| delay choice versus delay maintenance: different measures of delayed gratification in capuchin monkeys (cebus apella). | delaying gratification involves 2 components: (1) delay choice (selecting a delayed reward over an immediate one) and (2) delay maintenance (sustaining the decision to delay gratification even if the immediate reward is available during the delay). two tasks most commonly have explored these components in primates: the intertemporal choice task and the accumulation task. it is unclear whether these tasks provide equivalent measures of delay of gratification. here, we compared the performance on ... | 2013 | 23544770 |
| third-party social evaluation of humans by monkeys. | humans routinely socially evaluate others not only following direct interactions with them but also based on others' interactions with third parties. in other species, 'eavesdropping' on third-party interactions is often used to gain information about foraging or mating opportunities, or others individuals' aggressiveness or fighting ability. however, image scoring for potential cooperativeness is less well studied. here we ask whether a non-human primate species, tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus ... | 2013 | 23463004 |
| solving small spaces: investigating the use of landmark cues in brown capuchins (cebus apella). | some researchers have recently argued that humans may be unusual among primates in preferring to use landmark information when reasoning about some kinds of spatial problems. some have explained this phenomenon by positing that our species' tendency to prefer landmarks stems from a human-unique trait: language. here, we test this hypothesis-that preferring to use landmarks to solve such tasks is related to language ability-by exploring landmark use in a spatial task in one non-human primate, the ... | 2013 | 23430144 |
| taking personality selection bias seriously in animal cognition research: a case study in capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella). | in most experimental work on animal cognition, researchers attempt to control for multiple interacting variables by training subjects prior to testing, allowing subjects to participate voluntarily, and providing subjects with food rewards. however, do such methods encourage selection bias from subjects' personalities? in this study, we trained eighteen zoo-housed capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella) for two experiments, under conditions of positive reinforcement (i.e. food rewards) and free-choice ... | 2013 | 23370784 |
| short-term culture of ovarian cortical strips from capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella): a morphological, viability, and molecular study of preantral follicular development in vitro. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether an in vitro culture (ivc) medium containing either or not β-mercaptoethanol (bme), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (bmp4), or pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (pmsg) could be able to promote the development of capuchin monkeys' preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian cortical strips. follicular viability after ivc was similar to control (89.32%). primordial follicle recruitment to primary stage was not reached with ivc, but the rate of secondary follic ... | 2013 | 23314959 |
| exophthalmos due to odontogenic intraorbital abscess in cebus apella. | the accumulation of pus in the orbit originating from an infected dental root is classified as odontogenic intraorbital abscess. | 2013 | 23311626 |
| proximate factors underpinning receiver responses to deceptive false alarm calls in wild tufted capuchin monkeys: is it counterdeception? | previous research demonstrates that tufted capuchin monkeys use terrestrial predator alarm calls in a functionally deceptive manner to distract conspecifics when feeding on contestable resources, although the success of this tactic is limited because listeners frequently ignore these calls when given in such situations. while this decreased response rate is suggestive of a counterstrategy to deception by receivers, the proximate factors underpinning the behavior are unclear. the current study ai ... | 2013 | 23184736 |
| do social conditions affect capuchin monkeys' (cebus apella) choices in a quantity judgment task? | beran et al. (2012) reported that capuchin monkeys closely matched the performance of humans in a quantity judgment test in which information was incomplete but a judgment still had to be made. in each test session, subjects first made quantity judgments between two known options. then, they made choices where only one option was visible. both humans and capuchin monkeys were guided by past outcomes, as they shifted from selecting a known option to selecting an unknown option at the point at whi ... | 2012 | 23181038 |
| kinematics of bipedal locomotion while carrying a load in the arms in bearded capuchin monkeys (sapajus libidinosus). | understanding the selective pressures that drove the evolution of bipedalism in the human lineage may help inform researchers about the locomotor mode(s) of pre-hominin ancestors. several selective pressures have been hypothesized, including the need to carry food, tools, or infants. bearded capuchin monkeys are an excellent primate in which to examine the hypothesis that carrying supported the evolution of bipedalism because they are morphologically generalized and in some ways similar to mioce ... | 2012 | 23149226 |
| molecular relationships and classification of several tufted capuchin lineages (cebus apella, cebus xanthosternos and cebus nigritus, cebidae), by means of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene sequences. | the morphological systematics of the tufted capuchins is confusing. in an attempt to clarify the complex systematics and phylogeography of this taxon, we provide a first molecular analysis. we obtained mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii (mtcoii) gene sequences from 49 tufted capuchins that had exact geographic origins from diverse lineages in colombia, peru, bolivia, french guyana, brazil, argentina and paraguay and that belonged to clearly recognized morphological taxa. this project had 4 main ... | 2012 | 23128150 |
