| coxiella burnetii infection of a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) found in washington state. | a pregnant sea lion stranded in the state of washington was found to have placentitis caused by a unique strain of coxiella burnetii. this is the first description of coxiellosis in a sea lion and suggests that exposure to sea lions may be a risk factor for contracting q fever. | 2010 | 20592144 |
| successful treatment of a chronic facial abscess using a prolonged release antibiotic copolymer in a golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia). | a 3-yr-old, female captive golden lion tamarin (leontopithecus rosalia) developed an abscess initially within the oral cavity that progressed to the cheek. treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethoxizole/trimethoprim resulted in temporary resolution of the abscess. cultures from the abscess included escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, hemolytic staphylococcus, and serratia marcescens. histopathology was consistent with chronic cellulitis. ceftazidime mixed with ... | 2010 | 20597224 |
| comparing responses of four ungulate species to playbacks of baboon alarm calls. | a growing body of evidence suggests that a wide range of animals can recognize and respond appropriately to calls produced by other species. social learning has been implicated as a possible mechanism by which heterospecific call recognition might develop. to examine whether familiarity and/or shared vulnerability with the calling species might influence the ability of sympatric species to distinguish heterospecific alarm calls, we tested whether four ungulate species (impala: aepyceros melampus ... | 2010 | 20607576 |
| bacteriological study of dacryocystitis among patients attending in menelik ii hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | dacryocystitis usually results from blockage of the nasolacrimal duct. the treatment of such obstruction is surgery. there is a fivefold risk of soft tissue infection after open lacrimal surgery without systemic antibiotic prophylaxis that represents a significant risk of failure in lacrimal surgery. | 2010 | 20607995 |
| malignant lymphoma in african lions (panthera leo). | malignant lymphoma has become an increasingly recognized problem in african lions (panthera leo). eleven african lions (9 male and 2 female) with clinical signs and gross and microscopic lesions of malignant lymphoma were evaluated in this study. all animals were older adults, ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. immunohistochemically, 10 of the 11 lions had t-cell lymphomas (cd3(+), cd79a(-)), and 1 lion was diagnosed with a b-cell lymphoma (cd3(-), cd79a(+)). the spleen appeared to be the prima ... | 2010 | 20610770 |
| polyomavirus infection in a free-ranging california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with intestinal t-cell lymphoma. | an adult female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) that stranded in central california was found to have a small glossal polypoid mass on gross necropsy. histologically, the mass was consistent with a fibropapilloma, and intranuclear inclusions were found within endothelial cells lining small arterioles within the mass. electron microscopy revealed 40-nm virions within endothelial intranuclear inclusions. rolling circle amplification was used to obtain a partial viral genomic sequence. ... | 2010 | 20622238 |
| radiographs reveal exceptional forelimb strength in the sabertooth cat, smilodon fatalis. | the sabertooth cat, smilodon fatalis, was an enigmatic predator without a true living analog. their elongate canine teeth were more vulnerable to fracture than those of modern felids, making it imperative for them to immobilize prey with their forelimbs when making a kill. as a result, their need for heavily muscled forelimbs likely exceeded that of modern felids and thus should be reflected in their skeletons. previous studies on forelimb bones of s. fatalis found them to be relatively robust b ... | 2010 | 20625398 |
| social olfaction in marine mammals: wild female australian sea lions can identify their pup's scent. | historically, anatomical evidence has suggested that marine mammals are anosmic or at best microsmatic, i.e. absent or reduced olfactory capabilities. however, these neuroanatomical considerations may not be appropriate predictors for the use of olfaction in social interactions. observations suggest that pinnipeds may use olfaction in mother-pup interactions, accepting or rejecting pups after naso-nasal contact. such maternal-offspring recognition is a favourable area for investigating the invol ... | 2011 | 20685695 |
| domoic acid induced seizures progress to a chronic state of epilepsy in rats. | the emergence of an epilepsy syndrome in sea lions poisoned by domoic acid (da) draws striking parallels to the single case study of temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) that developed in an 84 yr old man one year after being poisoned by da. to establish a basis for understanding this disease in sea lions and humans that appears to progress from da poisoning, we have investigated the potential for a single incident of da poisoning in rats to progress to spontaneous recurrent seizures (srs), the hallmark ... | 2011 | 20688097 |
| esophageal hiatal hernia in three exotic felines--lynx lynx, puma concolore, panthera leo. | hiatal hernia was diagnosed in three exotic felines-lynx (lynx lynx), cougar (puma concolore), and lion (panthera leo). all cats had a history of anorexia. thoracic and abdominal radiographs showed evidence of a soft tissue mass within the caudal mediastinum suggestive of a hiatal hernia in all animals. a barium esophagram was performed in one case. all animals underwent thoracic or abdominal surgery for hernia reduction. surgical procedures included: intercostal thoracotomy with herniorrhaphy a ... | 2010 | 20722259 |
| standardized protocols for plasma clearance of iohexol are not appropriate for determination of glomerular filtration rates in anesthetized california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | abstract: plasma clearance of iohexol was evaluated in eight anesthetized california sea lions (zalophus californianus), without evidence of renal dysfunction, to determine if the one-compartment model and the sample protocol used in dogs and cats could be applied to this species. nonlinearity between samples in 75% (6/8) of sea lions voided those results. an additional two anesthetized sea lions were sampled at 5, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min post iohexol injection and semi-logarithmi ... | 2010 | 20722269 |
| solenicola setigera is the first characterized member of the abundant and cosmopolitan uncultured marine stramenopile group mast-3. | culture-independent molecular methods based on the amplification, cloning and sequencing of small-subunit (ssu) rrna genes are a powerful tool to study the diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms for which morphological features are not conspicuous. in recent years, molecular data from environmental surveys have revealed several clades of protists lacking cultured and/or described members. among them are various clades of marine stramenopiles (heterokonts), which are thought to pl ... | 2011 | 20722698 |
