| immune response induced by spike protein from transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus expressed in mouse mammary cells. | the present study is undertaken to investigate the immune response that was induced by the recombinant spike (s) protein from swine-transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) expressed in mouse mammary cells. a mammary-specific expression vector pebs containing the full-length cdna of s gene was constructed and expressed in the mouse mammary cells (emt6). the recombinant s protein from culture supernatant of transgenic emt6 was harvested and immunized balb/c mice. the results demonstrated recomb ... | 2007 | 17532081 |
| [construction of recombinant lactococcus lactis expressing porcine transmissible gastroenteritis spike glycoprotein and analysis of immunogenicity]. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes a highly fatal acute diarrhea in newborn pigs. it's typically clinical manifestations consist of omitting, severe diarrhea, loss water and highly infectious disease. all kinds and ages of pigs can be infected. particular, the mortality piglets under 3 weeks may reach 100% . the effective protection against tgev requires the development of vaccines that are able to induce local mucosal immunization. lactoco ... | 2007 | 17552246 |
| antiviral activity of carbohydrate-binding agents against nidovirales in cell culture. | coronaviruses are important human and animal pathogens, the relevance of which increased due to the emergence of new human coronaviruses like sars-cov, hku1 and nl63. together with toroviruses, arteriviruses, and roniviruses the coronaviruses belong to the order nidovirales. so far antivirals are hardly available to combat infections with viruses of this order. therefore, various antiviral strategies to counter nidoviral infections are under evaluation. lectins, which bind to n-linked oligosacch ... | 2007 | 17560666 |
| development of a simple and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for diarrhea-causative porcine rotavirus in swine stool. | a rapid and simple immunochromatography (ic) strip test, for specific detection of porcine rotavirus (prv) in stool specimen, was developed. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the osu strain of prv have been produced in mice. among them, two hybridoma clones that generate mab-1 and mab-2, respectively, specific for vp6 protein of prv, have been selected. in the ic configuration, mab-1, one of the selected mabs was used to the designed coat microparticles (mp), while another mab-2 was used to fix it ... | 2007 | 17644198 |
| absence of e protein arrests transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus maturation in the secretory pathway. | a recombinant transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (rtgev) in which e gene was deleted (rtgev-deltae) has been engineered. this deletion mutant only grows in cells expressing e protein (e(+) cells) indicating that e was an essential gene for tgev replication. electron microscopy studies of rtgev-deltae infected bhk-papn-e(-) cells showed that only immature intracellular virions were assembled. these virions were non-infectious and not secreted to the extracellular medium in bhk-papn-e(-) ce ... | 2007 | 17692883 |
| multiplex real-time rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection and quantification of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are major etiological agents of diarrhea and death in piglets. multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr was developed for simultaneous differential quantification of each virus in a single reaction tube, using cy5- and fam-labeled taqman-probes based on sequences from the tgev and pedv nucleocapsid genes. the copy numbers for transcripts of tgev and pedv were quantified using this assay over a range f ... | 2007 | 17697717 |
| novel small-molecule inhibitors of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | we used swine testicle (st) cells infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and an indirect immunofluorescent assay with antibodies against tgev spike and nucleocapsid proteins to screen small-molecule compounds that inhibit tgev replication. analogues of initial hits were collected and subjected to a 3cl protease (3cl(pro)) inhibition assay with recombinant 3cl(pro) and a fluorogenic peptide substrate. a series of benzothiazolium compounds were found to have inhibitory activity a ... | 2007 | 17709464 |
| the emergence of porcine circovirus 2b genotype (pcv-2b) in swine in canada. | since late 2004, the swine industry in the province of quebec has experienced a significant increase in death rate related to postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). to explain this phenomenon, 2 hypotheses were formulated: 1) the presence of a 2nd pathogen could be exacerbating the porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection, or 2) a new and more virulent pcv-2 strain could be infecting swine. in 2005, 13 pmws cases were submitted to the quebec provincial diagnostic laboratory and pcv-2 w ... | 2007 | 17824323 |
| two-way antigenic cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and group 1 animal covs is mediated through an antigenic site in the n-terminal region of the sars-cov nucleoprotein. | in 2002, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) emerged in humans, causing a global epidemic. by phylogenetic analysis, sars-cov is distinct from known covs and most closely related to group 2 covs. however, no antigenic cross-reactivity between sars-cov and known covs was conclusively and consistently demonstrated except for group 1 animal covs. we analyzed this cross-reactivity by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot analysis using specific ... | 2007 | 17913799 |
| potential and limitation of uvc irradiation for the inactivation of pathogens in platelet concentrates. | pathogen contamination, causing transfusion-transmitted diseases, is an ongoing concern in transfusion of cellular blood products. in this explorative study, the pathogen-inactivating capacity of uvc irradiation in platelet (plt) concentrates was investigated. the dose dependencies of inactivation of several viruses and bacteria were compared with the effect on plt quality. | 2008 | 18028277 |
| the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus is retained intracellularly by a tyrosine motif. | we have analyzed the intracellular transport of the spike (s) protein of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), an avian coronavirus. surface expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy, by surface biotinylation, and by syncytium formation by s-expressing cells. by applying these methods, the s protein was found to be retained intracellularly. tyr1143 in the cytoplasmic tail was shown to be a crucial component of the retention signal. deletion of a dilysine motif that has previously bee ... | 2008 | 18094153 |
| sequence analysis of the orf 7 region of transmissible gastroenteritis viruses isolated in korea. | three (kt2, 133, and dae) transmissible gastroenteritis viruses (tgevs) were isolated from pigs suspected of having tge in korea. one, kt2 (kt2-l), was passaged 128 times (kt2-h) in swine testicular cells. the open reading frame 7 (orf 7) gene from each of the four tgevs (kt2-l, kt2-h, 133, and dae), which is located at the 3' end of the tgev genome, was amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). amplified pcr products were cloned, sequenced, and compared with publish ... | 2008 | 18172751 |