| ground reaction forces and center of mass mechanics of bipedal capuchin monkeys: implications for the evolution of human bipedalism. | tufted capuchin monkeys are known to use both quadrupedalism and bipedalism in their natural environments. although previous studies have investigated limb kinematics and metabolic costs, their ground reaction forces (grfs) and center of mass (com) mechanics during two and four-legged locomotion are unknown. here, we determine the hind limb grfs and com energy, work, and power during bipedalism and quadrupedalism over a range of speeds and gaits to investigate the effect of differential limb num ... | 2013 | 23124531 |
| monkeys benefit from reciprocity without the cognitive burden. | the debate about the origins of human prosociality has focused on the presence or absence of similar tendencies in other species, and, recently, attention has turned to the underlying mechanisms. we investigated whether direct reciprocity could promote prosocial behavior in brown capuchin monkeys (cebus apella). twelve capuchins tested in pairs could choose between two tokens, with one being "prosocial" in that it rewarded both individuals (i.e., 1/1), and the other being "selfish" in that it re ... | 2012 | 22949668 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the black-capped capuchin (cebus apella). | the phylogenetic relationships of primates have been extensively investigated, but key issues remain unresolved. complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data have many advantages in phylogenetic analyses, but such data are available for only 46 primate species. in this work, we determined the complete mitogenome sequence of the black-capped capuchin (cebus apella). the genome was 16,538 bp in size and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 trnas, two rrnas and a control region. the genome o ... | 2012 | 22888306 |
| food transfers in capuchin monkeys: an experiment on partner choice. | although most primates live in groups, experiments on reciprocity usually test individuals in dyads. this could hide the processes emerging in richer social settings, reducing the ecological validity of the results. we run an experiment on reciprocal food transfers testing capuchin monkeys (cebus apella) in triads, so that subjects could choose to allow access to their food to either of their two partners. we tested the hypothesis that partner choice was related to a comparison of long-term soci ... | 2012 | 22832127 |
| a mechatronic platform for behavioral analysis on nonhuman primates. | in this work we present a new mechatronic platform for measuring behavior of nonhuman primates, allowing high reprogrammability and providing several possibilities of interactions. the platform is the result of a multidisciplinary design process, which has involved bio-engineers, developmental neuroscientists, primatologists, and roboticians to identify its main requirements and specifications. although such a platform has been designed for the behavioral analysis of capuchin monkeys (cebus apel ... | 2012 | 22744785 |
| htert and tp53 deregulation in intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis in non-human primates. | despite the high incidence, the molecular events involved in intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. we previously established an intestinal-type gastric carcinogenesis model in cebus apella, a new world monkey. in the present study, we evaluated htert and tp53 mrna expression, as well as their protein immunoreactivity, in normal mucosa, non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and intestinal-type gastric cancer samples of non-human primates treated with ... | 2013 | 22707033 |
| capuchin monkeys (cebus apella) let lesser rewards pass them by to get better rewards. | self-control is defined as foregoing an immediate reward to gain a larger delayed reward. methods used to test self-control comparatively include inter-temporal choice tasks, delay of gratification tasks, and accumulation tasks. to date, capuchin monkeys have shown different levels of self-control across tasks. this study introduced a new task that could be used comparatively to measure self-control in an intuitive context that involved responses that required no explicit training. capuchin monk ... | 2012 | 22689285 |
| descriptive anatomic study of the great vessels of the heart in the capuchin monkey cebus apella (linnaeus, 1758). | the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy of the great vessels of the heart in capuchin monkey (cebus apella) and to compare with those of other primates, including humans. the hearts were prepared through fixation in 10% formalin and subsequently dissected using standard techniques and instruments. the arterial and venous systems were perfused with colored latex solution via the femoral vessels. an ascending cylindrical branch with relatively great caliber was identified in the aorta ar ... | 2012 | 22642625 |
| grooming up the hierarchy: the exchange of grooming and rank-related benefits in a new world primate. | seyfarth's model assumes that female primates derive rank-related benefits from higher-ranking females in exchange for grooming. as a consequence, the model predicts females prefer high-ranking females as grooming partners and compete for the opportunity to groom them. therefore, allogrooming is expected to be directed up the dominance hierarchy and to occur more often between females with adjacent ranks. although data from old world primates generally support the model, studies on the relation ... | 2012 | 22590582 |
| consequences of lethal intragroup aggression and alpha male replacement on intergroup relations and home range use in tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apella nigritus). | in conflicts between primate groups, the resource-holding potential (rhp) of competitors is frequently related to group size or male group size, which can remain relatively constant for long periods of time, promoting stable intergroup dominance relationships. demographic changes in neighboring groups, however, could introduce uncertainty into existing relationships. among tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apella nigritus), dominant male replacement is a relatively infrequent demographic event that ... | 2012 | 22566159 |
| stereotypic head twirls, but not pacing, are related to a 'pessimistic'-like judgment bias among captive tufted capuchins (cebus apella). | abnormal stereotypic behaviour is widespread among captive non-human primates and is generally associated with jeopardized well-being. however, attributing the same significance to all of these repetitive, unvarying and apparently functionless behaviours may be misleading, as some behaviours may be better indicators of stress than others. previous studies have demonstrated that the affective state of the individual can be inferred from its bias in appraising neutral stimuli in its environment. t ... | 2012 | 22526692 |