| rapid onset of maternal vocal recognition in a colonially breeding mammal, the australian sea lion. | in many gregarious mammals, mothers and offspring have developed the abilities to recognise each other using acoustic signals. such capacity may develop at different rates after birth/parturition, varying between species and between the participants, i.e., mothers and young. differences in selective pressures between species, and between mothers and offspring, are likely to drive the timing of the onset of mother-young recognition. we tested the ability of australian sea lion mothers to identify ... | 2010 | 20730045 |
| metabolic bone disease in lion cubs at the london zoo in 1889: the original animal model of rickets. | in 1889 dr. john bland-sutton, a prominent london surgeon, was consulted about fatal rickets in over 20 successive litters of lion cubs born at the london zoo. he evaluated the diet and found the cause of rickets to be nutritional in origin. he recommended that goat meat with crushed bones and cod-liver oil be added to the lean horsemeat diet of the cubs and their mothers. rickets were reversed, the cubs survived, and subsequent litters thrived. thirty years later, in classic controlled studies ... | 2010 | 20804612 |
| effects of trophy hunting on lion and leopard populations in tanzania. | tanzania holds most of the remaining large populations of african lions (panthera leo) and has extensive areas of leopard habitat (panthera pardus), and both species are subjected to sizable harvests by sport hunters. as a first step toward establishing sustainable management strategies, we analyzed harvest trends for lions and leopards across tanzania's 300,000 km(2) of hunting blocks. we summarize lion population trends in protected areas where lion abundance has been directly measured and dat ... | 2011 | 20825444 |
| group dynamics of zebra and wildebeest in a woodland savanna: effects of predation risk and habitat density. | group dynamics of gregarious ungulates in the grasslands of the african savanna have been well studied, but the trade-offs that affect grouping of these ungulates in woodland habitats or dense vegetation are less well understood. we examined the landscape-level distribution of groups of blue wildebeest, connochaetes taurinus, and burchell's zebra, equus burchelli, in a predominantly woodland area (karongwe game reserve, south africa; kgr) to test the hypothesis that group dynamics are a function ... | 2010 | 20862216 |
| renal lesions of nondomestic felids. | to comprehensively evaluate the occurrence of renal lesions in a variety of nondomestic felids, necropsy cases from 1978 to 2008 were reviewed from a municipal zoo and a large cat sanctuary for those in which the kidneys were examined histologically. seventy exotic felids were identified (25 tigers, 18 lions, 6 cougars, 5 leopards, 3 snow leopards, 3 clouded leopards, 3 canadian lynx, 2 ocelots, 2 bobcats, 2 cheetahs, 1 jaguar), and their histologic renal lesions were evaluated and compared. the ... | 2010 | 20876911 |
| is the climate right for pleistocene rewilding? using species distribution models to extrapolate climatic suitability for mammals across continents. | species distribution models (sdms) are increasingly used for extrapolation, or predicting suitable regions for species under new geographic or temporal scenarios. however, sdm predictions may be prone to errors if species are not at equilibrium with climatic conditions in the current range and if training samples are not representative. here the controversial "pleistocene rewilding" proposal was used as a novel example to address some of the challenges of extrapolating modeled species-climate re ... | 2010 | 20877563 |
| female reproductive cycles of wild female felids. | many felid species are endangered because of destructive human activities. as a result, zoos are being tasked with sustaining genetically healthy populations in case of catastrophic extinctions. unfortunately, with the exception of a few species, most felids do not reproduce well in captivity. the ability to track reproductive activity via hormones is key to developing successful ex situ breeding programs. through the development of noninvasive fecal hormone monitoring techniques, a high degree ... | 2010 | 20888156 |
| in vitro antioxidant properties, hiv-1 reverse transcriptase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects of traditional herbal preparations sold in south africa. | the antioxidant potentials for fourteen multipurpose traditional herbal preparations sold in south africa were determined using the dpph radical scavenging, ferric reducing power and β-carotene-linoleic acid model system, the anti-hiv-1 reverse transcriptase (rt) enzyme inhibitory effects using an elisa kit and acetylcholinesterase (ache) enzyme inhibition using the microtitre plate assay. nine of the herbal mixtures (umzimba omubi, umuthi wekukhwehlela ne zilonda, mvusa ukunzi, umpatisa inkosi, ... | 2010 | 20938401 |
| serologic evaluation of new zealand sea lions for exposure to brucella and leptospira spp. | a serologic survey of anti-brucella and antileptospiral antibodies was conducted on 147 adult, female new zealand sea lions (phocarctos hookeri). most sea lions (n=138) were sampled at sandy bay, enderby island, auckland islands (50°30's, 166°17'e), january 2000-march 2005. nine were sampled at otago, new zealand (46°0's, 170°40'e); four in april 2008 and five in march 2009. serum from one of the enderby island females was weakly positive for antibodies to brucella abortus using the competitive ... | 2010 | 20966283 |
| disease transmission in territorial populations: the small-world network of serengeti lions. | territoriality in animal populations creates spatial structure that is thought to naturally buffer disease invasion. often, however, territorial populations also include highly mobile, non-residential individuals that potentially serve as disease superspreaders. using long-term data from the serengeti lion project, we characterize the contact network structure of a territorial wildlife population and address the epidemiological impact of nomadic individuals. as expected, pride contacts are domin ... | 2010 | 21030428 |
| evaluation of butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam as a reversible narcotic combination in free-ranging african lions (panthera leo). | to evaluate the effects of the combination butorphanol, medetomidine and midazolam (bmm) and its reversibility in lions. | 2010 | 21040373 |
| phylogenetic analysis of marine mammal herpesviruses. | five novel dna-dependent dna polymerase (dpol) herpesviral sequences were generated using nested consensus polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in clinical samples from a harbor seal (phoca vitulina), bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus), orca (orcinus orca), california sea lion (zalophus californianus), and a phocid herpesvirus 2 (phhv-2) isolate from a harbor seal (used as positive control). these novel sequences and other representative herpesvirus sequences were included in bayesian and maximu ... | 2010 | 21055885 |
| chemical characterization of milk oligosaccharides of an african lion (panthera leo) and a clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa). | the carnivora include the superfamilies canoidea and feloidea. in species of canoidea other than the domestic dog, canis lupus, the milk contains only traces of lactose and much larger concentrations of oligosaccharides. in this study, lactose was found to be the dominant saccharide in the milk or colostrum of two species of feloidea, namely the african lion (panthera leo) and the clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa). in addition to lactose, the following oligosaccharides were characterized in th ... | 2010 | 21108689 |
