| pig trypanosomosis: prevalence and significance in the endemic middle belt zone of southern nigeria. | abattoir and field/market surveys of 1,954 crossbred pigs aged 6 to 30 months, for trypanosomosis in the middle belt zone of southern nigeria, revealed a 26.8 infection rate. of those infected, 66.5, 23.9 and 8.2 % were due to mixed, single trypanosoma brucei and t. congolense infections respectively. although 1.5 % of the infections were unidentified, there was no evidence of t simiae. the infection rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the abattoir pigs (37.8 %) than among the farm pi ... | 1994 | 7770662 |
| laparoscopic partial splenic resection. | twenty domestic pigs with an average weight of 30 kg were subjected to laparoscopic partial splenic resection with the aim of determining the feasibility, reliability, and safety of this procedure. unlike the human spleen, the pig spleen is perpendicular to the body's long axis, and it is long and slender. the parenchyma was severed through the middle third, where the organ is thickest. an 18-mm trocar with a 60-mm endopath linear cutter was used for the resection. the tissue was removed with a ... | 1995 | 7773460 |
| a closed-chest pig model of sustained ventricular tachycardia. | the goal of this study was to develop and explore a closed-chest animal model of sustained vt. seven of 11 domestic pigs had successful induction of myocardial infarction by injection of agarose gel microbeads into the left anterior descending coronary artery through an inflated balloon angioplasty catheter. four of the first five pigs died and seem to represent a "learning experience." during a 3- to 50-day follow-up period, each pig underwent 1-3 electrophysiological studies. sustained, monomo ... | 1994 | 7800561 |
| melatonin and farm animals: endogenous rhythms and exogenous applications. | studies on farm animals have contributed significantly to our increased understanding of basic melatonin-related physiological mechanisms, as well as to the regulation of reproduction and pelage in individual domestic species. this review concentrates on recent work on the role of melatonin in the regulation of porcine reproduction, cervine endocrine, and behavioral cycles and wool and cashmere production which has added to this knowledge base. early studies of the domestic pig indicated that me ... | 1994 | 7807370 |
| [the specificity of blastocysts (rhizopoda: lobosea)]. | the analysis of specificity of blastocysts was based on the data on host association and on experimental data. in experiments we failed to infect the geese (anser anser) with blastocystis galli taken from the fowl (gallus gallus) and also failed to infect the fowl with b. suis taken from the pigs (sus scrofa domestica). experimental data and field observations of blastocysts distribution among different groups of hosts point out that the same species of blastocysts can not parasitize in hosts be ... | 1994 | 7816501 |
| experimental studies on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus followed by japanese encephalitis virus infection and vice versa. | a study on the susceptibility of domestic pigs to west nile virus (wnv) and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) infection was carried out. one batch of pigs was inoculated with wnv followed by jev and another batch was inoculated vice versa. the first batch developed low level of viraemia and haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies to both viruses. there was a booster effect on the already existing wnv antibodies after challenging with jev. in the second batch the animals developed high level ... | 1994 | 7817897 |
| agonistic behavior, plasma stress hormones, and metabolites in response to dyadic encounters in domestic pigs: interrelationships and effect of dominance status. | agonistic behavior, neuroendocrine, and plasma metabolite changes were studied in 16 domestic large white pigs (100 +/- 5 kg) submitted to dyadic encounters (30 min) in a neutral environment. the animals had been housed individually for 2 months prior to the experiment. aggressive and submissive behaviors were recorded for each animal during the encounter. surgically implanted catheters allowed collection of blood samples at selected times. plasma levels of cortisol, catecholamines, and metaboli ... | 1994 | 7824582 |
| glycogen depletion according to muscle and fibre types in response to dyadic encounters in pigs (sus scrofa domesticus)--relationships with plasma epinephrine and aggressive behaviour. | changes in glycogen content according to fibre type were assessed in a predominantly white (longissimus) and a predominantly red (semispinalis) pig muscle, in response to dyadic encounters involving aggressive interactions. tested animals showed significantly lower glycogen levels than the control in the semispinalis, but not in the longissimus muscle. histological treatment of muscle serial cuts followed by computerized image analysis showed that the observed decrease in muscle semispinalis gly ... | 1994 | 7828029 |
| coronary blood flow autoregulation and flow heterogeneity in the stunned heart. | we used an anesthetized swine model of regionally "stunned" myocardium to determine the effect of stunning on coronary autoregulation and blood flow heterogeneity. in 18 domestic swine, stunning was accomplished by reducing blood flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) by approximately 75% of baseline for 15 min and restoring it to normal for 1 hour. we quantified coronary autoregulation using both the slope of coronary pressure-flow curves and an autoregulation index. we quan ... | 1994 | 7830329 |
| dissociation between anti-infarct effect and anti-edema effect of ischemic preconditioning. | this study tested the hypothesis that preconditioning, by reducing catabolite accumulation during ischemia, reduces osmotic swelling and myocardial necrosis during subsequent reperfusion. farm pigs were randomly allocated to one of three groups of treatment: a control group undergoing a 48-min coronary occlusion (co) of the middle left anterior descending artery, a preconditioned group (2 cycles of 5-min co and 5-min reperfusion before the 48-min co), or an intracoronary perfusion group receivin ... | 1995 | 7840267 |
| light microscopic distribution of some cholinergic markers in the rat and rabbit locus coeruleus and the nucleus angularis grisea periventricularis of the domestic pig (sus scrofa): a correlative electron microscopic investigation of cholinergic receptor proteins in the rabbit. | cholinergic modulation of locus coeruleus (lc) neurons evokes a variety of neuronal and behavioural effects. in an attempt to understand the lc cholinergic circuit, several markers has been investigated and compared. (immuno)-histochemical and autoradiographic methods have been used on rat, rabbit, and pig tissue. to identify the boundaries of the lc in each of these species, sections through the entire brainstem have been stained for tyrosine hydroxylase. the results indicate that the pig does ... | 1994 | 7849322 |