| validation of reference genes for ovarian tissue from capuchin monkeys (cebus apella). | there is no tradition in studies reporting the effect of exposure to cryoprotectants or simply hypoxia and hypothermia on gene expression in the ovarian tissue and there has been only one study on reference or target genes quantification, and comparisons of normoxic with hypoxic, hypothermic and toxic conditions. our aim in the present study was to investigate the stability of three reference genes in the ovarian tissue of capuchin monkeys (cebus apella). to this end, fresh and cryoprotectant-ex ... | 2013 | 22475447 |
| adaptation of a trap door technique for the recovery of ovarian cortical biopsies from cebus apella (capuchin monkey). | there is a paucity of efficient cryopreservation protocols for primordial follicles enclosed in the ovarian tissue from non-human primates (nhp), in special new world primates. our objective was to establish an optimal procedure for the recovery of ovarian biopsies from capuchin monkeys. to this end, we adapted a trap door biopsy method. follicular density and quality of the biopsies were evaluated and ultrasound analysis was performed before and continuously after surgery to assess ovarian stru ... | 2013 | 22475413 |
| gaba inactivation of area v4 changes receptive-field properties of v2 neurons in cebus monkeys. | to investigate the contribution of feedback circuits from area v4 to the receptive-field properties of v2 neurons, we used tungsten microelectrodes to record extracellular single units in these visual areas, before and after pressure injections of a solution of 0.25 mol/l of gaba in two anesthetized and paralyzed cebus apella monkeys. the visual stimulus consisted of a single bar moving in one of eight directions. using a device made of four stainless steel pipettes and one central tungsten elec ... | 2012 | 22465265 |
| social after-effects of fur rubbing in tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apella): increased antagonism and reduced affiliation. | fur rubbing is widely believed to have a social bonding function in capuchin monkeys, yet a recent study of tufted capuchins revealed increased levels of aggression and reduced levels of affiliation after fur-rubbing bouts. this observed decrease in group cohesion may be attributable to increased intragroup competition for fur-rub material rather than being a direct effect of fur rubbing itself. to test this hypothesis, we separated individual tufted monkeys (cebus apella) from their social grou ... | 2012 | 22350275 |
| humans and monkeys show similar skill in estimating uncertain outcomes. | when information is incomplete but a choice must be made, individuals sometimes can rely on past experiences to help them assess uncertain outcomes in terms of the probabilities of payoffs. monkeys (cebus apella) and humans (homo sapiens) were presented with a test in which they first made quantity judgments between two clear options. then they made choices in which only one option was visible, and they had to estimate the quantity for the other option. both species were guided by the past outco ... | 2012 | 22328296 |
| embryo production by parthenogenetic activation and fertilization of in vitro matured oocytes from cebus apella. | the efficiency of in vitro fertilization (ivf) depends on the viability of spermatozoa. for capuchin monkeys (cebus apella), in vitro capacitation of spermatozoa is challenging because of their unique seminal coagulum. motile spermatozoa can be obtained after liquefaction of the semen coagulum in coconut water-based solution. the objective of the present study was to establish an optimal in vitro maturation (ivm) protocol for capuchin monkeys and to observe the effect of follicle stimulating hor ... | 2013 | 22230224 |
| lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by activated cebus apella macrophages treated with a complex homeopathic immune response modifiers. | canova is a complex homeopathic medicine that enhances a specific immunologic responses against several exogenous and endogenous conditions. canova activates macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. | 2012 | 22226318 |
| behavioral and ecological consequences of sex-based differences in gustatory anatomy in cebus apella. | fungiform papillae (fps) are the only gustatory structures on the anterior tongue. taste buds (tbs), which are located in fps, house taste receptors. each tb has a taste pore (tp) by which tastants are transmitted. in humans, fp and tb densities correlate with taste sensitivity and food preferences. females have higher fp densities than males in homo, pan, and cebus. homo, pan, and cebus also have larger brains, slower ontogenetic development, and higher maternal investment in offspring compared ... | 2011 | 22042744 |
| experimental gastric carcinogenesis in cebus apella nonhuman primates. | the evolution of gastric carcinogenesis remains largely unknown. we established two gastric carcinogenesis models in new-world nonhuman primates. in the first model, acp03 gastric cancer cell line was inoculated in 18 animals. in the second model, we treated 6 animals with n-methyl-nitrosourea (mnu). animals with gastric cancer were also treated with canova immunomodulator. clinical, hematologic, and biochemical, including c-reactive protein, folic acid, and homocysteine, analyses were performed ... | 2011 | 21811552 |
| the influence of experimental manipulations on chewing speed during in vivo laboratory research in tufted capuchins (cebus apella). | even though in vivo studies of mastication in living primates are often used to test functional and adaptive hypotheses explaining primate masticatory behavior, we currently have little data addressing how experimental procedures performed in the laboratory influence mastication. the obvious logistical issue in assessing how animal manipulation impacts feeding physiology reflects the difficulty in quantifying mechanical parameters without handling the animal. in this study, we measured chewing c ... | 2011 | 21469081 |
| image-based red cell counting for wild animals blood. | an image-based red blood cell (rbc) automatic counting system is presented for wild animals blood analysis. images with 2048×1536-pixel resolution acquired on an optical microscope using neubauer chambers are used to evaluate rbc counting for three animal species (leopardus pardalis, cebus apella and nasua nasua) and the error found using the proposed method is similar to that obtained for inter observer visual counting method, i.e., around 10%. smaller errors (e.g., 3%) can be obtained in regio ... | 2010 | 21096766 |
