| demonstration of yellow fever virus in human cell culture by immunofluorescence. | | 1960 | 13720538 |
| antigenic analysis of certain group b arthropodborne viruses by antibody absorption. | a method for carrying out antibody absorption studies for antigenic analysis of group b arthropod-borne (arbor) viruses is described and examples of homologous and heterologous absorption curves are presented. evidence that antigenic structure can be a stable property was obtained with three strains of west nile virus isolated from different hosts in different countries over a period of years. comparative studies with viruses of the japanese b-st. louis-west nile subgroup indicate that each viru ... | 1960 | 13810498 |
| some experiments with dilution media for yellow fever virus in virus titrations. | | 1959 | 13811245 |
| [the cultivation of yellow fever virus 17d on ascites of the krebs-2-carcinoma]. | | 1960 | 13811248 |
| adsorption to ascites cells and eclipse phenomenon of yellow fever virus in ascites-carcinoma. | | 1959 | 13811250 |
| culture of yellow fever virus 17d in ascites of krebs-2-carcinoma. | | 1959 | 13811251 |
| [isolation of the yellow fever virus in the belgian congo]. | | 1960 | 13812401 |
| demonstration of yellow fever virus with the electron microscope. | | 1962 | 13867781 |
| [studies on some methods of propagation of yellow fever virus in tissue culture]. | | 1960 | 13876084 |
| transmission of yellow fever virus by aged aedes aegypti and comments on some other mosquitovirus relationships. | | 1962 | 13943133 |
| serological reactions in rhesus monkeys inoculated with the 17d strain of yellow fever virus. | haemagglutination-inhibition tests, which depend on the appearance of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the serum in virus infections, are in common use in the study of arthropod-borne diseases. this paper contains the results of an investigation into the appearance and pattern of haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the serum of rhesus monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with the 17d strain of yellow fever virus during the testing of seed lots of yellow fever vaccine. these antibo ... | 1962 | 13950709 |
| neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever 17 years after vaccination with 17d vaccine. | the duration of immunity conferred by yellow fever vaccine is as yet undetermined. in this study the neutralizing and haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to yellow fever were investigated in 108 persons living in pouso alegre, brazil, where yellow fever has never been reported. these persons had been vaccinated with 17d yellow fever vaccine between 27 december 1940 and 5 february 1941, but not again; and their antibody pattern was compared with that of 78 controls who had never been vaccinat ... | 1962 | 13950710 |
| propagation of yellow fever virus (17d strain) in primary trypsinized cell cultures. | | 1962 | 13955012 |
| fine structure of councilman bodies in the liver of aluatta seniculus seniculus l. infected with yellow fever virus. | | 1963 | 13969778 |
| immunological studies with group b arthropod-borne viruses. iv. persistence of yellow fever antibodies following vaccination with 17d strain yellow fever vaccine. | | 1963 | 13975014 |
| yellow fever vaccination in malaya by subcutaneous injection and multiple puncture. neutralizing antibody responses in persons with and without pre-existing antibody to related viruses. | because of the risk of introduction of yellow fever to south-east asia, comparative studies were made of yellow fever vaccination in malayans who had a high prevalence of antibody to related viruses and in volunteers without related antibody. the proportions of positive neutralizing antibody responses to subcutaneous vaccination with 17d vaccine were not significantly different between volunteers with and without heterologous antibody but the degree of antibody response was greater in those with ... | 1962 | 13993152 |
| the growth of asibi strain yellow fever virus in tissue cultures. i. sensitivity and capacity of tissue cultures. | | 1963 | 14044088 |
| the growth of asibi strain yellow fever virus in tissue cultures. ii. modification of virus and cells. | | 1963 | 14044097 |
| [investigation of yellow fever virus variants from human tissue culture in monkey experiments]. | | 1963 | 14047326 |
| the resistance of a2g mice to myxoviruses. | | 1963 | 14050204 |