| emesis induced in domestic pigs: a new experimental tool for detection of antiemetic drugs and for evaluation of emetogenic potential of new anticancer agents. | the domestic pig was used to develop a new model for evaluating the emetogenic potential of anticancer drugs and determining the antiemetic activity of drugs. emesis was characterized by expulsion of solid or liquid material. in each animal, the number of vomits after infusion of the emetogenic drug (infusion in ketamine and xylazine anesthesia) was recorded in 1-hr periods during the first 4 hr and then in a 4- and a 16-hr period. intravenous infusion of cisplatin caused a concentration-depende ... | 1994 | 7865862 |
| long term bradycardia by electrical pacing: a new method for studying heart rate reduction. | the aim was to develop a method of inducing bradycardia on a chronic basis by electrical pacing and to study its effect upon myocardial capillarity in pigs. | 1994 | 7867029 |
| [effects of pollution with fluoride on bone dynamics of periosteum in iliac of domestic pigs]. | studies on bone dynamic parameters of iliac periosteum and endosteum in domestic pigs with fluorosis caused by coal-burning contamination were conducted. bone dynamics of 12 pigs with experimental fluorosis and nine controls both labelled with double tetracycline was investigated. results showed the distance between two labels on iliac periosteum of domestic pigs with fluorosis shortened and, rates of mineralization and bone matrix formation slowed. it suggested fluorosis played significantly in ... | 1994 | 7867457 |
| persistence of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to je and wn viruses in naturally infected domestic pigs in karnataka state, india. | domestic pigs were used as sentinels to monitor the prevalence of japanese encephalitis (je) and west nile (wn) viruses in kolar district of karnataka state, india. the study revealed that the pigs once seroconverted to je and wn viruses, remained immune as long as they were available for observation, up to three years. | 1994 | 7879715 |
| isolation of batai virus from sentinel domestic pig from kolar district in karnataka state, india. | batai virus was isolated from the blood sample of one sentinel piglet out of 34 used to monitor the activity of the japanese encephalitis (je) virus at madikere village in kolar district, karnataka state, india. this is the first report of the isolation of batai virus from a mammal. | 1994 | 7879716 |
| 5-ht3 receptor antagonism by anpirtoline, a mixed 5-ht1 receptor agonist/5-ht3 receptor antagonist. | 1. the aim of this study was to provide evidence that anpirtoline, which is an agonist at 5-ht1b and 5-ht1d receptors and also displays submicromolar affinity for 5-ht1a recognition sites, in addition, acts as an antagonist at 5-ht3 receptors. 2. in radioligand binding studies on rat brain cortical membranes, anpirtoline inhibited specific binding of [3h]-(s)-zacopride to 5-ht3 receptor recognition sites (pki: 7.53). 3. in n1e-115 neuroblastoma cells in which [14c]-guanidinium was used as a tool ... | 1995 | 7881726 |
| heat and social stress effects on pig immune measures. | forty-eight domestic pigs were used to evaluate the effects of heat and social stress on immune indices. pigs were brought together in groups of three per pen and video-taped for the first 72 h. video tapes were viewed to determine time spent in aggressive and submissive behaviors. social status of each pig was determined from outcomes of agonistic interactions. pens of pigs were housed in either a thermoneural (control, 24 degrees c) or heat-stress (33 degrees c) air temperature. immune measure ... | 1994 | 7883617 |
| a comparative study of open, laparoscopic intracorporeal, and laparoscopic assisted low anterior resection and anastomosis in pigs. | this study was done to investigate whether laparoscopic intracorporeal (li) or laparoscopic assisted (la) colon resection results in improved anastomotic healing compared with open colon resection (or). thirty-six domestic swine were randomly assigned to undergo either li, la, or or of the rectosigmoid. for or cases, the sigmoid was resected through a midline incision, and a transanal end-to-end stapled anastomosis was constructed with an ils device. for la and li cases, the sigmoid was laparosc ... | 1995 | 7887528 |
| topical zinc oxide treatment increases endogenous gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 in granulation tissue from porcine wounds. | application of zinc oxide has been shown to accelerate the healing of both chronic and acute wounds, but the mechanisms are unknown. we quantified the gene expression (mrna) for one important growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1 (igf-1) in 12 full-thickness wounds in each of three domestic pigs treated with or without topical zinc oxide. we used a rnaase protection/solution hybridisation technique to measure igf-1 mrna concentrations, which were 50% higher in the granulation tissue in wou ... | 1994 | 7899834 |
| site-specific dexamethasone delivery for the prevention of neointimal thickening after vascular stent implantation. | site-directed pharmacologic therapy using drug-impregnated polymers may achieve high local tissue levels at sites of arterial injury without systemic side effects. the aim of this study was to determine whether sustained, local administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone reduces the severity of intimal hyperplasia induced by arterial stenting in a porcine model of restenosis. | 1994 | 7921375 |
| removal of the preputial diverticulum in swine. | a new technique for removal of the preputial diverticulum in swine was performed on 33 sexually intact male potbellied pigs, 12 domestic boar cadavers, and 4 domestic swine (2 sexually intact males and 2 barrows). with each pig under general anesthesia, the body and horns of the diverticulum were everted through the preputial orifice and excised. in some cases, the stump of the diverticulum was sutured. remaining tissues were allowed to retract through the preputial orifice. the technique was mo ... | 1994 | 7928559 |
| morphologic characteristics of lesion formation and time course of smooth muscle cell proliferation in a porcine proliferative restenosis model. | this study was performed to define the evolution of lesion morphology and its relation to thrombus formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation after experimental coronary stent placement. | 1994 | 7930266 |
| [experimental studies of laparoscopically-assisted rectum resection with colo-anal or colorectal anastomosis]. | a minimally invasive procedure for radical resection of tumors in the deep rectum without laparoscopic anastomosis was developed in seven domestic pigs. the length of resected rectosigmoid and mesenterium was adequate on all oncologic counts. | 1994 | 7934583 |
| effect of vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation on cerebral and coronary perfusion in an infant porcine model. | to determine cerebral and myocardial blood flow rates during vest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) without direct cardiac compression in an infant porcine model. also, to determine if circumferential chest compression without the chest deformity ordinarily associated with precordial compression maintains cerebral and myocardial blood flow rates during prolonged cpr. finally, to establish the effect of compression rate and duty cycle on cerebral and myocardial blood flow rates during vest cpr ... | 1994 | 7956287 |
