| cerebral segmental polyarteritis of unknown aetiology in sheep. | vasculitis affecting the meningeal elastic arteries was identified in six sheep of various breeds during routine diagnostic investigation. the lesions consisted of multifocal intimal proliferation, thickening of the tunica media, multifocal infiltration of the media by inflammatory cells and more extensive perivascular accumulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells within the tunica adventitia. fibrinoid necrosis affected an intergyral artery in one sheep. immunohistochemistry failed to demonstrat ... | 2009 | 19298970 |
| virus recovery and full-length sequence analysis of atypical bovine pestivirus th/04_khonkaen. | phylogenetic analysis of recently identified "atypical" bovine pestiviruses, performed based on different gene regions, has revealed unclear relationships with other established species, therefore, their phylogenetic position could not be determined so far. in this study, the atypical pestivirus th/04_khonkaen was recovered from serum of a naturally infected calf and the complete genome sequence was determined and analysed, as means to define its position. the viral genome is 12,337 nucleotides ... | 2009 | 19349128 |
| a pyrazolotriazolopyrimidinamine inhibitor of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase. | [7-[3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propyl]-2-(2-furyl)-7h-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-amine] (lz37) was identified as a selective inhibitor of in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) replication. the ec(50) values for inhibition of bvdv-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) formation, viral rna synthesis and production of infectious virus were 4.3+/-0.7microm, 12.9+/-1microm and 5.8+/-0.6microm, respectively. lz37 proved inactive against the hepatitis c virus and the flavivirus yello ... | 2009 | 19428605 |
| infectivity of pestivirus following persistence of acute infection. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an endemic pathogen worldwide and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected (pi) animals arising after in utero infection. despite this, acute infections with bvdv can persist for months or years after the removal of the pi source despite repeated screening for pis and tight biosecurity measures. recent evidence for a prolonged duration of viraemia in the testicles of bulls following acute bvdv infection suggest ... | 2009 | 19443139 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses in small ruminants in the netherlands. | in this study, a serological survey was performed to determine the prevalence of pestivirus (bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv)) infected small ruminants herds in the netherlands. after random selection of sheep farms, a sample size was determined to detect a 5% herd prevalence. 13 out of 29 farms were tested seropositive using an elisa which detects antibodies directed against the non structural protein 3 (ns3) of pestiviruses. this resulted in a seroprevalence fo ... | 2009 | 19480144 |
| first report of bvdv circulation in sheep in argentina. | pestiviruses are capable of infecting a wide range of animals within the order artyodactila. currently, the genus pestivirus includes bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). bvdv-1, bvdv-2 and bdv are able to cross species barrier to infect a wide range of hosts, whereas csfv is restricted to domestic pigs and wild boars. in argentina, 70% of cattle are seropositive to bvdv. although there were some serological st ... | 2009 | 19501923 |
| a short target real-time rt-pcr assay for detection of pestiviruses infecting cattle. | a rapid single step real-time duplex taqman rt-pcr was developed for detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)-1, bvdv-2 and border disease virus (bdv). based on alignment of available and newly generated partial 5'-utr nucleotide sequences, one forward and two reverse primers were designed, which amplify a 104bp pcr product. two taqman probes labelled with different fluorochromes were designed to detect bvdv-1/bvdv-2 and bdvs, respectively. the assay was able to detect a selection of str ... | 2009 | 19523981 |
| maximum likelihood and bayesian analyses of a combined nucleotide sequence dataset for genetic characterization of a novel pestivirus, sva/cont-08. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2) are two recognised bovine pestivirus species of the genus pestivirus. recently, a pestivirus, termed sva/cont-08, was detected in a batch of contaminated foetal calf serum originating from south america. comparative sequence analysis showed that the sva/cont-08 virus shares 15-28% higher sequence identity to pestivirus d32/00_'hobi' than to members of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2. in order to reveal the phylogenetic relatio ... | 2009 | 19526350 |
| zinc binding in pestivirus n(pro) is required for interferon regulatory factor 3 interaction and degradation. | pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus (csfv), use the viral protein n(pro) to subvert host cell antiviral responses. n(pro) is the first protein encoded by the single large open reading frame of the pestivirus positive-sense rna genome and has an autoproteolytic activity, cleaving itself off from the polyprotein. n(pro) also targets interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), a transcription factor for alpha/beta interferon genes, and promotes its proteasom ... | 2009 | 19540847 |
| congenital tremor and hypomyelination associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus in 23 british cattle herds. | this paper presents data from 23 british herds investigated between 1991 and 2007 where neurological disease in calves was caused by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection. a variety of clinical signs, most commonly tremor or trembling, were apparent in the calves from birth, and most were recumbent or unable to stand unsupported. severe diffuse neuraxial hypomyelination was present in all of the calves, and immunohistochemistry revealed cerebral neuronal labelling consistent with congeni ... | 2009 | 19542551 |
| new insights into processing of bovine viral diarrhea virus glycoproteins e(rns) and e1. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. its single-stranded rna encodes a polyprotein that is cleaved co- and post-translationally by viral and cellular proteases. however, the cleavage between the envelope proteins e(rns) and e1 is still unexplained. in this study, an e(rns)-e1 protein could be identified and characterized with a new e1-specific antiserum. with bicistronic constructs bearing a deletion in the e(rns)-encoding region ... | 2009 | 19553392 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the rapid and differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and other pestivirus infections. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease causing severe economic losses in pig production almost worldwide. all pestivirus species can infect pigs, therefore accurate and rapid pestivirus detection and differentiation is of great importance to assure control measures in swine farming. here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel multiplex, highly sensitive and specific rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation between csfv and other pestiviru ... | 2009 | 19577384 |