| histopathology of the central nervous system in swiss mice intracerebrally inoculated with 17-d strain of yellow fever virus. | | 1963 | 14070776 |
| electron microscopic study of spinal cord of mice infected with yellow fever virus. | | 1963 | 14072876 |
| first isolation of west nile virus in central africa. | | 1963 | 14073525 |
| arthropod-borne virus disease in florida. report of a 1958 outbreak in miami and a serologic survey of miami residents. | | 1963 | 14076020 |
| the susceptibility of the pygmy anteater, cyclopes didactylus, to yellow fever virus. | | 1964 | 14125890 |
| inhibition of the multiplication of pseudorabies virus by cyclohexamide. | | 1964 | 14127843 |
| arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses in the west indies area. vii: a serological survey of st. lucia, w.i. | | 1964 | 14136162 |
| failure to respond to vaccination with 17d yellow fever virus by scarification, and its significance. | | 1964 | 14141364 |
| [epidemic of yellow fever in ethiopia (1960-1962). preliminary study]. | | 1964 | 14163955 |
| growth of 17d yellow fever virus and factors influencing its transmission within cell cultures in vitro. | | 1964 | 14185496 |
| depression of the tuberculin reaction by viral vaccines. | | 1964 | 14214636 |
| electron microscopic and immunofluorescent observations on monkey liver and tissue culture cells infected with the asibi strain of yellow fever virus. | | 1964 | 14217669 |
| surveillance for sylvan yellow fever activity in panama (1957-1961). | | 1964 | 14222440 |
| arthropod-borne encephalitis viruses in northeastern south america. ii. a serological survey of northeastern venezuela. | | 1965 | 14270458 |
| [on the clinical aspects of vaccination complications]. | | 1965 | 14275813 |
| polyvalent group b arbovirus antiserum produced in monkeys. | | 1965 | 14277686 |
| two episodes of dengue fever, caused by types 4 and 1 viruses, in an individual previously immunized against yellow fever. | | 1965 | 14292751 |
| effects of cortisone on in vitro viral infection. i. inhibition of cytopathogenesis by polio, rabies and yellow fever viruses in human embryonic cells. | | 1965 | 14297833 |
| circulating virus, interferon and antibody after vaccination with the 17-d strain of yellow-fever virus. | | 1965 | 14306335 |
| loss in virulence of yellow fever virus serially passed in hela cells. | | 1965 | 14328877 |
| [detection of antibodies (amaril virus and other arboviruses) in sera taken in ethiopia from 1954 to 1961]. | | 1965 | 14340584 |
| a regional reconnaissance on yellow fever in the sudan; with special reference to primate hosts. | neutralization-tests with yellow fever virus performed on 666 human sera collected in the southern sudan imply that yellow fever is still endemic south of the 10th parallel, in the south-west border of the nuba mountains, and in the plains west of the nuba mountains as far north as el muglad. similar tests on bloods from 110 primates revealed a high rate of immunity among both baboons (papio sp.) (94%) and grivet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) (77%), and a very low rate (1 in 56) among galagos ... | 1955 | 14379007 |
| immunity relations between dengue and yellow fever. | | 1955 | 14380122 |
| encephalitis in infants following vaccination with 17 d yellow fever virus: report of a further case. | | 1955 | 14389721 |
| [cultivation of yellow fever virus in human explants]. | | 1959 | 14399079 |
| [virulence of a yellow fever virus vaccine for the chick embryo]. | | 1960 | 14430185 |
| a plaque technique for the titration of yellow fever virus and antisera. | | 1959 | 14434289 |
| relationship of sars-cov to other pathogenic rna viruses explored by tetranucleotide usage profiling. | the exact origin of the cause of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is still an open question. the genomic sequence relationship of sars-cov with 30 different single-stranded rna (ssrna) viruses of various families was studied using two non-standard approaches. both approaches began with the vectorial profiling of the tetra-nucleotide usage pattern v for each virus. in approach one, a distance measure of a vector v, based on correlation coefficient was devised to construct a relationsh ... | 2003 | 14499005 |
