| tetradecylthioacetic acid modulates cardiac transcription in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., suffering heart and skeletal muscle inflammation. | heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) is a disease causing considerable mortality in farmed atlantic salmon. we have previously reported that pre-feeding of tetradecylthioacetic acid (tta) reduces the mortality during a natural outbreak of hsmi. in the present paper we show that in the cardiac ventricle, during hsmi infection, pre-feeding tta increases the expression of the immune genes: tnfα, vcam-1, igm and cd8α. we also show that tta increases the cardiosomatic index potentially by el ... | 2012 | 22233512 |
| baltic salmon, salmo salar, from swedish river lule älv is more resistant to furunculosis compared to rainbow trout. | furunculosis, caused by aeromonas salmonicida, continues to be a major health problem for the growing salmonid aquaculture. despite effective vaccination programs regular outbreaks occur at the fish farms calling for repeated antibiotic treatment. we hypothesized that a difference in natural susceptibility to this disease might exist between baltic salmon and the widely used rainbow trout. | 2012 | 22276121 |
| characterisation of the spoilage microbiota in raw salmon (salmo salar) steaks stored under vacuum or modified atmosphere packaging combining conventional methods and pcr-ttge. | in order to characterise the spoilage related to microbiota of raw salmon, a combination of culture-dependent and -independent methods, including pcr-ttge, was used to analyse 3 raw salmon batches stored for 3 days at chilled temperature in modified atmosphere packaging (map) (50% co₂/50% n₂) or under vacuum. sensory evaluation, microbiological enumeration and chemical analysis were performed after 3, 7 and 10 days of storage. at the onset of spoilage, 65 bacterial isolates were picked from the ... | 2011 | 22265297 |
| wild arctic char salvelinus alpinus and trout salmo trutta: hosts and reservoir of the salmonid pathogen spironucleus salmonicida (diplomonadida; hexamitidae). | spironucleus salmonicida is a diplomonad flagellate known to cause systemic infections in farmed salmonids. in northern norway, outbreaks of spironucleosis in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar have been a recurring problem. common to all these outbreaks was the origin of smolts: all came from the same farm. in the present study, wild arctic char salvelinus alpinus and brown trout salmo trutta were sampled from the lakes used as a water source for the smolt supplier. in addition, smolt and three ... | 2011 | 22235595 |
| flavobacterium psychrophilum associated with septicaemia and necrotic myositis in atlantic salmon salmo salar: a case report. | we describe the first case from norway of increased mortality in atlantic salmon salmo salar (l.), with septicaemia and necrotic myositis, associated with infection by flavobacterium psychrophilum. the outbreak occurred in smolt of 60 to 100 g in fresh water on a land-based farm in western norway during winter 2008-2009. the water temperature was < 5 degrees c and the accumulated mortality was 7.0%. necropsy of dead and moribund fish revealed a swollen dark spleen, pale liver, serohaemorrhagic a ... | 2011 | 22235593 |
| genetic variation for tolerance to acidic water in salmonids. | water ph is an important factor affecting the general water quality as well as quality traits in fishes, and the magnitude of the effect varies among species. the massive and negative effect of acidification of rivers and lakes became evident during the 1960s and 1970s and caused the depletion of fish stocks in several countries in the northern hemisphere. significant variation in tolerance to acidic water has been documented among salmonid species, and large genetic variation has been identifie ... | 2011 | 22220886 |
| seawater tolerance and post-smolt migration of wild atlantic salmon salmo salar × brown trout s. trutta hybrid smolts. | high levels of hybridization between atlantic salmon salmo salar and brown trout salmo trutta have been reported in the river driva. this study presents the underlying mechanisms of development of seawater (sw) tolerance and marine migration pattern for s. salar×s. trutta hybrids. migrating s. salar×s. trutta hybrid smolts caught in the river driva, norway (a river containing gyrodactylus salaris), displayed freshwater (fw) gill na(+), k(+) -atpase (nka) activity levels of 11·8 µmol adp mg prote ... | 2012 | 23331146 |
| low virulent infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav-hpr0) is prevalent and geographically structured in norwegian salmon farming. | infectious salmon anaemia (isa) is a severe disease in farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar that has caused epidemic outbreaks in most salmon-producing countries worldwide. the disease is caused by virulent isa virus (isav). low virulent variants of the virus, characterised by a full-length sequence in the highly polymorphic region of segment 6 in the virus genome, have been reported with increasing frequencies. these variants of the virus, termed hpr0, have been proposed to be ancestors of virule ... | 2012 | 23324416 |
| evaluation of the spoilage potential of bacteria isolated from spoiled raw salmon (salmo salar) fillets stored under modified atmosphere packaging. | the spoilage potential of eight bacterial groups/species (serratia spp., hafnia alvei, brochothrix thermosphacta, carnobacterium maltaromaticum, shewanella baltica, lactococcus piscium, photobacterium phosphoreum, "other enterobacteriaceae" [containing one strain of moellerella sp., morganella sp. and pectobacterium sp.]) isolated from spoiled raw salmon fillets stored under modified atmosphere packaging (map) was evaluated by inoculation into sterile raw salmon cubes followed by storage for 12d ... | 2012 | 23290229 |
| [peculiarities of the biology and parasite fauna of juvenile atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in the pista river (white sea basin), according to the gyrodactylus salaris infestation]. | juvenile salmon salmo salar m. sebago girard from the pista river system (the white sea basin) was investigated. the data on species composition and occurrence peculiarities of gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 are given. this monogenean is the alien species for the river system and it is recorded for the first time. it is shown that the distribution of the parasite abundance is can be described as the negative binomial distribution; variations of its parameters (k and p) were also characteriz ... | 2012 | 23285741 |
| understanding admixture patterns in supplemented populations: a case study combining molecular analyses and temporally explicit simulations in atlantic salmon. | genetic admixture between wild and introduced populations is a rising concern for the management of endangered species. here, we use a dual approach based on molecular analyses of samples collected before and after hatchery fish introduction in combination with a simulation study to obtain insight into the mechanisms of admixture in wild populations. using 17 microsatellites, we genotyped pre- and post-stocking samples from four atlantic salmon populations supplemented with non-native fish to es ... | 2012 | 23798972 |
| [evaluation of ten fish species to be included as part of renal diet, due to their protein, phosphorus and fatty acids content]. | because renal disease is highly complex, its nutritional treatment is complicated and many foods are restricted, including fish because its phosphorus content. the aim of the present study was to analyze ten fillet fish species, commonly consumed in mexico (cyprinus carpio carpio, ophichthus rex, symphurus elongatus, eucinostomus entomelas, chirostoma patzcuaro, bairdiella chrysoura, salmo salar oreochromis urolepis hornorum, sphyraena guachancho, istiophorus albicans), to determine their phosph ... | 2012 | 23610899 |