| the reduction of csfv transmission to untreated pigs by the pestivirus inhibitor bpip: a proof of concept. | 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip) is a representative molecule of a novel class of highly active in vitro inhibitors of the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv). we recently demonstrated in a proof of concept study that the molecule has a marked effect on viral replication in csfv-infected pigs. here, the effect of antiviral treatment on virus transmission to untreated sentinel pigs was studied. therefore, bpip-treated pigs (n=4), intra-muscularly i ... | 2009 | 19592179 |
| experimental infection of white-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus virginianus) with bovine viral diarrhea virus type-1 isolated from free-ranging white-tailed deer. | the objective of the current study was to elucidate the within-host dynamics of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type-1 infection to better understand how this virus could be maintained in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus, wtd) populations. the bvdv type-1 used in this study was originally isolated from a free-ranging wtd in indiana. four fawns were intranasally inoculated with 2 ml bvdv type-1 strain 544 wtd at a 10(6) tissue culture infectious dose (tcid(50))/ml. two fawns were inoc ... | 2009 | 19617475 |
| in vitro amplification of bvdv field strains isolated in argentina: effect of cell line and culture conditions. | the aim of this work was to study the in vitro amplification of bvdv (pestivirus, flaviridae) field isolates from argentina in mdbk, botur and bhk-21 continuous cell lines. field isolates 99/134 (mucosal disease), 00/693 (mucosal disease), 04p7016 (respiratory disease) and 04/89 (mucosal disease), genotype 1b, were used and compared with the singer and nadl reference strains, genotype 1a. additionally, cell lines derived from explants of bovine testis (rd-420), bovine uterus (ncl-1) and porcine ... | 2009 | 19623896 |
| mucosal lesions in a sheep infected with the border disease virus (bdv). | a 28-week-old sheep was presented at the animal hospital because of chronic emaciation, anemia and slight diarrhea. due to poor general condition and bad prognosis the animal was euthanized and submitted for postmortem investigation. multiple erosions and ulcerations were found in the dorsal region of the tongue, the pharynx, the hard palate, in the esophagus and the ruminal pillars. histologically, these lesions consisted of necrosuppurative inflammation. the animal was tested positive for pest ... | 2009 | 19653163 |
| modified live marker vaccine candidate cp7_e2alf provides early onset of protection against lethal challenge infection with classical swine fever virus after both intramuscular and oral immunization. | due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in european union member states. however, animals vaccinated with the conventional c-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. to ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. one promising candidate is the chimeric pestivirus cp7_e2alf. for emergency vaccination in a csf outbreak scenario, early onset of immunity is required. here, the studies ... | 2009 | 19732859 |
| a single point mutation in nonstructural protein ns2 of bovine viral diarrhea virus results in temperature-sensitive attenuation of viral cytopathogenicity. | for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), the type species of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (ncp) viruses are distinguished according to their effect on cultured cells. it has been established that cytopathogenicity of bvdv correlates with efficient production of viral nonstructural protein ns3 and with enhanced viral rna synthesis. here, we describe generation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of cp bvdv strain ... | 2009 | 19776121 |
| antigenic and genetic characterisation of border disease viruses isolated from uk cattle. | available empirical data on the natural occurrence of ruminant pestiviruses has shown that in cattle, bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is nearly exclusively found, whereas both border disease virus (bdv) and bvdv can be isolated from sheep. during routine genetic typing of pestivirus rna from uk cattle diagnosed as bvdv positive between 2006 and 2008, five samples that were classified as bdv positive yielded positive virus isolates in cell cultures. the samples originated from animals that ha ... | 2010 | 19781869 |
| expression of the ns3 protease of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus results in the induction of apoptosis but does not block activation of the beta interferon promoter. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv; genus pestivirus) can exist as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cytopathogenic (ncp). the cp form differs from ncp by the continual expression of free non-structural protein 3 (ns3). cp bvdv infection of cultured cells induces apoptosis, whereas ncp bvdv infection has been reported to block the induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta). to investigate the viral mechanisms underlying these effects, ns3 or ns2-3 proteins of ncp and cp bvdv biotypes, togeth ... | 2010 | 19793904 |
| clinical appearance and pathology of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus of different genetic subgroups. | bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) is an economically important cattle disease with a world-wide distribution that is caused by bvd virus, a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family. bvd viruses are genetically highly variable. they are classified into two genetic species (bvdv-1 and -2) that are further divided into numerous subgroups, particularly for bvdv-1. the complexity of these viruses is also reflected in their interaction with the host animals. infections are either transient or persistent and c ... | 2010 | 19819088 |
| generation of recombinant pestiviruses using a full-genome amplification strategy. | complete genome amplification of viral rna provides a new tool for the generation of modified viruses. we have recently reported a full-genome amplification strategy for recovery of pestiviruses (rasmussen et al., 2008). a full-length cdna amplicon corresponding to the border disease virus-gifhorn genome was generated by long rt-pcr and then rna transcripts derived from this amplicon were used to rescue infectious virus. here, we have now used this full-genome amplification strategy for efficien ... | 2010 | 19836906 |
| changes of immunophysiological characteristics in neonatal calves experimentally challenged with mixture of live bacteria and virus. | the aim of the present study was to define efficient immunophysiological parameters in neonatal holstein calves with an experimentally induced microbial infection. calves (n = 15) were challenged with classical swine fever virus (lom strain) and erysipelothrix insidiosa live vaccine by intravenous injection at 3 wk of age except for control calves (n = 4). the level of total serum iga was significantly increased at 14 and 19 d post-experimental challenge (dpec) compared with that in calves at -2 ... | 2009 | 19841216 |
| pestiviruses: how to outmaneuver your hosts. | heterogeneity is a hallmark that encompasses all aspects of pestiviruses, including the genetic properties, spectrum of hosts, disease signs and virulence. as an additional feature, pestiviruses are found world-wide, in both domesticated and wild animals, which indicates that these viruses are highly successful. starting with the strategy by which pestiviruses persist in their host population, we discuss the role virulence and attenuation play in viral transmission and focus on the interaction o ... | 2010 | 19846261 |