| fallback foraging as a way of life: using dietary toughness to compare the fallback signal among capuchins and implications for interpreting morphological variation. | the genus cebus is one of the best extant models for examining the role of fallback foods in primate evolution. cebus includes the tufted capuchins, which exhibit skeletal features for the exploitation of hard and tough foods. paradoxically, these seemingly "specialized" taxa belong to the most ubiquitous group of closely related primates in south america, thriving in a range of different habitats. this appears to be a consequence of their ability to exploit obdurate fallback foods. here we comp ... | 2009 | 19890863 |
| jaw-muscle fiber architecture in tufted capuchins favors generating relatively large muscle forces without compromising jaw gape. | tufted capuchins (sensu lato) are renowned for their dietary flexibility and capacity to exploit hard and tough objects. cebus apella differs from other capuchins in displaying a suite of craniodental features that have been functionally and adaptively linked to their feeding behavior, particularly the generation and dissipation of relatively large jaw forces. we compared fiber architecture of the masseter and temporalis muscles between c. apella (n=12) and two "untufted" capuchins (c. capucinus ... | 2009 | 19875148 |
| cranial suture morphology and its relationship to diet in cebus. | cranial sutures are complex morphological structures. four cebus species (c. albifrons, c. apella, c. capucinus, c. olivaceus) are used here to test the hypothesis that sagittal suture complexity is enhanced in animals that eat materially challenging foods. these primates are ideal for such comparative studies because they are closely related and some are known to exhibit differences in the material properties of the foods they ingest and masticate. specifically, cebus apella is notable among me ... | 2009 | 19833377 |
| histological outcomes on the development of new space-making devices for maxillary sinus floor augmentation. | previous studies have pointed out that the mere elevation of the maxillary sinus membrane promotes bone formation without the use of augmentation materials. | 2011 | 19681942 |
| histological findings following the use of a space-making device for bone reformation and implant integration in the maxillary sinus of primates. | previous studies have shown that membrane elevation results in predictable bone formation in the maxillary sinus provided that implants can be placed as tent poles. in situations with an extremely thin residual crest which impairs implant placement, it is possible that a space-making device can be used under the sinus membrane to promote bone formation prior to placement of implants. | 2009 | 19392856 |
| intimate social behavior in infant interactions in cebus apella. | the development and individual stability of three intimate social behaviors (lipsmacking, carrying attempts, and facial inspection) were examined for 43 group-housed cebus apella infants from birth to 2 years of age. occurrence of these behaviors was scored from 10-min videotape samples recorded three times a week over that time. frequency of lipsmacking and carrying attempts by adult males, adult females, and juveniles were all highest in early months and decreased to low levels by the end of t ... | 2009 | 18925645 |
| symmetrical gaits of cebus apella: implications for the functional significance of diagonal sequence gait in primates. | quadrupedal locomotion of primates is distinguished from the quadrupedalism of many other mammals by several features, including a diagonal sequence (ds) footfall used in symmetrical gaits. this presumably unique feature of primate locomotion has been attributed to an ancestral adaptation for cautious arboreal quadrupedalism on thin, flexible branches. however, the functional significance of ds gait remains largely hypothetical. the study presented here tests hypotheses about the functional sign ... | 2008 | 18155128 |
| bone reformation and implant integration following maxillary sinus membrane elevation: an experimental study in primates. | recent clinical studies have described maxillary sinus floor augmentation by simply elevating the maxillary sinus membrane without the use of adjunctive grafting materials. | 2006 | 16681489 |
| heterochromatin and chromosome evolution: a fish probe of cebus apella paraguayanus (primate: platyrrhini) developed by chromosome microdissection. | neotropical primate karyotypes are highly variable, particularly in the heterochromatic regions, not only regarding the amount of heterochromatin, but also the composition. g and c banding and fish techniques provide useful information to characterize interspecific relationships. we used chromosome microdissection to develop a fish probe of the chromosome 11 heterochromatic block (11qhe+) of cebus apella paraguayanus (capp). fragments of the 11qhe+ microdissected from fibroblast cell culture wer ... | 2005 | 16475112 |
| describing the organization of dominance relationships by dominance-directed tree method. | methods to describe dominance hierarchies are a key tool in primatology studies. most current methods are appropriate for analyzing linear and near-linear hierarchies; however, more complex structures are common in primate groups. we propose a method termed "dominance-directed tree." this method is based on graph theory and set theory to analyze dominance relationships in social groups. the method constructs a transitive matrix by imposing transitivity to the dominance matrix and produces a grap ... | 2006 | 16429416 |
| craniodental biomechanics and dietary toughness in the genus cebus. | the tufted capuchin (cebus apella) has been used in a number of comparative studies to represent a primate with craniofacial morphology indicative of hard-object feeding. researchers have specifically referred to the tufted capuchin as a seed predator. craniofacial features exhibited by the tufted capuchin, such as thick cortical bone in the mandibular corpus and symphysis, and a broad face associated with large masticatory muscles, permit the production and dissipation of relatively high mastic ... | 2005 | 15857651 |