| a system of protein target sequences for anti-rna-viral chemotherapy by a vitamin b6-derived zinc-chelating trioxa-adamantane-triol. | the synthesis of the structurally unusual heterotricyclic compound 1-[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-pyridinyl]-2,8,9-trioxaadamantane-3,5,7-triol (trivially named bananin, bn) from pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol and a theoretical prospect on possible biological activities of bn are presented in this report. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol is synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of the vitamin b6 aldehyde pyridoxal with phloroglucinol. pyridoxylidenephloroglucinol rearranges to light-yello ... | 2003 | 14527557 |
| fierce creatures. zoonoses, diseases that jump from animals to humans, are a growing health problem around the world. understanding their causes and their effects on humans have therefore become an important topic for global public health. | | 2003 | 14528257 |
| chimeric live, attenuated vaccine against japanese encephalitis (chimerivax-je): phase 2 clinical trials for safety and immunogenicity, effect of vaccine dose and schedule, and memory response to challenge with inactivated japanese encephalitis antigen. | chimerivax-je is a live, attenuated vaccine against japanese encephalitis, using yellow fever (yf) 17d vaccine as a vector. in a double-blind phase 2 trial, 99 adults received vaccine, placebo, or yf 17d vaccine (yf-vax). chimerivax-je was well tolerated, with no differences in adverse events between treatment groups. viremias resulting from administration of chimerivax-je and yf-vax were of short duration and low titer; 82 (94%) of 87 subjects administered graded doses (1.8-5.8 log(10)) of chim ... | 2003 | 14551893 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of benzo[d]isothiazole, benzothiazole and thiazole schiff bases. | three new series of benzo[d]isothiazole, benzothiazole and thiazole schiff bases were synthesized and tested in vitro with the aim of identifying novel lead compounds active against emergent and re-emergent human and cattle infectious diseases (aids, hepatitis b and c, tuberculosis, bovine viral diarrhoea) or against drug-resistant cancers (leukaemia, carcinoma, melanoma, mdr tumors) for which no definitive cure or efficacious vaccine is available at present. in particular, these compounds were ... | 2003 | 14556794 |
| expression of the zinc-finger antiviral protein inhibits alphavirus replication. | the rat zinc-finger antiviral protein (zap) was recently identified as a host protein conferring resistance to retroviral infection. we analyzed zap's ability to inhibit viruses from other families and found that zap potently inhibits the replication of multiple members of the alphavirus genus within the togaviridae, including sindbis virus, semliki forest virus, ross river virus, and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. however, expression of zap did not induce a broad-spectrum antiviral state ... | 2003 | 14557641 |
| 4'-c-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl purine and pyrimidine nucleosides revisited. | in order to evaluate their antiviral properties, a series of 4'-c-methyl-beta-d-ribofuranosyl purine and pyrimidine nucleosides has been prepared. unfortunately, none of these 4'-branched nucleosides showed any antiviral activity or cytotoxcity when tested against hiv, hbv, and yellow fever virus. | 2003 | 14565259 |
| yellow fever vaccine. who position paper. | | 2003 | 14569711 |
| neuroadapted yellow fever virus 17d: determinants in the envelope protein govern neuroinvasiveness for scid mice. | a molecular clone of mouse-neuroadapted yellow fever 17d virus (spyf-mn) was used to identify critical determinants of viral neuroinvasiveness in a scid mouse model. virus derived from this clone differs from nonneuroinvasive yf5.2iv virus at 29 nucleotide positions, encoding 13 predicted amino acid substitutions and 2 substitutions in the 3' untranslated region (utr). the virulence determinants of spyf-mn for scid mice were identified by constructing and characterizing intratypic viruses in whi ... | 2003 | 14581560 |
| [centenary of the discovery of yellow fever virus and its transmission by a mosquito (cuba 1900-1901)]. | during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever has been an ordinary scourge in american cities. in the early part of the 20th century, a main discovery has been achieved in havana city, cuba, leading to direct consequences for tropical medicine, public health and virology. there, the u.s. army yellow fever commission headed by walter reed proved that yellow fever was a viral disease transmitted by a specific mosquito, stegomyia fasciata, in fact aedes aegypti l. the idea that vomito negr ... | 2003 | 14582304 |