| novel hemotrophic mycoplasma identified in naturally infected california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the hemoplasmas are the trivial name for a group of erythrocyte-parasitizing, non-cultivable in vitro bacteria of the genus mycoplasma that have been described in several mammalian hosts worldwide. this study is the first report of hemoplasmas in marine mammals. edta anticoagulated whole blood samples from 137 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and 20 northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) admitted to the marine mammal center (sausalito, ca; www.marinemammalcenter.org) or l ... | 2010 | 21111543 |
| primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. | pachydermoperiostosis pdp (idiopathic or primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy) is a rare congenital disease that inherited in an autosomal fashion. the disease is more common in males and develops gradually from adulthood. the disease is characterized by coarse facial features, clubbing of the fingers and radiographic periostitis of the distal long bones. the patient was a 37-year-old man with acroosteolysis and digital clubbing of hands and feet fingers and lion facies. | 2010 | 21125281 |
| cutaneous sarcoids in captive african lions associated with feline sarcoid-associated papillomavirus infection. | solitary and multiple cutaneous and mucocutaneous masses were identified in 5 of 24 captive african lions (panthera leo) over a 6-month-period. all masses were surgically excised, and all were histologically similar to equine and feline sarcoids. dna was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. polymerase chain reaction amplified dna sequences that had been previously detected in feline sarcoids and clinically normal bovine skin. all lions had been fed a diet that included bovine ... | 2010 | 21169593 |
| cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of two types of wild rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses characterized the structural features of lagovirus. | rabbit hemorrhagic disease was described in china in 1984 and can cause hemorrhagic necrosis of the liver within two or three days after infection. the etiological agent, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), belongs to the lagovirus genus in the caliciviridae family. compared to other calicivirus, such as rnv and smsv, the structure of lagovirus members is not well characterized. in this report, structures of two types of wild rhdv particles, the intact virion and the core-like particle (clp ... | 2010 | 21203997 |
| evolutionary glycomics: characterization of milk oligosaccharides in primates. | free oligosaccharides are abundant components of mammalian milk and have primary roles as prebiotic compounds, in immune defense, and in brain development. a mass spectrometry-based technique is applied to profile milk oligosaccharides from apes (chimpanzee, gorilla, and siamang), new world monkeys (golden lion tamarin and common marmoset), and an old world monkey (rhesus). the purpose of this study is to evaluate the patterns of primate milk oligosaccharide composition from a phylogenetic persp ... | 2011 | 21214271 |
| cylicospirura species (nematoda: spirocercidae) and stomach nodules in cougars (puma concolor) and bobcats (lynx rufus) in oregon. | the stomachs and proximal duodena of 160 cougars (puma concolor) and 17 bobcats (lynx rufus), obtained throughout oregon during 7 yr, were examined for cylicospirura spp. and associated lesions. prevalence in cougars was 73%, with a range in intensity of 1-562 worms. the mean diameter of nodules was 1.2 cm (sd=0.5), and many extended through the submucosa to the muscularis. about 83% of cougars had nodules; most nodules contained worms, but 14% of the smaller nodules (<0.2 cm) contained porcupin ... | 2011 | 21270003 |
| segniliparus rugosus-associated bronchiolitis in california sea lion. | | 2011 | 21291617 |
| fiber type and metabolic characteristics of lion (panthera leo), caracal (caracal caracal) and human skeletal muscle. | lion (panthera leo) and caracal (caracal caracal) skeletal muscle samples from vastus lateralis, longissimus dorsi and gluteus medius were analyzed for fiber type and citrate synthase (cs; ec 2.3.3.1), 3-hydroxyacyl co a dehydrogenase (3had; ec 1.1.1.35), phosphofructokinase-1 (pfk; ec 2.7.1.11), creatine kinase (ck; ec 2.7.3.2), phosphorylase (phos; ec 2.4.1.1) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh; ec 1.1.1.27) activities and compared to human runners, the latter also serving as validation of methodo ... | 2011 | 21320626 |
| investigations of peritoneal and intestinal infections of adult hookworms (uncinaria spp.) in northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) and california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups on san miguel island, california (2003). | the peritoneal cavity (pnc) and intestine of northern fur seal (callorhinus ursinus) pups and california sea lion (zalophus californianus) pups that died in late july and early august, 2003, on san miguel island, california, were examined for hookworms. prevalence and morphometric studies were done with the hookworms in addition to molecular characterization. based on this and previous molecular studies, hookworms from fur seals are designated as uncinaria lucasi and the species from sea lions a ... | 2011 | 21347520 |
| ddt in endangered galapagos sea lions (zalophus wollebaeki). | we characterize for the first time the presence of ddt and its metabolites in tropical galapagos sea lions (zalophus wolleabeki). ?ddt concentrations in galapagos sea lion pups sampled in 2005 and 2008 ranged from 16 to 3070 µg/kg lipid. concentrations of ?ddt in pups in 2008 averaged 525 µg/kg lipid and were 1.9 times higher than that (281 µg/kg lipid) detected in pups in 2005. these concentrations are lower than those reported in many pinnipeds elsewhere, comparable to those in hawaiian monk s ... | 2011 | 21353257 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of lentivirus infection in lions (panthera leo). | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) is a lentivirus in the retroviridae family that causes lifelong infection in domestic cats. the lentivirus of african lions (panthera leo), referred to as fivple, is endemic in certain lion populations in eastern and southern africa. lentivirus infection leads to immunologic dysfunction and immunosuppressive disease in domestic cats; however, little is known about the pathogenic effects of infection in lions, nor about the epidemiologic impact on free-ranging ... | 2010 | 21370640 |
| the fossil bovidae (artiodactyla, mammalia) from gesher benot ya'aqov, israel: out of africa during the early-middle pleistocene transition. | we report the study of the collection of fossil bovid specimens from the early-middle pleistocene acheulian site of gesher benot ya'aqov. this locality, situated in the levantine corridor (the bottleneck that connects africa and eurasia) is a key site to explain the faunal and human dispersals out of africa during the matuyama/brunhes boundary around 0.8ma. two species of bovine (bos sp., and bovini gen. et sp. indet. cf. bison sp.), one antelope (gazella sp. cf. g. gazella), and another indeter ... | 2010 | 21392634 |