| effects of methodology and analysis strategy on robustness of pestivirus phylogeny. | phylogenetic analysis of pestiviruses is a useful tool for classifying novel pestiviruses and for revealing their phylogenetic relationships. in this study, robustness of pestivirus phylogenies has been compared by analyses of the 5'utr, and complete n(pro) and e2 gene regions separately and combined, performed by four methods: neighbour-joining (nj), maximum parsimony (mp), maximum likelihood (ml), and bayesian inference (bi). the strategy of analysing the combined sequence dataset by bi, ml, a ... | 2010 | 19850091 |
| preface. | | 2010 | 19850419 |
| matrix-assisted refolding of autoprotease fusion proteins on an ion exchange column. | refolding of proteins must be performed under very dilute conditions to overcome the competing aggregation reaction, which has a high reaction order. refolding on a chromatography column partially prevents formation of the intermediate form prone to aggregation. a chromatographic refolding procedure was developed using an autoprotease fusion protein with the mutant eddie from the n(pro) autoprotease of pestivirus. upon refolding, self-cleavage generates a target peptide with an authentic n-termi ... | 2009 | 19854445 |
| a novel combination of taqman rt-pcr and a suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus contains four recognized species: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1 and 2. all are economically important and globally distributed but classical swine fever is the most serious, concerning losses and control measures. it affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreaks of this disease in domestic pigs call for the most serious measures of disease control, including a stamping out policy in europe. since all the member ... | 2010 | 19854591 |
| evaluation of a commercial bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine in nonpregnant female alpacas (vicugna pacos). | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an emerging pathogen in alpacas and many questions still persist regarding disease mechanisms and control strategies. the purpose of this study was to evaluate a commercial bvdv vaccine for safety and efficacy in alpacas. five nonpregnant alpacas were vaccinated with a modified-live bvdv vaccine and challenged 25 days post-immunization by nasal and ocular inoculation with a bvdv type 1b strain isolated from a confirmed bvdv persistently infected alpaca. two ... | 2010 | 19857453 |
| atypical 'hobi'-like pestiviruses--recent findings and implications thereof. | in 2004, an atypical pestivirus named d32/00_'hobi', isolated from foetal calf serum (fcs) originating from brazil, was described (schirrmeier et al., 2004). a few years later, a closely related virus (th/04_khonkaen) was detected in serum from a calf in thailand, indicating that this group of atypical pestiviruses already is spread in cattle populations in various regions of the world. at the friedrich-loeffler-institute, insel riems, germany, fcs batches are regularly tested for pestivirus con ... | 2010 | 19857934 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in heterologous species. | infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are not limited to cattle, but may be detected in various species in the mammalian order artiodactyla. despite epidemiological evidence of bvdv infections in species other than cattle, current knowledge regarding the impact of bvdv on heterologous species is incomplete. in heterologous hosts, bvdv infections with clinical signs analogous to those in cattle have been described and include disease of multiple organ systems, most notably the reprod ... | 2010 | 19883524 |
| detection and quantification of pestivirus in experimentally infected pregnant ewes and their progeny. | border disease virus (bdv) causes important reproductive losses, and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected animals arising after in uterine infection. bdv infection dynamics were studied in 13 ewes experimentally infected with bdv-4 genotype at 3 phases of pregnancy [days 108 (group a), 76 (group b) and 55 (group c)] by quantification of viral rna in blood collected on days -1 to parturition using quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr). viral rn ... | 2009 | 19891772 |
| characterization of a new chimeric marker vaccine candidate with a mutated antigenic e2-epitope. | a new chimeric pestivirus "cp7_e1e2alf_tla", based on the infectious cdna of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain cp7, was constructed. the substitution of bvdv e1 and e2 with the respective proteins of classical swine fever (csf) strain alfort 187 allows an optimal heterodimerization of e1 and e2 in the chimeric virus, which is beneficial for efficient and authentic virus assembly and growth. in addition, for implementation of e2-based marker diagnostics, the previously described antigenic ... | 2010 | 19892497 |
| transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | cattle persistently infected (pi) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus in the family flaviviridae, are an important source of viral transmission to susceptible hosts. persistent bvdv infections have been identified in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), the most abundant free-ranging ruminant in north america. as pi deer shed bvdv similarly to pi cattle, maintenance of bvdv within white-tailed deer populations may be possible. to date, intraspecific transmission of bvdv ... | 2010 | 19922743 |
| entry of bovine viral diarrhea virus into ovine cells occurs through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and low ph-dependent fusion. | although mechanisms of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) entry into bovine cells have been elucidated, little is known concerning pestivirus entry and receptor usage in ovine cells. in this study, we determined the entry mechanisms of bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 in sheep fetal thymus cells. both bvdv-1 and bvdv-2 infections were inhibited completely by chlorpromazine, beta-methyl cyclodextrin, sucrose, bafilomycin a1, chloroquine, and ammonium chloride. simultaneous presence of reducing agent and low ph ... | 2010 | 19997866 |
| pestivirus infection in sheep and goats in west austria. | blood samples from 3112 sheep (185 flocks) and 1196 goats (163 flocks) from the western region of austria were tested for pestivirus-specific rna. in this area, communal alpine pasturing of sheep, cattle and goats is an important part of farming. the prevalence of sheep persistently-infected (pi) with pestivirus was 0.32% (10 animals) and the pi animals originated from five flocks (2.7% of those investigated). in goats, only one pi animal (0.08%) was detected. sequence analysis of the 5'-end unt ... | 2010 | 20042353 |
| stable recombinants of bovine viral diarrhea virus containing a hepatitis c virus insert. | here we report on a segment in the genomic 3' non-translated region (3'ntr) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) that is accessible for the insertion of foreign sequence elements such as the 5'ntr of hepatitis c virus. recombinant viruses exhibited replication kinetics similar to those of the parental strain, and characterization of rna species after several passages revealed that foreign inserts had the same genetic stability as the bvdv 3'ntr. the generation of such bvdv recombinants is relev ... | 2010 | 20053823 |