| neurovirulence of yellow fever 17dd vaccine virus to rhesus monkeys. | the yellow fever 17d virus is attenuated and used for human vaccination. two of its substrains, 17d-204 and 17dd, are used for vaccine production. one of the remarkable properties of this vaccine is limited viral replication in the host but with significant dissemination of the viral mass, yielding a robust and long-lived neutralizing antibody response. the vaccine has excellent records of efficacy and safety and is cheap, used as a single dose, and there are well-established production methodol ... | 2003 | 14599790 |
| [application of one step rt-pcr assay for detection of flavivirus rna in mosquitoes]. | the conditions of one step rt-pcr method for detection of virus rna in field-collected mosquitoes, and preservation period of infected mosquitoes for one step rt-pcr were examined. we compared several virus rna extraction methods with artificially contaminated mosquito pools with dengue virus (dv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and yellow fever virus (yfv) with a known amount of plaque forming unit (pfu) to establish the condition of one step rt-pcr. in this study, most effective rna extrac ... | 2003 | 14608915 |
| comparative phylogenies of yellow fever isolates from peru and brazil. | we recently reported phylogenetic evidence to support the presence of enzootic transmission foci of yellow fever virus (yfv) in peru [bryant et al., emerg. infect. dis. (2003)]. because the prevailing paradigm of yfv transmission in brazil is that of 'wandering epizootics' rather than discrete enzootic foci, we have now compared the molecular phylogenies of yfv isolates from peru and brazil, and re-examined the question of virus mobility by mapping the spatio-temporal distribution of genetic var ... | 2003 | 14625093 |
| in vitro and in vivo antiviral properties of sulfated galactomannans against yellow fever virus (beh111 strain) and dengue 1 virus (hawaii strain). | two galactomannans, one extracted from seeds of mimosa scabrella, having a mannose to galactose ratio of 1.1, and another with a 1.4 ratio from seeds of leucaena leucocephala, were sulfated. the products from m. scabrella (brs) and l. leucocephala (lls) had a degree of sulfation of 0.62 and 0.50, and an average molecular weight of 620x10(3) and 574x10(3) gmol(-1), respectively. their activities against yellow fever virus (yfv; beh111 strain) and dengue 1 virus (den-1; hawaii strain) were evaluat ... | 2003 | 14638396 |
| a case of yellow fever in a brown howler (alouatta fusca) in southern brazil. | many brown howlers (alouatta fusca) have died in a 3-month period in a subtropical forest in southern brazil. one was examined after a systemic illness. according to clinical signs, and necropsy and histopathology findings, yellow fever virus (yfv) infection was suspected. tissue sections from liver, kidney, and lymphoid organs were screened by immunohistochemistry for yfv antigens. cells within those tissues stained positively with a polyclonal antibody against yfv antigens (1:1,600 dilution), ... | 2003 | 14667022 |
| antiviral activity of hop constituents against a series of dna and rna viruses. | we investigated whether crude hop extracts and purified hop components representing every major chemical class of hop compound have antiviral activity. these hop constituents were tested for antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) as a surrogate model of hepatitis c virus (hcv), human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), influenza a virus (flu-a), influenza b virus (flu-b), rhinovirus (rhino), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), yellow fever virus (yfv), cytomegalovirus (cmv), hepa ... | 2004 | 14670594 |
| inefficient signalase cleavage promotes efficient nucleocapsid incorporation into budding flavivirus membranes. | the mechanism for efficient nucleocapsid (nc) uptake into flavivirus particles which form by budding through the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) was investigated by using murray valley encephalitis virus as a model. budding of flavivirus membranes is driven by the viral transmembrane proteins prm and e independently of nc interaction. we show that control of signalase cleavage of the multimembrane-spanning flavivirus polyprotein by the catalytic function of the viral protease is crit ... | 2004 | 14671099 |