| metagenomic identification of a novel anellovirus in pacific harbor seal (phoca vitulina richardsii) lung samples and its detection in samples from multiple years. | to investigate viral pathogens potentially involved in a mortality event of 21 pacific harbor seals (phoca vitulina richardsii) in california in 2000, viral metagenomics was performed directly on lung samples from five individuals. metagenomics revealed a novel seal anellovirus (sealav), which clusters phylogenetically with anelloviruses from california sea lions and domestic cats. using specific pcr, sealav was identified in lung tissue from two of five animals involved in the 2000 mortality ev ... | 2011 | 21402596 |
| leadership in elephants: the adaptive value of age. | the value of age is well recognized in human societies, where older individuals often emerge as leaders in tasks requiring specialized knowledge, but what part do such individuals play in other social species? despite growing interest in how effective leadership might be achieved in animal social systems, the specific role that older leaders may play in decision-making has rarely been experimentally investigated. here, we use a novel playback paradigm to demonstrate that in african elephants (lo ... | 2011 | 21411454 |
| human disturbance influences reproductive success and growth rate in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the environment is currently undergoing changes at both global (e.g., climate change) and local (e.g., tourism, pollution, habitat modification) scales that have the capacity to affect the viability of animal and plant populations. many of these changes, such as human disturbance, have an anthropogenic origin and therefore may be mitigated by management action. to do so requires an understanding of the impact of human activities and changing environmental conditions on population dynamics. we in ... | 2011 | 21436887 |
| characterization of california sea lion polyomavirus 1: expansion of the known host range of the polyomaviridae to carnivora. | the genome of a novel polyomavirus first identified in a proliferative tongue lesion of a california sea lion (zalophus californianus) is reported. this is only the third described polyomavirus of laurasiatherian mammals, is the first of the three associated with a lesion, and is the first known polyomavirus of a host in the order carnivora. predicted large t, small t, vp1, vp2, and vp3 genes were identified based on homology to proteins of known polyomaviruses, and a putative agnoprotein was id ... | 2011 | 21453794 |
| discovery of three novel coccidian parasites infecting california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with evidence of sexual replication and interspecies pathogenicity. | abstract enteric protozoal infection was identified in 5 stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus). microscopically, the apical cytoplasm of distal jejunal enterocytes contained multiple stages of coccidian parasites, including schizonts with merozoites and spherical gametocytes, morphologically similar to coccidian parasites. by histopathology, organisms appeared to be confined to the intestine and accompanied by only mild enteritis. using electron microscopy, both sexual (microgam ... | 2011 | 21495828 |
| re-discovery and genomic characterization of bovine astroviruses. | the genus mamastrovirus belongs to the family astroviridae and consists of at least 6 members infecting different mammalian hosts, including humans, cattle and pigs. in recent years, novel astroviruses have been identified in other mammalian species like roe deer, bats and sea lions. while the bovine astrovirus was one of the earliest astroviruses to have been studied, no further research has been performed recently and its genome sequence remains uncharacterized. in this report, we describe the ... | 2011 | 21508185 |
| cultural narratives and the succession scenario: slumdog millionaire and other popular films and fictions. | an approach to the analysis of cultural narratives is proposed drawing inspiration from lévi-strauss's analysis of myths as fantasied resolutions of conflicts and contradictions in culture and of typical dilemmas of human life. an example of such an analysis revolves around contradictions in the western cultural construction of the succession of generations. the logic of the structural analysis of cultural representations is explicated, the schema of the succession scenario is laid out, and the ... | 2011 | 21518369 |
| relative quantity judgments in south american sea lions (otaria flavescens). | there is accumulating evidence that a variety of species possess quantitative abilities although their cognitive substrate is still unclear. this study is the first to investigate whether sea lions (otaria flavescens), in the absence of training, are able to assess and select the larger of two sets of quantities. in experiment 1, the two sets of quantities were presented simultaneously as whole sets, that is, the subjects could compare them directly. in experiment 2, the two sets of quantities w ... | 2011 | 21526363 |
| non-invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid metabolites in brown hyaena (hyaena brunnea) feces. | the brown hyaena (hyaena brunnea) is the least known of the large predators of southern africa. the current iucn status of the brown hyaena is "near threatened", and there are conservation concerns related to a general lack of biological knowledge of the species. for instance, a better knowledge of the responses to environmental and social stressors would improve our abilities to sustainably manage brown hyaena populations in both captive and free-ranging environments. we conducted adrenocortico ... | 2010 | 21538501 |
| big cat phylogenies, consensus trees, and computational thinking. | abstract phylogenetics seeks to deduce the pattern of relatedness between organisms by using a phylogeny or evolutionary tree. for a given set of organisms or taxa, there may be many evolutionary trees depicting how these organisms evolved from a common ancestor. as a result, consensus trees are a popular approach for summarizing the shared evolutionary relationships in a group of trees. we examine these consensus techniques by studying how the pantherine lineage of cats (clouded leopard, jaguar ... | 2011 | 21563975 |
| minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of african ungulates. | studies that focus on single predator-prey interactions can be inadequate for understanding antipredator responses in multi-predator systems. yet there is still a general lack of information about the strategies of prey to minimize predation risk from multiple predators at the landscape level. here we examined the distribution of seven african ungulate species in the fenced karongwe game reserve (kgr), south africa, as a function of predation risk from all large carnivore species (lion, leopard, ... | 2011 | 21618919 |
| [alcohol consumption, smoking and drug abuse among teenagers - a prospective study.] | many of the social and health problems of teenagers today are related to the use of intoxicating drugs. in 1990 the use of lions quest began in primary schools in iceland. with lions quest the young are taught life skills in order to be helped to live a healthy life without tobacco, alcohol or other intoxicating drugs. the aim of this study, therefore, was to try to determine what factors influence teenage use of intoxicants and whether the attitudes and drug consumption of those teenagers who h ... | 1994 | 21593543 |