| experimental infections of the porcine foetus with bungowannah virus, a novel pestivirus. | in 2003 an outbreak of sudden deaths occurred in 2-3-week-old pigs on a piggery in new south wales, australia. there was a marked increase in the birth of stillborn pigs and preweaning losses associated with a multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis with myonecrosis. the aim of this study was to amplify any infectious agents present in field material to aid the detection and identification of the causative agent of the porcine myocarditis syndrome (pmc). foetuses were directly inoculated in utero ... | 2010 | 20079981 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of some uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars against classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus glycoproteins: e2, e(rns) (e0) and e1 are detected on the external part of viral particles and play a major role in the initial stages of viral infection. they form heterodimeric and homodimeric complexes needed to effectively infect host cells. some glycosylation inhibitors, such as tunicamycin, which act at the early stages of glycan chain processing, can influence, not only glycosylation, but also the stability of e2 and e(rns) glycoproteins, effectively inhibiting ... | 2010 | 20153775 |
| a novel hepatitis c virus p7 ion channel inhibitor, bit225, inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus in vitro and shows synergism with recombinant interferon-alpha-2b and nucleoside analogues. | the novel small molecule, bit225 (n-[5-(1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)-napthalene-2-carbonyl]-guanidine: cas no. 917909-71-8), was initially identified using a screening strategy designed to detect inhibitors of hepatitis c virus (hcv) p7 ion channel activity. here we report that bit225 has potent stand-alone antiviral activity against the hcv model pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) with an ic(50) of 314nm. combinations of bit225 with recombinant interferon alpha-2b (rifnalpha-2b) show sy ... | 2010 | 20156486 |
| cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv): emerging pestiviruses doomed to extinction. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a flaviviridae pestivirus, is arguably one of the most widespread cattle pathogens worldwide. each of its two genotypes has two biotypes, non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). only the ncp biotype of bvdv may establish persistent infection in the fetus when infecting a dam early in gestation, a time point which predates maturity of the adaptive immune system. such fetuses may develop and be born healthy but remain infected for life. due to this early initi ... | 2010 | 20197026 |
| prevalence and antigenic differences observed between bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotypes isolated from cattle in australia and feedlots in the southwestern united states. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is divided into 2 different species within the pestivirus genus, bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1) and bvdv type 2 (bvdv-2). further phylogenetic analysis has revealed subgenotype groupings within the 2 types. thus far, 12 bvdv-1 subgenotypes (a-l) and 2 bvdv-2 subgenotypes (a and b) have been identified. the purpose of the current study was to determine the prevalence of bvdv subgenotypes in the united states and australia and to determine if there are detectable antigenic ... | 2010 | 20224075 |
| testing for viral contaminants of veterinary vaccines in hungary. | the safety of veterinary vaccines is of paramount importance and it is significantly jeopardised by extraneous agents such as bacteria, mycoplasma, chlamydia and viruses. several critical steps of vaccine manufacture involve a potential risk of viral contamination. viruses, as extraneous, agents can be divided into two main groups. group 1 agents, such as pestivirus, chicken anaemia virus (cav), and egg drop syndrome virus (edsv) are well-known to manufacturers and authorities. compendial detect ... | 2010 | 20338783 |
| a preliminary study on viral decontamination of chicken serum using gamma-irradiation. | a preliminary experiment was carried out to determine whether a decontamination procedure using gamma irradiation, similar to that adopted in the european guideline for bovine serum contaminated by pestivirus, could be applied to chicken serum. chicken sera spiked with known amounts of enveloped and non-enveloped chicken viruses were gamma irradiated. the remaining live viruses were then measured by titration and the virus reduction capacity of the irradiation process was established for both en ... | 2010 | 20347330 |
| the first report on the prevalence of pestivirus infection in camels in sudan. | the role of pestivirus particularly bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in causing respiratory infections in camels was studied in four different localities in sudan. the evaluation was carried out using elisa, and positive specimens were further tested using direct fluorescent antibody technique (fat) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for confirmation. the overall detected seroprevalence of bvd in camel sera was 84.6% with the highest prevalence in western sudan (92.5% ... | 2010 | 20376559 |
| genetic variation of classical swine fever virus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions, a genetic marker in the 5' untranslated region of rna. | forty-three strains of classical swine fever (hog cholera) virus (csfv) from outbreaks in pigs in europe, asia and america, two strains from commercial csfv modified live vaccines and a strain isolated from a diseased lamb from spain were subjected to analyses of nucleotide sequence variations in the 5' terminal region of the genome. these isolates were divided into three clusters, namely: csfv-1, csfv-2, and csfv-3, based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region (ut ... | 2008 | 20405435 |
| taxonomic and epidemiological aspects of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 species through the observation of the secondary structures in the 5' genomic untranslated region. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains demonstrated in cattle, sheep and adventitious contaminants of biological products were evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr), to determine their taxonomic status. variation in conserved genomic sequences was used as a parameter for the epidemiological evaluation of the species in relation to geographic distribution, animal host and virulence ... | 2008 | 20405436 |
| a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detection of classical swine fever virus using a minor groove binding probe. | the aim of this study was to develop a one-step real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay using the minor groove binding probe (mgb rrt-pcr) for rapid and quantitative detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the method, which targets the 5'-nontranslated region (5'ntr) of the viral genome, detected all csfv isolate tested, but not heterologous pathogens. using an in vitro transcript of the 5'ntr as a quantitative standard for the csfv genome copy number, the assay ... | 2010 | 20411415 |
| evidence of a humoral immune response against the prokaryotic expressed n-terminal autoprotease (n(pro)) protein of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is an economically important pathogen of cattle and sheep belonging to the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae. although the bvdv non-structural n-terminal protease (n(pro)) acts as an interferon antagonist and subverts the host innate immunity, little is known about its immunogenicity. hence, we expressed a recombinant bvdv n(pro)-his fusion protein (28 kda) in e. coli and determined the humoral immune response generated by it in rabbits. the antigeni ... | 2010 | 20413912 |