| [cloning and expression analysis of the nfκb inhibitor iκbα of ayu (plecoglossus altivelis)]. | the nfκb inhibitor (iκbα) is an integral part of nfκb/iκb signaling pathways, which plays roles in a variety of immune responses, such as bacterial infection resistance. by interacting with nuclear transcription factor nfκb, iκbα controls a variety of biological immune gene expressions. in this study, full-length cdna (1341 bp) of the nfκb inhibitor iκbα (paiκbα, genbank accession no. jn801027) of plecoglossus altivelis was obtained by race and pcr, and included a 5' untranslated region (utr) (6 ... | 2013 | 23913891 |
| sea lice population and sex differences in p-glycoprotein expression and emamectin benzoate resistance on salmon farms in the bay of fundy, new brunswick, canada. | parasitic sea lice are a major challenge for salmon aquaculture. this is especially due to recent development of resistance to emamectin benzoate (emb) in the parasite. we investigated 1) whether emb treatment success in grand manan, bay of fundy, nb, can be explained through emb bioassay and p-gp mrna expression studies, 2) if other populations of sea lice not under emb selective pressure possess similar emb sensitivity as grand manan sea lice populations, and 3) heritability of emb resistance ... | 2013 | 23913539 |
| detection of quantitative trait loci (qtl) related to grilsing and late sexual maturation in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | in atlantic salmon aquaculture, early sexual maturation represents a major problem for producers. this is especially true for grilse, which mature after one sea winter before reaching a desirable harvest weight, rather than after two sea winters. salmon maturing as grilse have a much lower market value than later maturing individuals. for this reason, most companies desire fish that grow fast and mature late. marker-assisted selection has the potential to improve the efficiency of selection agai ... | 2013 | 23912817 |
| 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulphate: a major new metabolite of the teleost oocyte maturation-inducing steroid. | this paper describes the discovery of 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one 20-sulphate (17,20 beta-p-sulphate) in urine of male and female plaice pleuronectes platessa, in female atlantic salmon salmo salar and in female dover sole solea solea. 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20 beta-p) induces oocyte final maturation in teleosts and, whereas levels of the free steroid in maturing/ovulating female plaice are generally less than 1 ng ml-1 and poorly associated with the stage ... | 2006 | 1563623 |
| development and survival of embryos and alevins of the atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., continuously exposed to acidic levels of ph, from fertilization. | | 1994 | 44226 |
| effect of pcbs and other organochlorine compounds on the hatchability of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) eggs. | | 1998 | 109136 |
| epidermal cellular proliferation and differentiation in sexually mature male salmo salar with androgen levels depressed by oil. | sexually mature male salmo salar exhibit epidermal thickening and an increase in goblet cell concentration during the spawning season. the ventral skin, which is likely to experience most abrasive contact during the spawning period, has the thickest epidermis and the greatest goblet cell concentration. following exposure to crude oil there is inhibition of cellular proliferation and elongation associated with epidermal thickening, and also inhibition of mucigenesis. data on the androgen levels i ... | 2010 | 2863822 |
| metabolic energy production during adrenergic ph regulation in red cells of the atlantic salmon, salmo salar. | whole blood from atlantic salmon was incubated anaerobically at 10 degrees c so as to measure the metabolic activity of the nucleated erythrocytes. an acute extracellular acidosis was produced by adding either an acid solution (sham) or an acid solution with adrenaline (final concentration, 5 x 10(-4) m). the extracellular acidosis produced by the sham solution was transferred to the erythrocytes, whereas with adrenaline, intracellular ph actually increased in the face of a plasma acidosis. inde ... | 2011 | 3187205 |
| hepatic estrogen receptors and plasma estrogen-binding activity in the atlantic salmon. | livers of male and female immature atlantic salmon (salmo salar) contain specific high-affinity [3h]estradiol binding sites in cytosol (kd 2-4 nm, concentration about 0.6 pmol/g liver). low levels of high-affinity binding are detectable in salt extracts of nuclei of untreated fish, but injections of estradiol result in transient depletion of the cytosol binder and in accumulation of high levels of binding sites in nuclear salt extracts (kd 5-6 nm; concentration about 6 pmol/g liver). both the cy ... | 2014 | 3979805 |
| galanin-like immunoreactivity in the brain of teleosts: distribution and relation to substance p, vasotocin, and isotocin in the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | the presence of galanin-like substances and their relation to substance p-, vasotocin-, and isotocin-immunoreactive neurons and fibers in the brain of teleosts was investigated with immunohistochemical methods. two specific antisera against synthetic porcine galanin (gal) revealed cell bodies and fibers in the brain of four different teleost species (salmo salar, carassius carassius, gasterosteus aculeatus, and anguilla anguilla). in all four species the main location of galanin immunoreactivity ... | 1980 | 1713923 |
| the bacterial flora of the atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) in relation to its environment. | | 2016 | 4753412 |
| enkephalin-immunoreactive cells in the mesencephalic tegmentum project to the optic tectum of the teleosts salmo gairdneri and salmo salar. | immunocytochemistry using antibodies against met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin has demonstrated a group of large enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus of the rostral mesencephalic tegmentum (mrmt) of two teleost fish. salmo gairdneri and salmo salar. injections of cobalt-lysine in the medial optic tectum retrogradely labeled the above group of tegmental neurons. tegmental neurons were labeled only ipsilaterally to the injection site. this indicates that enkephalinergic neurons in the ... | 1999 | 1905200 |
| cloning and characterisation of multiple ferritin isoforms in the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | ferritin is a highly-conserved iron-storage protein that has also been identified as an acute phase protein within the innate immune system. the iron-storage function is mediated through complementary roles played by heavy (h)-chain subunit as well as the light (l) in mammals or middle (m)-chain in teleosts, respectively. in this study, we report the identification of five ferritin subunits (h1, h2, m1, m2, m3) in the atlantic salmon that were supported by the presence of iron-regulatory regions ... | 2014 | 25078784 |
| development of a rapid real-time pcr method as a tool to quantify viable photobacterium phosphoreum bacteria in salmon (salmo salar) steaks. | a specific real-time pcr quantification method combined with a propidium monoazide sample treatment step was developed to determine quantitatively the viable population of the photobacterium phosphoreum species group in raw modified-atmosphere-packed salmon. primers were designed to amplify a 350-bp fragment of the gyrase subunit b gene (gyrb) of p. phosphoreum. the specificity of the two primers was demonstrated by using purified dna from 81 strains of 52 different bacterial species. when these ... | 2013 | 23396343 |
| sensory, microbiological and chemical changes in vacuum-packaged blue spotted emperor (lethrinus sp), saddletail snapper (lutjanus malabaricus), crimson snapper (lutjanus erythropterus), barramundi (lates calcarifer) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) fillets stored at 4°c. | quality assessment of finfish fillets during storage is important to be able to predict the shelf life of the fresh product during distribution. microbial, chemical (ph, tma, and tvb-n), and sensory (quality index assessment qia, torry scheme) changes in vacuum-packaged blue-spotted emperor (lethrinus sp), saddletail (lutjanus malabaricus), crimson snapper (lutjanus erythropterus), barramundi (lates calcarifer), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) fillets stored at 4°c were evaluated for 5 days. m ... | 2015 | 27247777 |