| reunion displays in captive male brown capuchins (cebus apella). | separation and subsequent reintroduction of brown capuchins (cebus apella) can lead to reunion displays during which individuals will embrace and emit high-pitched, loud vocalizations. these displays were investigated in three male capuchins: two adults and one juvenile. these subjects were part of a larger captive social group held at the capuchin laboratory, hiram college, oh, usa. we hypothesized that males would engage in reunion displays following separation regardless of the order of reint ... | 2005 | 15480943 |
| use of visual, acoustic, and olfactory information during embedded invertebrate foraging in brown capuchins (cebus apella). | experiments were conducted to investigate which sensory cues are used by brown capuchins (cebus apella) in embedded invertebrate foraging. the importance of visual, olfactory, and acoustic cues in such foraging was determined by presenting subjects with a stimulus log modified to block out given sensory cues. experiment 1 was designed to investigate whether subjects could locate an invertebrate embedded in wood when only visual, acoustic, or olfactory information was available. experiments 2 and ... | 2004 | 15250807 |
| twinning in tufted capuchins (cebus apella): rate, survivorship, and weight gain. | we calculated the rate of twinning across four captive collections of tufted capuchins (cebus apella) to be 2.4%. this rate contrast with previous reports that twinning in tufted capuchins is rare. additionally, we present data on the survival and weight gain of twins in this species as compared to singletons. twins face their greatest risk of mortality on or before the first day of life, when 45% will die compared to 16% of singletons. after the first day of life, twins and singletons demonstra ... | 2006 | 14716148 |
| preferences towards novel foods in cebus apella: the role of nutrients and social influences. | information on the process of preference acquisition towards novel foods in nonhuman primates is lacking. this study aims to assess (1) whether nutrient and energy contents affect preferences towards novel foods encountered repeatedly by individuals when alone, (2) whether these preferences change after additional encounters with the novel foods, and (3) if the change is sensitive to social influences. we presented seven novel foods to 26 socially housed tufted capuchins. in phase 1, each subjec ... | 2003 | 14637234 |
| tap-scanning for invertebrates by capuchins (cebus apella). | | 2006 | 12861968 |
| iron chelation promoted by desazadesferrithiocin analogs: an enantioselective barrier. | for patients who require lifelong blood transfusions, there is no efficient means, unless chelation therapy is employed, for elimination of excess iron. alternatives to desferrioxamine, the currently accepted treatment for transfusional iron overload, are being investigated. the current article focuses on an enantiomeric pair of analogs of desferrithiocin, (+)-(s)- and (-)-(r)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid (4'-hydroxydesazadesferrithiocin). the crystal st ... | 2003 | 12840823 |
| joystick acquisition in tufted capuchins (cebus apella). | a number of nonhuman primate species have demonstrated the ability to use a joystick to control a cursor on a computer screen, yet the acquisition of this skill has not been the focus of systematic inquiry. here, we examined joystick acquisition in four tufted capuchins under two directional relationships of joystick movement and resultant cursor displacement, isomorphic and inverted. to document the natural history of the acquisition of this skill, we recorded the development of visual tracking ... | 2003 | 12838395 |
| methoxylation of desazadesferrithiocin analogues: enhanced iron clearing efficiency. | the impact of altering the octanol-water partition properties (log p) of analogues of desazadesferrithiocin, (s)-4,5-dihydro-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-4-thiazolecarboxylic acid, on the ligands' iron clearing properties is described. increasing chelator lipophilicity can both substantially augment iron clearing efficiency in cebus apella primates as well as alter the mode of iron excretion, favoring fecal over urinary output. the complications of iron overload are often associated with the met ... | 2003 | 12672247 |
| analysis of tufted capuchin (cebus apella) courtship and sexual behavior repertoire: changes throughout the female cycle and female interindividual differences. | sexual solicitations and initiative (proceptivity, sensu beach [1976] horm behav 7:105-138) are important components of the sexuality of females of many primate species. in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella), female proceptivity characterizes the species' mating system. in study 1, we defined and discussed 20 behavioral patterns based on the observation of 6 females and 5 males living in two social groups. in study 2, each behavior, including mounting activity, was quantitatively assessed during ... | 2002 | 11953941 |
| cortisol reactivity and its relation to homecage behavior and personality ratings in tufted capuchin (cebus apella) juveniles from birth to six years of age. | rank correlations between cortisol reactivity measures (baseline, 2 h stress peak and change from baseline) at 6 months and 1 year and (1) behaviors videotaped in the home cage and (2) subjectively judged personality ratings were examined in 36 juvenile tufted capuchins from birth to 6 years of age. high cortisol reactivity was associated with both lower levels of play and exploration in the home cage, and higher levels of proximity and contact with mothers. animals with higher baseline cortisol ... | 2013 | 11750775 |
| social facilitation of eating novel food in tufted capuchin monkeys (cebus apella): input provided by group members and responses affected in the observer. | learning about food palatability from watching what conspecifics eat might be one of the advantages of group living. a previous study investigated whether group members' presence or eating activity account for social facilitation of eating of foods never previously tasted. capuchins encountered novel colored foods when (1) alone (alone condition) or (2) with group members visible in the nearby cage (group-present condition) or (3) with group members present and eating a familiar food that had no ... | 2001 | 24777520 |