| pathogenesis and pathophysiology of yellow fever. | it will be apparent to the reader that there is much to learn about the pathogenesis of yf. the role of specific genes and molecular determinants of neurotropism and viscerotropism has been defined only partially. the availability of infectious clones and a small animal (hamster) model should allow dissection of virulence factors, which can then be tested in the more difficult monkey model. the marked differences between wild-type yf strains should be evaluated by evaluating the relationships be ... | 2003 | 14689698 |
| high fidelity of yellow fever virus rna polymerase. | three consecutive plaque purifications of four chimeric yellow fever virus-dengue virus (chimerivax-den) vaccine candidates against dengue virus types 1 to 4 were performed. the genome of each candidate was sequenced by the consensus approach after plaque purification and additional passages in cell culture. our data suggest that the nucleotide sequence error rate for sp6 rna polymerase used in the in vitro transcription step to initiate virus replication was as high as 1.34 x 10(-4) per copied ... | 2004 | 14694136 |
| [relevant vaccination for travellers]. | | 2003 | 14699803 |
| aedes aegypti in brazil: genetically differentiated populations with high susceptibility to dengue and yellow fever viruses. | aedes aegypti was eliminated from brazil in 1955, but re-infested the country in the 1970s. dengue outbreaks have occurred since 1981 and became endemic in several cities in brazil after 1986. urban yellow fever has not occurred since 1942, and only jungle yellow fever cases have been reported. a population genetic analysis using isoenzyme variation combined with an evaluation of susceptibility to both yellow fever and dengue 2 viruses was conducted among 23 a. aegypti samples from 13 brazilian ... | 2004 | 14702837 |
| molecular amplification assays for the detection of flaviviruses. | over the past 10 years, a number of molecular amplification assays have been developed for the detection of flaviviruses. most of these assays utilize the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) as the amplification format with detection by either agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining or hybridization with molecular probes. recently, a modification of the standard rt-pcr using fluorescent-labeled oligonucleotide probes for detection (taqman) has been describe ... | 2003 | 14714430 |
| epidemiology and ecology of yellow fever virus. | | 2003 | 14714435 |
| sucrose density gradient centrifugation and cross-flow filtration methods for the production of arbovirus antigens inactivated by binary ethylenimine. | sucrose density gradient centrifugation and cross-flow filtration methods have been developed and standardised for the safe and reproducible production of inactivated arbovirus antigens which are appropriate for use in diagnostic serological applications. | 2004 | 14720306 |
| atypical antibody responses in dengue vaccine recipients. | eight of 69 (12%) healthy adult volunteers vaccinated with monovalent live-attenuated dengue virus (denv) vaccine candidates had atypical antibody responses, with depressed igm:igg antibody ratios and induction of high-titer hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing (nt) antibodies to all four denv serotypes. these features suggested flavivirus exposure prior to denv vaccination, yet no volunteer had a history of previous flavivirus infection, flavivirus vaccination, or antibody to flavivirus ... | 2003 | 14740953 |
| the susceptibility of howler monkeys to yellow fever virus. | | 1950 | 14771396 |
| a study of the concentration of yellow fever virus which will infect certain species of aedes mosquitoes. | | 1950 | 14771398 |
| [pantropic viruses. v. yellow fever virus]. | | 1950 | 14786582 |
| [pantropic viruses. 5. yellow fever virus]. | | 1950 | 14786593 |
| the transmission of neurotropic yellow fever virus to rats. | | 1951 | 14915460 |
| alterations of pr-m cleavage and virus export in pr-m junction chimeric dengue viruses. | during the export of flavivirus particles through the secretory pathway, a viral envelope glycoprotein, prm, is cleaved by the proprotein convertase furin; this cleavage is required for the subsequent rearrangement of receptor-binding e glycoprotein and for virus infectivity. similar to many furin substrates, prm in vector-borne flaviviruses contains basic residues at positions p1, p2, and p4 proximal to the cleavage site; in addition, a number of charged residues are found at position p3 and be ... | 2004 | 14963133 |