| characteristics of the 5' untranslated region of wisent (bison bonasus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) pestivirus isolates. | the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of the pestivirus strains isolated from wisent and reindeer suffering from severe diarrhoea in the duisburg zoo in germany were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sequenced for comparison with those of other pestiviruses from cattle, sheep, goats and swine. phylogenetic trees constructed from the primary nucleotide sequences of these strains demonstrated that the 5'-utr of both the wisent and reindeer isolates were identical and s ... | 2006 | 20429058 |
| genotypes of pestivirus rna detected in anti-influenza virus vaccines for human use. | nine polyvalent human influenza virus vaccines were tested by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the presence of pestivirus rna. samples were selected from manufacturers in europe and the usa. three samples of the nine vaccines tested (33.3%) gave positive results for pestivirus rna. the 5'-untranslated genomic region sequence of the contaminant pestivirus rna was analysed based on primary nucleotide sequence homology and on secondary sequence structures characteristic ... | 2004 | 20437384 |
| characterisation of genotypes among bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 strains according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5 untranslated genomic region. | pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains from 61 isolates from cattle and sheep, and from some adventitious contaminants of biologicals, have been assessed using the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) located delin the 5' untranslated region (utr) of genomic rna. this genotyping procedure is new, simple and practical. two characteristics of the base pairings common to bvdv-2 species, a c-g or u-a pairing at the v1 locus, and ... | 2004 | 20437391 |
| experimental infection of pigs with border disease virus isolated from pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica). | between 2001 and 2007, several outbreaks of disease associated with border disease virus (bdv) infection were reported in the central pyrenees (northeast spain) and were associated with a major reduction in chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) populations. at the same time, wild boars (sus scrofa) from the same area were found to be seropositive to this pestivirus, without showing clinical signs. the present study examines the susceptibility of domestic swine and the course of the infection with a bdv ... | 2010 | 20453208 |
| [sequence analysis, expression and antigenicity detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus ns3 gene]. | in this study, we cloned the ns3 gene from bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) vedevac strain. the result showed that the average p-distance of pestivirus ns3 amino acid sequence was 0.07 and the vedevac strain was classified to bvdv type 1. using pet-30a(+) as vector and escherichia coli rosetta (de3) as host, we obtained purified recombinant ns3 protein by ni-nta affinity chromatography. western blotting analysis demonstrated that both bvdv positive serum and classical swine fever virus (csfv) ... | 2010 | 20518342 |
| [genome sequencing and analysis of the bovine viral diarrhea virus-2 strain jz05-1 isolated in china]. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the genus pestivirus, which is a widespread problem for beef and dairy herds, and has given rise to a significant loss in the livestock industry all over the world. the bvdv strain jz05-1 isolated from cattle in jilin, china generated cytopathic effect (cpe) in mdbk cells. eight overlapped gene fragments were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced, the complete genom sequence of bvdv strain jz05-1 was assembled. according to the results, the jz05-1 ge ... | 2010 | 20572347 |
| proceedings of the 7th pestivirus symposium of the european society of veterinary virology. uppsala, sweden. september 17-19, 2008. | | 2010 | 20614567 |
| complete genomic sequence of a border disease virus isolated from pyrenean chamois. | this report describes the full-length genome sequence of the pestivirus strain h2121 which was recently isolated from pyrenean chamois and typed as border disease virus (bdv) genotype 4. comparison with full-length genomic sequences of the approved pestivirus species bovine viral diarrhea virus-1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, bdv, and classical swine fever virus, the tentative species represented by strain giraffe-1, as well as the atypical pestivirus strain th/04_khonkaen confirmed that the chamois pestivi ... | 2010 | 20638945 |
| genetic and antigenic typing of border disease virus (bdv) isolates from italy reveals the existence of a novel bdv group. | border disease virus belongs to the pestivirus genus, within the family flaviviridae. genetic analysis of pestiviruses isolated from sheep in continental europe have led to the proposal that bdv isolates are segregated into at least seven clusters. in 2005 the molecular analysis of an italian caprine bdv strain provided evidence for the presence of an atypical pestivirus, which may represent the first member of a putative novel pestivirus sub-group. to further build on this study, ovine pestivir ... | 2011 | 20656426 |
| epidemiology of pestivirus infection in wild ungulates of the french south alps. | inter-species transmission is often incriminated in the epidemiology of pestivirus diseases. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pestivirus in some mountain wild ungulates and to determine their role in pestivirus transmission, as mountain pastures are a place where cohabitations between wild and domestic ungulates are particularly high. between 2003 and 2007, a longitudinal epidemiological study was carried out on hunted ungulates in the french hautes-alpes department ... | 2011 | 20709472 |
| epidemiological study of pestiviruses in south american camelids in switzerland. | in the context of the ongoing eradication campaign for bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in cattle in switzerland, the role of south american camelids (sac) as a possible virus reservoir needed to be evaluated. | 2010 | 20726946 |
| peptide affinity chromatography media that bind n(pro) fusion proteins under chaotropic conditions. | to design a generic purification platform and to combine the advantages of fusion protein technology and matrix-assisted refolding, a peptide affinity medium was developed that binds inclusion body-derived n(pro) fusion proteins under chaotropic conditions. proteins were expressed in escherichia coli using an expression system comprising the autoprotease n(pro) from pestivirus, or its engineered mutant called eddie, with c-terminally linked target proteins. upon refolding, the autoprotease becam ... | 2010 | 20800233 |
| what is known about the antiviral agents active against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)? | viruses belonging to the flaviviridae family cause clinically significant diseases in humans and animals. this family includes three genera: pestivirus [including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)], flavivirus [including yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue virus, and west nile virus (wnv)], and hepacivirus [including hepatitis c virus (hcv)]. bvdv is responsible for major losses in cattle, causing a range of clinical manifestations, and is also a problematic contaminant in the laboratory. noncytop ... | 2010 | 20858174 |