| addendum to “the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of hexavalent chromium in steller sea lion lung fibroblasts compared to human lung fibroblasts” [comp biochem physiol c toxicol pharmacol. 152(1)91–8. | | 2011 | 21812147 |
| fear of darkness, the full moon and the nocturnal ecology of african lions. | nocturnal carnivores are widely believed to have played an important role in human evolution, driving the need for night-time shelter, the control of fire and our innate fear of darkness. however, no empirical data are available on the effects of darkness on the risks of predation in humans. we performed an extensive analysis of predatory behavior across the lunar cycle on the largest dataset of lion attacks ever assembled and found that african lions are as sensitive to moonlight when hunting h ... | 2011 | 21799812 |
| discovery of an orthoreovirus in the aborted fetus of a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). | an aborted mid-gestational male steller sea lion fetus with an attached placenta was recovered on the floor of an open floating capture trap located off norris rock near denman island, british columbia. viral culture of the placenta demonstrated cytopathic effect. although no specific signal was obtained in microarray experiments using rna obtained from viral culture, elution and sequence analysis revealed the presence of a reovirus. complete genome pyrosequencing led to the identification of an ... | 2011 | 21795475 |
| the fecal viral flora of california sea lions. | california sea lions are one of the major marine mammal species along the pacific coast of north america. sea lions are susceptible to wide variety of viruses, some of which can be transmitted to or from terrestrial mammals. using an unbiased viral metagenomic approach we surveyed the fecal virome in california sea lions of different ages and health status. an average of 1.6 and 2.5 distinct mammalian viral species was shed by pups and juvenile sea lions respectively. previously undescribed, mam ... | 2011 | 21795334 |
| isolation of a novel adenovirus from california sea lions zalophus californianus. | viral hepatitis associated with adenoviral infection has been reported in california sea lions zalophus californianus admitted to rehabilitation centers along the california coast since the 1970s. canine adenovirus 1 (cadv-1) causes viral hepatitis in dogs and infects a number of wildlife species. attempts to isolate the virus from previous sea lion hepatitis cases were unsuccessful, but as the hepatitis had morphologic features resembling canine infectious hepatitis, and since the virus has a w ... | 2011 | 21790072 |
| hippobosca longipennis - a potential intermediate host of a species of acanthocheilonema in dogs in northern india. | abstract: background: hippobosca longipennis (the 'dog louse fly') is a blood sucking ectoparasite found on wild carnivores such as cheetahs and lions and domesticated and feral dogs in africa, the middle east and asia, including china. known as an intermediate host for acanthocheilonema dracunculoides and a transport host for cheyletiella yasguri, it has also been suggested that h. longipennis may be a vector for other pathogens, including acanthocheilonema sp. ? nov., which was recently report ... | 2011 | 21781294 |
| what makes an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) male's bark threatening? | in mammals, vocal signals are produced in many social contexts and convey diverse information about the emitter (social rank, individual identity, body size-condition). to understand their biological function, the authors find it is not only important to estimate the information about the signaler encoded in the signal but also to determine if and how this information is perceived by the receiver. in male pinnipeds (phocids, otariids, and odobenids) vocal signaling plays an important role in the ... | 2011 | 21767004 |
| depiction of facial nerve paresis in the gallery of portraits carved in stone by george matthew the dalmatian on the sibenik cathedral dating from the 15th century. | the introductory segment of this paper briefly describes george matthew the dalmatian, the architect who, between 1441 and 1473, oversaw the construction of the cathedral of st. james in sibenik, a city on the croatian side of the adriatic coast. of the most impressive details included in this monumental construction and sculptural flamboyant gothic production infused with distinctive dalmatian spirit is a frieze of 71 stone and three lion portraits encircling the outer apse wall. from the intri ... | 2011 | 21755741 |
| inbreeding depression increases susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis in lions: an experimental test using an inbred-outbred contrast through translocation. | disease can dramatically influence the dynamics of endangered wildlife populations, especially when they are small and isolated, with increased risk of inbreeding. in hluhluwe-imfolozi park (hip), a small, enclosed reserve in south africa, a large lion (panthera leo) population arose from a small founder group in the 1960s and started showing conspicuous signs of inbreeding. to restore the health status of the hip lion population, outbred lions were translocated into the existing population. in ... | 2011 | 21719814 |
| characterisation of the wildlife reservoir community for human and animal trypanosomiasis in the luangwa valley, zambia. | animal and human trypanosomiasis are constraints to both animal and human health in sub-saharan africa, but there is little recent evidence as to how these parasites circulate in wild hosts in natural ecosystems. the luangwa valley in zambia supports high densities of tsetse flies (glossina species) and is recognised as an historical sleeping sickness focus. the objective of this study was to characterise the nature of the reservoir community for trypanosomiasis in the absence of influence from ... | 2011 | 21713019 |
| fiv diversity: fiv(ple) subtype composition may influence disease outcome in african lions. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infects domestic cats and at least 20 additional species of non-domestic felids throughout the world. strains specific to domestic cat (fiv(fca)) produce aids-like disease progression, sequelae and pathology providing an informative model for hiv infection in humans. less is known about the immunological and pathological influence of fiv in other felid species although multiple distinct strains of fiv circulate in natural populations. as in hiv-1 and hiv-2, mu ... | 2011 | 21723622 |
| Otariodibacter oris gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pasteurellaceae isolated from the oral cavity of pinnipeds. | A total of 27 bacterial isolates from California sea lions and a walrus tentatively classified with the family Pasteurellaceae were further characterized by geno- and phenotypic tests. Phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences showed that the isolates investigated formed a monophyletic group, tentatively designated Bisgaard taxon 57. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence, the closest related validly named species was Bisgaardia hudsonensis with 95 % similarity and the close ... | 2011 | 22199211 |
| S100A expression in normal corneal-limbal epithelial cells and ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma tissue. | To study the expression and cellular distribution of multiple S100A genes and proteins in normal corneal-limbal epithelium and ocular surface squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissue. | 2011 | 21897749 |