| isolation and characterization of wild type yellow fever virus in cases temporally associated with 17dd vaccination during an outbreak of yellow fever in brazil. | a mass vaccination was carried out in the state of minas gerais, southeast region of brazil, to control an outbreak of sylvatic yellow fever in 2001. during the outbreak the surveillance system identified two fatal cases temporally associated with yf vaccination. virus recovered from blood and postmortem samples of both cases was identified as yellow fever virus. partial nucleotide sequence of parts of prm/e and the non-structural (ns) 5 genes and 3' non-coding region (3' ncr) was employed to ch ... | 2004 | 15003633 |
| [serologic survey for yellow fever and other arboviruses among inhabitants of rio branco, brazil, before and three months after receiving the yellow fever 17d vaccine]. | during a yellow fever vaccination campaign among residents of rio branco (acre state), the frequency of hi antibodies to the most prevalent arboviruses in the amazon region and to yellow fever virus was determined before and three months after immunization with yf 17d vaccine. from 390 inhabitants included in the first phase of serologic survey (august 1999), only 190 provided a second serum sample, after the use of 17d vaccine (january 2000). among first phase samples, the frequency of hi antib ... | 2004 | 15042172 |
| recent advancement in flavivirus vaccine development. | lately, the magnitude of cumulative diseases burden caused by flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, west nile virus and yellow fever virus, has reached an unprecedented level with the sizes of human and animal populations at risk increasing sharply. these diseases present highly complex medical, economic and ecologic problems, some effecting primarily human and others affecting human, livestock and wildlife. the large body of recent publi ... | 2004 | 15056045 |
| safety and efficacy of chimeric yellow fever-dengue virus tetravalent vaccine formulations in nonhuman primates. | to construct chimeric yf/den viruses (chimerivax-den), the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of yellow fever (yf) 17d virus were replaced with those of each wild-type (wt) dengue (den) virus representing serotypes 1 to 4. chimerivax-den1-4 vaccine viruses were prepared by electroporation of vero cells with rna transcripts prepared from viral cdna (f. guirakhoo, j. arroyo, k. v. pugachev, c. miller, z.-x. zhang, r. weltzin, k. georgakopoulos, j. catalan, s. ocran, k. soike, m. ratteree, an ... | 2004 | 15078958 |
| yellow fever vaccine: a successful vaccination of an immunocompromised patient. | we report on the successful vaccination of a patient, 21/2 yr after bone marrow transplantation for myeloma. he was not severely immunosupressed and responded to the yellow fever vaccine (17d, a live attenuated vaccine) without any adverse affects. | 2004 | 15089771 |
| wild terrestrial rainforest mammals as potential reservoirs for flaviviruses (yellow fever, dengue 2 and st louis encephalitis viruses) in french guiana. | a serological survey for yellow fever virus (yfv), dengue 2 virus (denv-2), and st louis encephalitis virus (slev) was undertaken using a seroneutralization technique in 27 wild forest mammal species (574 individuals) in french guiana. evidence of yellow fever infection was observed in 10 species, with high prevalence recorded in howler monkey (18%) and agouti (20%). antibodies against denv-2 and slev were found sporadically in various species. this potential host diversity and the range of pote ... | 2004 | 15138077 |
| state-of-the-art serological techniques for detection of antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus. | indirect immunofluorescence, elisa and immunoblot test systems for the detection of antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus were developed and evaluated. sera from 112 patients with clinically characterized tbe virus infections, 27 patients with antibodies against dengue or yellow fever virus and 100 healthy blood donors were investigated for anti-tbe virus antibodies. the assays yielded sensitivities of 91-95% and specificities of 91-94%. the test systems are valuable new tools f ... | 2004 | 15146997 |