| effect of ventilation on acid-base balance and oxygenation in low blood-flow states. | to investigate how minute ventilation affects the partial pressure of end-tidal co2 and arterial and mixed venous ph, pco2, po2, and the concentration of bicarbonate during low blood-flow states. we tested the null hypothesis that acid-base conditions during low rates of blood flow are not significantly different when minute ventilation is doubled or halved. | 1994 | 7956288 |
| imaging of exocrine pancreatic function. investigation of the bioavailability of weak organic acids as potential pancreatic contrast agents for computed tomography. | the feasibility of targeting iodinated contrast agents to the exocrine pancreas was investigated. iodinated weak organic acids including succinic acid-mono-3-amino-2,4,6-triiodo- n-ethylanilide (compound i), the ethanolamine salt of n-ethylsuccinic acid-(2,4,6-triiodo-3-methylamino anilide) (compound ii), and the sodium salt of 2,4,6-triiodo-3-n-ethylacetylamino-phenylpropionic acid (compound iii) were studied as potential contrast agents for computed tomography (ct) of the pancreas. | 1994 | 7960615 |
| comparison of retrograde endo-pyelotomy and endo-balloon rupture of the ureteropelvic junction in a porcine model. | excellent results and durable success have been achieved with antegrade and retrograde endo-pyelotomy for treating primary and secondary ureteropelvic junction obstruction. recently, a 30f dilating balloon was used to rupture the ureteropelvic junction (endobrst) with encouraging results. while balloon distention of the ureteropelvic junction is a technically simpler procedure than endo-pyelotomy, clinical and laboratory data comparing the 2 methods are lacking. in an acute and chronic animal st ... | 1994 | 7966717 |
| [trichinellosis in slaughtered and wild animals in switzerland using a digestion method and a serologic method (e/s-elisa)]. | for many decades trichinellosis has not been reported among swiss domestic pigs. considering the fact that trichinella occurs in a sylvatic cycle in switzerland, a study was designed to reevaluate the present epidemiologic situation by investigating 10,904 fattening pigs, 218 pigs with free access to pasturage or being kept on an alp, 104 domestic boars, 106 horses, 44 wild boars and 538 foxes using a direct and an indirect diagnostic technique (digestion method and serology with elisa and an ex ... | 1994 | 7973563 |
| efficacy of topical cooling in lung preservation: is a reappraisal due? | the aim of the present study was to test the efficacy of topical cooling as the only viable lung preservation method using the most challenging evaluation method, namely single-lung transplantation followed by immediate contralateral pneumonectomy. ten domestic pigs (5 donors and 5 recipients) with a mean body weight of 57 kg (range, 53 to 59 kg) were used. after we administered systemic heparin (4 mg/kg), the lungs were harvested and placed in an atelectatic state under cold (8 degrees to 9 deg ... | 1994 | 7979731 |
| [intrachromosomal mapping of the system e locus of blood groups in wild and domestic pigs]. | | 1994 | 7987233 |
| classical swine fever: genetic detection and analysis of differences between virus isolates. | two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed that specifically amplified regions of the classical swine fever virus genome. these products, corresponding to a 671 bp portion of the genes encoding the e1 and e2 (gp33 and gp55) proteins and a 1090 bp portion of the putative polymerase gene, were amplified from eight virus isolates which had been responsible for a series of classical swine fever outbreaks in italy involving both domestic pigs and wild boar. for each virus the fragments were p ... | 1994 | 7996138 |
| [myocyte transformation in autologous transplantation of colonic smooth muscle in domestic pigs]. | autologous gut smooth muscle graft of two piglets was used for creating a ring in sigmoidostomy. the graft was investigated several times by histology and electron microscopy. a sort of myofibroblasts were observed the 7th day in the smooth muscle. three months later the smooth muscle was completely transformed into a cellular connective tissue comprising myofibroblasts and fibroblasts. the experiment points to possible relation of smooth muscle cell, myofibroblast and fibroblast. | 1994 | 8020118 |
| a quantitative histochemical study of the spatial distribution of intrafascicular fibre types in the porcine masseter and soleus muscles. | the distribution of intrafascicular type i and ii muscle fibres together with proportions of edge- and centrally located type i and ii fibres within whole fascicles were analysed by myosin atp-ase histochemistry in 241 porcine masseter fascicles (six masseter muscles) and compared with result from 63 pig soleus fascicles (five soleus muscles). all fascicles were from 11 domestic pigs (1 yr old, 70-90 kg body weight, all female). the proportions of type i fibres (slow) and type ii fibres (fast) o ... | 1994 | 8024493 |
| the impact of gelatin-resorcinol glue on aortic tissue: a histomorphologic evaluation. | although gelatin-resorcinol-formaldehyde glue has been used to treat acute aortic dissections for some time, concerns about formaldehyde's mutagenicity and carcinogenicity made it imperative to develop a new glue compound. gelatin-dialdehyde glue was produced by omitting the formaldehyde component and replacing it with two less toxic aldehydes, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal. this study evaluated the histomorphologic effects of the new glue through in vivo use on the aortic tissue of domestic pigs. | 1994 | 8028087 |
| expression of type i, iii, and vi collagen mrnas in experimentally injured porcine intervertebral disc. | young domestic pigs were incised with a scalpel blade into the anterior part of annulus fibrosus of lumbar discs in order to study the reparative processes in the annulus fibrosus and the secondary reactions in the nucleus pulposus. northern and slot-blot hybridizations were used to investigate type i, iii, and vi collagen gene expression in the disc tissue. for this purpose a method for rna isolation was modified so as to be applicable to the intervertebral disc, which has a low cell density an ... | 1994 | 8039387 |
| collagenase during burn wound healing: influence of a hydrogel dressing and pulsed electrical stimulation. | epithelialization of second-degree burn wounds is known to be accelerated by topical treatment with hydrogel dressings and further enhanced by pulsed electrical stimulation compared with no treatment (air exposure). tissue collagenase has been proposed to be involved during the process of epithelialization. in the present study collagenase levels were examined in partial-thickness burn wounds in the skin of four domestic pigs. collagenase levels, assayed on postburn days 1 to 10, were substantia ... | 1994 | 8047605 |