| Specific PCR detection of tiger, leopard, and lion ingredients from test samples. | A PCR method was developed for specific detection of tiger, leopard, and lion DNA from test specimens for inspection and quarantine or for law-enforced animal protection. Three pairs of specific primers were designed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of tiger, leopard, and lion and used in the PCR testing. To mimic the effect of food processing on the sensitivity of the test, the tiger muscle and bovine bonemeal powder samples were treated at 133 degrees C for 30 min. At this processi ... | 2011 | 21919352 |
| health status, infection and disease in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) studied using a canine microarray platform and machine-learning approaches. | conservation biologists face many challenges in assessing health, immune status and infectious diseases in protected species. these challenges include unpredictable sample populations, diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds of the animals, as well as the practical, legal and ethical issues involved in experimentation. the use of whole genome scale transcriptomics with animal samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner is an approach that shows promise for health assessment. in this st ... | 2011 | 22067742 |
| domoic acid induced status epilepticus promotes aggressive behavior in rats. | domoic acid (da), a naturally occurring environmental toxin, has been observed to induce status epilepticus in humans, sea lions and pelicans. in a recent sprague dawley rat model, domoic acid dosing induced a state of status epilepticus which, after a symptom-free latent period without further dosing, progressed to recurrent spontaneous seizures, a hallmark of epilepsy. certain individuals in this study also developed unusual behavioral changes, in particular an atypical aggression towards cons ... | 2012 | 21875611 |
| computed tomographic examination of south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) with suspected mycobacterium pinnipedii infection. | ten south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) were presented for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of tuberculosis following known exposure to mycobacterium pinnipedii. ct was used to determine whether foci of calcification in mediastinal lymph nodes, typically associated with pinniped tuberculosis, could be detected and whether ct was a useful diagnostic modality, in conjunction with other tests, for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in this species. blood was collected from the caudal gluteal v ... | 2011 | 21984562 |
| neurological disease rises from ocean to bring model for human epilepsy to life. | domoic acid of macroalgal origin was used for traditional and medicinal purposes in japan and largely forgotten until its rediscovery in diatoms that poisoned 107 people after consumption of contaminated mussels. the more severely poisoned victims had seizures and/or amnesia and four died; however, one survivor unexpectedly developed temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) a year after the event. nearly a decade later, several thousand sea lions have stranded on california beaches with neurological symptom ... | 2010 | 22069654 |
| molecular characterization of hepatozoon spp. infection in endangered indian wild felids and canids. | hepatozoon species are parasites that infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. the objective of this study was to perform the molecular detection and characterization of hepatozoon spp. in asiatic lion, indian tiger, indian leopard, indian wild dog, indian domestic dog and cat based on partial 18s rrna gene sequences from hepatozoon spp. in the naturally infected animals. hepatozoon spp. could be detected in blood samples of 5 out of 9 asiatic lions, 2 out of 5 indian tigers, 2 out of ... | 2011 | 22154254 |
| early animal models of rickets and proof of a nutritional deficiency hypothesis. | abstract: in the period between 1880 and 1930 the role of nutrition and of a nutritional deficiency as a cause of rickets was established based upon the results from six animal models of rickets. this highly prevalent condition (60-90% in some locales) in children of the industrialized world was an important clinical research topic. what had to be reconciled was that rickets was associated with infections, with crowding, and with living in northern latitudes, and cod liver oil was observed to pr ... | 2011 | 22134552 |
| mitogenomic analysis of the genus panthera. | the complete sequences of the mitochondrial dna genomes of panthera tigris, panthera pardus, and panthera uncia were determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. the lengths of the complete mitochondrial dna sequences of the three species were 16990, 16964, and 16773 bp, respectively. each of the three mitochondrial dna genomes included 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trna, two rrna, one o(l)r, and one control region. the structures of the genomes were highly similar to those of felis catu ... | 2011 | 22038004 |
| unintended consequences of conservation actions: managing disease in complex ecosystems. | infectious diseases are increasingly recognised to be a major threat to biodiversity. disease management tools such as control of animal movements and vaccination can be used to mitigate the impact and spread of diseases in targeted species. they can reduce the risk of epidemics and in turn the risks of population decline and extinction. however, all species are embedded in communities and interactions between species can be complex, hence increasing the chance of survival of one species can hav ... | 2011 | 22163323 |
| identification of two novel coccidian species shed by california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | abstract routine fecal examination revealed novel coccidian oocysts in asymptomatic californa sea lions (zalophus californianus) in a rehabilitation facility. coccidian oocysts were observed in fecal samples collected from 15 of 410 california sea lions admitted to the marine mammal center between april 2007 and october 2009. phylogenetic analysis using the full its-1 region, partial small subunit 18s rdna sequence and the apicomplexa rpob region identified 2 distinct sequence clades, referred ... | 2011 | 22091999 |
| Contacts between domestic livestock and wildlife at the Kruger National Park Interface of the Republic of South Africa. | One of the most important transboundary animal diseases (TADs) in the southern African region is foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). In this region, a pathway for spread of FMD virus is contacts between cattle and certain species of wildlife. The objective of this study was to evaluate contacts between cattle and wildlife in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and the adjacent Limpopo province for the time periods October 2006 to March 2007 and April to September 2007. In this study, 87 livestock owners an ... | 2012 | 21907434 |