| antibodies to selected viral disease agents in wild boars from the czech republic. | blood samples were collected from wild boar (sus scrofa) shot during the hunting season from 1999 to 2005 in the czech republic. sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). indirect fluorescence antibody test was used for detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and transmissible ... | 2008 | 18689671 |
| effect of different levels of mannan-oligosaccharide supplementation on some immunological variables in weaned piglets. | the effect of different doses of mannan-oligosaccharide (mos) on specific and non-specific immune responses was studied in piglets, weaned at 28 days. a total of 58 piglets were used in six groups. five groups were fed 0, 1, 2, 4 g mos product per kg diet or with growth promoting antibiotics and immunized by inactivated aujeszky’s disease virus (ayv) vaccine at week 1 and 3 of the experiment (35 and 49 days). a sixth group, receiving the same non-supplemented diets was not immunized. blood sampl ... | 2009 | 18700854 |
| importance of cholesterol for infection of cells by transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | in this study, we addressed the question whether cholesterol is important for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus, in the initiation of an infection. we found that cholesterol depletion from the cellular membrane by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (mbetacd) significantly impaired the efficiency of tgev infection. infectivity was also reduced after depleting cholesterol from the viral envelope. this finding is surprising because coronaviruses bud from a pre-golgi compartmen ... | 2008 | 18727942 |
| virological and serological studies of porcine respiratory coronavirus infection on a japanese farm. | we detected transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) antibodies in pig farms in tochigi prefecture, although the farms had no past record of tgev vaccination or tge. among the farms, farm a showed a high antibody incidence. we could not confirm if either tgev or porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcv) induced the antibodies, since conventional tests failed to discriminate prcv from tgev. therefore, we conducted virological and serological examinations of this farm for 4 years to establish the e ... | 2008 | 18840967 |
| antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. the lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antivirals. in this study, we identified q7r, which actively inhibited pedv replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of 0.014 microg/ml. the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (cc(50)) of q7r was over 100 microg/ml and the derived therapeutic index was 7142. several structural analogu ... | 2009 | 18992773 |
| [isolation and genomic sequence analysis of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus]. | a transmissible gastroenteritis virus strain was isolated from suspect samples in sichuan province and identified by st cell culture, direct fluorescent antibody test (fa), neutralization test (nt), tme examination and some other methods, then it was named sc-y. the isolated strain could produce obvious cytopathic effects (cpe), the tcid50 was 10(-3.664)/0.05 ml, the neutralization index is 52.5. cdna fragments covering the complete genome were amplified by the long reverse transcription pcr. th ... | 2008 | 19035325 |
| recombinant canine coronaviruses related to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine are circulating in dogs. | four canine coronavirus type ii (ccov-ii) strains were identified in the guts and internal organs of pups which had died of acute gastroenteritis. the ccov-ii strains were strictly related to porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in the n-terminal domain of the spike protein, whereas in the other parts of the genome, a higher genetic relatedness to recent ccov-ii isolates was observed. experimental infection of dogs with a tgev-like isolate induced mild gastroenteritis without any s ... | 2009 | 19036814 |
| identification of sugar residues involved in the binding of tgev to porcine brush border membranes. | coronaviruses most often infect the respiratory or intestinal tract. transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a group 1 coronavirus, infects the porcine small intestine. piglets up to the age of 3 weeks die from diarrhea caused by the viral gastroenteritis unless they are protected by antibodies. in addition to the cellular receptor, porcine aminopeptidase n, the tgev spike protein binds to sialic acid residues. we have shown that the sialic acid binding activity mediates the binding of tgev ... | 2008 | 19057868 |
| sequence analysis of divergent canine coronavirus strains present in a uk dog population. | forty faecal samples were tested by rt-pcr using coronavirus consensus primers to determine faecal shedding of canine coronavirus (ccov) and canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) in a dog population housed at a rescue centre. seven samples were positive for ccov while all samples were negative for crcov. sequence analysis of five ccov strains showed a high similarity with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) at the n-terminus of the spike protein. all strains contained an open reading fra ... | 2009 | 19162099 |
| survival of surrogate coronaviruses in water. | the emergence of a previously unknown coronavirus infection, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), demonstrated that fecally contaminated liquid droplets are a potential vehicle for the spread of a respiratory virus to large numbers of people. to assess potential risks from this pathway, there is a need for surrogates for sars coronavirus to provide representative data on viral survival in contaminated water. this study evaluated survival of two surrogate coronaviruses, transmissible gastroe ... | 2009 | 19246070 |
| comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the s proteins from a porcine and a human coronavirus. | the surface proteins s of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were compared for their ability to mediate infection of viral pseudotypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the cell tropism of the respective pseudotypes corresponded to the tropism of the viruses from which the s protein was derived. higher infectivity values were obtained with the sars-cov s protein than with the tgev s protein. differences were observed w ... | 2009 | 19264610 |
| [construction, safety and immunogenicity analysis of attenuated salmonella typhimurium harbouring tgev dna vaccine]. | to study the feasibility of using attenuated salmonella typhimurium as carrier for oral immunization of tgev dna vaccine. | 2009 | 19388267 |
| plant production of veterinary vaccines and therapeutics. | plant-derived biologicals for use in animal health are becoming an increasingly important target for research into alternative, improved methods for disease control. although there are no commercial products on the market yet, the development and testing of oral, plant-based vaccines is now beyond the proof-of-principle stage. vaccines, such as those developed for porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, have the potential to stimulate both mucosal and systemic, as well as, lactogenic immuni ... | 2009 | 19401822 |
| multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections. | multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ... | 2009 | 19467264 |