| comparative study of glutamate mediated gamma-aminobutyric acid release from nitric oxide synthase and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells of the cebus apella retina. | the effects of excitatory amino acids (eaas) upon transporter-mediated gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) release were investigated in cells containing tyrosine hydroxylase (th) or nitric oxide synthase (nos) in retina of the primate cebus apella. retinas were treated in vitro with 50 microm kainate (ka) or 5 mm l-glutamate (l-glu), for 30 min at 37 degrees c, in an mg2+-free locke's solution with or without ca2+. the effects of eaas were measured immunocytochemically by determining the gaba content ... | 2001 | 11278102 |
| chromosomal homologies between humans and cebus apella (primates) revealed by zoo-fish. | | 2000 | 10790541 |
| delayed onset of progressive dystonia following subacute 3-nitropropionic acid treatment in cebus apella monkeys. | delayed abnormal movements can be observed in patients with acute neurologic insult after a prolonged period of apparent neurologic stability. to reproduce such a secondary neurologic manifestation in primates, the present experiment investigated whether systemic administration of subacute 3-nitropropionic acid (3np), a mitochondrial toxin, could induce abnormal movements that were delayed and progressive over time. four cebus apella monkeys received systemic 3np injections until acute neurologi ... | 2000 | 28470737 |
| social separation in infant cebus apella: patterns of behavioral and cortisol response. | 34 infant tufted capuchins (cebus apella) were separated from their social groups for a 2-hour period and videotaped in isolation at the ages of 6 months and 1 year. baseline and 2-hour blood samples were measured for levels of serum cortisol. compared to homecage baseline levels, passivity, locomotion and vocalizations increased during separation, while self-directed behavior and environmental exploration decreased. both behavioral and cortisol responses to separation showed individual stabilit ... | 1999 | 10452369 |
| environmental enrichment of brown capuchins (cebus apella): behavioral and plasma and fecal cortisol measures of effectiveness. | no consensus exists about the quantity and variety of environmental enrichment needed to achieve an acceptable level of psychological well-being among singly housed primates. behavioral and plasma and fecal cortisol measures were used to evaluate the effectiveness of four levels of toy and foraging enrichment provided to eight wild-caught, singly housed adult male brown capuchins (cebus apella). the 16-week-long study comprised six conditions and began with a 4-week-long preexperimental and ende ... | 1999 | 10326770 |
| token-mediated tool-use by a tufted capuchin monkey (cebus apella). | this research examined token-mediated tool-use in a tufted capuchin monkey (cebus apella). we conducted five experiments. in experiment 1 we examined the use of plastic color-coded chips to request food, and in experiments 2-5 we examined the use of color-coded chips to request tools. our subject learned to use chips to request tools following the same general pattern seen in great apes performing analogous tasks, that is, initial discrimination followed by an understanding of the relationship a ... | 1998 | 24399274 |
| chromosome abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cebus apella (cebidae, platyrrhini) after x-ray irradiation. | in this paper, we describe the results of a qualitative and quantitative study of chromosomal reorganizations observed in x-irradiated (1gy and 2gy) and cultured lymphocytes from cebus apella. a total of 646 breakpoints have been detected, identified and localized in the ideogram of the species. the breakpoint distribution along chromosomes, p and q arms, and bands is not random. chromosomes #11, #12 and chromosome arms 1p, 12p, 13p, 15p, 11q, and 12q are significantly more affected than expecte ... | 1998 | 9639676 |
| effects of upright posture on hand preference for reaching vs. the use of probing tools by tufted capuchins (cebus apella). | this research examined the effects of task (reaching vs. tool use) and posture (quadrupedal vs. bipedal) on hand preference in tufted capuchins (cebus apella). regarding direction of hand preference, we found a significant main effect of posture, as the bipedal stance elicited greater use of the right hand than did the quadrupedal stance, and a significant posture x task interaction, as bipedal reaching elicited greater use of the right hand than did other postural and task conditions. further, ... | 1998 | 9503126 |
| developmental changes in manipulation in tufted capuchins (cebus apella) from birth through 2 years and their relation to foraging and weaning. | this study examined the contributions of physical and sensorimotor development to manipulation in capuchins (cebus apella) from birth to 2 years. between months 1-6 and 7-12, manipulation increased significantly in frequency, in the proportion that was vigorous or required fine motor control, and in the proportion directed at portable objects. fine motor control, moving objects in relation to the body, and stamina are largely in place by 12 months, after which little changed. all elements of the ... | 1997 | 9170285 |
| transfers of food from adults to infants in tufted capuchins (cebus apella). | this study examined the behavioral mechanisms that support transfer of food from adults to infants in tufted capuchins (cebus apella). two captive groups of capuchins were presented with abundant quantities of unshelled pecans or commercial pellets. five of 11 infant subjects could not open the nuts. a variety of tolerated interactions were initiated by infants toward adults, and food was frequently transferred. all such interactions were more frequent with nuts (a preferred food) than with pell ... | 1997 | 9170284 |
| development of a radioimmunoassay for cebus apella prolactin. | prolactin (prl) is a pituitary hormone that plays important roles in mammalian reproductive physiology, specially lactation. the regulation of prl secretion shows important species differences. to study prl regulation in a subhuman primate, the cebus apella, we developed an heterologous radioimmunoassay using an antibody against rhesus prl (anti-m5prl) and a cebus apella pituitary extract as prl standard. the assay has a sensitivity that allows measurements of cebus prl in small amounts of cebus ... | 1997 | 9283620 |
