| reclassification of paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) pulvifaciens (nakamura 1984) ash et al. 1994, a later subjective synonym of paenibacillus (formerly bacillus) larvae (white 1906) ash et al. 1994, as a subspecies of p. larvae, with emended descriptions of p. larvae as p. larvae subsp. larvae and p. larvae subsp. pulvifaciens. | a polyphasic taxonomic study of four strains of paenibacillus larvae and four strains of paenibacillus pulvifaciens (including duplicates of both type strains) supported the reclassification of both former bacillus species into one species, p. larvae. our conclusions were based on morphological and analytab products (api) tests, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) of whole-cell proteins, gas chromatography of methylated fatty acids, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, d ... | 1996 | 8573507 |
| cytochemical evidence for the presence of phospholipids in epithelial tight junction strands. | previous freeze-fracture experiments using either glutaraldehyde-fixed and cryoprotected specimens or unfixed rapid-frozen samples led to the proposal that cylindrical strands of the tight junction (tj) observed in freeze-fracture preparations are inverted cylindrical micelles made up of membrane lipids and, possibly, membrane proteins. however, no one has yet been able to directly label the structural fibrils of the tj. to test the hypothesis that tj strands observed on freeze-fracture preparat ... | 1993 | 8468446 |
| the sequence, organization, and evolution of the locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome. | the sequencing of the cloned locusta migratoria mitochondrial genome has been completed. the sequence is 15,722 bp in length and contains 75.3% a+t, the lowest value in any of the five insect mitochondrial sequences so far determined. the protein coding genes have a similar a+t content (74.1%) but are distinguished by a high cytosine content at the third codon position. the gene content and organization are the same as in drosophila yakuba except for a rearrangement of the two trna genes trnalys ... | 1995 | 8587138 |
| toxinology of venoms from the honeybee genus apis. | the venoms of apis dorsata, a. cerana, a. florea, and three different populations of a. mellifera were compared for lethal activity toward mice. all venoms exhibited identical activities, a finding consistent with recent evolutionary history within the genus. young queen honeybees use their venoms only for stinging other queens and possess a venom only half as lethal to mice as worker venom, and by the time queens are 1-2 years of age their venom has become essentially inactive. phospholipase a2 ... | 1995 | 8588216 |
| active site of bee venom phospholipase a2: the role of histidine-34, aspartate-64 and tyrosine-87. | in bee venom phospholipase a2, histidine-34 probably functions as a brønsted base to deprotonate the attacking water. aspartate-64 and tyrosine-87 form a hydrogen bonding network with histidine-34. we have prepared mutants at these positions and studied their kinetic properties. the mutant in which histidine-34 is changed to glutamine is catalytically inactive, while the mutants in which aspartate-64 is changed to asparagine or alanine (interfacial turnover numbers are reduced by 50-100-fold) or ... | 1996 | 8605210 |
| induction of specific allograft immunity by soluble class i mhc heavy chain protein produced in a baculovirus expression system. | spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells secreted a class i mhc rt1.aa heavy chain protein when infected with baculovirus that bore a construct that contained a honeybee melittin secretion (ms) signal attached to rt1.aa cdna. the rt1.aa heavy chain protein in the culture supernatant and cell lysate immunoprecipitated in the presence of 5 individual anti-rt1.aa-specific mab. as was revealed by densitometric analysis, the ms signal increased the production (7- to 17-fold) and secretion (20- to 47- ... | 1996 | 8610360 |
| propolis protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy in rats. | propolis (bee glue) is one of the major hive products of bees and is rich in flavonoids, which are known for antioxidant activities. doxorubicin-induced myocardiopathy is the consequence of oxidative stress through the mediation of free radicals. the effect of intraperitoneal administration of propolis (50 and 100 mg/kg) was studied on cardiomyopathy produced by doxorubicin (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats. serum creatine phosphokinase (ck), aspartate aminotransferase (ast), blood and tissue glutathione ... | 1995 | 8612723 |
| allergens in hymenoptera venom. xxvii: bumblebee venom allergy and allergens. | allergic reactions to bumblebee stings are much less common than allergic reactions to honeybee stings. preliminary studies suggest that there may be a high degree of cross-reactivity between honeybee and bumblebee venoms. | 1996 | 8613638 |
| the role of arachidonic acid in the secretion of the amyloid precursor protein (app). | we have studied the activation of human ml-muscarinic receptors in a genetically engineered chinese hamster ovary cell line (cho-ml) to determine which second messenger systems affect the secretion of app via the non-amyloidogenic route. carbachol activation of the signaling pathways in cho-ml cells promotes app secretion by activation of both protein kinase c (pkc)-dependent or ca(++)-dependent second messenger pathways. both pathways converge to increase the enzyme activity of phospholipase a2 ... | 1996 | 8624105 |
| inhibitory effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) on 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion in mouse skin and the synthesis of dna, rna and protein in hela cells. | topical application of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), a constituent of the propolis of honeybee hives, to the backs of cd-1 mice previously initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) inhibited 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced tumor promotion and the formation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (hmdu) in epidermal dna. topical application of 5 nmol tpa twice weekly for 20 weeks to mice previously initiated with 200 nmol of dmba resulted in 18.8 skin papillomas pe ... | 1996 | 8625488 |
| assessment of worker exposure to airborne molds in honeybee overwintering facilities. | airborne fungi in honeybee overwintering and equipment cleaning facilities were enumerated and identified to determine worker exposure during cleaning and routine beekeeping operations. testing was prompted by observations of extensive mold growth on dead bees and associated material and by results of a preliminary study at one alberta beekeeping facility that showed very high numbers of mold colonies on air samples taken during worker activity. to evaluate whether high mold counts were indicati ... | 1996 | 8638520 |
| elimination of ige regulatory rat cd8+ t cells in vivo differentially modulates interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma but not interleukin-2 production by splenic t cells. | intraperitoneal immunization of hooded lister rats with a soluble antigen such as bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2), or ovalbumin (ova) together with the toxic lectin, ricin, eliminates a population of early-activated cd8+ t cells which regulate ige production. these early-activated cd8+ t cells are eliminated because they bear increased ricin-binding glycoproteins on their surface. this immunization regimen produces a vigorous and long-lived ige response. the effect of this treatment on the cap ... | 1993 | 8495968 |