| investigation of a pig herd with animals seropositive for classical swine fever and where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. | aim: to investigate the cause of classical swine fever (csf) virus-seropositive animals in a nucleus pig-breeding herd in new zealand, where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. case history and clinical findings: an exotic disease investigation was undertaken to exclude csf and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) on a nucleus pig-breeding herd comprising approximately 300 breeding sows, 1,000 weaners, and 650 grower pigs. the herd was experiencing poor repr ... | 2010 | 20927176 |
| retrospective study of pestivirus infection in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) and other ungulates in the pyrenees (ne spain). | in 2001 a new pestivirus (family flaviviridae) was associated with an outbreak of a previously unreported disease in pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in the pyrenees (ne spain). molecular characterization assigned this virus to the border disease virus (bdv) cluster, bdv-4 genotype. a retrospective study was performed in archived sera and spleen of 74 pyrenean chamois and in archived sera of 28 mouflon (ovis ammon), 56 red deer (cervus elaphus), 43 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and 29 fal ... | 2010 | 20961710 |
| antiviral activities of isg20 in positive-strand rna virus infections. | isg20 is an interferon-inducible 3'-5' exonuclease that inhibits replication of several human and animal rna viruses. however, the specificities of isg20's antiviral action remain poorly defined. here we determine the impact of ectopic expression of isg20 on replication of several positive-strand rna viruses from distinct viral families. isg20 inhibited infections by cell culture-derived hepatitis c virus (hcv) and a pestivirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and a picornavirus, hepatitis a virus. ... | 2010 | 21036379 |
| serosurvey for selected pathogens in iberian roe deer. | the roe deer is the most abundant and widespread wild eurasian cervid. its populations are expanding and increasingly in contact with livestock. this may affect the distribution of infectious diseases shared with other wild and domestic ungulates. | 2010 | 21078207 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of an atypical pestivirus, strain izsplv_to. | recently, atypical bovine pestiviruses (bvdv-3) have been identified in batches of contaminated foetal calf serum (fcs) and in naturally infected cattle. during routine screening of fcs by conventional panpestivirus pcr assay, one batch showed traces of pestivirus nucleic acids, and the contaminating virus was typed as bvdv-3-like. phylogenetic analysis based on three genome regions (5'utr, n(pro) and e2) showed that this strain, named izsplv_to, clusters in a separate clade with ch_kaho/cont, a ... | 2010 | 21093884 |
| development of a highly sensitive real-time rt-pcr protocol for the detection of classical swine fever virus independent of the 5' untranslated region. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most severe diseases of pigs, and can cause immense economic losses. real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) can be used as a sensitive and specific method for detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv). different published protocols are used routinely for csfv diagnosis. however, almost all these systems use the highly conserved 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the csfv genome as template. for a reliable diagnosis in ou ... | 2010 | 21111760 |
| [testing for btv, bvdv and bhv-1 in blood samples of new world camelids kept in middle germany]. | the susceptibility of camelids for infectious agents which may result in severe economic losses or which are strictly regulated for epidemiological reasons in farm animals potentially causes a mutual risk of transmission. this study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) as well as the presence of pestivirus antigen in new world camelids in central germany. therefore 107 serum samples fr ... | 2010 | 21141278 |
| effect of bovine viral diarrhoea virus biotypes on adherence of sperm to oocytes during in-vitro fertilization in cattle. | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a member of the pestivirus genus, is one of the most important pathogens of dairy cattle; it can cause several clinical syndromes, ranging from subclinical to severe disease. the objectives of the current studies were to assess the effects of two biotypes of bvdv on sperm attachment to the zona pellucida (zp) of oocytes and on fertilization rate in bovine in vitro fertilization (ivf). in two experiments, sperm at two concentrations (10⁵ and 10⁶/ml) and oocyte ... | 2011 | 21220161 |
| identification of an ntpase motif in classical swine fever virus ns4b protein. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of swine caused by csf virus (csfv), a positive-sense single-stranded rna virus within the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family. here, we have identified conserved sequence elements observed in nucleotide-binding motifs (nbm) that hydrolyze ntps within the csfv non-structural (ns) protein ns4b. expressed ns4b protein hydrolyzes both atp and gtp. substitutions of critical residues within the identified ns4b nbm walk ... | 2011 | 21236462 |
| identification and characterization of the host protein dnajc14 as a broadly active flavivirus replication modulator. | viruses in the flavivirus genus of the flaviviridae family are arthropod-transmitted and contribute to staggering numbers of human infections and significant deaths annually across the globe. to identify cellular factors with antiviral activity against flaviviruses, we screened a cdna library using an iterative approach. we identified a mammalian hsp40 chaperone protein (dnajc14) that when overexpressed was able to mediate protection from yellow fever virus (yfv)-induced cell death. further stud ... | 2011 | 21249176 |
| human mxa protein inhibits the replication of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) has a spherical enveloped particle with a single stranded rna genome, the virus belonging to a pestivirus of the family flaviviridae is the causative agent of an acute contagious disease classical swine fever (csf). the interferon-induced mxa protein has been widely shown to inhibit the life cycle of certain rna viruses as members of the bunyaviridae family and others. interestingly, it has been reported that expression of mxa in infected cells was blocked by c ... | 2011 | 21255621 |
| trim56 is a virus- and interferon-inducible e3 ubiquitin ligase that restricts pestivirus infection. | the tripartite motif (trim) protein family comprises more than 60 members that have diverse functions in various biological processes. although a small number of trim proteins have been shown to regulate innate immunity, much remains to be learned about the functions of the majority of the trim proteins. here we identify trim56 as a cellular protein associated with the n-terminal protease (n(pro)) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestiviral interferon antagonist which degrades interferon ... | 2011 | 21289118 |