| rna recombination in vivo in the absence of viral replication. | to study fundamental aspects of rna recombination, an in vivo rna recombination system was established. this system allowed the efficient generation of recombinant cytopathogenic pestiviruses after transfection of synthetic, nonreplicatable, subgenomic transcripts in cells infected with a replicating noncytopathogenic virus. studies addressing the interplay between rna recombination and replication revealed that cotransfection of noninfected cells with various pairs of nonreplicatable rna deriva ... | 2004 | 15163720 |
| a chimeric live attenuated vaccine against japanese encephalitis. | japanese encephalitis is a disease of the cns, endemic in asia and oceania. the disease is refractory to drug treatments and whilst the rural economies remain heavily dependent on agriculture, conditions for propagation of the disease will persist. thus, there is a need for effective vaccines. although some currently exist, they have their shortcomings. chimerivax-je (acambis inc.) is a chimeric, live attenuated vaccine which expresses protective japanese encephalitis antigens and to date has pr ... | 2004 | 15176941 |
| yellow fever outbreak, imatong, southern sudan. | in may 2003, the world health organization received reports about a possible outbreak of a hemorrhagic disease of unknown cause in the imatong mountains of southern sudan. laboratory investigations were conducted on 28 serum samples collected from patients in the imatong region. serum samples from 13 patients were positive for immunoglobulin m antibody to flavivirus, and serum samples from 5 patients were positive by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with both the genus flavivirus- ... | 2004 | 15207058 |
| exchanging the yellow fever virus envelope proteins with modoc virus prm and e proteins results in a chimeric virus that is neuroinvasive in scid mice. | a chimeric flavivirus infectious cdna was constructed by exchanging the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of the yellow fever virus vaccine strain 17d (yf17d) with the corresponding genes of modoc virus (mod). this latter virus belongs to the cluster of the "not-known vector" flaviviruses and is, unlike yf17d, neuroinvasive in scid mice. replication of in vitro-transcribed rna from this chimeric flavivirus was shown by [(3)h]uridine labeling and rna analysis. expression of the mod prm and ... | 2004 | 15220415 |
| the changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: full circle? | yellow fever and dengue are old diseases, having caused major epidemics in centuries past. both were effectively controlled in the mid 1900s, yellow fever in francophone africa by vaccination and yellow fever and dengue in the americas by effective control of the principal urban vector of both viruses, aedes aegypti. in the last 25 years of the 20th century, however, there was a resurgence of yellow fever in africa, and of dengue worldwide. the factors responsible for this resurgence are discuss ... | 2004 | 15225982 |
| family cluster of mayaro fever, venezuela. | a cluster of protracted migratory polyarthritis involving four adult family members occurred in january 2000 after a brief overnight outing in a rural area of venezuela. laboratory testing demonstrated mayaro virus as the cause of the cluster. these results documented the first human cases of mayaro virus in venezuela. | 2004 | 15324555 |
| yellow fever 17d virus: pseudo-revertant suppression of defective virus penetration and spread by mutations in domains ii and iii of the e protein. | a yellow fever (yfv) 17d virus variant, which causes persistent infection of mouse neuroblastoma cells associated with defective cell penetration and small plaque size, yielded plaque-revertant viruses from cells transfected with viral transcripts encoding the adaptive mutation (gly360 in the e protein). reconstruction of a plaque-purified revertant which contained gly360 and additional substitutions (asn for lys303 and val for ala261) yielded a virus whose infectious center size, growth efficie ... | 2004 | 15327896 |
| involvement of a bovine viral diarrhea virus ns5b locus in virion assembly. | a novel mutant of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was found with a virion assembly phenotype attributable to an insertion into the ns5b polymerase locus. this mutant, termed 5b-741, was engineered by reverse genetics to express ns5b with a c-terminal peptide tag of 22 amino acids. electroporation of bovine cells with genomic rna from this mutant showed levels rna synthesis which were regarded as sufficient for infectivity, yet infectious virions were not produced. pseudorevertants of mutant 5 ... | 2004 | 15331694 |