| a royal jelly as a new potential immunomodulator in rats and mice. | in order to study a possible immunomodulatory effect of the royal jelly (rj) secreted by mandibular and hypopharingeal glands of the worker honeybee (apis mellifera linné.) we have used a well established rodent model. the cba mice were given s.c. 0.1 ml of rj, 7 days before, or immediately after, the immunization with sheep red blood cells (srbc). the y59 rats received i.m. 0.4 ml or i.v. 0.025 ml of rj once or twice at 7 day intervals. serum levels of total proteins and immunoglobulins in the ... | 1996 | 8654043 |
| bacillus larvae carrier status of swarms and feral colonies of honeybees (apis mellifera) in australia. | | 1996 | 8660215 |
| role of lysophosphatidylcholine in the inhibition of endothelial cell motility by oxidized low density lipoprotein. | endothelial cell (ec) movement is required for the development and repair of blood vessels. we have previously shown that ldl oxidized by transition metals almost completely suppressed the wound-healing migratory response of vascular ec in vitro. we now report that lysophosphatidylcholine (lysopc), a lipid component of oxidized ldl, has an important role in the antimigratory activity of the lipoprotein. purified 1-palmitoyl lysopc inhibited movement with a half-maximal activity at 12-15 micromet ... | 1996 | 8675684 |
| synaptosomal binding of 125i-labelled daboiatoxin, a new pla2 neurotoxin from the venom of daboia russelli siamensis. | daboiatoxin (dbtx), the pla2 neurotoxin from daboia russelli siamensis venom, was shown to bind specifically and saturably to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes and synaptic membrane fragments. two families of binding sites were detected by equilibrium binding analysis in the presence and absence of ca2+. scatchard analysis of biphasic plateaus revealed kdl 5 nm and bmax1, 6 pmoles/mg protein, and kd2 80 nm and bmax2 20 pmoles/mg protein, respectively, for the high- and low-affinity binding sites. ... | 1996 | 8711753 |
| effects on behaviour and eeg of single chain phospholipases a2 from snake and bee venoms injected into rat brain: search for a functional antagonism. | three phospholipase a2 (pla2s), os1 and os1 purified from the taipan snake venom oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus and bee venom pla2 were injected to rats by the intracerebroventricular route. os1 showed no sign of neurotoxicity at doses at which os2 and bee venom pla2 produced multiform dose-dependent behavioural effects including motor disturbances (stereotyped movements), compulsive scratching, convulsions and breathing difficulties. eeg recordings showed at the very time when the animal was ... | 1996 | 8737971 |
| biological properties and antibiotic susceptibility of bacillus larvae originated from american foulbrood of honeybee in japan. | the biological properties and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of bacillus larvae were examined. twenty-nine strains, 28 isolates from each outbreak of american foulbrood in japan and a b. larvae type strain (atcc 9545t) were used. our b. larvae isolates had almost the same biological properties as the type strain. the isolates were more susceptible to penicillins, macrolides and lincomycin, a lincosamide, than other antimicrobials. microsamicin among the macrolides and ampicillin among th ... | 1996 | 8741604 |
| [experiences with the use of bayvarol strips in beehives in warehouses and post-treatment hives for control of varroatosis under practice conditions]. | bayvarol strips are a highly efficient remedy against varroatosis. when applied according to the directions for use, the bee colonies can be protected from varroa induced collapse in the late summer. moreover bayvarol strips help in the development of healthy winter bees and guarantee the hibernation of strong bee colonies. a change of nowadays control strategy is possible only when breeding of bees resistant to varroa jacobsoni will succeed (büchler, 1992). | 1996 | 8765540 |
| neutralization of bee venom lethality by immune serum antibodies. | the lethal effects of africanized honey bee venom depend on the absorption of venom delivered during simultaneous sting attacks by large numbers of bees. the hypothesis that antibodies to whole bee venom and bee venom components could neutralize the lethal effect of bee venom was tested. antibodies from beekeepers and immunized rabbits were incubated with bee venom and neutralization was studied by survival of intravenously injected mice. beekeeper serum antibodies were found effective in protec ... | 1996 | 8780460 |
| green fluorescent protein as a tool for screening recombinant baculoviruses. | the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) from the jellyfish aequorea victoria, ligated to the honeybee melittin signal peptide-encoding sequence, was inserted under transcriptional control of the polyhedrin promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and expressed in the spodoptera frugiperda insect cell line sf9 during viral infection. the recombinant green fluorescent protein was identified by sds-page gel electrophoresis followed by coomassie blue staining o ... | 1996 | 8793839 |
| bee-glue reveals anti-inflammatory properties plus... | | 1996 | 8796903 |
| developmental changes in depolarization-mediated ampa receptor modifications and potassium-induced long-term potentiation. | in the present study, we examined the kcl-induced increase in [3h] amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate ([3h]ampa) binding in telencephalic synaptoneurosomes and potentiation of synaptic transmission (kltp) in hippocampal slices during development in rats. as previously reported, kci-induced depolarization of telencephalic synaptoneurosomes resulted in a 40 +/- 5% increase in [3h]ampa binding to membrane fractions in adult rats (3 months old). kci-induced increase in [3h]ampa binding w ... | 1996 | 8804693 |
| laboratory and field studies on the effects of the antibiotic tylosin on honey bee apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae) development and prevention of american foulbrood disease. | laboratory and field studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the antibiotic tylosin in preventing and controlling infections of american foulbrood disease (afb) of honey bees. studies conducted on immature worker bees maintained in the laboratory revealed that honey bee larvae could tolerate quite a range of doses of antibiotic in their diet. intermediate doses of tylosin protected very young larvae from becoming infected by bacillus larvae at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(8) spor ... | 1996 | 8812572 |
| the cultural production of bioterapia: psychic healing and the natural medicine movement in slovakia. | despite powerful opposition, natural medicine (nm) has achieved a toe-hold in the state-run biomedical system in the slovak republic. the physician-leader of the nm movement hopes to leverage his ministerial post as nm 'supreme expert' and his interlocking nm clinical and research facilities to achieve a complex, unified health care system under control of medical doctors. this health care model simultaneously reinforces biomedical hegemony and decenters classical medicine by substituting a bioe ... | 1995 | 8545679 |
| an extracellular enzyme with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase activities from some oral anaerobic spirochaetes. | treponema denticola, treponema vincentii and treponema socranskii produce an enzyme that hydrolyses hyaluronic acid (ha) and chondroitin sulphate (cs). the secreted enzyme is specifically inhibited by gold sodium thiomalate and anti-bee-venom antibodies. the use of saturated substrate (ha or cs) transblots allowed the visualization of active enzyme directly from culture supernatants and is a useful tool in clarification of complex polysaccharide-degrading enzyme specificities. the affinity-purif ... | 1996 | 8828225 |