| sealpox virus in marine mammal rehabilitation facilities, north america, 2007-2009. | sealpox, a zoonotic disease affecting pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), can occur among captive and convalescing animals. we surveyed 1 worker each from 11 marine mammal centers and interviewed 31 other marine mammal workers to ascertain their knowledge of and experience with sealpox virus and to identify factors associated with sealpox virus outbreaks among pinnipeds in marine rehabilitation facilities. demographic and health data were obtained for 1,423 pinnipeds at the 11 facilities. among the ... | 2011 | 22172454 |
| forensic scatology: preliminary experimental study of the preparation and potential for identification of captive carnivore scat. | carnivore scats recovered from animal attack and/or scavenging contexts frequently contain forensic evidence such as human bone fragments. forensic cases with carnivore involvement are increasingly prevalent, necessitating a methodology for the recovery and analysis of scat evidence. this study proposes a method for the safe preparation of carnivore scat, recovery of bone inclusions, and quantification and comparison of scat variables. fourteen scats (lion, jaguar, lynx, wolf, and coyote) were p ... | 2011 | 21923796 |
| Clustering Is a Feature of the Spiral Ganglion in the Basal Turn. | Objective: To demonstrate the organization of the spiral ganglion in the mammalian species. Methods: Temporal bone (TB) specimens from man (n = 2), monkey (n = 2), lion (n = 2) and cat (n = 20) were stained, decalcified and dissected according to the Sudan black B method of Rasmussen. These TB specimens were examined under a Zeiss operating microscope and photographed with a Canon 100 camera interfaced with the microscope. Results: Spiral ganglion cells occurred in clusters within Rosenthal's ca ... | 2011 | 22205393 |
| serological evidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive marine mammals in mexico. | toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is important because they are considered as a sentinel for contamination of seas with t. gondii oocysts, and toxoplasmosis causes mortality in these animals, particularly sea otters. serological evidence of t. gondii infection was determined in 75 captive marine mammals from four facilities in southern and central geographical regions in mexico using the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies (mat, 1:25 or higher) to t. gondii were found in 55 ... | 2011 | 21944844 |
| Do Père David's deer lose memories of their ancestral predators? | Whether prey retains antipredator behavior after a long period of predator relaxation is an important question in predator-prey evolution. Père David's deer have been raised in enclosures for more than 1200 years and this isolation provides an opportunity to study whether Père David's deer still respond to the cues of their ancestral predators or to novel predators. We played back the sounds of crows (familiar sound) and domestic dogs (familiar non-predators), of tigers and wolves (ancestral pre ... | 2011 | 21887286 |
| Picture recognition of food by macaques (Macaca silenus). | Pictorial representations of three-dimensional objects are often used to investigate animal cognitive abilities; however, investigators rarely evaluate whether the animals conceptualize the two-dimensional image as the object it is intended to represent. We tested for picture recognition in lion-tailed macaques by presenting five monkeys with digitized images of familiar foods on a touch screen. Monkeys viewed images of two different foods and learned that they would receive a piece of the one t ... | 2011 | 21918870 |
| Characterization of a novel papillomavirus species (ZcPV1) from two California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). | A seven-year old California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) presented with focally extensive, bilaterally symmetric, proliferative axillary skin lesions and preputial lesions. A second California sea lion in the same population presented with similar proliferative lesions on the underside of the tail. Histopathology revealed epidermal hyperplasia with severe hyperkeratosis, with proliferating keratinocytes forming broad, branching pegs that extended into the dermis. Pan-papillomaviral consensu ... | 2011 | 22005176 |
| quantification and molecular characterization of the feline leukemia virus a receptor. | virus receptors and their expression patterns on the cell surface determine the cell tropism of the virus, host susceptibility and the pathogenesis of the infection. feline thiamine transport protein 1 (fthtr1) has been identified as the receptor for feline leukemia virus (felv) a. the goal of the present study was to develop a quantitative, taqman real-time pcr assay to investigate fthtr1 mrna expression in tissues of uninfected and felv-infected cats, cats of different ages, in tumor tissues a ... | 2011 | 21889617 |
| the curse of the prey: sarcoptes mite molecular analysis reveals potential prey-to-predator parasitic infestation in wild animals from masai mara, kenya. | recently, there have been attempts to understand the molecular epidemiology of sarcoptes scabiei, to evaluate the gene flow between isolates of s. scabiei from different hosts and geographic regions. however, to our knowledge, a molecular study has not been carried out to assess the molecular diversity and gene flow of sarcoptes mite in a predator/prey ecosystem. | 2011 | 21978557 |
| aerobic oral and rectal bacteria of free-ranging steller sea lion pups and juveniles (eumetopias jubatus) in alaska. | bacteriologic cultures from oral, rectal, and lesion samples from free-ranging steller sea lion (ssl, eumetopias jubatus) pups and juveniles in alaska (2001-2005) were examined to determine frequency of infection by a specific subset of common and pathogenic aerobic bacteria. associations between isolated bacteria and age, sex, body condition, location, and sampling season were investigated. salmonella spp. isolates were further evaluated to determine spatial clustering (n=48) and to identify se ... | 2011 | 22102651 |
| an outbreak of canine distemper virus in tigers (panthera tigris): possible transmission from wild animals to zoo animals. | canine distemper virus (cdv), a morbillivirus that causes one of the most contagious and lethal viral diseases known in canids, has an expanding host range, including wild animals. since december 2009, several dead or dying wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) were found in and around one safari-style zoo in japan, and cdv was isolated from four of these animals. in the subsequent months (january to february 2010), 12 tigers (panthera tigris) in the zoo developed respiratory and gastroin ... | 2011 | 22214864 |
| genetic analysis reveals population structuring and a bottleneck in the black-faced lion tamarin (leontopithecus caissara). | the ability of a population to evolve in a changing environment may be compromised by human-imposed barriers to gene flow. we investigated the population structure and the possible occurrence of a genetic bottleneck in two isolated populations of the black-faced lion tamarin (leontopithecus caissara), a species with very reduced numbers (less than 400) in a very restricted range in the atlantic forest of southeast brazil. we determined the genotypes of 52 individuals across 9 microsatellite loci ... | 2012 | 22236831 |
| progressive parenting behavior in wild golden lion tamarins. | young primates in the family callitrichidae (the marmosets and tamarins) receive extensive and relatively prolonged care from adults. of particular note, callitrichid young are routinely provisioned until well after weaning by parents and helpers, which is in stark contrast to typical juvenile primates, who must acquire most of their food independently once they are weaned. adults of some callitrichid species produce a specialized vocalization that encourages immature group members to take proff ... | 2011 | 22479136 |