| analysis of putative recombination hot sites in the s gene of canine coronaviruses. | the s gene sequence of canine coronavirus strain 1-71 (ccov 1-71) was cloned, sequenced, and compared to those of other ccovs, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and feline coronavirus (fcov). the sequence analysis showed that ccov 1-71 displayed a 98.8-99.8% identity with ccovs strains v1, k378, and gp. four putative recombination sites were found at the 5'-end of the s gene, namely at nt 53, 75, 425, 991. both sequences flanking each site were significantly different. three recombinat ... | 2009 | 19537912 |
| intragastric administration of attenuated salmonella typhimurium harbouring transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) dna vaccine induced specific antibody production. | attenuated salmonella typhimurium was selected as a transgenic vehicle for the development of live mucosal vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). a 2.2kb dna fragment, encoding for n-terminal domain glycoprotein s of tgev, was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pvax1. the recombinant plasmid pvax-s was transformed by electroporation into attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207, the expression and translation of the pvax-s delivered by recombinant s. t ... | 2009 | 19573642 |
| host cell proteins interacting with the 3' end of tgev coronavirus genome influence virus replication. | coronavirus rna synthesis is performed by a multienzymatic replicase complex together with cellular factors. this process requires the specific recognition of rna cis-acting signals located at the ends of the viral genome. to identify cellular proteins involved in coronavirus rna synthesis, transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) genome ends, harboring essential cis-acting signals for replication, were used as baits for rna affinity protein purification. ten proteins were preferentially ... | 2009 | 19580983 |
| oral immunization of mice with recombinant lactococcus lactis expressing porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike glycoprotein. | lactococcus lactis nz9000 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization against porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection. an approximately 70 kda fragment of the n-terminal globular domain of the spike (s) protein (sn protein) from the coronavirus tgev was used as the transmissible gastroenteritis virus antigen model. recombinant l. lactis, expressing the sn protein, was constructed with the pnz8112 plasmid. expression and localization of the transcribe ... | 2009 | 19629668 |
| [porcine aminopeptidase n is a functional receptor for the pedv coronavirus]. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets that leads to great economic losses in east asia. it was reported that aminopeptidase n (apn) was the receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and feline coronavirus (fecov) which all belonged to group i coronavirus including pedv. it was also confirmed previously that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) could bind to pedv, and anti-papn antibodies could inhibit the combination ... | 2009 | 19634766 |
| a real-time taqman rt-pcr assay with an internal amplification control for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus in swine fecal samples. | a taqman probe-based real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for simultaneous detection of rna of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) in pig fecal samples and rna of enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) added exogenously as an internal amplification control. the tgev primers and probe were designed to be specific to a portion of the s gene sequence conserved in all tgev isolates, but absent in the closely related porcine respiratory coronaviruses. the optimized taqman assay detected a m ... | 2009 | 19729039 |
| antigen-capture blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a baculovirus recombinant antigen to differentiate transmissible gastroenteritis virus from porcine respiratory coronavirus antibodies. | a new commercially available antigen-capture, blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (antigen-capture b-elisa), based on baculovirus truncated-s recombinant protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and 3 specific monoclonal antibodies, was developed and evaluated by examining a panel of 453 positive porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcov), 31 positive tgev, and 126 negative field sera by using another commercially available differential coronavirus b-elisa as the reference techn ... | 2009 | 19737754 |
| an elisa based on recombinant spike protein s for the detection of antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine-like canine coronaviruses. | recombinant canine coronaviruses, resembling the transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine (tgev) in a 5' fragment of the s glycoprotein, have been detected recently and showed to be present in canine populations. the 5' fragment of the s protein (s') of a tgev-like canine coronavirus (ccov), strain 174/06, was expressed in an escherichia coli cell-free system. the purified recombinant polypeptide was employed to develop an elisa test for the detection of tgev-like ccov-specific antibodies in ... | 2010 | 19878695 |
| characterization of the cytokine and maturation responses of pure populations of porcine plasmacytoid dendritic cells to porcine viruses and toll-like receptor agonists. | plausible representatives of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) in pigs have been characterized as being cd4(hi)cd172(lo). due to their paucity in blood, we utilized novel fluorescent-activated cell sorting procedures to isolate them from pbmc. the resultant subset was greater than 98% homogeneous in regards to the selected phenotype and contained the preponderance of individuals secreting ifn-alpha after exposure to a known stimulant, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in addition to ... | 2010 | 19939462 |
| coronavirus nucleocapsid protein facilitates template switching and is required for efficient transcription. | purified nucleocapsid protein (n protein) from transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) enhanced hammerhead ribozyme self-cleavage and favored nucleic acid annealing, properties that define rna chaperones, as previously reported. several tgev n-protein deletion mutants were expressed in escherichia coli and purified, and their rna binding ability and rna chaperone activity were evaluated. the smallest n-protein domain analyzed with rna chaperone activity, facilitating dna and rna annealing, co ... | 2010 | 19955314 |
| comprehensive detection and identification of seven animal coronaviruses and human respiratory coronavirus 229e with a microarray hybridization assay. | based on microarray hybridization, a diagnostic test for coronavirus infection was developed using eight coronavirus strains: canine coronavirus (ccov), feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), feline coronavirus (fcov), bovine coronavirus (bcov), porcine respiratory coronavirus (prcov), turkey enteritis coronavirus (tcov), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and human respiratory coronavirus (hrcov). up to 104 cdna clones of eight viruses were obtained by reverse transcription pcr wi ... | 2010 | 19955814 |