| transcriptional response of atlantic salmon families to piscirickettsia salmonis infection highlights the relevance of the iron-deprivation defence system. | piscirickettsiosis or salmonid rickettsial septicaemia (srs) is a bacterial disease that has a major economic impact on the chilean salmon farming industry. despite the fact that piscirickettsia salmonis has been recognized as a major fish pathogen for over 20 years, the molecular strategies underlying the fish response to infection and the bacterial mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. we analysed and compared the head kidney transcriptional response of atlantic salmon (salmo salar ... | 2015 | 26141111 |
| candida utilis and chlorella vulgaris counteract intestinal inflammation in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | intestinal inflammation, caused by impaired intestinal homeostasis, is a serious condition in both animals and humans. the use of conventional extracted soybean meal (sbm) in diets for atlantic salmon and several other fish species is known to induce enteropathy in the distal intestine, a condition often referred to as sbm induced enteropathy (sbmie). in the present study, we investigated the potential of different microbial ingredients to alleviate sbmie in atlantic salmon, as a model of feed-i ... | 2013 | 24386162 |
| salmonid alphavirus replication in mosquito cells: towards a novel vaccine production system. | salmonid alphavirus (sav) causes pancreas disease and sleeping disease in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and confers a major burden to the aquaculture industry. a commercial inactivated whole virus vaccine propagated in a salmon cell line at low temperature provides effective protection against sav infections. alphaviruses (family togaviridae) are generally transmitted between vertebrate hosts via blood-sucking arthropod vectors, typically mosquitoes. sav i ... | 2014 | 24418177 |
| a de novo transcriptome analysis shows that modulation of the jak-stat signaling pathway by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 favors virus replication in macrophage/dendritic-like to-cells. | the janus kinase (jak) and signaling transducer activator of transcription (stat) pathway mediates the signaling of genes required for cellular development and homeostasis. to elucidate the effect of type i ifn on the jak/stat pathway in salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav3) infected macrophage/dendritic like to-cells derived from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) headkidney leukocytes, we used a differential transcriptome analysis by rna-seq and the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (keggs) ... | 2016 | 27215196 |
| de novo assembly and transcriptome analysis of atlantic salmon macrophage/dendritic-like to cells following type i ifn treatment and salmonid alphavirus subtype-3 infection. | interferons (ifn) are cytokines secreted by vertebrate cells involved in activation of signaling pathways that direct the synthesis of antiviral genes. to gain a global understanding of antiviral genes induced by type i ifns in salmonids, we used rna-seq to characterize the transcriptomic changes induced by type i ifn treatment and salmon alphavirus subtype 3 (sav-3) infection in to-cells, a macrophage/dendritic like cell-line derived from atlantic salmon (salmo salar l) head kidney leukocytes. | 2015 | 25765343 |
| a polyprotein-expressing salmonid alphavirus replicon induces modest protection in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) against infectious pancreatic necrosis. | vaccination is an important strategy for the control and prevention of infectious pancreatic necrosis (ipn) in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in the post-smolt stage in sea-water. in this study, a heterologous gene expression system, based on a replicon construct of salmonid alphavirus (sav), was used for in vitro and in vivo expression of ipn virus proteins. the large open reading frame of segment a, encoding the polyprotein nh2-pvp2-vp4-vp3-cooh, as well as pvp2, were cloned and expresse ... | 2015 | 25606973 |
| long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) dynamics evidence immunomodulation during isav-infected atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | despite evidence for participation in the host response to infection, the roles of many long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) remain unknown. therefore, the aims of this study were to identify lncrnas in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and evaluate their transcriptomic regulation during isa virus (isav) infection, an orthomyxoviridae virus associated with high mortalities in salmonid aquaculture. using next-generation sequencing, whole-transcriptome analysis of the salmo salar response to isav infection ... | 2016 | 26939752 |
| evaluation of potential reference genes in real-time rt-pcr studies of atlantic salmon. | salmonid fishes are among the most widely studied model fish species but reports on systematic evaluation of reference genes in qrt-pcr studies is lacking. | 2005 | 16293192 |
| relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3. | salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav3) causes pancreas disease (pd) and adversely affects salmonid aquaculture in europe. a better understanding of disease transmission is currently needed in order to manage pd outbreaks. here, we demonstrate the relationship between viral dose and the outcome of sav3 infection in atlantic salmon post-smolts using a bath challenge model. fish were challenged at 12 °c with 3 different sav3 doses; 139, 27 and 7 tcid50 l(-1) of seawater. a dose of as little as 7 tcid ... | 2016 | 27760562 |
| de novo transcriptome analysis shows that sav-3 infection upregulates pattern recognition receptors of the endosomal toll-like and rig-i-like receptor signaling pathways in macrophage/dendritic like to-cells. | a fundamental step in cellular defense mechanisms is the recognition of "danger signals" made of conserved pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) expressed by invading pathogens, by host cell germ line coded pattern recognition receptors (prrs). in this study, we used rna-seq and the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (kegg) to identify prrs together with the network pathway of differentially expressed genes (degs) that recognize salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav-3) infection in ma ... | 2016 | 27110808 |
| potential disease interaction reinforced: double-virus-infected escaped farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., recaptured in a nearby river. | the role of escaped farmed salmon in spreading infectious agents from aquaculture to wild salmonid populations is largely unknown. this is a case study of potential disease interaction between escaped farmed and wild fish populations. in summer 2012, significant numbers of farmed atlantic salmon were captured in the hardangerfjord and in a local river. genetic analyses of 59 of the escaped salmon and samples collected from six local salmon farms pointed out the most likely source farm, but two o ... | 2014 | 24467305 |
| characterisation of a monoclonal antibody detecting atlantic salmon endothelial and red blood cells, and its association with the infectious salmon anaemia virus cell receptor. | endothelial cells (ecs) line the luminal surfaces of the cardiovascular system and play an important role in cardiovascular functions such as regulation of haemostasis and vasomotor tone. a number of fish and mammalian viruses target these cells in the course of their infection. infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) attacks ecs and red blood cells (rbcs) of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), producing the severe disease of infectious salmon anaemia (isa). the investigation of isa has up t ... | 2013 | 23439106 |