| effects of marine 2-polyprenyl-1,4-hydroquinones on phospholipase a2 activity and some inflammatory responses. | three 2-polyprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone derivatives (2-heptaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: is1, 2-octaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: is2 and 2-[24-hydroxy]-octaprenyl-1,4-hydroquinone: is3) isolated from the mediterranean sponge ircinia spinosula, were evaluated for effects on phospholipase a2 activity of different origin (naja naja venom, human recombinant synovial fluid and bee venom), as well as on human neutrophil function and mouse ear oedema induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa). is1 inter ... | 1995 | 8575515 |
| juvenile hormone, behavioral maturation, and brain structure in the honey bee. | juvenile hormone regulates metamorphosis in insects, and its effects on the nervous system during the larval-pupal transition have been studied primarily in the hawk moth, manduca sexta. the effects of juvenile hormone on the nervous system of adult insects have been little studied. elucidating the role of juvenile hormone during behavioral development in adult honey bees provides an opportunity to study hormone regulation of nervous system structure and function in an insect with a rich behavio ... | 1996 | 8840089 |
| inhibition of spiralin processing by the lipopeptide antibiotic globomycin. | the cyclic lipopeptide globomycin, a specific inhibitor of signal-peptidase ii (lsp a), proved toxic for the mollicute spiroplasma melliferum with a minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) in the range 6.25-12.5 microm, about one order of magnitude higher (that is, less efficient) than bee-venom mellitin. sds-page analysis of cell proteins followed by immunolabeling ("western blotting") and by crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that the cleavage of the prespiralin leader peptide was preve ... | 1996 | 8875913 |
| the production of a truncated form of baculovirus expressed ehv-1 glycoprotein c and its role in protection of c3h (h-2kk) mice against virus challenge. | a truncated form of the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) glycoprotein c (gc) gene was expressed in baculovirus. the gc signal sequence was substituted with the honeybee melittin signal sequence and the transmembrane region was replaced with a histidine tag. the recombinant virus produced high levels of gc in both the cells and supernatants of infected cells. the protein was present by 24 h and maximal secretion occurred at 96 h post-infection. the recombinant protein was antigenically authentic as s ... | 1996 | 8879139 |
| the bee venom test: a new tonic-pain test. | the present study describes a new test of tonic pain to be used as an animal model of persistent pain. first, pain responses and edema produced by subcutaneous injection of increasing doses of honey bee venom into the hind paw of the rat were quantified. second, the effect of morphine and aspirin on the pain responses was investigated. finally, the response to concurrent injections of bee venom and formalin was examined. subcutaneous injection of bee venom produced local inflammation, tonic-pain ... | 1996 | 8880850 |
| membrane localization of n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine in central neurons: studies with exogenous phospholipases. | we studied the localization of n-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (nape), a putative cannabinoid precursor, in primary cultures of striatal and cortical neurons from the rat brain. we probed intact neurons with various exogenous phospholipases, including s. chromofuscus phospholipase d (pld). s. chromofuscus pld does not penetrate into neurons (as demonstrated by a lack of internalization of 125i-labeled pld), and does not cause gross damage to the neuronal membrane (as demonstrated by a lack of ef ... | 1996 | 8906547 |
| the use of aqueous propolis extract against radiation-induced damage. | whole body exposure to gamma radiation has been experimentally shown to exaggerate inflammatory responses and to enhance the release of mediators. a thirteen per cent aqueous extract of propolis (bee glue) was previously shown to have potent antiinflammatory activity. the present study was carried out to show whether the extract could influence the exaggerated inflammatory response in irradiated animals. rats were exposed to acute (2 and 6 gy) & fractionated (1 gy/week) doses of gamma ionizing r ... | 1995 | 8907698 |
| cross-reactivity between the major allergen from olive pollen and unrelated glycoproteins: evidence of an epitope in the glycan moiety of the allergen. | ole e 1, the major allergen from olive pollen, is a glycoprotein containing a single asn-linked glycan moiety. rabbit antiserum against this protein has been obtained; and its immunologic cross-reactivities in western blotting with ascorbate oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, bromelain, ovalbumin, and honeybee venom phospholipase a2 have been studied. ascorbate oxidase, peroxidase, and bromelain are recognized by the ole e 1 antiserum. when these three proteins are deglycosylated by periodate trea ... | 1996 | 8648022 |
| interactions of different extracts of propolis with leukocytes and leukocytic enzymes. | extracts of the "bee glue" propolis exhibit well-known antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. however, the biochemical mechanisms of propolis effects in wound healing and inflammatory processes are not yet fully understood. therefore the effects of different ethanolic and aqueous extracts on leukocytes and some of their most important enzymes namely myeloperoxidase, nadph oxidase and lipoxygenase were investigated. only high concentrations of propolis extracts inhibited these enzymatic ... | 1996 | 8821517 |
| inhibition of phospholipase a2 activities and some inflammatory responses by the marine product ircinin. | the marine product ircinin has been tested for its effects on secretory and cytosolic phospholipase a2 (pla2) activities in vitro as well as for inhibition of cellular functions in human neutrophils and inflammatory responses in mice. ircinin inhibited naja naja venom, human synovial recombinant, bee venom and zymosan-injected rat air pouch pla2 with ic50 values in the microm range, similar to those of the known inhibitor scalaradial. on the other hand, ircinin was less active on cytosolic pla2 ... | 1996 | 8938669 |
| identification of staphylococci with a self-educating system using fatty acid analysis and biochemical tests. | we characterized all of the 35 aerobic taxa of the genus staphylococcus by using an objective, self-learning system combining both whole-cell fatty acid (fa) analysis and the results of 35 biochemical tests. isolates were compared with the type strain for each taxon to generate an fa profile library and a biochemical table of test responses. isolates were accepted into the system if they had a similarity index of > or = 0.6 for a taxon within the fa profile library and if they were identified as ... | 1996 | 8940451 |