| porcine flt3 ligand and its receptor: generation of dendritic cells and identification of a new marker for porcine dendritic cells. | based on the known importance of flt3 ligand (flt3l) for the development of mouse dendritic cells (dcs), the present study compared the phenotype and function of dc derived from porcine bone marrow haematopoietic cells using either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or flt3l (gmcsf-dc and flt3l-dc, respectively). to this end, porcine flt3l was cloned resulting in the identification of three isoforms of flt3l. compared to gmcsf-dc which were uniformly cd14(+), flt3l-dc had a more di ... | 2010 | 20015454 |
| recombinant canine coronaviruses in dogs, europe. | coronaviruses of potential recombinant origin with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), referred to as a new subtype (iib) of canine coronavirus (ccov), were recently identified in dogs in europe. to assess the distribution of the tgev-like ccov subtype, during 2001-2008 we tested fecal samples from dogs with gastroenteritis. of 1,172 samples, 493 (42.06%) were positive for ccov. ccov-ii was found in 218 samples, and ccov-i and ccov-ii genotypes were found in 182. approximately 20 ... | 2010 | 20031041 |
| contribution of the porcine aminopeptidase n (cd13) receptor density to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belong to group 1 coronaviruses, are important viral pathogens in pigs causing lethal diarrhea. as with the other members in the group 1, theses viruses are also known to use the host aminopeptidase n (apn) as the major receptor for cell entry. remarkably, it was found that they utilize distinct cultured cell lines for in vitro virus propagation, since pedv could not be replicated in swine testis (st) ce ... | 2010 | 20074871 |
| inhibition of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) replication in mini-pigs by shrna. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), characterized by high mortality and severely retarded growth in piglets that dramatically affects the porcine industry. previously, we have identified two shrna-expressing plasmids pegfp-u6/p1 and pegfp-u6/p2 that target rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene of tgev with more than 95% of virus inhibition in vitro. in this study, inhibition of the tgev replication by pegfp-u6/p1 an ... | 2010 | 20080134 |
| lactic acid bacteria efficiently protect human and animal intestinal epithelial and immune cells from enteric virus infection. | this study aimed to examine the potential antiviral activity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) using animal and human intestinal and macrophage cell line models of non tumor origin. to this end, lab strains selected on the basis of previous in vitro trials were co-incubated with cell line monolayers, which were subsequently challenged with rotavirus (rv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). in order to elucidate the possible mechanism responsible for the antiviral activity, the induction ... | 2010 | 20106541 |
| multiplex nested rt-pcr for the detection of porcine enteric viruses. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prv-a) are major viruses causing enteric diseases of piglets. a multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex nested rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of these viruses in field samples from piglets with diarrhea. a mixture of (1) three external pairs of primers, yielding in the amplification step two different amplicons with sizes of 950 bp and 31 ... | 2010 | 20170679 |
| analysis of the gene 3 region sequences of chinese field strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | the genome of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) displays genetic diversity especially in gene 3 region. sequence and comparative analysis of 3a and 3b genes of eight chinese field strains with reference tgev strains indicated that these strains shared 87.0-100% and 51.5%-100% identities at the nucleotide level, respectively, and 86.1%-100% and 66.2%-100% identities at the amino acid level, respectively. moreover, in one of the strains (ch/sdq/08), a 51 nt deletion in the gene 3 region w ... | 2010 | 20201616 |
| prevalence of antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus among pigs in six regions in japan. | a total of 2,703 pig sera from 171 farms in six regions in japan were screened for virus-neutralizing (vn) antibody against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). although none of the farms had clinical signs of transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) or vaccination against tgev, vn antibody was detected in 14.4% of sera at 30 farms (17.5%) across all six regions. on testing of 263 vn antibody-positive sera from 27 farms with a commercial blocking elisa to distinguish tgev and porcine respirato ... | 2010 | 20215723 |
| effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces. | assessment of the risks posed by severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) on surfaces requires data on survival of this virus on environmental surfaces and on how survival is affected by environmental variables, such as air temperature (at) and relative humidity (rh). the use of surrogate viruses has the potential to overcome the challenges of working with sars-cov and to increase the available data on coronavirus survival on surfaces. two potential surrogates were evaluat ... | 2010 | 20228108 |
| molecular characterization of a chinese vaccine strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus: mutations that may contribute to attenuation. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), the etiological agent of transmissible gastroenteritis (tge), is the major cause of viral enteritis and fetal diarrhea in swine neonates, resulting in significant economic losses to the swine industry. the chinese vaccine strain h165 of tgev was derived from a virulent field strain h16 by serial passage in vitro. strain h165 has been proven to be safe in piglets and pregnant sows and displays efficacy against tgev infection. in this study, we report th ... | 2010 | 20229183 |
| coronavirus survival on healthcare personal protective equipment. | | 2010 | 20350196 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| rapid differentiation of vaccine strain and chinese field strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the n gene. | a strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), designated h16, was isolated in pk-15 cells and passaged serially to level 165. vaccines based on passages 155-165 in cell cultures are available commercially as vaccines for the prevention and control of infections with tgev in china. nucleoprotein (n) sequences of the virus at passages 155 and 165 were aligned and compared using a computer software program. the suitability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis for di ... | 2010 | 20414714 |
| live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interferon-alpha has antiviral activity and alleviates clinical signs induced by infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets. | enhancing innate and acquired immunity by cytokines such as ifn-alpha appears to be useful as a first line of defense against viral infection. however, the practical use of cytokines in livestock is not evident due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. in this study, we tested the efficacy of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium designed to secrete swine ifn-alpha (swifn-alpha) protein for preventing the clinical signs caused by infection with tran ... | 2010 | 20488264 |