| the first case report of leishmania (leishmania) chagasi in panthera leo in brazil. | we reported here the first known case of natural infection of a lion (panthera leo-linnaeus, 1758) with leishmania (leishmania) chagasi (l. chagasi) in brazil. the specimen was created by a circus handler in the state of mato grosso and was donated to the zoological park of the federal university of mato grosso. infection by l. chagasi was detected using a pcr-rflp test. it was known that the domestic felids can act as reservoir of infection of l. chagasi in endemic areas, making it important th ... | 2011 | 23569768 |
| pinniped tuberculosis in malayan tapirs (tapirus indicus) and its transmission to other terrestrial mammals. | in the last 7 yr, three different species of terrestrial mammals were diagnosed with mycobacterium pinnipedii either within one collection or through the introduction of an infected animal from another zoo. the affected species included the malayan tapir (tapirus indicus), bactrian camel (camelus bactrianus bactrianus), and crested porcupine (hystrix cristata). in the first zoo, all of these were living in exhibits adjacent to a group of south american sea lions (otariaflavescens) and were cared ... | 2011 | 22946398 |
| molecular characterisation of mycobacterium bovis isolated from african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) in hluhluwe-imfolozi park in kwazulu-natal, south africa. | bovine tuberculosis (btb), a chronic disease of mammals caused by mycobacterium bovis, is a threat to south african wildlife. it has been reported that african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) are reservoir hosts of btb in south african wildlife populations. this study reports on the molecular identification and typing of 31 m. bovis isolates collected between 1993 and 2008, mainly from buffaloes but also from two lions and a bush pig, in the hluhluwe-imfolozi park (hip) in kwazulu-natal. to study th ... | 2011 | 23327208 |
| rabies virus and canine distemper virus in wild and domestic carnivores in northern kenya: are domestic dogs the reservoir? | rabies virus (rv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) can cause significant mortality in wild carnivore populations, and rv threatens human lives. we investigated serological patterns of exposure to cdv and rv in domestic dogs (canis familiaris), african wild dogs (lycaon pictus), black-backed jackals (canis mesomelas), spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta), striped hyenas (hyaena hyaena) and african lions (panthera leo), over a 10-year period, in a kenyan rangeland to assess the role domestic dogs may ... | 2012 | 23459924 |
| avoidance of mammalian predators by patas monkeys (erythrocebus patas) in a risk landscape. | primates and felids often occupy the same landscape, hence evolutionary theory predicts that proximate predator-prey mechanisms will influence both groups' ecology. erythrocebus patas are potentially vulnerable to a number of predators and exhibit an array of morphological and behavioural predator avoidance strategies. here, two concurrent studies, one on e. patas and one on the mammalian carnivore assemblage, in the acacia drepanolobium woodland of sweetwaters game reserve (sgr), laikipia, keny ... | 2012 | 23363589 |
| a lion in the room: youth living with hiv. | this qualitative study conducted in rural and urban georgia was designed to understand the experience of youth living with hiv who received health care from community-based and aids service organizations. the interview guide was developed by the authors within a health improvement context, and data analysis focused on thematic content. twenty-nine youth, 13 to 24 years of age, volunteered to be interviewed, either in focus groups or independently. the major thematic findings were taking pills, h ... | 2012 | 23362629 |
| occurrence of pasteurellaceae bacteria in the oral cavity of selected marine mammal species. | the occurrence of bacteria belonging to pasteurellaceae in the oral cavity of captive marine mammals was investigated using culture and subsequent geno- and phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analyses. a total of 89 bacterial isolates from pinnipeds tentatively classified with the family pasteurellaceae were further characterized by phylogenetic analysis of rpob gene sequences, which showed that the isolates investigated formed five distinct groups. four strains from california sea lio ... | 2012 | 23272350 |
| life under water: physiological adaptations to diving and living at sea. | this review covers the field of diving physiology by following a chronological approach and focusing heavily on marine mammals. because the study of modern diving physiology can be traced almost entirely to the work of laurence irving in the 1930s, this particular field of physiology is different than most in that it did not derive from multiple laboratories working at many locations or on different aspects of a similar problem. because most of the physiology principles still used today were fir ... | 2012 | 23723028 |
| the effects of a probiotic on blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations in large felids. | chronic kidney disease is a common finding in older captive exotic felids. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a probiotic to reduce blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in large felids. fifteen adult, large felids (6 tigers [panthera tigris], 5 lions [panthera leo], 3 cougars [puma concolor], and 1 leopard [panthera pardus]) were administered a probiotic twice daily after a baseline complete blood cell count and plasma chemistry panel was obtained. plasma chemistry valu ... | 2011 | 22950314 |
| swimming in the california sea lion: morphometrics, drag and energetics. | during swimming, the california sea lion, zalophus californianus (lesson), generates thrust forces solely by means of its pectoral flippers. this study examines the drag, energetic cost and efficiency associated with this method of locomotion. sea lions are highly streamlined, with a fineness ratio of 5.5 and maximum girth at 40% of body length. this profile leads to reduced drag and swimming power requirements. films of gliding animals showed the drag coefficient (based on wetted surface area) ... | 2013 | 3694112 |
| renal blood flow in a diving trained sea lion. | | 2015 | 4700914 |
| lymphosarcoma and blockage of the biliary duct in an african lion (panthera leo). | | 1987 | 260524 |
| california sea lion underwater auditory detection and variation of reinforcement schedules. | | 2005 | 1262600 |
| skills for adolescence: experience with the international lions-quest program. | this article describes the development of the lions-quest skills for adolescence program. the primary purpose of this program is to respond to the needs of young people by helping them become more self aware, more skilled, more able to make positive and healthy choices, and better able to make informed, aware, and considered decisions about their own behavior. skills for adolescence is one school/community/parent-based curricular program that attempts to address health, life skills, and preventi ... | 2009 | 2736950 |