| neuromuscular recovery after peripheral nerve repair: effects of an orally-administered peptide in a primate model. | oral delivery of the tripeptide calpain inhibitor, leupeptin, after median nerve transection and epineural nerve repair in primates (cebus apella) was studied for its potential benefits to neuromuscular recovery. results of a controlled, dose-response study indicated that leupeptin was absorbed into plasma by the oral route of administration. when plasma leupeptin concentrations were 3 micrograms/ml or greater, morphologic and functional motor recovery were facilitated after nerve repair. serial ... | 1995 | 8583456 |
| euclidean distance matrix analysis: confidence intervals for form and growth differences. | analysis of biological forms using landmark data has received substantial attention recently. much of the statistical work in this area has concentrated on the estimation of average form, average form difference, and average growth difference. from the statistical, as well as the scientific point of view, it is important that any estimate of a scientifically relevant quantity be accompanied by a statement regarding its accuracy. such a statement is contained in a confidence interval. the purpose ... | 1995 | 8579192 |
| stone-throwing by capuchins (cebus apella): a model of throwing capabilities in homo habilis. | | 1995 | 8810051 |
| cytogenetic study in a specimen of cebus apella with an atypical phenotype. | | 1995 | 8713544 |
| giant fatty tumor in a cebus apella. | | 2003 | 8169948 |
| recovery after delayed nerve repair: influence of a pharmacologic adjunct in a primate model. | inhibition of calpains in skeletal muscle by the tripeptide, leupeptin, after median-nerve transection in the mid-forearm and a delayed nerve repair of 3-weeks duration, was studied in a primate (cebus apella) model. results indicated that leupeptin facilitates axon regrowth and neuromuscular recovery after delayed nerve repair. toxicologic testing showed that leupeptin, administered at 18 mg/kg intramuscularly, twice daily for 24 weeks after delayed nerve repair, did not adversely affect hemato ... | 1992 | 1404069 |
| anatomical aspects of the lacrimal gland of the tufted capuchin (cebus apella). | in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella) the main lacrimal gland is composed of 2 distinct portions with an intraorbital and extraorbital localisation, interconnected by a bridge of glandular tissue which crosses the lateral orbital wall through the lateral orbital fissure located in the sphenozygomatic suture. the intraorbital lacrimal gland is flattened and extremely thin, with a variable outline. it lies on the upper and outer third of the globe of the eye, and the aponeurosis and the belly of t ... | 1992 | 1452484 |
| euclidean distance matrix analysis: a coordinate-free approach for comparing biological shapes using landmark data. | for problems of classification and comparison in biological research, the primary focus is on the similarity of forms. a biological form can be conveniently defined as consisting of size and shape. several approaches for comparing biological shapes using landmark data are available. lele (1991a) critically discusses these approaches and proposes a new method based on the euclidean distance matrix representation of the form of an object. the purpose of this paper is to extend this new methodology ... | 1991 | 1746646 |
| morphometric analysis of craniofacial growth in cebus apella. | the present study was undertaken to provide a quantitative description of craniofacial growth in cebus apella in three dimensions. landmarks from a cross-sectional sample of sexed and dentally aged crania were collected using a 3space digitizer. two methods of three-dimensional form analysis, euclidian distance matrix analysis (edma) and finite-element scaling analysis (fesa), were used to investigate growth changes in the cranium. male and female growth was examined by comparing the youngest ma ... | 1991 | 2024716 |
| effects of whole-body x-irradiation on the peripheral blood of primate cebus apella. | the effects of ionizing radiation on the peripheral blood elements of primate cebus apella were examined after a single 25.8 mc/kg (100 r) dose of whole-body x-ray. we determined the number of white blood cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and erythrocytes up to 90 days after exposure of 5 animals. hemoglobin content and microhematocrit were also determined. under these experimental conditions, the total number of leukocytes was reduced from 9440/mm3 to 5660/mm3 o ... | 1991 | 1823241 |
| dopamine d-2 receptors imaged by pet in cebus apella using [18f]benzamide neuroleptic. | | 1990 | 2323353 |
| significance of kin relations and individual preferences in the social behaviour of cebus apella. | captive tufted capuchins (cebus apella) formed a group characterized by greater affiliative behaviour within matrilines. affiliation within the matriline is dependent upon social intimacy during infancy with matriline members. courtship and mating are not identically distributed: subordinate and subadult males participate in a larger proportion of matings than of courtships. in all these aspects of social behaviour, variability across individuals contributes to the complex dynamics of the social ... | 1990 | 2391045 |
| [electromyographic analysis of masticatory muscles after fracture and dislocation of the zygomatic bone in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella)]. | | 1988 | 3253885 |
| correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on the ependymal surface of cebus apella. | topographical variations of the ependymal surface of the whole brain ventricular system of cebus apella, a wild brazilian species, were studied at the scanning electron microscope after co2 critical point drying and carbon-gold coating. certain selected areas were also studied at the transmission electron microscope, following standard technical procedures. we observed distinct patterns in the distribution of cilia, microvilli, other cell projections, and the so called supraependymal structures. ... | 1986 | 3606425 |
| blood levels, half-life, and clearance of ethanol in the new world primate cebus apella. | | 2013 | 3901812 |
| [histological studies of retroperitoneal lymphatic vessels in cebus apella]. | | 1984 | 6240952 |
| [cytogenetic study of the argentine "cai" (cebus apella)]. | the karyotype of the argentine "cai" (cebus apella) is studied by different banding techniques (c and g). the analysis takes into account the results obtained from 15 specimens according to their geographic habitat. comparative studies between phenotypic and karyotypic features suggest a phenotypic sub-speciation instead of a chromosomal. this proposition is supported by the observed karyologic stability. according to this report the genus cebus and the species apella remains controversial from ... | 1984 | 6331784 |