| isolation and characterization of restriction endonuclease in plesiomonas shigelloides and aeromonas species. | five restriction endonucleases (enases) and one enase were found in a screen of 196 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides and 147 strains of aeromonas species. plesiomonas and aeromonas species are classified as vibrionaceae, identified as food-poisoning bacteria, are closely genetically related to each other, and their enases producing abilities have not bee reported. enases were detected at relatively low frequencies in these species as compared to those in other species, such as salmonella spec ... | 1996 | 8951174 |
| synergy by secretory phospholipase a2 and glutamate on inducing cell death and sustained arachidonic acid metabolic changes in primary cortical neuronal cultures. | secretory and cytosolic phospholipases a2 (spla2 and cpla2) may contribute to the release of arachidonic acid and other bioactive lipids, which are modulators of synaptic function. in primary cortical neuron cultures, neurotoxic cell death and [3h]arachidonate metabolism was studied after adding glutamate and spla2 from bee venom. spla2, at concentrations eliciting low neurotoxicity (</=100 ng/ml), induced a decrease of [3h]arachidonate-phospholipids and preferential reesterification of the fatt ... | 1996 | 8955105 |
| integrated nutritional, hormonal, and metabolic effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhgh) supplementation in trauma patients. | an anabolic stimulus is needed in addition to conventional nutritional support in the catabolic "flow" phase of severe trauma. one promising therapy appears to be rhgh infusion which has direct as well as hormonal mediated substrate effects. we investigated on a whole-body level, the basic metabolic effects of trauma within 48-60 h after injury in 20 severely injured (injury severity score [iss] = 31 +/- 2), highly catabolic (n loss = 19 +/- 2 g/d), hypermetabolic (resting energy expenditure [re ... | 1996 | 8974104 |
| potential allergens stimulate the release of mediators of the allergic response from cells of mast cell lineage in the absence of sensitization with antigen-specific ige. | a number of structurally diverse antigens preferentially stimulate the synthesis of ige antibodies, but no unifying principle has been proposed that explains the nature of isotype selection. in the present study, we show that common allergens present in bee venom, house dust mite emanations and parasite proteins induce mast cell and basophil degranulation and stimulate interleukin-4 synthesis, and secretion in the absence of antigen-specific ige. these data point to a linkage between the initial ... | 1996 | 8977293 |
| quantitation of the cytosolic phospholipase a2 (type iv) in isolated human peripheral blood eosinophils by sandwich-elisa. | sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) was developed for precise quantitation of cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2 type iv) concentration in isolated human peripheral blood eosinophils as an alternative to semiquantitative chemiluminescent assay employing immunoprecipitation/western blot analysis. in this assay, monoclonal mouse anti-human cpla2 antiserum was used as the capture antibody, polyclonal rabbit anti-human cpla2 antiserum as the secondary antibody, and alkaline phosphatas ... | 1996 | 8982353 |
| synthesis of soluble rubella virus spike proteins in two lepidopteran insect cell lines: large scale production of the e1 protein. | the two envelope glycoproteins of rubella virus (rv), e1 of 58 kda and e2 of 42-47 kda, were individually expressed in lepidopteran spodoptera frugiperda as well as in trichoplusia ni insect cells using baculovirus vectors. the authentic signal sequences of e1 and e2 were replaced with the honeybee melittin signal sequence, allowing efficient entrance into the secretory pathway of the insect cell. in addition, the hydrophobic transmembrane anchors at the carboxyl termini of e1 and e2 proteins we ... | 1996 | 8987625 |
| partial sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex. | a 4062-nucleotide (nt) fragment of the mitochondrial genome of the crustacean daphnia pulex was sequenced and found to contain the complete genes for eight trnas and five proteins (atp6, atp8, coii, coiii, nd3) and the partial sequence of coi. in combination with data described previously, approximately 50% of the d. pulex mitochondrial genome has been sequenced. the gene order in this half of the genome is identical to that of drosophila yakuba which differs from that of the other completely se ... | 1997 | 9000380 |
| conformational changes associated with activation of bee venom phospholipase a2. | bee venom pla2 possesses a binding site for long-chain fatty acids that can be acylated by long-chain fatty acid imidazolides [drainas, d. and lawrence, a.j. (1978) eur. j. biochem. 91, 131-138]. occupation of the site either by oleic acid or the oleoyl residue enhances the catalytic activity by 45.7-fold in the presence of 20% 1-propanol and occupation of the site by the oleoyl residue increases the lytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes by 60-fold. treatment of the enzyme with oleic acid a ... | 1996 | 9010774 |
| expression in insect cells and purification of a catalytically active recombinant human gastric lipase. | human gastric lipase (hgl) cdna was synthesized by rt-pcr amplification and cloned into the pvl 1392 baculovirus transfer vector. the recombinant transfer vector was cotransfected with a modified baculovirus dna (baculogold) which contains a lethal deletion. cotransfection of baculovirus dna with the recombinant transfer vector rescues the lethal deletion of this virus dna and reconstitutes viable virus particles inside the transfected insect cells. bti-tn-5b1-4 insect cells (also called high fi ... | 1996 | 9010937 |
| [experiences in the changes of biotechnology in veterinary practice]. | the transmission of old methods and the transformation of new knowledge in to animal breeding practice has an cultural tradition lasting millenniums. each epoch had its own strategy of solving problems because progress is independent of religions and ideologies, and therefore, it can not be hindered. in the past different biotechnologies have increased progress in animal breeding exponentially, and it can be supposed that the course of the exponential curve will not change in the foreseeable fut ... | 1996 | 9011498 |
| ige antibodies to hymenoptera venoms in the serum are common in the general population and are related to indications of atopy. | determination of hymenoptera venom (hv)-specific serum ige antibodies is a useful diagnostic method in patients with systemic anaphylactic reaction (sar) to hymenoptera stings. in a general population cohort, we determined the prevalence of sar and hv-specific ige antibodies and assessed parameters associated with the latter. a total of 277 voluntarily participating inhabitants of rural bavaria (germany) (232 adults, mean age 38.0 years; 45 children, mean age 8.4 years) were investigated for a h ... | 1996 | 8837658 |
| light-microscopic studies of 3t3 cell plasma membrane alterations mediated by melittin. | various light microscopic techniques were used to study the effect of melittin, a major toxic constituent of honey bee venom, on plasma membranes of 3t3 mouse fibroblasts. bright-field light microscopy and trypan blue dye exclusion were used to demonstrate changes in membrane permeability after exposure to melittin. differential interference contrast (dic) microscopy showed that membrane vesiculation induced by melittin was dose dependent. using both fluorescent lipid and glycoprotein markers, w ... | 1997 | 9028005 |
| influence of bee venom immunotherapy on degranulation and leukotriene generation in human blood basophils. | rapid clinical tolerance can be induced over several hours by very fast bee venom immunotherapy (vit) protocols. | 1996 | 8911695 |