| detection and genotyping of canine coronavirus rna in diarrheic dogs in japan. | to clarify the prevalence of canine coronavirus (ccov) infection in japan, faecal samples from 109 dogs with diarrhoea were examined for ccov rna together with canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) dna. the detection rates of ccov and cpv-2 for dogs aged less than 1 year were 66.3% and 43.8%, while those for dogs aged 1 year or older were 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, which were significantly different (p<0.0001 and p=0.0003, respectively), indicating not cpv-2 but ccov is an important diarrhoea-caus ... | 2011 | 20557915 |
| vectored vaccines to protect against prrsv. | prrsv is the causative agent of the most important infectious disease affecting swine herds worldwide, producing great economic losses. commercially available vaccines are only partially effective in protection against prrsv. moreover, modified live vaccines may allow virus shedding, and could revert generating virulent phenotypes. therefore, new efficient vaccines are required. vaccines based on recombinant virus genomes (virus vectored vaccines) against prrsv could represent a safe alternative ... | 2010 | 20600388 |
| putative probiotic lactobacillus spp. from porcine gastrointestinal tract inhibit transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus and enteric bacterial pathogens. | a total of 310 bacterial strains isolated from the porcine gastrointestinal tract were tested for their activity against transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) coronavirus and other enteric pathogens. based on activity, the strains probio-38 and probio-37 were selected as potential probiotics and identified as lactobacillus plantarum probio-38 and lactobacillus salivarius probio-37 respectively by 16s rrna gene sequencing. supernatants of these strains inhibited tge coronavirus in vitro in st cells ... | 2010 | 20623187 |
| binding characterization of determinants in porcine aminopeptidase n, the cellular receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | four truncated porcine aminopeptidase n (papn, a cellular receptor for porcine coronaviruses) proteins were expressed in prokaryotic cells. the recognizing of a specific serum against papn to these proteins was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting. the binding ability of the proteins to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus, was analyzed by elisa. the inhibitory effect of these proteins to cell infection by tgev was analyzed usi ... | 2010 | 20643168 |
| papain-like protease 1 from transmissible gastroenteritis virus: crystal structure and enzymatic activity toward viral and cellular substrates. | coronaviruses encode two classes of cysteine proteases, which have narrow substrate specificities and either a chymotrypsin- or papain-like fold. these enzymes mediate the processing of the two precursor polyproteins of the viral replicase and are also thought to modulate host cell functions to facilitate infection. the papain-like protease 1 (pl1(pro)) domain is present in nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3) of alphacoronaviruses and subgroup 2a betacoronaviruses. it participates in the proteolytic ... | 2010 | 20668092 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a member of coronaviruses. the viral spike (s) protein mediates the interaction between tgev and its susceptible cells. here, we expressed a truncated gene encoding the n terminal half of tgev s gene (designated s1 gene) in a prokaryotic system. the resulting s1 protein was used to immunize balb/c mice followed by the generation of a monoclonal antibody (mab). a generated mab (7f9) was identified by elisa and the chromosome number of the hybridoma ce ... | 2010 | 20715993 |
| identification of phenanthroindolizines and phenanthroquinolizidines as novel potent anti-coronaviral agents for porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus and human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the discovery and development of new, highly potent anti-coronavirus agents and effective approaches for controlling the potential emergence of epidemic coronaviruses still remains an important mission. here, we identified tylophorine compounds, including naturally occurring and synthetic phenanthroindolizidines and phenanthroquinolizidines, as potent in vitro inhibitors of enteropathogenic coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the potent compounds showed 50% maximal effective ... | 2010 | 20727913 |
| detection of swine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a conserved nucleic acid fragment of the nucleocapsid gene of swine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) was chosen as the target, six special primers were designed successfully. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) was developed to detect the tgev by incubation at 60°c for 1 h and the product specificity was confirmed by hphi digestion. standard curves with high accuracy for tgev quantization was constructed by adding 1 × sybr greeni in the lamp reaction. the assay establis ... | 2010 | 20799985 |
| development of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus m protein-based elisa for virus detection. | a membrane (m), protein-based elisa was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the m gene of pedv was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant m protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate a polyclonal antibody. immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the anti-pedv-m antibody reacted with pedv-infected cells. the antibody was utilized to develop an indirect elisa to detect pedv. other viruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, avian in ... | 2010 | 20882317 |
| cholesterol is important for a post-adsorption step in the entry process of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | cholesterol is a major constituent of detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (drms). we localized transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) spike (s) protein in drms in the viral envelope. though s protein was not solubilized by cold non-ionic detergents, this behavior was unchanged when cholesterol was depleted from viral membrane by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (mβcd) and the protein did not comigrate with cellular drm marker proteins in flotation analyses. therefore, the s protein is not anchore ... | 2010 | 20951168 |
| complete genomic sequence of transmissible gastroenteritis virus ts and 3' end sequence characterization following cell culture. | the complete genome sequence of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) strain ts, previously isolated from gansu province, was cloned and compared with published sequence data from other tgev strains. phylogenetic tree analysis based on the amino acid and nucleotide sequences of the s gene showed that the tgev strains were divided into 3 clusters. tgev ts showed a close evolutionary relationship to the american miller cluster but had a 5' non-translated region (ntr) sequence closely related ... | 2010 | 20960296 |
| alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 protein suppresses protein translation in mammalian cells and in cell-free hela cell extracts but not in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. | the nsp1 protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), an alphacoronavirus, efficiently suppressed protein synthesis in mammalian cells. unlike the nsp1 protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a betacoronavirus, the tgev nsp1 protein was unable to bind 40s ribosomal subunits or promote host mrna degradation. tgev nsp1 also suppressed protein translation in cell-free hela cell extract; however, it did not affect translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl). our data ... | 2010 | 21047955 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus spike protein. | a truncated gene (designated s1) encoding the receptor-binding domain (rbd) in the spike (s) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (sars-cov) was amplified by pcr. the gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pgex-6p-1, resulting in a recombinant plasmid pgex-sars-s1. subsequently, pgex-sars-s1 was transformed into host cells bl21(de3)plyss, and the expression of the s1 protein was induced by isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside (iptg). polyclonal antibody agains ... | 2010 | 21087096 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev)-based vectors with engineered murine tropism express the rotavirus vp7 protein and immunize mice against rotavirus. | a coronavirus vector based on the genome of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) expressing the rotavirus vp7 protein was constructed to immunize and protect against rotavirus infections in a murine model. the tropism of this tgev-derived vector was modified by replacing the spike s protein with the homologous protein from mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). the rotavirus gene encoding the vp7 protein was cloned into the coronavirus cdna. balb/c and stat1-deficient mice were inoculate ... | 2010 | 21094967 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, and sensitive detection methods are required for preventing the disease. in this article, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect tgev. three pairs of primers targeting the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tgev were synthesized and used in the rt-lamp. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were evaluated. our results sh ... | 2010 | 21127872 |
| porcine kobuvirus from pig stool in korea. | to survey for porcine kobuvirus infection, a total of 119 pig fecal samples in korea were collected from three pig farms with good breeding facilities in three provinces. forty-three (36.1%) of the fecal samples tested were positive for porcine kobuvirus. in addition, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infections were not identified in any of the fecal samples, but porcine group a rotavirus (gar) infection was identified in 11.8% (14/119) of the ... | 2010 | 21161358 |
| phage displayed peptides recognizing porcine aminopeptidase n inhibit transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus infection in vitro. | porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) is a cellular receptor of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus. interaction between the spike (s) protein of tgev and papn initiates cell infection. small molecules, especially peptides are an expanding area for therapy or diagnostic assays for viral diseases. here, the peptides capable of binding the papn were, for the first time, identified by biopanning using a random 12-mer peptide library to the immobilized protein. three chemical ... | 2010 | 21176936 |
| molecular study of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus after serial animal passages revealed point mutations in s protein. | porcine respiratory coronavirus is related genetically to porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus with a large deletion in s protein. the respiratory virus is a mutated form that may be a consequence of the gastroenteritis virus's evolution. intensive passages of the virus in its natural host may enhance the appearance of mutations and therefore may contribute to any attenuated form of the virus. the objective of this study was to characterize the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus ... | 2010 | 21188626 |
| north american porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses inhibit type i interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | although enveloped viruses typically trigger the prodigious secretion of alpha interferon (ifn-α) by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc), porcine pdc remain quiescent when exposed to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). this inactivity is likely due to virus-mediated interference since the typical ifn-α response by either purified or nonsorted porcine pdc to transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) or the toll-like receptor 9 agonist, oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) d19, was ... | 2010 | 21191013 |
| characterization and utility of monoclonal antibodies against spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | this work aims to characterize the utility of four newly generated monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). | 2011 | 21223341 |
| antigenic modules in the n-terminal s1 region of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike protein. | the n-terminal s1 region of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) spike (s) glycoprotein contains four antigenic sites (c, b, d and a, from the n- to the c-terminal end) and is engaged in host-cell receptor recognition. the most n-terminal portion of the s1 region, which comprises antigenic sites c and b, is needed for the enteric tropism of tgev, whereas the major antigenic site a at the c-terminal moiety is required for both respiratory and enteric cell tropism, and is engaged in reco ... | 2011 | 21228126 |
| inactivation of surrogate coronaviruses on hard surfaces by health care germicides. | in the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, finding viral nucleic acids on hospital surfaces suggested surfaces could play a role in spread in health care environments. surface disinfection may interrupt transmission, but few data exist on the effectiveness of health care germicides against coronaviruses on surfaces. | 2011 | 21256627 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy in dogs of an mf59™-adjuvanted vaccine against recombinant canine/porcine coronavirus. | recently, canine coronavirus (ccov) strains with putative recombinant origin with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were shown to be widespread in europe. in this study, a killed vaccine against tgev-like ccov strains, included in the new subtype ccov-iib, was developed through inactivation with betapropiolactone and emulsification with mf59™ adjuvant. safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of the developed vaccine were evaluated in vivo. five 10-week-old beagle pups were administe ... | 2011 | 21272607 |
| development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ... | 2011 | 21286798 |
| structure and functional relevance of a transcription-regulating sequence involved in coronavirus discontinuous rna synthesis. | transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (tgev) genomic rna transcription generates 5'- and 3'-coterminal subgenomic mrnas. this process involves a discontinuous step during the synthesis of minus-sense rna that is modulated by transcription-regulating sequences located at the 3' end of the leader (trs-l) and also preceding each viral gene (trs-bs). trss include a highly conserved core sequence (cs) (5'-cuaaac-3') and variable flanking sequences. it has been previously proposed that trs-bs act ... | 2011 | 21389138 |
