hosts, there is increasing recognition that these piroplasms can also be found in a range of wild animals with isolated reports describing the presence of these pathogen in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and captive grey wolves (canis lupus). the prevalence and impact of these infections in free-ranging populations of canids are unknown. to gain a better insight into the epidemiology and pathoge ... | 2017 | 28376903 |
| distribution patterns of babesia gibsoni infection in hunting dogs from nine japanese islands. | canine babesiosis constitutes a major global veterinary medical problem caused by tick-borne hemoparasites babesia gibsoni and babesia canis. babesia gibsoni induces more severe clinical signs and is mainly transmitted by the ixodid haemaphysalis longicornis. in japan, b. gibsoni is primarily found in the western districts, with few records in the eastern parts. the aim of the current investigation was to evaluate distribution patterns of b. gibsoni infection in 9 japanese islands and peninsulas ... | 2015 | 25419881 |
| elucidation of enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus outbreaks in austria by complementary epidemiological and microbiological investigations, 2013. | identifying bacillus cereus as the causative agent of a foodborne outbreak still poses a challenge. we report on the epidemiological and microbiological investigation of three outbreaks of food poisoning (a, b, and c) in austria in 2013. a total of 44% among 32 hotel guests (a), 22% among 63 employees (b) and 29% among 362 residents of a rehab clinic (c) fell sick immediately after meal consumption. b. cereus isolated from left overs or retained samples from related foods were characterized by t ... | 2016 | 27257745 |
| the crystal structure of erwinia amylovora levansucrase provides a snapshot of the products of sucrose hydrolysis trapped into the active site. | levansucrases are members of the glycoside hydrolase family and catalyse both the hydrolysis of the substrate sucrose and the transfer of fructosyl units to acceptor molecules. in the presence of sufficient sucrose, this may either lead to the production of fructooligosaccharides or fructose polymers. aim of this study is to rationalise the differences in the polymerisation properties of bacterial levansucrases and in particular to identify structural features that determine different product sp ... | 2015 | 26208466 |
| complete dsrna sequence of a novel victorivirus isolated from the pear stem wart fungus botryosphaeria dothidea. | botryosphaeria dothidea is a pathogen that causes many important diseases of deciduous fruit trees worldwide. in this study, a double-stranded (ds) rna of 5322 base pairs (bp) in length from strain gy25 of b. dothidea was isolated and sequenced. the dsrna potentially contained two overlapping open reading frames (orfs). the predicted gene product of orf1 had the highest amino acid sequence similarity, 37 % (e-value, 8e(-101)), to the capsid protein of rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (rnv1), a ... | 2015 | 25416855 |
| entomopathogenic fungi associated with exotic invasive insect pests in northeastern forests of the usa. | mycopathogens of economically important exotic invasive insects in forests of northeastern usa have been the subject of research at the entomology research laboratory, university of vermont, for the last 20 years. elongate hemlock scale, european fruit lecanium, hemlock woolly adelgid and pear thrips were analyzed for the presence of mycopathogens, in order to consider the potential for managing these pests with biological control. fungal cultures isolated from insects with signs of fungal infec ... | 2013 | 26462527 |
| fermentation of dietetic fiber from green bean and prickly pear shell by pure and mixture culture of lactobacillus acidophilus la-5 and bifidobacterium bifidum 450b. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the fermentation of dietary fiber from green bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and prickly pear shell (opuntia ficus-indica) by lactobacillus acidophilus la-5 and bifidobacterium bifidum 450b growing as mono-culture and co-culture, the fermentation products, and proteins expressed during this process. the analysis of the fermentation profile showed a major growth of bacteria in the culture media of each dietary fiber supplemented with glucose, and particularly b. bi ... | 2017 | 28332163 |
| hypovirulence of the phytopathogenic fungus botryosphaeria dothidea: association with a coinfecting chrysovirus and a partitivirus. | botryosphaeria dothidea is an important pathogenic fungus causing fruit rot, leaf and stem ring spots and dieback, stem canker, stem death or stool mortality, and decline of pear trees. seven double-stranded rnas (dsrnas; dsrnas 1 to 7 with sizes of 3,654, 2,773, 2,597, 2,574, 1,823, 1,623, and 511 bp, respectively) were identified in an isolate of b. dothidea exhibiting attenuated growth and virulence and a sectoring phenotype. characterization of the dsrnas revealed that they belong to two dsr ... | 2014 | 24760881 |