| neutron diffraction studies of amphipathic helices in phospholipid bilayers. | the structural feature which is thought to facilitate the interaction of many peptides with phospholipid bilayers is the ability to fold into an amphipathic helix. in most cases the exact location and orientation of this helix with respect to the membrane is not known, and may vary with factors such as ph and phospholipid content of the bilayer. the growing interest in this area is stimulated by indications that similar interactions can contribute to the binding of certain hormones to their cell ... | 1996 | 9031512 |
| the protective effect of aqueous propolis extract on isolated rat hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride toxicity. | the protective effect of honeybee aqueous propolis extract (ape) against the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride was investigated using isolated liver-cell suspensions as the experimental model. various concentrations of the extract were preincubated with the hepatocyte suspensions for 30 min before being subjected to the hepatotoxin for a further 30 min. the hepatocyte toxicity was assessed using three parameters, namely, the release of lactate dehydrogenase, the formation of lipid peroxides ... | 1996 | 9034757 |
| cooperative alpha-helix formation of beta-lactoglobulin and melittin induced by hexafluoroisopropanol. | alcohols denature the native state of proteins, and also stabilize the alpha-helical conformation in unfolded proteins and peptides. among various alcohols, trifluoroethanol (tfe) and hexafluoroisopropanol (hfip) are often used because of their high potential to induce such effects. however, the reason why tfe and hfip are more effective than other alcohols is unknown. using cd, we studied the effects of tfe and hfip as well as reference alcohols, i.e., methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, on the ... | 1997 | 9041644 |
| biologic allergen assay for in vivo test allergens with an in vitro model of the murine type i reaction. | the determination of the biologic activity of allergenic extracts in human beings is limited for ethical and practical reasons. the establishment of a simplified in vitro model, which mimics a main event of the type i reaction, should provide true benefit for manufactures, researchers, and clinicians. | 1997 | 9042050 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of rat sperm surface antigen 2b1, a glycoprotein implicated in sperm-zona binding. | the rat sperm surface antigen, 2b1, that has been proposed to play a key role in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida, has been cloned and its entire cdna sequenced. northern blot analysis indicates that 2b1 is encoded by a 2.2-kb rna transcript that is abundantly expressed in the testis. the deduced protein sequence contains 512 amino-acid residues with a strong candidate signal sequence and c-terminal transmembrane domain. data base searches reveal a high degree of sequence similarity to guine ... | 1996 | 8914077 |
| the intensity of t cell receptor engagement determines the cytokine pattern of human allergen-specific t helper cells. | enhanced production of t helper (th)2 cytokines by allergen-specific th cells plays a major role in the induction and maintenance of ige-mediated allergic disorders. the mechanism that triggers this type of response in atopic individuals is not fully understood. allergen-specific human th cell clones produce interleukin (il)-4 and low or undetectable levels of interferon (ifn)-gamma after stimulation with low concentrations of antigen. however, these th cell clones are capable of generating sign ... | 1997 | 9045925 |
| stimulatory effect of fatty acid treatment on glucose utilization in human erythrocytes. | we previously reported that treatment of human erythrocytes with bee venom phospholipase a2 increased the rate of lactate production from glucose. this increase was suggested to be mediated through liberation of free fatty acids from membrane phospholipids. so, in the present study we examined the mechanism of stimulation of glycolysis by fatty acids. treatment of intact erythrocytes with most of the 15 fatty acids tested resulted in stimulation of lactate production from glucose. among the fatt ... | 1997 | 9042369 |
| oxygen consumption in the foraging honeybee depends on the reward rate at the food source. | oxygen consumption of the honeybee apis mellifera ligustica was measured as a function of the flow rate supply of sucrose solution at an automatic feeder located inside a respirometric chamber. trained bees freely entered the respirometric chamber and collected the sucrose solution supplied. the mean value of the o2 consumption rate per visit increased with the sucrose flow rate, and for a given flow rate, with increasing locomotor activity. however, when no locomotor activity was displayed, o2 ... | 1997 | 9051905 |
| localization of structural elements of bee venom phospholipase a2 involved in n-type receptor binding and neurotoxicity. | we have shown previously that neurotoxic venom secretory phospholipases a2 (spla2s) have specific receptors in brain membranes called n-type receptors that are likely to play a role in the molecular events leading to neurotoxicity of these proteins. the spla2 found in honey bee venom is neurotoxic and binds to this receptor with high affinity. in this paper, we have used a number of mutants of bee venom spla2 produced in escherichia coli to determine the structural elements of this protein that ... | 1997 | 9054413 |
| induction and differential regulation of bee venom phospholipase a2-specific human ige and igg4 antibodies in vitro requires allergen-specific and nonspecific activation of t and b cells. | investigations on the mechanisms of ige regulation in vitro have been conducted thus far in systems that allow the synthesis of total rather than specific ige. to study the regulatory prerequisites of antigen-specific ige antibody production, we have established a culture system that allows the generation of bee venom phospholipase a2-specific ige and igg4 antibodies. allergen-specific ige was induced by simultaneously activating t cells and b cells specifically with allergen and polyclonally wi ... | 1997 | 9058690 |
| deletion of a single amino acid changes the folding of an apamin hybrid sequence peptide to that of endothelin. | the solution conformations of a hybrid sequence peptide related to the bee venom peptide apamin have been determined using two-dimensional 1h-nmr. apamin is an 18 amino acid peptide containing a c-terminal helix that is stabilized by two disulfide bonds. the deletion of one residue (k4) of the n-terminal "scaffold" region of the apamin sequence results in a helical peptide, but with a change in the pairing of cysteines to form the disulfide cross links. the new disulfide arrangement is analogous ... | 1997 | 9080780 |
| an efficient process for production of n-acetylneuraminic acid using n-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase. | n-acetyl-d-neuraminic acid (neu5ac) aldolase (ec 4.1.3.3) has bee reported for synthesis of neu5ac,1-5 but there are no reports of processes which do not have significant drawbacks for large-scale operation. here, neu5ac aldolase from an overexpressing recombinant strain of escherichia coli has been used to develop an immobilized enzyme process for production of neu5ac. the enzyme was immobilized onto eupergit-c and could be reused many times in the reaction. base-catalyzed epimerization of n-ac ... | 1997 | 9084208 |