| development, characterisation and application of monoclonal antibodies for the detection and quantification of infectious salmon anaemia virus in plasma samples using luminex bead array technology. | infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) is an orthomyxovirus that has had a significant economic impact on atlantic salmon farming in europe, north america and chile. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were developed against segment 3 (encoding the viral nucleoprotein, np) of the virus. six of the mabs were shown to be specific to isav and recognised all isolates from scotland, norway and canada. they reacted with isav in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect fluorescent antibody techniqu ... | 2016 | 27434377 |
| experimental piscine orthoreovirus infection mediates protection against pancreas disease in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | viral diseases are among the main challenges in farming of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). the most prevalent viral diseases in norwegian salmon aquaculture are heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) caused by piscine orthoreovirus (prv), and pancreas disease (pd) caused by salmonid alphavirus (sav). both prv and sav target heart and skeletal muscles, but sav additionally targets exocrine pancreas. prv and sav are often present in the same locations and co-infections occur, but the effect ... | 2016 | 27769313 |
| vaccination against pancreas disease in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., reduces shedding of salmonid alphavirus. | salmon pancreas disease virus, often referred to as salmonid alphavirus (sav), causes pancreas disease (pd) in european salmonids. sav transmits horizontally from fish shedding virus into the water and ocean currents are believed to be a main contributor of viral spread between marine farms. vaccination against pd is previously shown to reduce mortality and severity of clinical pd. in this study, we demonstrate that vaccination against pd significantly reduces viral shedding from infected indivi ... | 2016 | 27496170 |
| atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) post-smolts challenged two or nine weeks after seawater-transfer show differences in their susceptibility to salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav3). | pancreas disease (pd), caused by salmonid alphavirus (sav), is an important disease affecting salmonid aquaculture. it has been speculated that atlantic salmon post-smolts are more prone to infections in the first few weeks following seawater- transfer. after this period of seawater acclimatization, the post-smolts are more robust and better able to resist infection by pathogens. here we describe how we established a bath immersion (bi) model for sav subtype 3 (sav3) in seawater. we also report ... | 2016 | 27068518 |
| pathological pigmentation in cardiac tissues of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) with cardiomyopathy syndrome. | it is widely accepted that melanin formation may play an immunologic role in invertebrates and ectothermic vertebrates. in farmed atlantic salmon, cardiomyopathy syndrome (cms) is a common viral disease associated with severe cardiac inflammation that may be accompanied by heavy melanisation of the heart. by the use of histology, laser capture microdissection and transcription analysis of tyrosinase genes, we here show that this melanisation is linked to de novo melanogenesis by melanomacrophage ... | 2013 | 24219276 |
| a survey of the atp-binding cassette (abc) gene superfamily in the salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis). | salmon lice, lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer, 1837), are fish ectoparasites causing significant economic damage in the mariculture of atlantic salmon, salmo salar linnaeus, 1758. the control of l. salmonis at fish farms relies to a large extent on treatment with anti-parasitic drugs. a problem related to chemical control is the potential for development of resistance, which in l. salmonis is documented for a number of drug classes including organophosphates, pyrethroids and avermectins. the atp- ... | 2015 | 26418738 |
| expression and genomic organization of zonadhesin-like genes in three species of fish give insight into the evolutionary history of a mosaic protein. | the mosaic sperm protein zonadhesin (zan) has been characterized in mammals and is implicated in species-specific egg-sperm binding interactions. the genomic structure and testes-specific expression of zonadhesin is known for many mammalian species. all zonadhesin genes characterized to date consist of meprin a5 antigen receptor tyrosine phosphatase mu (mam) domains, mucin tandem repeats, and von willebrand (vwd) adhesion domains. here we investigate the genomic structure and expression of zonad ... | 2005 | 16303057 |
| the vgll3 locus controls age at maturity in wild and domesticated atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) males. | wild and domesticated atlantic salmon males display large variation for sea age at sexual maturation, which varies between 1-5 years. previous studies have uncovered a genetic predisposition for variation of age at maturity with moderate heritability, thus suggesting a polygenic or complex nature of this trait. the aim of this study was to identify associated genetic loci, genes and ultimately specific sequence variants conferring sea age at maturity in salmon. we performed a genome wide associa ... | 2015 | 26551894 |
| gene cloning and mrna expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver, brain, and intestine of the swamp eel, monopterus albus (zuiew), exposed to freshwater, terrestrial conditions, environmental ammonia, or salinity stress. | the swamp eel, monopterus albus, is an obligatory air-breathing teleost which can undergo long period of emersion, has high environmental and tissue ammonia tolerance, and can survive in brackish water. we obtained a cdna sequence of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), which consisted of a 133-bp 5' utr, a complete coding sequence region spanning 1629 bp and a 3' utr of approximately 717 bp, from the liver, intestine, and brain of m. albus. the translated gdh amino acid sequence had 542 residues, and ... | 2011 | 22319499 |
| starvation alters the liver transcriptome of the innate immune response in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | the immune response is an energy demanding process, which has effects in many physiological pathways in the body including protein and lipid metabolism. during an inflammatory response the liver is required to produce high levels of acute phase response proteins that attempt to neutralise an invading pathogen. although this has been extensively studied in both mammals and fish, little is known about how high and low energy reserves modulate the response to an infection in fish which are ectother ... | 2010 | 20602791 |
| differences in par-2 activating potential by king crab (paralithodes camtschaticus), salmon (salmo salar), and bovine (bos taurus) trypsin. | salmon trypsin is shown to increase secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (il)-8 from human airway epithelial cells through activation of par-2. secretion of il-8 induced by king crab trypsin is observed in a different concentration range compared to salmon trypsin, and seems to be only partially related to par-2 activation. this report aim to identify differences in the molecular structure of king crab trypsin (paralithodes camtschaticus) compared to salmon (salmo salar) and bo ... | 2013 | 23870109 |