| proopiomelanocortin gene expression during pig pituitary and brain development. | the expression of proopiomelanocortin (pomc) mrna, which plays an important role in neural, endocrine, neuroendocrine and immune systems, was studied by in situ hybridization during the development of pituitary in the domestic pig. the pomc gene was activated as early as fetal day 30 (e30). the signal for pomc mrna in the anterior lobe progressively increased from e30 to e80 and then remained at relatively constant level. in contrast, pomc transcripts in the intermediate lobe first appeared at e ... | 1994 | 8049719 |
| skeletal muscle oedema and muscle fibre necrosis during septic shock. observations with a porcine septic shock model. | in domestic pigs, intermitted application of escherichia coli-endotoxin was used to create an animal model for a prolonged hypo- and hyperdynamic septic shock-like state and to investigate mechanisms of multiple organ failure. here, we describe the changes in skeletal muscle after 18 h (2 animals) and 48 h (6 animals) of septic shock. two pigs for each observation period that received physiologic saline solutions instead of endotoxin served as controls. the earliest lesions were endothelial cell ... | 1994 | 8055160 |
| enhancement effects of a hepatocyte receptor-specific mr contrast agent in an animal model. | the enhancement characteristics of the liver and spleen produced by a hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging agent, an arabinogalactan-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide derivative, bms 180550, were evaluated. both heavily t1- and t2-weighted sequences were used. imaging was performed in the farm pig model, as a function of contrast agent concentration (5, 10, and 20 mumol of iron per kilogram) and delay (immediate, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 9.0 hours) after bolus injection of ... | 1994 | 8061429 |
| hippocampus of the domestic pig: a stereological study of subdivisional volumes and neuron numbers. | with the aim of establishing a quantitative structural basis for comparative and experimental studies, the volumes of the hippocampal subdivisions and the total number of neurons in each subdivision were estimated in domestic pig brains using modern stereological techniques. in addition to a detailed description of the stereological methods used in the analysis, comprehensive descriptions of the architectonic boundaries of the subdivisions are included. the absolute and relative volumes of the s ... | 1994 | 8061750 |
| use of the domestic pig as a model for oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. | | 1994 | 8068871 |
| regional vasodilating properties of isoflurane in stunned swine myocardium. | studies about the coronary vasodilating properties of isoflurane indicate that this drug induces coronary vasodilation. no work has examined isoflurane-induced vasodilation in known stunned myocardium. this study was conducted to determine isoflurane's coronary vasodilation potency in stunned myocardium and to compare the results obtained with normal myocardium. we determined the vasodilating properties of isoflurane in regionally perfused swine myocardium. six domestic swine were anesthetized w ... | 1994 | 8069032 |
| the prevalence of intestinal protozoa in wild and domestic pigs. | we examined faecal samples from 842 domestic and 91 wild pigs in order to record the prevalence of intestinal protozoa. we used staining of faecal smears by noller-westphal-gönnert method, cultivation in modified les broth and microscopical examination of native preparations using small magnification (for detection of balantidium coli). moreover, the faeces from wild pigs were examined by flotation in sheather's sugar solution for detection of coccidia. we found 8 coccidian species in the wild p ... | 1994 | 8073586 |
| [synaptonemal complex analysis of 13/17 robertsonian translocation in the domestic pig]. | g and c-banding study of the chromosomes of several male pigs, indicate that all of these pigs carry rob(13;17). the karyotype is 2n = 37, xy, rob (13;17). in this paper, silverstained synaptonemal complexes (scs) in surface-spread pachytene nuclei from these pigs are analysed by electron microscope. the result is as follows: robertsonian translocation metacentrics rob (13;17) paired with homologous acrocentrics (13,17), forming a trivalent. all trivalents are in a cis configuration and there is ... | 1994 | 8080664 |
| enzyme activities of glycogen metabolism and mitochondrial characteristics in muscles of rn- carrier pigs (sus scrofa domesticus). | high glycogen content and abnormal mitochondria have been seen in muscles from rn- carrier pigs in a previous work. glycogen synthase, branching enzyme, phosphorylase and debranching enzyme activities, and mitochondrial characteristics were studied in normal and rn- carrier pigs. branching enzyme activity was higher (p < 0.01) and glycogen synthase activity tended to be higher in longissimus dorsi muscle from rn- carrier pigs compared to normal pigs. there were no differences in the activities o ... | 1994 | 8081656 |
| variation in size of ag-nors and fluorescent rdna in situ hybridization signals in six breeds of domestic pig. | variation of the size of silver-stained nucleolar organizer regions (nors) of chromosomes 10 and 8 was studied in pigs of six breeds (sus scrofa l.). the silver deposits were quantified by image analysis and the results were normalized for each ag-nor chromosome. in general, normalized values for chromosomes 10 were higher than those for chromosomes 8, suggesting that the nor activity of chromosomes 10 is dominant as compared to that of chromosomes 8. however, high values for chromosomes 8 were ... | 1994 | 8083060 |
| isolated in-vitro perfusion of pig hearts obtained from the abattoir: an alternative to animal experiments? | isolated pig hearts (german farm pigs) were characterized after global in-vivo ischaemia as a potential alternative to in-vivo animal studies. hearts were harvested from adult farm swine at the abattoir 10.3 +/- 2.1 min after incision of the carotid artery. they were immediately perfused and thereafter stored in ice-cold cardioplegic (st thomas's) solution. after 38 +/- 3 min, retrograde perfusion was started with oxygenated pig blood (37 degrees c; 5000 u heparin.l-1; ph 7.38 +/- 0.1; 11 mmol g ... | 1994 | 8088275 |
| the origin and genetic differentiation of native breeds of pigs in southwest china: an approach from mitochondrial dna polymorphism. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of six breeds of native domestic pigs from yunnan province, southwest china, and two wild boars obtained from sichuan, china, and vietnam was analyzed using 20 restriction endonucleases that recognize six nucleotides. restriction maps were made by double-digestion methods and polymorphic sites were located on the map. according to their mtdna restriction types, all the breeds were classified into six groups. genetic distances among groups were calculated to define their ... | 1993 | 8097084 |