| synergism between mellitin and phospholipase a2 from bee venom: apparent activation by intervesicle exchange of phospholipids. | mellitin, a cationic amphiphilic peptide, has an apparent activating effect on interfacial catalysis by phospholipase a2 (pla2) of bee venom on zwitterionic vesicles of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-sn-3-phosphocholine (popc) and on anionic vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoylglycero-sn-3-phosphomethanol (dmpm), as well as on covesicles of popc/dmpm (3:7). on the other hand, mellitin-induced increase in the rate of pig pancreatic pla2 is seen only on anionic vesicles. interfacial kinetic protocols and spec ... | 1997 | 9092818 |
| allergen dose dependent cytokine production regulates specific ige and igg antibody production. | the elicitation of a specific immune response against allergens depends on the recognition of antigenic determinants (epitopes) by specific t and b lymphocytes. in order to determine the relevant epitopes for human t and b cells and their features in the regulation and production of specific ige and/or igg antibodies, we have investigated the immune response to bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) in allergic and non-allergic subjects. this enzyme represents the major allergen in bee sting allergy. ... | 1996 | 9095257 |
| bee and wasp venom allergy in turkey. | beekeeping has progressed recently to where bee sting exposure is an important public health problem in turkey. | 1997 | 9109709 |
| morelloflavone, a novel biflavonoid inhibitor of human secretory phospholipase a2 with anti-inflammatory activity. | the flavanonylflavone morelloflavone inhibited secretory phospholipase a2 (pla2) in vitro, with a high potency on the human recombinant synovial and bee venom enzymes (ic50 = 0.9 and 0.6 microm, respectively). the inhibition was apparently irreversible. in contrast, the compound was inactive on cytosolic pla2 activity from human monocytes. morelloflavone scavenged reactive oxygen species generated by human neutrophils (ic50 = 2.7 and 1.8 microm for luminol and lucigenin, respectively) but did no ... | 1997 | 9113093 |
| mechanism of inhibition of e1-e2 atpases by melittin. | the inhibition of na,k-atpase from duck salt gland and ca-atpase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by melittin, a 26-residue peptide from bee venom, was studied. melittin irreversibly inhibits both enzymes. at melittin/atpase molar ratio (30-50):1, the time dependence of the inhibition is described by the sum of two exponential curves. at ph 7.0, the fast phase of the inhibition provides for about 50% of total loss of activity with pseudo-first order rate constants of 1.52 +/- 0 ... | 1997 | 9113730 |
| the mechanism of inhibition of ryanodine receptor channels by imperatoxin i, a heterodimeric protein from the scorpion pandinus imperator. | we present an in-depth analysis of the structural and functional properties of imperatoxin i (iptxi), an approximately 15-kda protein from the venom of the scorpion pandinus imperator that inhibits ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor (ryr) activity (valdivia, h. h., kirby, m. s., lederer, w. j., and coronado, r. (1992) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 89, 12185-12189). a cdna library was prepared from the venomous glands of this scorpion and used to clone the gene encoding iptxi. from a single ... | 1997 | 9115249 |
| caffeic acid phenethyl ester stimulates human antioxidant response element-mediated expression of the nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase (nqo1) gene. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) is a phenolic antioxidant derived from the propolis of honeybee hives. cape was shown to inhibit the formation of intracellular hydrogen peroxide and oxidized bases in dna of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-treated hela cells and was also found to induce a redox change that correlated with differential growth effects in transformed cells but not the nontumorigenic parental ones. mediated via the electrophile or human antioxidant response element (ha ... | 1997 | 9012471 |
| [the antimutagenic action of apiculture products]. | using the battery of test-systems, we studied the possible antimutagenic activity of some products of apiculture. it is established that apilak-preparation made on the basis of queen bee milk didn't show gene-protective abilities in ames test. the rest products of apiculture: propolis, beebread, honey preparations n1 and n2, and queen bee milk manifested to some degree their ability to decrease the mutagenic effects of some chemical and physical mutagens. the toxic effect of propolis upon yeast ... | 1996 | 9139438 |
| the natural history of apis-specific igg and igg4 in beekeepers. | most published studies on changes of specific igg or its subclasses as a response to stimuli by allergens have been performed on patients under immunotherapy. there are few reports analysing the response to immunoglobulins in patients exposed to allergens in their natural habitats. | 1997 | 9146935 |
| genetic differentiation of continental and island populations of bombus terrestris (hymenoptera: apidae) in europe. | ten microsatellite loci and a partial sequence of the coii mitochondrial gene were used to investigate genetic differentiation in b. terrestris, a bumble bee of interest for its high-value crop pollination. the analysis included eight populations from the european continent, five from mediterranean islands (six subspecies altogether) and one from tenerife (initially described as a colour form of b. terrestris but recently considered as a separate species, b. canariensis). eight of the 10 microsa ... | 1996 | 9147693 |
| model peptide studies demonstrate that amphipathic secondary structures can be recognized by the chaperonin groel (cpn60). | the molecular chaperone cpn60 binds many unfolded proteins and facilitates their proper folding. synthetic peptides have been used to probe the question of how cpn60 might recognize such a diverse set of unfolded proteins. three hybrid peptides were synthesized encompassing portions of the bee venom peptide, apamin, and the sequence kwlaesvragk from an amphipathic helix in the nh2-terminal region of bovine rhodanese. two disulfides connecting cysteine residues hold the peptides in stable helical ... | 1997 | 9030576 |
| insect 86 kda protein kinase c substrate is a filament interacting protein regulated by ca2+/calmodulin and phosphorylation. | a specific substrate for protein kinase c (pkc) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from neuronal tissue of the honeybee apis mellifera. the phosphoprotein shows an apparent molecular mass of 86 kda, generates multiple spots around the ph of 4.6 upon isoelectric focussing and shows phosphopeptide patterns after limited proteolysis that are nearly identical to those of myristoylated alanine-rich c kinase substrate (marcks) purified from bovine brain. investigations of the functional propert ... | 1997 | 9200495 |
| fetal peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to mitogenic and allergenic stimuli during gestation. | blood samples were obtained from fetuses and premature babies (n = 51) (15-34 weeks gestation) to determine at what stage the fetal immune system was able to produce a positive proliferative response to common allergens. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated with the mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (pha), and the allergens, house dust mite, cat fur, birch tree pollen, beta-lactoglobulin, ovalbumin and bee venom (mellitin). results were expressed as ratios of stimulated to unstim ... | 1996 | 9116874 |