| mate choice for major histocompatibility complex genetic divergence as a bet-hedging strategy in the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-dependent mating preferences have been observed across vertebrate taxa and these preferences are expected to promote offspring disease resistance and ultimately, viability. however, little empirical evidence linking mhc-dependent mate choice and fitness is available, particularly in wild populations. here, we explore the adaptive potential of previously observed patterns of mhc-dependent mate choice in a wild population of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in q ... | 2011 | 21697172 |
| does domestication cause changes in growth reaction norms? a study of farmed, wild and hybrid atlantic salmon families exposed to environmental stress. | one of the most important traits linked with the successful domestication of animals is reducing their sensitivity to environmental stressors in the human controlled environment. in order to examine whether domestication selection in atlantic salmon salmo salar l., over approximately ten generations, has inadvertently selected for reduced responsiveness to stress, we compared the growth reaction norms of 29 wild, hybrid and domesticated families reared together under standard hatchery conditions ... | 2013 | 23382901 |
| molecular characterization of a transmembrane c-type lectin receptor gene from ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) and its effect on the recognition of different bacteria by monocytes/macrophages. | c-type lectin receptors (ctlrs) play vital roles in immune responses as pattern-recognition receptors (prrs). in this study, we identified a novel c-type lectin receptor (pactlrc) gene from ayu, plecoglossus altivelis. predicted pactlrc is a single transmembrane receptor with a typical carbohydrate recognition domain (crd) at its c-terminus. sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that pactlrc was most closely related to atlantic salmon (salmo salar) clrc, but was significantly ... | 2015 | 26010409 |
| phylogeny and expression analysis of c-reactive protein (crp) and serum amyloid-p (sap) like genes reveal two distinct groups in fish. | the acute phase response (apr) is an early innate immune function that is initiated by inflammatory signals, leading to the release of acute phase proteins to the bloodstream to re-establish homeostasis following microbial infection. in this study we analysed the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) whole-genome database and identified five c-reactive protein (crp)/serum amyloid p component (sap) like molecules namely crp/sap-1a, crp/sap-1b, crp/sap-1c, crp/sap-2 and crp/sap-3. these crp/sap genes form ... | 2017 | 28336487 |
| involvement of luxs in aeromonas salmonicida metabolism, virulence and infection in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l). | quorum sensing is a bacterial density dependent communication system, which regarded to regulate co-operative behaviors of community and mediated by extracellular signal molecules named autoinducers (ai). among various signals, autoinducer-2 (ai-2) is believed to be the messengers inter species and produced by luxs. for aeromonas salmonicida (a. salmonicida), an opportunistic pathogen to many cold-water teleost, little information has been known about the function of ai-2 and luxs. therefore, ou ... | 2017 | 28279794 |
| proteomic analysis in kidneys of atlantic salmon infected with aeromonas salmonicida by itraq. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major etiologic agent which induces furunculosis and is globally harmful in salmonid and turbot cultures, especially in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farming. in order to improve knowledge of its poorly understood pathogenesis, we utilized high-throughput proteomics to display differentially expressed proteins in the kidney of atlantic salmon challenged with high and low infection dose of a. salmonicida at 7 and 14 days. in quantitative proteomic assays, isobaric tags ... | 2017 | 28235584 |
| the effects of increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate (spc) on the immune responses and disease resistance (furunculosis) of vaccinated and non-vaccinated atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) parr. | juvenile salmon, with an initial weight of 9 g, were fed three experimental diets, formulated to replace 35 (spc35), 58 (spc58) and 80 (spc80) of high quality fishmeal (fm) with soy protein concentrate (spc) in quadruplicate tanks. higher dietary spc inclusion was combined with increased supplementation of methionine, lysine, threonine and phosphorus. the experiment was carried out for 177 days. on day 92 salmon in each tank were bulk weighed. post weighing eighty salmon from each tank were redi ... | 2016 | 27742588 |
| metabolic profiling in kidneys of atlantic salmon infected with aeromonas salmonicida based on (1)h nmr. | aeromonas salmonicida, an important pathogenic bacterium which induces furunculosis, is globally causing increased risks in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farming. although the kidney is the main target organ of a. salmonicida, the metabolic profiling of kidney in response to a. salmonicida in vivo remains unknown. here, we used (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) to comprehensively analyze the metabolic changes in the kidney of atlantic salmon. through the noesypr1d spectrum combined with mult ... | 2016 | 27577538 |
| a comparison of the response of diploid and triploid atlantic salmon (salmo salar) siblings to a commercial furunculosis vaccine and subsequent experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | sterile triploid fish represent a solution to the problems associated with sexual maturation and escapees in aquaculture. however, as disease outbreaks continue to cause significant economic losses to the industry, it is essential that the response of triploids to disease and disease treatments be characterised. the aim of this study was to compare the response of triploid atlantic salmon to a commercial furunculosis vaccine with that of diploid fish, and to assess the vaccine efficacy in the tw ... | 2016 | 27569980 |
| investigations on the role of the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis (caligidae), as a vector in the transmission of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | a bacteria-parasite challenge model was used to study the role of sea lice, lepeophtheirus salmonis (copepoda), as a vector of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. three hypotheses were tested: (i) l. salmonis can acquire a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida via water bath exposure; (ii) l. salmonis can acquire the bacteria via parasitizing infected atlantic salmon, salmo salar; and (iii) l. salmonis can transmit the bacteria to naïve atlantic salmon via parasitism. adult l. salmonis exposed t ... | 2016 | 26851068 |
| the impact of aeromonas salmonicida infection on innate immune parameters of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l). | enzyme activities and gene expression of a number of innate immune parameters in the serum, mucus and skin of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida (a. salmonicida). fish were injected in the dorsal muscle with either 100 μl bacterium solution, about 3.05 × 10(7) cfu/ml a. salmonicida, or 100 μl 0.9% nacl (as control group) and tissue samples were collected at days 0, 2, 4 and 6 post-injection. lysozyme (lsz) and alkalin ... | 2015 | 25725402 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| modulation of cellular innate immunity by lepeophtheirus salmonis secretory products. | lepeophtheirus salmonis produces pharmacologically active substances that have been shown to modify genetic expression of inflammatory mediators in shk-1 cells and head kidney macrophages of salmon. differences in genetic expression among genera of oncorhynchus and salmo reflect different susceptibilities to l. salmonis. this study was conducted to determine if the presence of l. salmonis secretory products (seps)(1) alters the cellular innate immune response (specifically macrophage function) a ... | 2014 | 24657318 |