| distribution of hydroxylated vitamin d metabolites [25ohd3 and 1,25(oh)2d3] in domestic pigs: evidence that 1,25(oh)2d3 is stored outside the blood circulation? | 1. the distribution of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25ohd3) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(oh)2d3] in various organs from domestic pigs was examined by hplc. 2. plasma levels of both metabolites corresponded to those found in healthy human subjects. 3. tissue concentrations of 25ohd3 in fat, kidney, liver, and intestinal mucosa were low (< 1/3 of plasma levels), whereas tissue concentrations of 1,25(oh)2d3 exceeded plasma levels by factors 3-7, adipose tissue concentrations being the high ... | 1993 | 8097149 |
| inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase from porcine (sus scrofa domestica) thymus: purification and properties. | 1. imp dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.205) from porcine thymus glands has been purified to homogeneity. 2. the enzyme has a subunit mw of 57 kda and an amino acid composition similar to those obtained from other normal and cancerous mammalian cells. 3. the apparent km values at ph 8.0 for imp and nad+ are 7 and 16 microm, respectively. 4. gmp, xmp and amp are competitive inhibitors towards imp and ki values of 50, 85 and 282 microm, respectively. 5. the effectiveness of nucleotides to protect inactivat ... | 1993 | 8102965 |
| collagens in the injured porcine intervertebral disc. | spinal pain often is thought to be due to degeneration and mechanical failure of the intervertebral disc. since the mechanical strength of the tissue depends on collagen fibers, the present study was designed to investigate the reactions in collagen metabolism after an experimentally induced disc injury. five domestic pigs underwent an incision in the anterior part of the annulus fibrosus of disc l4-l5 through a retroperitoneal approach. the animals were killed 3 months postoperatively, and the ... | 1994 | 8113947 |
| sodium-taurocholate-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis does not affect jejunal oxygenation in pigs. | to study the influence of experimentally induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis on jejunal oxygen transport, jejunal oxygen consumption, and mucosal po2. | 1994 | 8124956 |
| regional vasodilating properties of isoflurane in normal swine myocardium. | studies of the coronary vasodilating properties of isoflurane have produced inconsistent results. isoflurane has been reported to cause minimal or no coronary vasodilation, mild dose-related vasodilation, or even near-maximal coronary vasodilation. the current study was performed to clarify the direct coronary vasodilating potency of isoflurane. | 1994 | 8141453 |
| seasonal effects on fertility in gilts and sows. | the ancestral wild pig is a short day length seasonal breeder. the domestic pig appears to have retained some of this seasonality as evidenced by a reduction in fertility during the summer-autumn period. the most important aspect of this seasonality is a reduction in the number of mated sows that farrow. many of these sows conceive and embryos develop normally for 20-25 days before pregnancy is terminated and the sow returns to oestrus (25-35 days after mating). in other species, transduction of ... | 1993 | 8145204 |
| laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in the porcine model. | our aim was to assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy in an animate model. after developing the technique in acute animal experiments, laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed in five young domestic pigs. five trocars were used (2-10 mm, 2-12 mm, 1-11 mm) for video laparoscopic access to the peritoneal cavity. the operations were performed without complication in 62-95 min (mean +/- sem, 77 +/- 7 min). each animal tolerated oral feedings on the first post ... | 1994 | 8153866 |
| screening of pig sera for antibodies to japanese encephalitis virus using a dot enzyme immunoassay and igm capture elisa: comparison with the hemagglutination inhibition and plaque reduction neutralization tests. | a dot enzyme immunoassay for determination of antibodies to japanese encephalitis virus was designed for use as a field technique for the surveillance of japanese encephalitis virus activity among domestic pigs. the test was compared with the neutralization test and the hemagglutination inhibition test and found to be more sensitive than the hemagglutination inhibition test and comparable to the neutralization test in sensitivity but more simple to perform than either the neutralization or the h ... | 1993 | 8160055 |
| epidemiology of classical swine fever in sardinia: a serological survey of wild boar and comparison with african swine fever. | a serological survey was carried out to establish the distribution of classical swine fever among wild boar in sardinia, where that disease and african swine fever have been endemic in free-ranging domestic pigs and wild boar living in the mountainous areas of the province of nuoro for several years. blood samples were collected from 4752 wild boar shot during the period december 1988 to january 1992. an overall prevalence of 11 per cent was observed and the almost constant rate of about 9.8 per ... | 1994 | 8171792 |
| [fetometry in domesticated swine]. | | 1993 | 8172779 |
| refinement of a technique for thermocholecystectomy in an animal model. | a modification of a thermal ablation system was tested for improved cystic duct occlusion and gallbladder mucosa ablation in an animal model. | 1994 | 8175312 |
| additive effect of allopurinol and deferoxamine in the prevention of spinal cord injury caused by aortic crossclamping. | fourteen domestic swine were divided into two groups. group a (n = 7) was the control group, in which no pharmacologic intervention was applied. in group b (n = 7), the ischemic-reperfused spinal cord was treated with the combination of allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days before the day of operation) and deferoxamine (desferal, 50 mg/kg administered intravenously over 3 to 4 hours). the administration of deferoxamine was completed 1 hour before crossclamping. the crossclamp was placed on the de ... | 1994 | 8176962 |
| an animal model to study the significance of dermis for grafting cultured keratinocytes on full thickness wounds. | autologous cultured keratinocytes grafted onto full thickness wounds take poorly, and any epidermal cover that is produced is unstable. however, a more stable epidermis has been reported when keratinocytes are grafted onto a dermal surface. we have developed a skin grafting model using a polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) skin graft chamber in the domestic pig. the chambers isolate individual wounds and prevent epithelial migration from the wound edge. dermal grafts were prepared by enzymatic separa ... | 1994 | 8198746 |
| nimodipine after circulatory arrest: effects on oxygen delivery and consumption. | evaluation of the effects of nimodipine administration during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) on oxygen delivery and consumption was the aim of this study. | 1994 | 8199650 |