| the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein affects coronavirus rna accumulation levels and relocalizes viral rnas to novel cytoplasmic domains different from replication-transcription sites. | the coronavirus (cov) discontinuous transcription mechanism is driven by long-distance rna-rna interactions between transcription-regulating sequences (trss) located at the 5' terminal leader (trs-l) and also preceding each mrna-coding sequence (trs-b). the contribution of host cell proteins to cov transcription needs additional information. polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) was reproducibly identified in association with positive-sense rnas of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus ... | 2011 | 21411518 |
| establishment of a stable cho cell line with high level expression of recombinant porcine ifn-ß. | a cho cell clone (cho-poifn-ß) with stable porcine ifn-ß expression under control of cmv promoter was selected under g418 pressure. in a 25cm(2) cell culture flask (5 ml culture medium), the cumulative protein yield of recombinant poifn-ß reached 2.3×10(6) iu/ml. this cells clone maintained stable expression for at least 20 generations even in the absence of g418 selection pressure. the expressed recombinant poifn-ß could induce the expression of porcine mx protein in pk15 cells, and activate th ... | 2011 | 21459017 |
| isolation, tissue distribution and molecular characterization of two recombinant canine coronavirus strains. | canine coronavirus (ccov) is an enveloped rna virus, responsible for gastrointestinal infection in dogs. to date, two different ccov genotypes have been recognized, ccov type i and ccov type ii. recently, ccov type ii strains of potential recombinant origin with transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) were detected and characterized as a new subtype (ccov-iib) of canine coronavirus, in order to be differentiated from the "classical" ccov type ii strains (ccov-iia). in the present study, two c ... | 2011 | 21481551 |
| immunogenic characterization and epitope mapping of transmissible gastroenteritis virus rna dependent rna polymerase. | coronavirus rna synthesis is a sophisticated process performed by a viral multienzymatic replicase complex, together with cellular factors. a key enzyme of this replication complex is the rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). to study the replication of coronavirus genome, six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) rdrp were generated and characterized. his-tagged rdrp was expressed in baculovirus, purified and used as immunogen to produce mabs. the t ... | 2011 | 21513742 |
| construction and characterization of lactobacillus pentosus expressing the d antigenic site of the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | this study explored the feasibility of lactobacillus pentosus as a live vehicle to deliver and express antigen. first of all, l. pentosus transformed by electroporation with the plasmids pg611-6d (anchored) and pg612-6d (secretory) based on the xylose operon generated the recombinant strains rlppg611-6d and rlppg612-6d, respectively, expressing the d antigenic site of the spike (s) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), for intragastric administration in mice. secondly, we collec ... | 2011 | 21529121 |
| differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n protein using a virus-based elisa. | the bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) was used as immunogen to generate a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody. the immunoreactivity of the protein to the antibody was confirmed by western blot analysis. using prrsv, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus as coating antigens, a virus-based elisa was established. the polyclonal antibody ... | 2011 | 21529294 |
| action mechanisms of lithium chloride on cell infection by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is a porcine coronavirus. lithium chloride (licl) has been found to be effective against several dna viruses, such as herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus. recently, we and others have reported the inhibitory effect of licl on avian infectious bronchitis coronavirus (ibv) infection, an rna virus. in the current study, the action mechanism of licl on cell infection by tgev was investigated. plaque assays and 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phe ... | 2011 | 21573100 |
| gene n proximal and distal rna motifs regulate coronavirus nucleocapsid mrna transcription. | coronavirus subgenomic mrna (sgmrna) transcription requires a discontinuous rna synthesis mechanism driven by the transcription-regulating sequences (trss), located at the 3' end of the genomic leader (trs-l) and also preceding each gene (trs-b). in transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), the free energy of trs-l and ctrs-b (complement of trs-b) duplex formation is one of the factors regulating the transcription of sgmrnas. in addition, n gene sgmrna transcription is controlled by a transcri ... | 2011 | 21715479 |
| enhanced protection against infection with transmissible gastroenteritis virus in piglets by oral co-administration of live attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressing swine interferon-+¦ and interleukin-18. | the enhanced effect of cytokine combinations has been assessed empirically, based on their immunobiological mechanisms. however, far less is known of the enhanced protection of practical cytokine combinations against viral infection in the livestock industry, due to cost and production issues associated with mass administration. this study demonstrates the enhanced protection of oral co-administration of swine interferon-+¦ (swifn-+¦) and interleukin-18 (swil-18) against infection with transmiss ... | 2011 | 21719106 |
| coronavirus gene 7 counteracts host defenses and modulates virus virulence. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) genome contains three accessory genes: 3a, 3b and 7. gene 7 is only present in members of coronavirus genus a1, and encodes a hydrophobic protein of 78 aa. to study gene 7 function, a recombinant tgev virus lacking gene 7 was engineered (rtgev-+ö7). both the mutant and the parental (rtgev-wt) viruses showed the same growth and viral rna accumulation kinetics in tissue cultures. nevertheless, cells infected with rtgev-+ö7 virus showed an increased cytopa ... | 2011 | 21695242 |
| bacterial expression of antigenic sites a and d in the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus and evaluation of their inhibitory effects on viral infection. | the spike (s) protein is a key structural protein of coronaviruses including, the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). the s protein is a type i membrane glycoprotein located in the viral envelope and is responsible for mediating the binding of viral particles to specific cell receptors and therefore specific cell types. it is also an important immune target for the host in neutralizing the virus. four antigenic sites a, b, c, and d that reside near the n-terminal domain have been ... | 2011 | 21701858 |
| The sialic acid binding activity of the S protein facilitates infection by porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus. | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has a sialic acid binding activity that is believed to be important for enteropathogenicity, but that has so far appeared to be dispensable for infection of cultured cells. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of sialic acid binding for the infection of cultured cells under unfavorable conditions, and comparison of TGEV strains and mutants, as well as the avian coronavirus IBV concerning their dependence on the sialic acid binding activit ... | 2011 | 21910859 |