| comparision of a serological potency assay for furunculosis vaccines (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) to intraperitoneal challenge in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | batch potency testing of salmonid vaccines is mainly performed by in vivo challenge, which requires a lot of animals and causes severe pain. due to the animal welfare concerns associated with in vivo immunization challenge tests, methods which could refine, reduce or replace (3rs) these tests are needed. the aim of this study was to assess the use of serological assay (immunization & antibody estimation with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for batch potency testing of oil adjuvanted ... | 2014 | 24359994 |
| vaccination of atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., with aeromonas salmonicida and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) showed a mixed th1/th2/treg response. | | 2013 | 23521564 |
| polyphasic characterization of aeromonas salmonicida isolates recovered from salmonid and non-salmonid fish. | michigan's fisheries rely primarily upon the hatchery propagation of salmonid fish for release in public waters. one limitation on the success of these efforts is the presence of bacterial pathogens, including aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of a. salmonicida in michigan fish, as well as to determine whether biochemical or gene sequence variability exists among michigan isolates. a total of 2202 wild, feral and hat ... | 2013 | 23444966 |
| antibody responses correlate with antigen dose and in vivo protection for oil-adjuvanted, experimental furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) vaccines in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and can be used for batch potency testing of vaccines. | salmon farming has increased dramatically over last thirty years and a key to the success is the introduction of protective vaccines. in norway, almost 100% of all atlantic salmon are vaccinated prior to sea transfer. this extensive use of vaccines demands use of a lot of resources in production and quality control of vaccines, and fish are now one of the most widely used laboratory animal species in norway, since all batch testing today is performed by challenge experiments. with an increasing ... | 2013 | 23219439 |
| a comparison of modelling approaches to assess the transmission of pathogens between scottish fish farms: the role of hydrodynamics and site biomass. | scotland is the largest atlantic salmon (salmo salar) producer in the eu with an output of over 150,000 t, contributing over £500 million annually towards the economy. production continues to increase, predominantly due to the increase in output per farm and reduction in losses due to infectious diseases. farms are grouped within disease management areas whose boundaries are defined by where the closest pair of farms is separated by more than twice the tidal excursion distance (te) tidal excursi ... | 2013 | 23218659 |
| expression of recombinant atlantic salmon serum c-type lectin in drosophila melanogaster schneider 2 cells. | the atlantic salmon (salmo salar) serum lectin (ssl) is a soluble c-type lectin that binds bacteria, including salmon pathogens. this lectin is a cysteine-rich oligomeric protein. consequently, a drosophila melanogaster expression system was evaluated for use in expressing ssl. a cdna encoding ssl was cloned into a vector designed to express it as a fusion protein with a hexahistidine tag, under the control of the drosophila methallothionein promoter. the resulting construct was stably transfect ... | 2013 | 23076800 |
| potential role of specific antibodies as important vaccine induced protective mechanism against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | furunculosis caused by infection with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida has been a known threat to aquaculture for more than a century. efficient prophylactic approaches against this disease are essential for continued growth of salmonid aquaculture. since the introduction of successful oil-adjuvanted vaccines in the early 1990's, a number of studies have been published on the protective as well as adverse effects of these vaccines. most studies focus on vaccination of salmon (salmo salar ... | 2012 | 23056427 |
| ligand and pathogen specificity of the atlantic salmon serum c-type lectin. | an atlantic salmon (salmo salar) c-type lectin (ssl) binds to mannose and related sugars as well as to the surface of aeromonas salmonicida. to characterize this lectin as a pathogen recognition receptor in salmon, aspects of its interaction with molecules and with intact pathogens were investigated. | 2013 | 23032861 |
| toxoid construction of asap1, a lethal toxic aspzincin metalloendopeptidase of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, and studies of its activity and processing. | asap1 is a toxic aspzincin metalloendopeptidase secreted by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes. the protease is highly immunogenic and antibodies against asap1 evoke a passive protection against infection with a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes. the protease is expressed as 37 kda pre-pro-protein and processed to an active enzyme of 19kda in a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes. recombinant expression of asap1(rec) in e. coli results in a protease of 22 kda that is not sec ... | 2013 | 23031341 |
| mulan related gene (mrg): a potential novel ubiquitin ligase activator of nf-kb involved in immune response in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | nuclear factor-kb (nf-kb) is a transcription factor that plays a central role in the regulation of a variety of genes including many involved in bacterial and viral infections. nf-kb is normally sequestered by inhibitory proteins (ikbs) in the cytoplasm of non-stimulated cells. the degradation of ikbs by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway releases nf-kb allowing its translocation to the nucleus where it regulates gene transcription. the mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of nf-kb, (mulan), i ... | 2012 | 22989998 |
| dormant/unculturable cells of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida. | viable cells of aeromonas salmonicida remained in experimental marine systems after plate counts indicated an absence of culturable cells. these so-called viable but nonculturable (vbnc) cells were coccoid and smaller than their normal culturable counterparts. there was no reduction in lipopolysaccharide of the vbnc cells. there was an alteration in protein composition, however, with a decline in some (15, 70, 30, 22, and 17 kda), but an increase in another protein (49 kda). a significant loss o ... | 1995 | 24185484 |
| the effect of dietary vitamin a on the immunocompetence of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. were maintained on diets containing low (0.37 mg kg(-1) diet), normal (1.95 mg kg(-1) diet) and high (15 mg kg(-1) diet) levels of vitamin a fed at 1.5% body weight per day. after 4 months, liver vitamin a levels reflected dietary intake and growth rates of all three groups were similar. kidney leucocyte migration and serum bactericidal activity were found to be significantly reduced in fish fed low levels of vitamin a. on the other hand, high levels of vitamin a ... | 1994 | 24203112 |
| dietary vitamin c, immunity and disease resistance in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | presmolt atlantic salmon were fed a fish meal based experimental diet supplemented with graded levels of ascorbate-2-monophosphate (ap), equivalent to 40, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg ascorbic acid (aa)/kg for 6 months prior to a bacterial challenge experiment. the liver aa concentration reflected the dietary intake of ap, but not linearly. growth, hematology and acid phosphatase activity in zymosan stimulated macrophages were not affected by dietary ap. serum hemolytic complement activity was higher i ... | 1993 | 24202626 |