| novel antibacterial peptides isolated from a european bumblebee, bombus pascuorum (hymenoptera, apoidea). | we present here the isolation and characterization of four antimicrobial peptides produced by a european bumblebee bombus pascuorum. a 51-residue insect defensin was characterized which, like the apis mellifera defensins, had a highly conserved 12-residue extension to its c-terminal compared to defensins from other insects. monoisotopic mass analysis of the c-terminal of b. pascuorum defensin confirmed that this molecule was c-terminally amidated. this defensin showed strong anti-gram-positive a ... | 1997 | 9219367 |
| immunogenicity of dinitrocarboxyphenylated melittin: the influence of c-terminal chain shortening, n-terminal substitution and prolin insertion at positions 5 and 10. | peptides derived from the bee-venom melittin were fitted with the haptenic group dinitrocarboxyphenyl (dncp) and tested in out-bred guinea pigs for immunogenicity by measuring the igg anti-dncp antibody response by elisa. dncp-conjugates comprising virtually the entire melittin proved to be strong immunogens producing antibody responses comparable to those of proteins. weak responses were obtained with considerably shortened sequences. conjugates with n-terminal dncp gave markedly reduced antibo ... | 1995 | 9222991 |
| variabilin: a dual inhibitor of human secretory and cytosolic phospholipase a2 with anti-inflammatory activity. | the marine product variabilin was identified as a novel inhibitor of phospholipase a2 (pla2), which exhibited ic50 values of 6.9 microm and 7.9 microm for human synovial secretory pla2 and u937 cells cytosolic pla2 activities, respectively. this compound was less potent on bee venom or zymosan-injected rat air pouch enzymes and failed to affect naja naja venom pla2. the production of leukotriene b4 by human neutrophils stimulated with calcium ionophore a23187 was also inhibited by variabilin, wh ... | 1997 | 9223548 |
| cross talk between substance p and melittin-activated cellular signaling pathways in rat lactotroph-enriched cell cultures. | we have investigated the possible interaction (cross talk) between the phospholipase a2 (pla2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate/protein kinase c (pkc) signaling pathways in rat lactotroph-enriched cell cultures. melittin, a bee venom peptide, stimulated release of [3h]arachidonic acid ([3h]aa) from [3h]aa-labeled enriched lactotrophs in a dose-dependent manner. moreover, melittin and exogenous aa induced a redistribution of pkc catalytic activity and pkc alpha and beta immunoreactivity from the ... | 1997 | 9231737 |
| the antimicrobial agent melittin exhibits powerful in vitro inhibitory effects on the lyme disease spirochete. | borrelia burgdorferi has demonstrated a capacity to resist the in vitro effects of powerful eukaryotic and prokaryotic metabolic inhibitors. however, treatment of laboratory cultures on barbour-stoenner-kelly medium with melittin, a 26-amino acid peptide contained in honeybee venom, showed immediate and profound inhibitory effects when they were monitored by dark-field microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and optical density measurements. furthermore, at melittin concentratio ... | 1997 | 9233664 |
| minimal oxidation and storage of low density lipoproteins result in an increased susceptibility to phospholipid hydrolysis by phospholipase a2. | in vitro-studies have shown that phospholipid hydrolysis of low density lipoproteins (ldl) by bee venom or porcine pancreatic phospholipase a2 (pla2) leads to an increased uptake of these lipoproteins by macrophages transforming them into foam cells. recently, a secretory phospholipase a2, group ii, was detected in human atherosclerotic plaques. in order to investigate the role of this enzyme in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, a structurally identical human secretory pla2 was purified from ... | 1997 | 9242962 |
| selective lysis of bacteria but not mammalian cells by diastereomers of melittin: structure-function study. | studies on lipid-peptide interactions of cytolytic polypeptides tend to emphasize the importance of the amphipathic alpha-helical structure for their cytolytic activity. in this study, diasetereomers of the bee venom melittin (26 a.a.), a non-cell-selective cytolysin, were synthesized and investigated for their structure and cytolytic activity toward bacteria and mammalian cells. similarly to the findings with the diastereomers of the less cytolytic peptide pardaxin (33 a.a.) (shai & oren. 1996) ... | 1997 | 9048567 |
| non-hodgkin's lymphoma in hiv-positive and hiv-negative homosexual men in the san francisco bay area: allergies, prior medication use, and sexual practices. | lifestyle, sexual history, and medical history characteristics were analyzed as risk factors for non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl) in a population-based case-control study of 1593 subjects with nhl and 2515 control subjects conducted in the san francisco bay area between 1988 and 1995. the results for homosexual men, 312 with nhl and 420 control subjects, showed that hiv infection was associated with a 20-fold increased risk for nhl. among hiv-positive homosexual men, after adjustment for other facto ... | 1997 | 9257656 |
| sensitivity to bee and wasp venoms: association with specific ige responses to the bee and wasp venom and hla drb1 and dpb1. | stings from bees and wasps can cause systemic reactions which can be fatal in some individuals. in these venom-sensitive patients, specific ige to the venom is produced and is considered to participate in the adverse reactions. this immune response requires antigen presentation by human leucocyte antigens (hla) class ii molecules, which includes dr and dp, which are present on antigen presenting cells. | 1997 | 9179434 |
| antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of crabrolin, a 13-residue peptide from the venom of the european hornet, vespa crabro, and its analogs. | the venom of insects like bee, hornet and wasp contain peptides that exhibit potent biological activities. many of these peptides are composed of 13-26 residues and are thus accessible through chemical synthesis as well as amenable to studies directed toward structure-function correlations. in this report, we describe antibacterial and hemolytic activities of crabrolin: flplilrkivtal-nh2, a 13-residue-peptide present in the venom of the hornet vespa crabro and related peptides. the analogs were ... | 1997 | 9273892 |
| juvenile hormone in adult eusocial hymenoptera: gonadotropin and behavioral pacemaker. | studies on the role of juvenile hormone (jh) in adult social hymenoptera have focused on the regulation of two fundamental aspects of colony organization: reproductive division of labor between queens and workers and age-related division of labor among workers. jh acts as a gonadotropin in the primitively eusocial wasp and bumble bee species studied, and may also play this role in the advanced eusocial fire ants. however, there is no evidence that jh acts as a traditional gonadotropin in the adv ... | 1997 | 9210289 |
| spiroplasmas: infectious agents of plants, arthropods and vertebrates. | the spiroplasmas are mollicutes characterized by motility and helical morphology. they were discovered through studies on corn stunt and citrus stubborn diseases. the stubborn agent was the first mollicute of plant origin to be obtained in culture and the first cultured mollicute to possess a helical morphology. the citrus pathogen has been known as spiroplasma citri since 1973. the corn stunt agent was cultured in 1975 and fully characterized as spiroplasma kunkelii by 1986. the third and only ... | 1997 | 9286068 |