| structural features of the seneca valley virus internal ribosome entry site (ires) element: a picornavirus with a pestivirus-like ires. | the rna genome of seneca valley virus (svv), a recently identified picornavirus, contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element which has structural and functional similarity to that from classical swine fever virus (csfv) and hepatitis c virus, members of the flaviviridae. the svv ires has an absolute requirement for the presence of a short region of virus-coding sequence to allow it to function either in cells or in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. the ires activity does not require the tr ... | 2011 | 21325406 |
| characterization and purification of recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus particles with epitope-tagged envelope proteins. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) belongs to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. the lipid membrane of the virions is supposed to contain the three glycosylated envelope proteins e(rns), e1 and e2, but detailed studies of virus assembly are complicated because no efficient purification method for pestiviruses has been described so far. in this study, we generated infectious bvdv with n-terminally flag-tagged e(rns) or e2 proteins, respectively. the expression of the epitope-tag ... | 2011 | 21346033 |
| rna recombination in pestiviruses: cellular rna sequences in viral genomes highlight the role of host factors for viral persistence and lethal disease. | persistence of the positive strand rna virus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in its host may last for years. however, it frequently ends in lethal disease triggered by emerging virus mutants created by rna recombination. those mutant genomes often encompass cellular mrna fragments. persistence of bvdv depends on a mechanism limiting viral rna replication efficiency. this restriction is based on the dependency of a viral protease on a cellular cofactor available only in limiting amounts. virus ... | 2011 | 21358277 |
| use of the vaccinia virus/t7 expression system for studying hcv protein processing. | hcv and related viruses are now classified as a separate genus in the family flaviviridae (1), which includes two other genera, flavivirus (2), and pestivirus (3). the positive-strand hcv genome rna is approx 9.4 kb in length and contains a highly conserved 5' noncoding region followed by a long open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3010-3033 amino acids (4,5) recently, it was determined that the 3' end contains another highly conserved noncoding region approx 100 bp in length (6-8). beca ... | 1999 | 21374371 |
| proteomic analysis of swine serum following highly virulent classical swine fever virus infection. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) belongs to the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae. virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) cause severe disease in pigs characterized by immunosuppression, thrombocytopenia and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. | 2011 | 21385403 |
| occurrence of chlamydiaceae, mycoplasma conjunctivae, and pestiviruses in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) of grisons, switzerland. | because interactions between livestock and chamois occur on alpine pastures, transmission of infectious diseases is considered possible. thus, the occurrence of chlamydiaceae, mycoplasma conjunctivae, and pestiviruses in alpine chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) of the surselva region (eastern swiss alps) was investigated. in total, 71 sera, 158 eye swabs, 135 tissue samples, and 23 fecal samples from 85 chamois were analyzed. the sera were tested by 2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit ... | 2011 | 21398458 |
| long-term clinicopathological characteristics of alpacas naturally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type ib. | background: substantial bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-related production losses in north american alpaca herds have been associated with bvdv type ib infection. objectives: to classify and differentiate the long-term clinicopathological characteristics of bvdv type ib infection of alpaca crias, after natural virus exposure. we hypothesized that persistently infected (pi) alpacas specifically demonstrate growth retardation, clinicopathological evidence of opportunistic infections, and early ... | 2011 | 21488962 |
| species characterization in the genus pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the pestivirus genome have been considered for taxonomical segregation of the species, through the evaluation of 534 strains. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, species have been identified within the genus, determining genetic distances between species isolates, clarifying borderline and multirelated sequences, and charac ... | 2011 | 21514324 |
| vitamin e and selenium levels are within normal range in pigs diagnosed with mulberry heart disease and evidence for viral involvement in the syndrome is lacking. | mulberry heart disease (mhd) in pigs is characterized by lesions of acute haemorrhagic myocarditis and myocardial necrosis. the objectives of this study were to determine the levels of vitamin e and selenium and 13 other trace minerals in heart and liver tissues and to determine the prevalence of certain viral infections in heart tissues from mhd-affected and mhd-unaffected pigs and the vitamin e and selenium concentration in feed samples from selected farms with mhd. based on the pathological e ... | 2011 | 21518323 |
| medical microbiology | at least 27 alphaviruses and 68 flaviviruses have been recognized, approximately
one-third of which are medically important human pathogens. they vary widely in
their basic ecology; each virus occupies a distinct ecologic niche, often with
restricted geographic and biologic distribution. as shown in tables 54-1 and 54-2, alphaviruses and flaviviruses can cause various syndromes, ranging
from benign febrile illnesses to severe system ... | 1996 | 21413253 |
| atypical pestivirus and severe respiratory disease in calves, europe. | in 2010, a hobi-like pestivirus was isolated from clinically affected calves in italy. this european virus reproduced a milder form of disease under experimental conditions and was genetically related to previously reported hobi-like strains. isolation of this novel virus from a clinical outbreak may have implications for cattle health and prophylactic programs. | 2011 | 21801648 |
| seroepidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in the adamawa region of cameroon and use of the spot test to identify herds with pi calves. | bovine viral diarrhoea, caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae, is one of the most important diseases of cattle world wide causing poor reproductive performance in adult cattle and mucosal disease in calves. in addition it causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to other infections, the impact of which is uncertain, particularly in sub-saharan africa where animals are exposed to a much wider range and higher intensity of infect ... | 2011 | 21754993 |
| classical swine fever virus n(pro) limits type i interferon induction in plasmacytoid dendritic cells by interacting with interferon regulatory factor 7. | viruses are detected by different classes of pattern recognition receptors that lead to the activation of interferon regulatory factors (irf) and consequently to the induction of alpha/beta interferon (ifn-+¦/+¦). in turn, efficient viral strategies to escape the type i ifn-induced antiviral mechanisms have evolved. previous studies established that pestivirus n(pro) antagonizes the early innate immune response by targeting the transcription factor irf3 for proteasomal degradation. here, we repo ... | 2011 | 21680532 |