| identification and cytogenetic analysis of an abnormal pig chromosome for flow cytometry and sorting. | for cytogenetics of pig (sus scrofa domestica) and the influence of chromosome aberrations on pig production, high interest exists in flow sorted chromosomes for gene mapping, to establish dna-libraries, or to produce dna-probes. flow karyotyping and sorting as well as slit scan flow analysis of metaphase chromosomes of an abnormal cell type carrying a translocation marker chromosome 6/15 are described. flow sorting of the largest chromosomes of these cells was performed. after sorting the chrom ... | 1993 | 8216615 |
| application of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological monitoring of hog cholera (classical swine fever) in poland. | between 1990 and 1992, serum samples from 55,478 domestic swine were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the presence of hog cholera virus (hcv) antibodies. the amount of antibody in the sera was expressed as the mean percentage inhibition (pi). for diagnosis, the tested sera were diluted 1:2 and considered positive if the pi was less than 25%. sera giving pi values in the range of 25-50% were retested against hcv and bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv), by neutralising perox ... | 1993 | 8219338 |
| gene sequence, cdna construction, expression in escherichia coli and genetically approached purification of porcine interleukin-1 beta. | a genomic clone (pil3) covering the 8.8-kb prointerleukin-1 beta ('catabolin') gene of the domesticated swine (sus scrofa domestica) was isolated from a genomic library and characterized by nucleotide sequencing. typical features of the gene include a seven-exon structure, with the highest degree of nucleotide and amino acid conservation among human and porcine genes being found in the receptor-binding portion encoded by exons six and seven. three 250-bp repetitive elements with a > 75% similari ... | 1993 | 8223584 |
| antagonism of antidiuretic hormone in domestic pigs (sus scrofa). | 1. morphological and physiological aspects of renal function are shared by humans and swine. sk&f 101926 is a potent antagonist of vasopressin binding to v2 receptors and vasopressin stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in renomedullary membranes from both species. 2. unexpectedly, sk&f 101926 proved to be an antidiuretic agonist in humans. hence, we evaluated sk&f 101926 for antidiuretic agonist and antagonist activities in conscious domestic pigs. 3. during water diuresis (uosm < 230 mosm ... | 1993 | 8224729 |
| dobutamine prevents both myocardial stunning and phosphocreatine overshoot without affecting atp level. | catecholamines can overcome myocardial stunning. however, a previous report on energy metabolism in stunned myocardium during catecholamine infusion was based on the conventional biochemical methods which might affect contractile function. twenty farm pigs were anesthetized and underwent 15 min coronary artery occlusion and 2 h reperfusion. ten pigs were given 10 micrograms/kg/min dobutamine from immediately after and throughout the reperfusion (dobutamine group). the other ten pigs were given s ... | 1993 | 8230247 |
| folate sensitive common fragile sites in chromosomes of the domestic pig (sus scrofa). | chromosomal fragile sites were studied in blood lymphocytes of the pig after induction with 0, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms of fluorodeoxyuridine (fudr) ml-1 of culture. the percentage of cells showing fragile sites and total breaks and gaps in 100 cells was significantly higher in all treated cultures than the control (p < 0.001). a concentration of 5 to 10 micrograms of fudr ml-1 of medium is recommended as the optimum for mitotic index and fragile site expression in the pig. localisation of the fr ... | 1993 | 8235092 |
| the sex-determining region y (sry) gene is mapped to p12-p13 of the y chromosome in pig (sus scrofa domestica) by in situ hybridization. | the sex-determining region y is a gene located in the distal portion of the short arm of human (sry) and mouse (sry) y chromosomes and considered to be the best candidate for the testis determining factor (tdf/tdy). the gene is believed to be the key factor in sex differentiation in mammals and is conserved across mammalian species. we report herein that the sry/sry gene has been assigned to p12-p13 on the short arm of the y chromosome in pig by in situ hybridization. the result confirms intersp ... | 1993 | 8239073 |
| vasoactivity of isolated coronary arterial microvessels: influence of albumin. | previous investigators have reported the development of spontaneous tone, a spontaneous decrease in diameter in response to application of intraluminal pressure, in isolated microvessels bathed in physiological salt solution (pss) containing albumin. in contrast, myogenic activity and spontaneous tone are rare in microvessels bathed in albumin-free pss. the purpose of this study was to determine whether albumin and/or the development of spontaneous tone altered coronary microvessel responsivenes ... | 1993 | 8246812 |
| laparoscopic small bowel resection and anastomosis. | our aim was to assess the feasibility and safety of performing totally intracorporeal laparoscopic small bowel resection and anastomosis using a linear stapling device. laparoscopic small bowel resection and anastomosis were performed in five young domestic pigs. five trocars were used (2-5 mm, 2-11 mm, and 1-12 mm) for video laparoscopic access to the peritoneal cavity. segments of jejunum 5 to 10 cm long were excised using two firings of a 30-mm linear stapler (endo-gia). the bowel was anastom ... | 1993 | 8258075 |
| international trade in bear gall bladders: forensic source inference. | fresh and desiccated gall bladders of the ursidae family (bears) obtained as criminal evidence were characterized by analysis of the principal biliary components, mainly ursodeoxycholyl-taurine, cholyl-taurine and chenodeoxycholyl-taurine using tlc and hplc. this bile acids profile appears to be an ursidae family characteristic. results show that of the samples from asia only 3% were from the ursidae family and 18% were from "farmed bears." samples seized in the u.s.a. and canada showed that 22. ... | 1993 | 8263479 |
| retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy: an experimental study. | laparoscopic approaches to adrenalectomy have been limited by the retroperitoneal (rp) location of the adrenal glands and their relative inaccessibility transabdominally. we developed a technique for endoscopic adrenalectomy in a domestic swine model using insufflation of the rp space with co2 and retroperitoneoscopy. the technique for retroperitoneal endoscopic adrenalectomy was first developed in an acute study of three animals. a chronic survival study was then undertaken in six pigs. unilate ... | 1993 | 8269248 |
| mustard oil-induced cutaneous inflammation in the pig. | recent findings indicate that chemical stimulation of the porcine skin with capsaicin evokes a flare response similar to that observed in man. the aim of the present study was to elucidate whether chemical stimulation of cutaneous capsaicin-sensitive nerve endings with mustard oil produces neurogenic inflammatory reactions in the pig. the application of mustard oil onto the abdominal skin of domestic pigs resulted in a pronounced flare response. after a previous intravenous injection of a soluti ... | 1993 | 8285137 |