| virus-binding activity of the truncated c subunit of porcine aminopeptidase n expressed in escherichia coli. | seven overlapping truncated forms of the c subunit of porcine aminopeptidase n (papn-c) were expressed in escherichia coli. by western blotting and elisa test, all recombinant proteins were recognized by the antibody against native porcine aminopeptidase n. recombinant proteins, rpapn-c2 (aa 623-722) and rpapn-c3 (aa 673-772), had the highest binding activity with swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus among the truncated papn-c recombinant proteins. the overlapping region (aa 673-722) betwee ... | 2011 | 22083718 |
| transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus rna-dependent rna polymerase and nonstructural proteins 2, 3, and 8 are incorporated into viral particles. | coronavirus replication and transcription are processes mediated by a protein complex, with the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) as a main component. proteomic analysis of highly purified transmissible gastroenteritis virus showed the rdrp to be a component of the viral particles. this finding was confirmed by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy analyses. interestingly, the replicase nonstructural proteins 2, 3, and 8 colocalized with the rdrp in the viral fact ... | 2012 | 22090122 |
| prevalence of antibodies to selected viral pathogens in wild boars (sus scrofa) in croatia in 2005-06 and 2009-10. | we determined prevalence of antibody to selected viral pathogens important for domestic pigs and livestock in 556 wild boar (sus scrofa) sera collected during 2005-06 and 2009-10 in four counties in croatia. these counties account for an important part of the croatian commercial pig production and have a high density of wild boars. samples were tested for antibodies to porcine parvovirus (ppv), aujeszky's disease virus (adv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), swine influenza virus, porcine respi ... | 2012 | 22247381 |
| immunostimulatory effect of gold nanoparticles conjugated with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | animals were immunized with transmissible gastroenteritis virus conjugated with gold nanoparticles. the resultant antibodies had a higher titer than antibodies produced in response to native virus. immunization with the antigen-colloidal gold complex led to a significant increase of the peritoneal macrophages respiratory activity and of plasma ifn-γ level in immunized animals. | 2011 | 22448360 |
| diagnostic investigation of porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome: lack of compelling evidence linking to common porcine pathogens. | porcine periweaning failure-to-thrive syndrome (pfts), an increasingly recognized syndrome in the swine industry of north america, is characterized by the anorexia of nursery pigs noticeable within 1 week of weaning, and progressive loss of body condition and lethargy during the next 1-2 weeks. morbidity caused by pfts is moderate, but case fatality is high. the etiology of pfts is presently unknown and may include infectious agent(s), noninfectious factors, or both. pfts was identified in a hig ... | 2011 | 22362939 |
| [development of a nested polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs]. | the aim of this study was to develop a nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr) for the rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) of pigs. the primers were designed on the basis of highly conserved regions of several tgev sequences included in the analysis. external primers were used to amplify a fragment of the expected size (441 bp) in all the samples evaluated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), but with very low intensity. in the second am ... | 2012 | 23520755 |
| structure of alphacoronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus nsp1 has implications for coronavirus nsp1 function and evolution. | coronavirus nsp1 has been shown to induce suppression of host gene expression and to interfere with the host immune response. however, the mechanism is currently unknown. the only available structural information on coronavirus nsp1 is the nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) structure of the n-terminal domain of nsp1 from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) from the betacoronavirus genus. here we present the first nsp1 structure from an alphacoronavirus, transmissible gastroent ... | 2012 | 23269811 |
| structural bases of coronavirus attachment to host aminopeptidase n and its inhibition by neutralizing antibodies. | the coronaviruses (covs) are enveloped viruses of animals and humans associated mostly with enteric and respiratory diseases, such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome and 10-20% of all common colds. a subset of covs uses the cell surface aminopeptidase n (apn), a membrane-bound metalloprotease, as a cell entry receptor. in these viruses, the envelope spike glycoprotein (s) mediates the attachment of the virus particles to apn and subsequent cell entry, which can be blocked by neutralizing a ... | 2012 | 22876187 |
| mutagenesis of coronavirus nsp14 reveals its potential role in modulation of the innate immune response. | coronavirus (cov) nonstructural protein 14 (nsp14) is a 60-kda protein encoded by the replicase gene that is part of the replication-transcription complex. it is a bifunctional enzyme bearing 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (exon) and guanine-n7-methyltransferase (n7-mtase) activities. exon hydrolyzes single-stranded rnas and double-stranded rnas (dsrnas) and is part of a proofreading system responsible for the high fidelity of cov replication. nsp14 n7-mtase activity is required for viral mrna cap syn ... | 2016 | 27009949 |
| autophagy negatively regulates transmissible gastroenteritis virus replication. | autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient pathway that has been shown to be important in the innate immune defense against several viruses. however, little is known about the regulatory role of autophagy in transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) replication. in this study, we found that tgev infection increased the number of autophagosome-like double- and single-membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm of host cells, a phenomenon that is known to be related to autophagy. in addition, virus replicatio ... | 2016 | 27029407 |
| prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in korea. | in 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast south korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies ... | 2013 | 23892461 |
| the porcine microrna transcriptome response to transmissible gastroenteritis virus infection. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev; coronaviridae family) causes huge economic losses to the swine industry. micrornas (mirnas) play a regulatory role in viral infection and may be involved in the mammalian immune response. here, we report a comprehensive analysis of host mirna expression in tgev-infected swine testis (st) cells. deep sequencing generated 3,704,353 and 2,763,665 reads from uninfected st cells and infected st cells, respectively. the reads were aligned to known sus scrofa ... | 2015 | 25781021 |