| population dynamics of vibrio and pseudomonas species isolated from farmed tasmanian atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): a seasonal study. | vibrio and pseudomonas species have been shown to be part of the normal microbiota of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), with some strains causing disease in fish. the factors affecting their prevalence and persistence in the salmon gut, however, have not been well studied. in this study, we collected 340 vibrio and 150 pseudomonas isolates from the hindgut of farmed tasmanian atlantic salmon, fed with two commercially available diets. samples were collected every 6-8 weeks between july 2011 and ... | 2014 | 25027277 |
| litr is a repressor of syp genes and has a temperature-sensitive regulatory effect on biofilm formation and colony morphology in vibrio (aliivibrio) salmonicida. | vibrio (aliivibrio) salmonicida is the etiological agent of cold water vibriosis, a disease in farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) that is kept under control due to an effective vaccine. a seawater temperature below 12°c is normally required for disease development. quorum sensing (qs) is a cell density-regulated communication system that bacteria use to coordinate activities involved in colonization and pathogenesis, and we have previously shown that inactivation of the qs master regulator lit ... | 2014 | 24973072 |
| expression of vibrio salmonicida virulence genes and immune response parameters in experimentally challenged atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio salmonicida is the causative agent of cold-water vibriosis (cv), a hemorrhagic septicemia that primarily affects farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). the mechanisms of disease development, host specificity and adaptation, as well as the immunogenic properties of v. salmonicida are largely unknown. therefore, to gain more knowledge on the pathogenesis of cv, 90 atlantic salmon parr were injected intraperitoneally with 6 × 10(6) cfu of v. salmonicida lfi1238. ... | 2013 | 24391635 |
| co-infection of atlantic salmon (salmo salar), by moritella viscosa and aliivibrio wodanis, development of disease and host colonization. | two species of bacteria are repeatedly isolated from farmed fish with winter-ulcer disease. moritella viscosa is the aetiological agent of the disease; the significance of aliivibrio wodanis is uncertain but has not been related to the primary pathogenesis. a cell culture infection model showed that a. wodanis adhered to, but did not invade the fish cells. exposure to culture supernatant of a. wodanis caused the fish cells to vacoulate, retract, round up and detach from the surface, and rearrang ... | 2014 | 24745624 |
| comparative infectivity of three larval nematode species in three different salmonids. | host specificity of parasites may depend both on ecological and physiological factors. basic descriptions of the susceptibility/resistance of fish to specific nematodes are needed in order to reveal mechanisms in the host-parasite relation. rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (salmo trutta), and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were orally infected with larval stages of three different anisakid nematodes-hysterothylacium aduncum, contracaecum osculatum, and anisakis simplex-and parasit ... | 2013 | 23733234 |
| relationship between red vent syndrome and anisakid larvae burden in wild atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | the pathogenesis of the recently recognized "red vent syndrome" in wild atlantic salmon (salmo salar) is not fully understood. pathologic observations indicate that this syndrome is associated with the presence of nonencapsulated larvae of the nematode anisakis simplex in the body wall, the lower intestinal wall, and the visceral cavity surrounding the vent region. we evaluated the relationship between the occurrence of red vent syndrome and intensity of infection with anisakis sp. larvae in nat ... | 2013 | 23568898 |
| presence of anisakis simplex (rudolphi, 1809 det. krabbe, 1878) and hysterothylacium aduncum (rudolphi, 1802) (nematoda; anisakidae) in runts of farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. | one hundred farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., were examined for the presence of nematodes by digestion of tissue in hcl-pepsin solution. all fish were sampled from one cage in a fish farm on the norwegian south-west coast. fifty harvest quality salmon, that is, salmon for human consumption (mean 5.4 kg, variation 3.0-7.6 kg), were sampled at the processing line while 50 salmon runts (mean 1.1 kg, variation 0.4-1.8 kg), discarded due to poor performance, were sampled from the discard bin af ... | 2014 | 23488892 |
| microhabitat preference of anisakis simplex in three salmonid species: immunological implications. | three salmonid fish species, oncorhynchus mykiss, salmo salar and salmo trutta, were infected experimentally with the parasitic nematode anisakis simplex (a. simplex) and the difference between in vivo behaviour of the nematode in the three fish species was investigated. infection success rate differed between species. s. salar (baltic salmon) showed the highest number of successfully established nematodes, whereas s. trutta (brown trout) and o. mykiss (rainbow trout) had a higher natural resist ... | 2012 | 22858638 |
| sequence analysis of the genome of piscine orthoreovirus (prv) associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) in atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | piscine orthoreovirus (prv) is associated with heart- and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar). we have performed detailed sequence analysis of the prv genome with focus on putative encoded proteins, compared with prototype strains from mammalian (mrv t3d)- and avian orthoreoviruses (arv-138), and aquareovirus (gcrv-873). amino acid identities were low for most gene segments but detailed sequence analysis showed that many protein motifs or key amino acid re ... | 2013 | 23922911 |
| effects of oral bt-maize (mon810) exposure on growth and health parameters in normal and sensitised atlantic salmon, salmo salar l. | responses to gm maize bt-maize, mon810) expressing cry1ab protein from the soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) in diets for both normal and immune-sensitised (with soyabean meal (sbm)-induced enteropathy) post-smolt atlantic salmon were investigated following 33 and 97 d of exposure. triplicate tanks of salmon were fed one of four diets, all containing 20% whole-kernel meal maize, either bt-maize or its near-isogenic maternal line, without or with 15% extracted sbm inclusion. the fish fed ... | 2013 | 23182224 |
| a naturally occurring substitution in the e2 protein of salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 changes viral fitness. | phylogenetic analyses of the salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav3) epizootic have suggested that a substitution from proline to serine in the receptor binding protein e2 position 206 has occurred after the introduction of virus from a wild reservoir to farmed salmonid fish in norway. we modelled the 3d structure of p62, the uncleaved e3-e2 precursor, of savh20/03 based on its sequence homology to the chikungunya virus (chikv), and studied in vitro and in vivo effects of the mutation using reverse ... | 2015 | 25445347 |
| clostridium botulinum toxin production in relation to spoilage of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) packaged in films of varying oxygen permeabilities and with different atmospheres. | shelf life of fish packaged under modified atmosphere (ma) is extended, but within the united states, commercial application of ma with impermeable packaging films is restricted due to concerns that botulinum toxin production would precede spoilage when contaminated fish are held at abusive storage temperatures. use of semipermeable packaging films has been advocated; however, previous studies are inconclusive in determining the oxygen transmission rate (otr) of a film that is needed to achieve ... | 2015 | 26555524 |