| myocardial glucose transporters and glycolytic metabolism during ischemia in hyperglycemic diabetic swine. | we assessed the effects of 4 weeks of streptozocin-induced diabetes on regional myocardial glycolytic metabolism during ischemia in anesthetized open-chest domestic swine. diabetic animals were hyperglycemic (12.0 +/- 2.1 v 6.6 +/- .5 mmol/l), and had lower fasting insulin levels (27 +/- 8 v 79 +/- 19 pmol/l). myocardial glycolytic metabolism was studied with coronary flow controlled by an extracorporeal perfusion circuit. left anterior descending coronary artery (lad) flow was decreased by 50% ... | 1994 | 8289677 |
| high-dose epinephrine results in greater early mortality after resuscitation from prolonged cardiac arrest in pigs: a prospective, randomized study. | to determine whether high-dose epinephrine (0.2 mg/kg) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) results in improved outcome, compared with standard-dose epinephrine (0.02 mg/kg). | 1994 | 8306688 |
| [helicobacter pylori: studies in domestic swine]. | in the course of 15 month, 240 stomachs from pigs slaughtered in three different slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of helicobacter pylori. in 52.5% of the stomachs, gram-negative curved or spiral shaped bacteria were found, which during the following biochemical analyses were demonstrated to be urease negative. helicobacter pylori could not be isolated from any of the stomachs. in addition, we conducted four separate experiments on five to eight weeks old piglets in order to determi ... | 1993 | 8306861 |
| preconditioning improves energy metabolism during reperfusion but does not attenuate myocardial stunning in porcine hearts. | it has been reported that a brief period of coronary occlusion and reperfusion slows the rate of atp depletion during subsequent sustained ischemia as well as limiting infarct size. however, it has not yet been determined whether ischemic preconditioning also has an effect on the functional and metabolic recovery of stunned myocardium. our study was designed to address this problem. | 1993 | 8319337 |
| secretion of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and 19-hydroxytestosterone by porcine leydig cells in vitro and in vivo. | 19-hydroxytestosterone and 19-hydroxyandrostenedione have been identified as secretory products of the testes in the mature male domestic pig. their isolation and identification were made by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (cgc-ms) of extracts from testicular vein blood and media of incubations with leydig cells. blood was collected from veins on the surface of the testes of anaesthetized boars. collagenase-dispersed percoll ... | 1993 | 8326254 |
| effects on wound healing of zinc oxide in a hydrocolloid dressing. | zinc oxide incorporated in gauze enhances healing of chronic wounds in humans and experimental pig wounds. | 1993 | 8335742 |
| probucol decreases neointimal formation in a swine model of coronary artery balloon injury. a possible role for antioxidants in restenosis. | restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is the major limitation of the long-term success of this procedure. the process of restenosis is similar to an accelerated form of atherosclerosis. thus, therapeutic interventions that limit the progression and initiation of atherosclerosis may be beneficial in the treatment of restenosis. one such intervention is the antioxidant drug probucol, which has demonstrated benefit in animal models of atherosclerosis. | 1993 | 8339427 |
| microsatellite repeats in pig (sus domestica) and chicken (gallus domesticus) genomes. | separate databases were made for all pig and chicken sequences in the genbank database, which were then systematically searched for all possible mononucleotide, dinucleotide, trinucleotide, and tetranucleotide repeats of about 20 bp or greater in length. a total of 13% of pig genes and 10% of chicken genes contained one or more of these microsatellite-like repeats. there was a considerable difference in the frequency of dinucleotide repeats between pigs, where they comprised 30% of the repeats f ... | 1993 | 8340616 |
| dual contrast enhancement of both t1- and t2-weighted sequences using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. | bms 180549 (previously ami-227), an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron particulate agent, was investigated to determine its utility as a contrast agent on t1-weighted, as well as t2-weighted sequences, as a function of route of administration, (intravenous versus selective arterial) and concentration. twelve farm pigs were divided into three groups of four each by route of administration (intravenous, selective superior mesenteric, or selective hepatic arterial injection). 10 mumol/kg and 20 mumo ... | 1993 | 8345779 |
| protective effect of ribcys following high-dose irradiation of the rectosigmoid. | ribose-cysteine (ribcys) is a prodrug of l-cysteine that stimulates glutathione biosynthesis. increased glutathione levels have been shown to have a protective effect against radiation-induced injury and oxidative stress. surface oximetry has previously been used successfully to predict anastomotic leakage. | 1993 | 8348853 |
| the pathophysiologic changes following bile aspiration in a porcine lung model. | aspiration of bile is an underpublicized aspiration syndrome. using a porcine lung model, the physiologic response and the histopathology of lung tissue were evaluated after the intratracheal instillation of sublethal doses of bile. twenty-one domestic swine (11 to 19 kg) were the studied population. three groups of five swine were evaluated: a control group received intratracheal physiologic saline (ph 7.45); study group 1 received strained gastric contents (ph 2.24); and study group 2 received ... | 1993 | 8365309 |
| reduction of systemic drug exposure after hepatic arterial infusion of doxorubicin with complete hepatic venous isolation and extracorporeal chemofiltration. | hepatic arterial infusion of doxorubicin has produced tumor response in hepatic malignancies; however, the limited success of these treatments is related in part to dose-limiting systemic toxicities. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a novel venous isolation-chemofiltration system could limit systemic exposure to doxorubicin after hepatic arterial infusion. | 1993 | 8367814 |
| proof of alkaline phosphodiesterase i as a phosphatidylinositol-anchor enzyme. | 1. ectoenzyme release from kidney brush border membranes of rattus norvegicus and sus scrofa domesticus by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (piplc) of bacillus thuringiensis was studied. 2. the levels of specific activities of ectoenzymes in r. norvegicus kidney brush border membranes were higher than those in s. scrofa domesticus. about 10-fold higher values were found for specific activities of alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in r. norvegicus. 3. alkaline ph ... | 1993 | 8394252 |