| changes in structure of the facial bones after experimental fracture and displacement of the zygomatic bone in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella) by means of radiography, the split-line technique, and scanning electron microscopy. | | 1982 | 7170102 |
| [influence of unilateral mandibular condylectomy on the shape of the skull and the masticatory muscles in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella)]. | | 2006 | 6964954 |
| [changes in the skull shape and muscles of mastication after fracture and dislocation of the zygoma in the tufted capuchins (cebus apella)]. | | 2016 | 6963876 |
| electron microscopic study of the origin and formation of reissner's fiber in the subcommissural organ of cebus apella (primates, platyrrhini). | two kinds of secretion are formed in cells of the subcommissural organ (sco) of cebus apella. the "light secretion" is found in saccules originating from the endoplasmic reticulum. this secretion is stored in the peripheral portion of the cells and is not involved in formation of reissner's fiber (rf). in close association with the golgi complex, electron-dense granules are developed, containing a finely granular substance. these granules accumulate beneath the apical plasmalemma of the cell. th ... | 1980 | 6766807 |
| banding patterns of the chromosomes of cebus apella: unstable chromosomes and pericentric inversion. | | 1978 | 417984 |
| [unilateral teeth extractions in the tufted capuchin (cebus apella). influence on the masticatory muscles and the skull (author's transl)]. | | 2006 | 119522 |
| the reproductive cycle of the capuchin (cebus apella). | six, mature female capuchins, cebus apella, were used to study occurrence of bleeding, the length and phases of the menstrual cycle, and the gestation period. during a 3-month period the menstrual cycle was determined to be 21 days, including an average of 4 days in which bleeding was detectable. it was found that only proestrus and estrus could be reliably identified during the menstrual cycle by the use of vaginal smears. each female was housed with a male for a sufficient time to allow insemi ... | 1977 | 412999 |
| [experimental zygomatic arch resection in the cebus apella. ii. the influence on the architecture of the skull]. | | 1975 | 829786 |
| [experimental zygomatic arch resection in the cebus apella. i. the influence on the masseter muscle and the skull]. | | 1974 | 4220188 |
| superficial venous arrangement of the face and neck of the tufted capuchin, cebus apella linnaeus, 1758. | | 1973 | 4198645 |
| [toxoplasmosis in nonhuman primates. i. natural infection in macacca mulata and cebus apella]. | | 1971 | 5167381 |
| evoked aggressive behavior in cebus apella: a new world primate. | | 1969 | 4981799 |
| a comparison of personality in the common and bolivian squirrel monkey (saimiri sciureus and saimiri boliviensis). | personality has been studied in all of the great apes, many old world monkey species, but only a handful of new world monkey species. because understanding the personalities of new world monkeys is crucial to understanding personality evolution in primates, we used the hominoid personality questionnaire to assess personality in 55 common squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) and 40 bolivian squirrel monkeys (saimiri boliviensis). we found 4 personality components in each species, and labeled them ... | 2017 | 29239646 |
| standard electrocardiographic data from capuchin monkeys (cebus apella,linnaeus, 1758). | capuchin monkeys are a species of arboreal primate found in all south american countries. these monkeys have been highlighted for their potential for biomedical research due to their anatomic and physiologic similarities and genetic homology with humans. here we characterized the electrocardiographic tracings from 12 healthy, young capuchin monkeys that were restrained with ketamine and midazolam. all 12 monkeys had normal sinus rhythms. neither p-wave duration, pr interval, qt interval, nor p- ... | 2018 | 29402346 |
| an eutherian intronic sequence gave rise to a major satellite dna in platyrrhini. | satellite dnas (satdnas) are major components of eukaryote genomes. however, because of their quick divergence, the evolutionary origin of a given satdna family can rarely be determined. herein we took advantage of available primate sequenced genomes to determine the origin of the capa satdna (approx. 1500 bp long monomers), first described in the tufted capuchin monkeysapajus apellawe show that capa is an abundant satdna in platyrrhini, whereas in the genomes of most eutherian mammals, includin ... | 2018 | 29386361 |
| irrational choice behavior in human and nonhuman primates. | choice behavior in humans has motivated a large body of research with a focus on whether decisions can be considered to be rational. in general, humans prefer having choice, as do a number of other species that have been tested, even though having increased choice does not necessarily yield a positive outcome. humans have been found to choose an option more often only because the opportunity to select it was diminishing, an example of a deviation from economic rationality. here we extend this pa ... | 2018 | 29294199 |
| functional correlates of the position of the axis of rotation of the mandible during chewing in non-human primates. | the location of the axis of rotation (aor) of the mandible was quantified using the helical axis (ha) in eight individuals from three species of non-human primates: papio anubis, cebus apella, and macaca mulatta. these data were used to test three hypotheses regarding the functional significance of anteroposterior condylar translation - an aor located inferior to the temporomandibular joint (tmj) - during chewing: minimizing impingement of the gonial region on cervical soft tissue structures dur ... | 2017 | 28993018 |
| short poly-glutamine repeat in the androgen receptor in new world monkeys. | the androgen receptor mediates various physiological and developmental functions and is highly conserved in mammals. although great intraspecific length polymorphisms in poly glutamine (poly-q) and poly glycine (poly-g) regions of the androgen receptor in humans, apes and several old world monkeys have been reported, little is known about the characteristics of these regions in new world monkeys. in this study, we surveyed 17 species of new world monkeys and found length polymorphisms in these r ... | 2017 | 28948156 |