| development of a reverse genetic system for infectious salmon anemia virus: rescue of recombinant fluorescent virus by using salmon internal transcribed spacer region 1 as a novel promoter. | infectious salmon anemia (isa) is a serious disease of marine-farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) caused by isa virus (isav), belonging to the genus isavirus, family orthomyxoviridae. there is an urgent need to understand the virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of isav and to develop new vaccine approaches. using a recombinant molecular biology approach, we report the development of a plasmid-based reverse genetic system for isav, which includes the use of a novel fish promoter, the atl ... | 2015 | 25480750 |
| gill pathology in scottish farmed atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., associated with the microsporidian desmozoon lepeophtherii freeman et sommerville, 2009. | gill disorders have emerged in recent years as a significant problem in the production of marine-stage atlantic salmon salmo salar l. the multi-aetiological condition 'proliferative gill inflammation' (pgi) has been reported to cause heavy losses in western norway, yet reports of scottish cases of the disease have remained anecdotal. in the present study, histopathological material from a marine production site in the scottish highlands experiencing mortalities due to a seasonal gill disease wit ... | 2013 | 23444900 |
| the diversity of microsporidia in parasitic copepods (caligidae: siphonostomatoida) in the northeast pacific ocean with description of facilispora margolisi n. g., n. sp. and a new family facilisporidae n. fam. | three distinct microsporidia were identified from parasitic copepods in the northeast pacific ocean. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a partial small subunit ribosomal rna gene (ssu rdna) sequence identified a genetically distinct variety of desmozoon lepeophtherii from lepeophtheirus salmonis on cultured atlantic salmon salmo salar, and this was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. phylogenetic analysis resolved the ssu rdna sequence of the second organism in a unique lineage t ... | 2012 | 22452386 |
| vertebrate defense against parasites: interactions between avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. | hosts can utilize different types of defense against the effects of parasitism, including avoidance, resistance, and tolerance. typically, there is tremendous heterogeneity among hosts in these defense mechanisms that may be rooted in the costs associated with defense and lead to trade-offs with other life-history traits. trade-offs may also exist between the defense mechanisms, but the relationships between avoidance, resistance, and tolerance have rarely been studied. here, we assessed these t ... | 2017 | 28116053 |
| molecular characterization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains isolated from the three types of salmonids farmed in chile. | the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) causes significant economic losses in chilean salmon farming. for effective sanitary management, the ipnv strains present in chile need to be fully studied, characterized, and constantly updated at the molecular level. | 2017 | 28143585 |
| the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1) replication in tissues of experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | salmon pancreas disease (spd) is one of the most commercially significant viral diseases of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in europe. in this study, the potential for dietary mitigation of the disease using different polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) profiles was assessed in rainbow trout. we experimentally infected fish with salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1), the causative agent of spd. these fish were fed two diets with different n-3/n-6 pufa r ... | 2015 | 25935121 |
| superior protection conferred by inactivated whole virus vaccine over subunit and dna vaccines against salmonid alphavirus infection in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | salmonid alphavirus 3 (sav-3) is an emerging pathogen in norwegian salmon farming and causes severe annual losses. we studied the immunogenicity and protective ability of subunit and dna vaccines based on e1 and e2 spike proteins of salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (sav-3), and compared these to an experimental inactivated, whole virus (iwv) vaccine in atlantic salmon. the antigens were delivered as water-in-oil emulsions for the subunit and inactivated vaccines and non-formulated for the dna vacci ... | 2012 | 22504037 |
| identification and molecular characterization of peroxiredoxin 6 from japanese eel (anguilla japonica) revealing its potent antioxidant properties and putative immune relevancy. | peroxiredoxins (prdx) are thiol specific antioxidant enzymes that play a pivotal role in cellular oxidative stress by reducing toxic peroxide compounds into nontoxic products. in this study, we identified and characterized a peroxiredoxin 6 counterpart from japanese eel (anguilla japonica) (ajprdx6) at molecular, transcriptional and protein level. the identified full-length coding sequence of ajprdx6 (669 bp) coded for a polypeptide of 223 aa residues (24.9 kda). deduced protein of ajprdx6 showe ... | 2016 | 26911410 |
| genomic organization, expression and antimicrobial activity of a hepcidin from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a crucial role in innate immune system of teleost fish. as a cysteine-rich peptide, hepcidin possesses a dual function including iron regulation and innate immunity. in the present study, a full-length hepcidin cdna (hthep) was cloned and characterized by rt-pcr and race techniques from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas), which is a type of rare, precious and cold-water fish species in china. the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 267 bp encoding 88 ... | 2016 | 27452973 |
| ultrapure lps induces inflammatory and antibacterial responses attenuated in vitro by exogenous sera in atlantic cod and atlantic salmon. | phagocyte recognition of lipopolysaccharide (lps) is an early key event for triggering the host innate immune response necessary for clearance of invading bacteria. the ability of fishes to recognise lps has been questioned as contradictory results have been presented. we show here that monocyte/macrophage cultures from atlantic cod (gadus morhua) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) respond with an increased expression of inflammatory and antibacterial genes to both crude and ultrapure escherichia ... | 2015 | 25655332 |
| microbiological quality of salmon (salmo salar) sold in cities of the state of são paulo, brazil. | the present paper evaluated the microbiology of salmon by quantifying mesophilic heterotrophic microorganisms, total and thermotolerant coliforms, and the presence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella sp., escherichia coli and aeromonas sp. in the meat. this study can provide technical support for the suggestion of a new regulation of a brazilian legislation through specific microbiological standards concerning the consumption of raw fish. a number of 31 (16 cooled and 1 ... | 2012 | 24031968 |
| cloning, expression and purification of atlantic salmon (salmo salar, l.) neuroglobin. | neuroglobin (ngb) exists only in small amounts in salmon brain. in order to study the protein in more detail salmon neuroglobin (sngb) was cloned, heterologously expressed in escherichia coli and purified. the protein had red color and showed the characteristic peaks at 411nm (metngb), 415nm (carboxyngb) and 424nm (deoxyngb). western analysis showed that sngb reacted weakly against a rabbit anti human neuroglobin (hngb) and strongly to a sngb specific antibody. our 3d-homology model of the sngb ... | 2012 | 23041263 |