| prevalence of pseudorabies (aujeszky's disease) virus antibodies in feral swine in florida. | serum samples collected from feral swine (sus scrofa) throughout florida (usa) from 1980 to 1989 were tested for antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) by the serum neutralization test, the latex agglutination test, or by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. seropositive swine were detected at 11 of 13 sites with a composite seroprevalence of 34.8% (579 of 1,662 samples; range = 5.9% to 58.2%) for sites with seropositive swine. data on age and sex of the swine were available from three sites. ... | 1993 | 8394943 |
| application of human minisatellite probes to the development of informative dna fingerprints and the isolation of locus-specific markers in animals. | in this study, the alpha-globin 3' hvr (jarman et al., 1986), the rna transcripts of 33.15 and 33.6 (carter et al., 1989), and the human locus-specific minisatellites ms1, ms8, ms31, ms32 (wong et al., 1987), ms51, ms228a (armour et al., 1989) and g3 (wong et al., 1986) were applied to domestic pigs, common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus jacchus) and waldrapp ibises (geronticus eremita) and evaluated for their suitability firstly for isolating polymorphic vntr markers from genomic librarie ... | 1993 | 8400710 |
| augmented efficacy of external cpr by intermittent occlusion of the ascending aorta. | after prolonged cardiac arrest, conventional methods of closed-chest cardiac compression are ineffective. this is primarily because of failure to generate minimal threshold levels of coronary perfusion pressure for cardiac resuscitation. this report introduces a new option for cardiac resuscitation by use of a combination of intermittent ascending aortic balloon occlusion, aortic infusion, and precordial compression to increase the pressure gradient for coronary perfusion. | 1993 | 8403337 |
| analysis of aphidicolin-induced chromosome fragility in the domestic pig (sus scrofa). | aphidicolin (apc)-sensitive fragile sites were identified in chromosome preparations from peripheral lymphocyte cultures of 12 four-way crossbred pigs. a chi 2 analysis demonstrated that aphidicolin-induced breakage events and previously reported in vivo chromosome rearrangement events were not independent. comparison of expected poisson and negative binomial distributions to observed breakage patterns indicated that the negative binomial distribution provided a better fit to experimental data. ... | 1993 | 8428508 |
| myocardial hypercarbic acidosis reduces cardiac resuscitability. | the severity of spontaneous myocardial hypercarbic acidosis during cardiac arrest previously has been predictive of the likelihood of restoring spontaneous circulation. the present study investigated whether hypercarbia itself impairs cardiac resuscitation. since coronary perfusion pressure is the overriding determinant of cardiac resuscitability, we used a porcine model of cardiac arrest in which coronary perfusion pressure was controlled. | 1993 | 8439030 |
| effects of graded doses of epinephrine on both noninvasive and invasive measures of myocardial perfusion and blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | epinephrine administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (cpr) is known to increase aortic diastolic and myocardial perfusion pressures, while enhancing myocardial blood flow. optimal dosing of epinephrine during cpr is less certain. interest in high-dose epinephrine use under such circumstances is increasing. the effect of different doses of epinephrine on simultaneously measured perfusion pressures, myocardial blood flow, cardiac output, and end-tidal co2 (pco2) (used as an indirect measu ... | 1993 | 8440112 |
| laparoscopic gastrointestinal anastomoses. | in a preliminary study of laparoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis, a gastric outlet obstruction was created under laparoscopic control in six domestic pigs, weighing an average of 25 kg. a simultaneous gastroenterostomy was formed with an end-stapling device. all animals recovered clinically, and good anastomotic healing was documented 1 week postoperatively. the authors suggest that an end-stapling device could be one method of creating a gastrointestinal anastomosis for humans that is safe a ... | 1993 | 8443722 |
| changes in levels of mrna encoding myosin heavy chain in porcine trachealis during ontogenesis. | we determined the steady-state level of mrna for myosin heavy chain (mhc) from airway smooth muscle during maturation in domestic swine. tissues were excised, and airway smooth muscle was dissected from three neonatal (neo), three 2-wk-old swine (2ws), three 10-wk-old swine (10ws), and three adult swine. total rna was isolated, fractionated, and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (northern blot). a single-stranded oligonucleotide of 63-nt was synthesized corresponding to the 3' coding regi ... | 1993 | 8448016 |
| plasma levels of several androgens and estrogens from birth to puberty in male domestic pigs. | plasma concentrations for several androgens and estrogens were determined in male domestic pigs from birth to eight months of age. samples (n = 6) of blood were collected from yorkshire males at weekly intervals from birth to four weeks, and thereafter at monthly intervals to eight months. radioimmunoassays were done without extraction from plasma for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione and estrone sulphate. other steroids were measured after solid-phase extraction, separate elution ... | 1993 | 8451912 |
| ligation of the renal pedicle during laparoscopic nephrectomy: a comparison of staples, clips, and sutures. | evaluation of the role of staples, clips, and sutures for laparoscopic ligation of the renal artery revealed that occluding the renal artery with three, 9 mm titanium clips is as secure as occluding the renal artery with standard 2-0 and 0-silk ligatures. however, a triple staggered line of 2.5 mm staples placed across the renal artery was not as secure as either clips or silk sutures. the authors also studied eight female farm pigs who underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with en masse sta ... | 1993 | 8453134 |
| effects of r-pia, a selective a1 adenosine agonist, on haemodynamics and ischaemic arrhythmias in pigs. | adenosine has previously been shown to protect against ischaemia induced ventricular arrhythmias. the aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation of a1 adenosine receptors with a selective agonist also protects against arrhythmias, and to attempt to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. | 1993 | 8458036 |
| coronary pressure-flow regulation in the stunned myocardium. | in this study, we used a swine model to study coronary autoregulation in the stunned myocardium. in 18 domestic swine, the left anterior descending coronary artery was cannulated and flow to this artery controlled via an extracorporeal perfusion circuit. stunning was induced by reducing pump flow to approximately 25% of the baseline value for 15 minutes followed by 1 hour of reperfusion. this ischemia/reperfusion protocol reduced systolic shortening to approximately 50% of control, at 1 hour of ... | 1993 | 8461520 |