| activity of the novel fungicide syp-z048 against plant pathogens. | in in vitro tests with 18 plant pathogens, the fungicide 3-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinyl] pyridine (syp-z048) was highly effective on inhibiting mycelial growth of various ascomycota and basidiomycota, with ec50 values ranging from 0.008 to 1.140 μg/ml. syp-z048 had much weaker activity against growth of oomycota with ec50 values > 100 μg/ml. in a second in vitro test with monilinia fructicola isolates, syp-z048 inhibited mycelial growth (ec50 = 0.013 μg/ml), germ tube elonga ... | 2014 | 25253681 |
| heat-induced oxidative injury contributes to inhibition of botrytis cinerea spore germination and growth. | the inhibitory effect of heat treatment (ht) on botrytis cinerea, a major postharvest fungal pathogen, and the possible mode of action were investigated. spore germination and germ tube elongation of b. cinerea were both increasingly and significantly inhibited by ht (43 °c) for 10, 20 or 30 min. ht-induced gene expression of nadph oxidase a, resulted in the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. ht-treated b. cinerea spores exhibited higher levels of oxidative damage to proteins ... | 2014 | 24101365 |
| evaluation of cinnamon essential oil microemulsion and its vapor phase for controlling postharvest gray mold of pears (pyrus pyrifolia). | essential oil of cinnamon (cm) is a potential alternative to chemical fungicides. thus this work aimed to investigate the possible effects of cm microemulsions on decay developments and qualitative properties of pears. | 2014 | 24037944 |
| efficacy and putative mode of action of native and commercial antagonistic yeasts against postharvest pathogens of pear. | putative mechanisms of action associated with the biocontrol capacity of four yeast strains (cryptoccocus albidus npcc 1248, pichia membranifaciens npcc 1250, cryptoccocus victoriae npcc 1263 and npcc 1259) against penicillium expansum and botrytis cinerea were studied by means of in vitro and in situ assays. c. albidus(yp), a commercial yeast was also evaluated for comparative purposes. the yeast strains exhibited a variety of different mechanisms including: wound colonization, germination inhi ... | 2013 | 23680800 |
| antibacterial and antioxidant activities in extracts of fully grown cladodes of 8 cultivars of cactus pear. | the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some cultivars of the nopal cactus have not been determined. in this study, 8 cultivars of nopal cacti from mexico were assayed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholera, and clostridium perfringens. plant material was washed, dried, and macerated in methanol. minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. antioxidant acti ... | 2014 | 24621296 |
| antimicrobial and antiradical activity of extracts obtained from leaves of three species of the genus pyrus. | in this study, extracts were obtained from leaves of pyrus communis l., pyrus elaeagrifolia pall., and pyrus pyrifolia (bum.) nak. these extracts were tested for antiradical and antibacterial activity, as well as for the amount of total phenolic compounds, hydroquinone and arbutin. the antiradical activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and antibacterial activity with the disk diffusion method. the amount of phenolic compounds was determined using folin ciocalteu's phen ... | 2014 | 24621262 |
| complementary dna cloning of the pear 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase gene and agrobacterium-mediated anti-sense genetic transformation. | the aim of the present study was to genetically modify plantlets of the chinese yali pear to reduce their expression of ripening-associated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (aco) and therefore increase the shelf-life of the fruit. primers were designed with selectivity for the conserved regions of published aco gene sequences, and yali complementary dna (cdna) cloning was performed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the obtained cdna fragment cont ... | 2015 | 26460204 |
| expression of antisense snrk1 protein kinase sequence causes abnormal pollen development and male sterility in transgenic barley. | a chimaeric gene was constructed comprising a wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit gene promoter, a 304-bp sucrose non-fermenting-1-related (snrk1) protein kinase sequence in the antisense orientation, and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna gene terminator. transgenic barley plants containing the antisense snrk1 chimaeric gene were produced by particle bombardment of barley immature embryos with the aim of obtaining plants expressing the antisense snrk1 sequence in the seeds. despite t ... | 2001 | 11737780 |