| acetylcholine exocytosis in pc12 cells deficient in snap-25. | stimulus-induced acetylcholine (ach) exocytosis from presynaptic nerve terminals involves two important steps: fusion of ach loaded vesicles at presynaptic release sites, followed by release into the synaptic cleft. we studied the role of the putative vesicle fusion protein snap-25 in this process. the nerve growth factor-differentiated pc12 cell line was used as an experimental model. a bee venom tetradecapeptide (inlkalaalakkil-nh2) phospholipase a2 (pla2) activator, mastoparan, was used to in ... | 1997 | 9243624 |
| [problems with nosematosis in reproduction apiaries]. | nosemosis is on the list b of international animal disease office. nosema apis was found in poznań voivodship apiaries. the level of invasion of this parasite was 0-40% of investigated colonies in particular apiaries. according to the polish programme only 20% of colonies can be n. apis positive in a honeybee breeding apiary. it is suggested that the minimum should be 30% in a reproduction apiary. such a level could be found in former czechoslovakia in a honeybee breeding apiary (30-50%). in the ... | 1997 | 9289929 |
| lipid composition and phospholipid asymmetry of membranes from a schwann cell line. | we report the total lipid composition and phospholipid asymmetry of a plasma membrane preparation isolated from a schwann cell line (nf1t) derived from a human neurofibroma. the specific activities of three plasma membrane markers (5'-nucleotidase, na-k-atpase, and cnpase) were 8-fold, 12-fold, and 16-fold higher, respectively, in the plasma membrane fraction compared to the specific activities found in the total homogenate. the specific activities of the marker enzymes of intracellular membrane ... | 1997 | 9260748 |
| melittin binds to secretory phospholipase a2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. | synthetic melittin inhibited the enzymatic activity of secretory phospholipase a2 (pla2) from various sources, including bee and snake venoms, bovine pancreas, and synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients, irrespective of substrate (e.g., [14c]-phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles and [3h]-oleic acid-labeled e.coli). a lineweaver-burk analysis showed that melittin was a noncompetitive inhibitor of bee venom pla2, causing a change in vmax from 200 to 50 units/min/mg o ... | 1997 | 9299527 |
| suppression of hiv-1 replication by propolis and its immunoregulatory effect. | in the current study we show that propolis, a non-toxic natural bee-hive product, suppresses hiv-1 replication and modulates in vitro immune responses. cem cells were treated with propolis at nontoxic concentrations prior to or following infection with hiv-1. propolis abolished syncytium formation at 4.5 micrograms/ml and inhibited it at lower doses in a concentration-dependent manner. propolis decreased p24 antigen production by as much as 90-100% in a concentration-dependent manner. furthermor ... | 1997 | 9309384 |
| insect navigation en route to the goal: multiple strategies for the use of landmarks | there are at least four distinct ways in which familiar landmarks aid an insect on its trips between nest and foraging site. recognising scenes: when bees are displaced unexpectedly from their hive to one of several familiar locations, they are able to head in the direction of home as though they had previously linked an appropriate directional vector to a view of the scene at the release site. biased detours: ants recognise familiar landmarks en route and will correct their path by steering con ... | 1996 | 9317693 |
| correlation of sound generation and metabolic heat flux in the bumblebee bombus lapidarius | flying insects produce extreme amounts of heat as a by-product during the contractions of their thoracic flight muscles (heinrich, 1989). before flight, metabolic heat may serve to warm up the thoracic muscles until the minimum lift-off temperature is reached (heinrich, 1974b; stone and willmer, 1989; esch and goller, 1991). social bees and wasps are also able to use the heat produced in their flight muscles for brood incubation and for active regulation of nest temperatures (heinrich, 1974a; se ... | 1994 | 9317879 |
| bee health and international trade. | the international trade in bee products is a complex issue as a result of the diverse uses of these products. this is especially true with regard to honey. in most cases, honey is imported for human consumption: the high purchase and shipping costs preclude the use of honey as feed for bees. for these reasons, the risk of transmitting disease through honey is minimal. however, this risk should not be ignored, especially in those countries where american foulbrood is not known to occur. the impor ... | 1997 | 9329115 |
| [myocardial infarction following a bee sting. apropos of a case and review of the literature]. | the authors report a case of limited inferior myocardial infarction in a young man following a bee sting. coronary angiography, performed following the acute phase, showed angiographically healthy coronary arteries and minimal sequelae of myocardial necrosis in the inferior territory. the pathogenic role of the bee sting in myocardial necrosis was suggested by the timing of the events. the probable mechanism responsible for this myocardial infarction was severe coronary arterial spasm (partly me ... | 1997 | 9295891 |
| disposition of ampicillin in honeybees and hives. | disposition profile of ampicillin (abpc) among honeybees, larvae, honey and royal jelly in a hive after oral dosing to adult bees was studied. four honeybee colonies were administered the single dose of abpc at the rate of 30 mg/hive by addition to sugar syrup or pollen substitute (paste) for 1 day intake. the colonies received abpc in syrup showed high drug residue levels in honey and it lasted over 14 days beyond the detection limit of residual analysis. in the hives given abpc in paste, relat ... | 1997 | 9342699 |
| three opsin-encoding cdnas from the compound eye of manduca sexta. | three distinct opsin-encoding cdnas, designated manop1, manop2 and manop3, were isolated from the retina of the sphingid moth manduca sexta. manop1 codes for a protein with 377 amino acid residues. it is similar in sequence to members of a phylogenetic group of long-wavelength-sensitive arthropod photopigments, most closely resembling the opsins of ants, a praying mantis, a locust and the honeybee. manop2 and manop3 opsins have 377 and 384 residues respectively. they belong to a related group of ... | 1997 | 9343857 |
| bicuculline methiodide potentiates nmda-dependent burst firing in rat dopamine neurons by blocking apamin-sensitive ca2+-activated k+ currents. | apamin, a bee venom toxin which blocks a ca2+-dependent k+ current, potentiates n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda)-induced burst firing in dopamine neurons. we now report that burst firing is also potentiated by an apamin-like effect of bicuculline methiodide (bmi) at the same concentration (30 microm) which blocks gaba(a) receptors in vitro. using microelectrodes to record intracellularly from rat dopamine neurons in the midbrain slice, bmi reduced the apamin-sensitive afterhyperpolarization in all ce ... | 1997 | 9280156 |
| sporicidal activities of disinfectants on paenibacillus larvae. | sporicidal activities of glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, povidone iodine, ethylene oxide gas, chlorhexidine gluconate, and didecyl dimethylammonium chloride on wet and dry spores of paenibacillus larvae (basonym: bacillus larvae) were evaluated for control of honeybee american foulbrood. glutaraldehyde was found to have a strong and rapid effect on both the wet and the dry spores among the disinfectants tested. | 1997 | 9362051 |