| genetic relationships and evolution of genotypes of yellow fever virus and other members of the yellow fever virus group within the flavivirus genus based on the 3' noncoding region. | genetic relationships among flaviviruses within the yellow fever (yf) virus genetic group were investigated by comparing nucleotide sequences of the 3' noncoding region (3'ncr). size heterogeneity was observed between members and even among strains of the same viral species. size variation between yf strains was due to duplications and/or deletions of repeated nucleotide sequence elements (ryf). west african genotypes had three copies of the ryf (ryf1, ryf2, and ryf3); the angola and the east an ... | 2004 | 15331698 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the envelope protein of chimeric yellow fever-dengue 1 vaccine virus reduces neurovirulence for suckling mice and viremia/viscerotropism for monkeys. | a chimeric yellow fever-dengue 1 (chimerivax-den1) virus was produced by the transfection of vero cells with chimeric in vitro rna transcripts. the cell culture supernatant was subjected to plaque purification for the identification of a vaccine candidate without mutations. of 10 plaque-purified clones, 1 containing no mutation (clone j) was selected for production of the vaccine virus. during subsequent cell culture passaging of this clone for vaccine production, a single amino acid substitutio ... | 2004 | 15331733 |
| a 7-deaza-adenosine analog is a potent and selective inhibitor of hepatitis c virus replication with excellent pharmacokinetic properties. | improved treatments for chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection are needed due to the suboptimal response rates and deleterious side effects associated with current treatment options. the triphosphates of 2'-c-methyl-adenosine and 2'-c-methyl-guanosine were previously shown to be potent inhibitors of the hcv rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) that is responsible for the replication of viral rna in cells. here we demonstrate that the inclusion of a 7-deaza modification in a series of purine nu ... | 2004 | 15388457 |
| risk of fatal adverse events associated with 17dd yellow fever vaccine. | yellow fever (yf), an acute infectious disease, is endemic in the north and central-west of brazil. this disease can be prevented by the use of a vaccine. in brazil, four fatal adverse events have been associated with the yf vaccine used in the country (17dd vaccine). we briefly describe the last two fatalities, and estimate the risk of 17dd-associated fatal adverse events under different epidemiological scenarios. controversies regarding the appropriate denominator that enters the estimation of ... | 2004 | 15473158 |
| yellow fever: the recurring plague. | despite the availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine, yellow fever (yf) remains a disease of significant public health importance, with an estimated 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths annually. the disease is endemic in tropical regions of africa and south america; nearly 90% of yf cases and deaths occur in africa. it is a significant hazard to unvaccinated travelers to these endemic areas. virus transmission occurs between humans, mosquitoes, and monkeys. the mosquito, the true reservoir of ... | 2004 | 15487593 |
| genetic divergence and dispersal of yellow fever virus, brazil. | an analysis of 79 yellow fever virus (yfv) isolates collected from 1935 to 2001 in brazil showed a single genotype (south america i) circulating in the country, with the exception of a single strain from rondonia, which represented south america genotype ii. brazilian yfv strains have diverged into two clades; an older clade appears to have become extinct and another has become the dominant lineage in recent years. pairwise nucleotide diversity between strains ranged from 0% to 7.4%, while amino ... | 2004 | 15498159 |
| yellow fever virus infectivity for bolivian aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the absence of urban yellow fever virus (yfv) in bolivian cities has been attributed to the lack of competent urban mosquito vectors. experiments with aedes aegypti from santa cruz, bolivia, demonstrated infection (100%), dissemination (20%), and transmission of a bolivian yfv strain (cenetrop-322). | 2004 | 15498171 |