| single-strand conformation polymorphism for molecular variability studies of six viroid species. | molecular diversity within six viroid species and different molecular variants, in each species infecting fruit trees was first estimated by the single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) technique and then by direct sequencing analysis. the different variants studied are to three australian grapevine viroids(agvd), four citrus dwarfing viroids (cdvd), eleven grapevine yellow speckle viroids type-1 (gysvd-1), four hop stunt viroids (hsvd), seven peach latent mosaic viroids (plmvd), and eight ... | 2013 | 23291763 |
| occurrence of anthracnose on fruits of asian pear tree caused by colletotrichum acutatum. | anthracnose symptoms often occurred on fruits of asian pear trees grown in anseong, naju, seonghwan and pyeongtaek in korea during the harvesting period from 2000 to 2005. a total of 28 isolates of colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the anthracnose symptoms. all the isolates were identified as colletotrichum acutatum based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. four isolates of the fungus were tested for pathogenicity to fruits of asian pear tree by artificial inoculation. all t ... | 2007 | 24015105 |
| survival and growth of cronobacter sakazakii on fresh-cut fruit and the effect of uv-c illumination and electrolyzed water in the reduction of its population. | cronobacter sakazakii, found in foods such as powdered infant formula and plant origin ready-to-eat food, is an opportunistic pathogen to infants, neonates and vulnerable adults. the objective of this study was to monitor the growth of c. sakazakii in fresh-cut 'royal gala' apple, 'rocha' pear, and 'piel de sapo' melon, and the effect of uv-c illumination, acidic electrolyzed water (aew) and neutral electrolyzed water (new) in the reduction of its population. fresh-cut fruits were inoculated and ... | 2016 | 27163653 |
| production of single-cell oil from prickly-pear juice fermentation by cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture. | the biomass of cryptococcus curvatus, an oleaginous yeast, reached 11 g/l and accumulated 46% (w/w) lipid when grown for 35 h in batch culture on diluted (25%) prickly-pear juice. the c:n ratio of the juice was about 50 g/g. the efficiency of substrate conversion was 0.48 g/g for biomass and 0.22 g/g for lipids. the extracted lipids were mainly oleic (18:1) and palmitic (16:0) acids and the quality of pipid approached that of palm oil. | 1994 | 24421128 |
| evaluation of food lures for capture and monitoring of anastrepha fraterculus (diptera: tephritidae) on temperate fruit trees. | the anastrepha fraterculus (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) is the main pest of fruit trees grown in temperate climates in the southern region of brazil. the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the major commercial food lures used in brazil for trapping and monitoring of a. fraterculus in plum, pear, and feijoa orchards. the assessed lures were hydrolyzed proteins of animal origin (ceratrap) and plant origin (bioanastrepha), torula yeast + borax (torula), and grape juice. ... | 2017 | 28334322 |
| improving the performance of the granulosis virus of codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) by adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae with sugar. | studies were conducted with the codling moth granulosis virus (cpgv) to evaluate whether adding the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae meyen ex e. c. hansen with brown cane sugar could improve larval control of cydia pomonella (l.). larval mortalities in dipped-apple bioassays with s. cerevisiae or sugar alone were not significantly different from the water control. the addition of s. cerevisiae but not sugar with cpgv significantly increased larval mortality compared with cpgv alone. the combinatio ... | 2015 | 26313179 |
| dickeyafangzhongdai sp. nov., a plant-pathogenic bacterium isolated from pear trees (pyrus pyrifolia). | gram-stain-negative, pectinolytic bacteria were repeatedly isolated from pear trees displaying symptoms of bleeding canker in china. three strains, js5t, ln1 and qzh3, had identical 16s rrna gene sequences that shared 99 % similarity to the type strain of dickeya dadantii. phylogenetic analysis of strains js5t, ln1 and qzh3 with isolates representing all species of the genus dickeya and related pectobacterium species supported their affiliation to dickeya. multi-locus sequence typing employing c ... | 2016 | 27045848 |
| whole-genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens ek007-rg4, a promising biocontrol agent against a broad range of bacteria, including the fire blight bacterium erwinia amylovora. | here, we report the first draft whole-genome sequence of pseudomonas fluorescens strain ek007-rg4, which was isolated from the phylloplane of a pear tree. p. fluorescens ek007-rg4 displays strong antagonism against erwinia amylovora, the causal agent for fire blight disease, in addition to several other pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. | 2017 | 28360179 |