| investigations of pestivirus infection in wild caprinae in europe. | | 2011 | 21709051 |
| serological evidence for bvdv-1 infection in goats in poland - short communication. | a serological survey was conducted in 2007 in the breeding goat population in poland to gain insights into the epidemiology of pestivirus infection. all breeding herds were included in the study and representative serum samples were taken in each herd to evaluate herd-level seroprevalence at 10% expected individual-level prevalence and 95% level of confidence. altogether 1060 serum samples from 49 herds were tested with blocking elisa and then the positive and inconclusive results were confirmed ... | 2011 | 21727071 |
| hur binding to au-rich elements present in the 3' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the member of the genus pestivirus under the family flaviviridae. the 5' untranslated region (utr) of csfv contains the ires, which is a highly structured element that recruits the translation machinery. the 3' utr is usually the recognition site of the viral replicase to initiate minus-strand rna synthesis. adenosine-uridine rich elements (are) are instability determinants present in the 3' utr of short-lived mrnas. however, the presence of ares in the 3' u ... | 2011 | 21729330 |
| propagation of classical swine fever virus in vitro circumventing heparan sulfate-adaptation. | amplification of natural virus isolates in permanent cell lines can result in adaptation, in particular enhanced binding to heparan sulfate (hs)-containing glycosaminoglycans present on most vertebrate cells. this has been reported for several viruses, including the pestivirus classical swine fever virus (csfv), the causative agent of a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease in pigs. propagation of csfv in cell culture is essential in virus diagnostics and research. adaptation of csfv to hs-bindi ... | 2011 | 21703305 |
| genetic and splice variations of bos taurus cd46 shift cell permissivity to bvdv, the bovine pestivirus. | the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is known to bind to the cd46 molecule, which subsequently promotes entry of the virus. mapping of the bvd-virion-binding site has shown that two peptides, 66eqiv69 and 82gqvlal87, located on antiparallel beta sheets in the most distal complement control protein module (ccp1), provide the attachment platform. in the present study, we reveal the existence of ten distinct allelic versions of the ccp1 module, varying significantly in frequency among ... | 2011 | 21680116 |
| Methods to select suitable fetal bovine serum for use in quality control assays for the detection of adventitious viruses from biological products. | Production of biological products, especially vaccines, usually requires materials derived from animals, and there are always risks that animal pathogens derived from these materials could contaminate the final products. Detection of adventitious agents is performed by quality control tests. In these biological assays, animal derived materials are also used and another problem arises, as fetal bovine serum (FBS) is used as an ingredient in tissue culture media. FBS contaminated with bovine viral ... | 2011 | 21719306 |
| experimental infection of cattle, sheep and pigs with 'hobi'-like pestivirus. | to date, limited information is available on the ability of 'hobi'-like pestiviruses (putative bovine viral diarrhoea 3) to infect and cause disease in animal species traditionally affected by pestiviruses. in order to obtain new insights into host range and pathogenic potential of this atypical pestivirus, bvdv-seronegative calves (n=5), lambs (n=5) and piglets (n=5) were experimentally infected with the european 'hobi'-like strain italy-1/10-1, whereas two animals per species served as uninfec ... | 2011 | 21955447 |
| innocuousness and safety of classical swine fever marker vaccine candidate cp7_e2alf in non-target and target species. | chimeric pestivirus cp7_e2alf is a promising live marker vaccine candidate against classical swine fever. prior to a possible application in the field, several safety aspects have to be addressed. due to the fact that cp7_e2alf is based on a bovine viral diarrhea virus backbone, its behavior in ruminants is of particular interest. in the framework of this study, its innocuousness in non-target species was addressed by inoculation of calves, young goats, lambs, and rabbits. to this means, high ti ... | 2011 | 22064266 |
| pestivirus virion morphogenesis in the absence of uncleaved nonstructural protein 2-3. | the family flaviviridae contains three genera of positive-strand rna viruses, namely, flavivirus, hepacivirus (e.g., hepatitis c virus [hcv]), and pestivirus. pestiviruses, like bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bear a striking degree of similarity to hcv concerning polyprotein organization, processing, and function. along this line, in both systems, release of nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) is essential for viral rna replication. however, both viruses differ significantly with respect to proce ... | 2012 | 22031952 |
| [viral gastroenteritis in domestic animals and zoonoses]. | etiologic investigations of infectious diarrhea were long limited to bacteria and protozoa. the advent of electron microscopy and molecular biology showed that diarrhea could also be caused by viruses, both in humans and in other animals. in 1969, electron microcopy was used to show, for the first time, the responsibility of a virus in a case of calf diarrhea. this "reo-like virus "was subsequently identified as a rotavirus, and was shown only four years later to be responsible for severe diarrh ... | 2010 | 22046708 |
| Neurological diseases of ruminant livestock in Australia. IV: viral infections. | Most viral infections that affect the central nervous system of ruminants are exotic to Australia. As such, this review focuses on viruses of importance in Australian ruminants, including Akabane virus and the ruminant pestiviruses, bovine viral diarrhoea virus and border disease virus, as well as bluetongue virus. Each virus is discussed in terms of pathogenesis, clinical signs and diagnosis. | 2011 | 21864304 |
| Complementation studies with the novel "Bungowannah" virus provide new insights in the compatibility of pestivirus proteins. | In recent years several atypical pestiviruses have been described. Bungowannah virus is the most divergent virus in this group. Therefore, heterologous complementation was used to clarify the phylogenetic relationship and to analyze the exchangeability of genome regions encoding structural proteins. Using a BVDV type 1 backbone, chimeric constructs with substituted envelope proteins E(rns), E1 and E2, were investigated. While all constructs replicated autonomously, infectious high titer chimeric ... | 2011 | 21849202 |
| Molecular Characteristics of Bovine Virus Diarrhoea Virus 1 Isolates from Turkey: Approaches for an Eradication Programme. | Forty pestivirus isolates sampled from cattle in Turkey between 2002 and 2007 were characterized according to 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) sequences and autoprotease (N(pro) ) gene sequences. The sampling of Bovine virus diarrhoea viruses (BVDVs) from 15 farms in five different regions indicated that BVDV 1-l (18/40, 45%) was the predominant genotype in Turkey; the samples also contained the genotypes 1-f (10/40, 25%), 1-b (7/40, 17.5%), 1-d (3/40, 7.5%), and 1-a (2/40, 5%), respectively. | 2011 | 22085446 |