| control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops (copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. | we describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in 6 communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of haiphong, hung yen, and nam dinh in vietnam. the communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. these were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local mesocyclops, mainly m. woutersi van der velde, m. as ... | 2002 | 12135266 |
| comparison of penaeid shrimp and insect parvoviruses suggests that viral transfers may occur between two distantly related arthropod groups. | the dna and putative amino acid sequences of representative insect and shrimp parvoviruses (subfamily densovirinae) were analyzed using computer programs. shrimp viruses included hepatopancreatic parvovirus (hpv) of penaeus monodon (hpvmon) and p. chinensis (hpvchin), spawner-isolated mortality virus from p. monodon (smvmon) and infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihhnv) from p. vannamei. insect viruses included aedes aegypti densovirus (aaednv), aedes albopictus densovirus ( ... | 2002 | 12135792 |
| experimental vertical transmission of west nile virus by culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | despite the detection of west nile (wn) virus in overwintering culex pipiens l. in new york in february 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. after a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. to investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during i ... | 2002 | 12144296 |
| inhibition of viral gene expression and replication in mosquito cells by dsrna-triggered rna interference. | mosquitoes transmit numerous viral pathogens to humans including dengue virus which affects approximately 50 million individuals per year. inhibition of viral gene expression within an insect host could be used to block virus replication and subsequent transmission of the pathogen to humans. a naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded rna (dsrna), rna interference (rnai), has recently been described in a number of species including drosophila. to ascertain if dsrn ... | 2002 | 12161191 |
| alphavirus minus-strand rna synthesis: identification of a role for arg183 of the nsp4 polymerase. | a partially conserved region spanning amino acids 142 to 191 of the sindbis virus (sin) nsp4 core polymerase is implicated in host restriction, elongation, and promoter recognition. we extended the analysis of this region by substituting ser, ala, or lys for a highly conserved arg183 residue immediately preceding its absolutely conserved ser184-ala-val-pro-ser188 sequence. in chicken cells, the nsp4 arg183 mutants had a nonconditionally lethal, temperature-sensitive (ts) growth phenotype caused ... | 2002 | 12163582 |
| modification of asn374 of nsp1 suppresses a sindbis virus nsp4 minus-strand polymerase mutant. | our recent study (c. l. fata, s. g. sawicki, and d. l. sawicki, j. virol. 76:8632-8640, 2002) found minus-strand synthesis to be temperature sensitive in vertebrate and invertebrate cells when the arg183 residue of the sindbis virus nsp4 polymerase was changed to ser, ala, or lys. here we report the results of studies identifying an interacting partner of the region of the viral polymerase containing arg183 that suppresses the ser183 codon mutation. large-plaque revertants were observed readily ... | 2002 | 12163583 |
| [aedes albopictus (s) in the region of são josé do rio preto, sp, brazil: a study of its infestation in an area where aedes aegypti was already established and a discussion of its role as a possible vector of dengue and yellow fever]. | the objectives of this survey were to study the evolution of aedes albopictus infestation in são josé do rio preto region, sp, an area already occupied by aedes aegypti and also to discuss its role in transmitting diseases. analyzing data from urban mosquito larval density surveys of the region's municipalities, year and site of the occurrence, composition and location of larval samples, breeding containers and breteau indices were studied. by may 2001, the vector was found in 96 of 100 municipa ... | 2002 | 12170331 |
| vertical transmission of dengue-2 virus through aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | | 2001 | 12206042 |
| cultured aedes albopictus mosquito cells accumulate elongation factor-1 alpha (ef-1 alpha) during serum starvation. | we examined survival, growth and protein synthesis in mosquito cells that had been maintained for up to 21 days in serum-free medium. on polyacrylamide gels, protein bands from "starved" cells remained discrete, and despite low levels of incorporation, radiolabeled bands were detectable, suggesting that low levels of protein synthesis were sustained. a prominent band that accumulated in serum-starved cells was digested with trypsin and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry, which identified the p ... | 2002 | 12213242 |
| isolation of dengue virus serotype 1 from the blood of a swiss traveler prior to seroconversion. | dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from the blood of a patient who had returned to switzerland from brazil with fever of unknown origin. after 2 days of culture on aedes albopictus (c6/36) cell line, the dengue virus was identified as serotype 1 using a type-specific indirect immunofluorescence assay. the diagnosis was confirmed by seroconversion of anti-dengue virus-specific igm and igg antibodies and by amplification of a serotype 1-specific region of the dengue virus genome. this is the fir ... | 2002 | 12236569 |
| a laboratory and field evaluation of macrocyclops distinctus, megacyclops viridis and mesocyclops pehpeiensis as control agents of the dengue vector aedes albopictus in a peridomestic area in nagasaki, japan. | the use of the cyclopoid copepods macrocyclops distinctus (richard) megacyclops viridis (jurine) and mesocyclops pehpeiensis hu (cyclopoida: cyclopidae) as biological control agents against the dengue vector aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) was evaluated. in the laboratory their predatory ability was highest against the younger instars of ae. albopictus and none of the three copepods killed the fourth instar. except for m. viridis, predatory ability was affected by the size of the c ... | 2002 | 12243229 |
| temporal abundance, parity, survival rates, and arbovirus isolation of field-collected container-inhabiting mosquitoes in eastern tennessee. | surveillance of container-inhabiting mosquitoes was conducted from june 17 through november 9, 1998, at 2 1997 la crosse virus (lac) human case sites (knox and cocke counties, tennessee). mosquitoes were collected weekly with 2 dry ice-baited centers for disease control miniature light traps, 2 omnidirectional fay traps, and 40 oviposition traps at each site. a total of 8,408 mosquitoes, composed of ochlerotatus triseriatus (n = 2,095) and aedes albopictus (n = 6,313), were reared or collected a ... | 2002 | 12322937 |
| a putative receptor for dengue virus in mosquito tissues: localization of a 45-kda glycoprotein. | dengue virus (denv) infects target cells by attaching to various cell receptors, many of which are still unknown. in c6/36 cells (aedes albopictus cell line), denv-4 bound to two glycoproteins of 40 and 45 kda, located on the cell surface. preincubation of cells with polyclonal antibody against the 45-kda protein specifically blocked denv-4 infection of c6/36 cells. the antibody and purified denv-4 detected the 45-kda molecule in total extracts from eggs, larvae, and pupae as well as from the mi ... | 2002 | 12363068 |
| genetic diversity in brazilian populations of aedes albopictus. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis technique was undertaken in aedes albopictus populations from three states in brazil, rio de janeiro (rj), minas gerais (mg) and pernambuco (pe), to estimate the level of genetic variability and levels of genetic exchange between populations. allele and genotype frequencies were measured on 47 rapd loci. average observed heterozigosity (ho) ranged from 0.282 in mg to 0.355 in casa forte (pe) population. genetic distances estimates indicated that r ... | 2002 | 12386713 |
| growth characteristics of chimerivax-den2 vaccine virus in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. | the chimeric yellow fever (yf) 17d-dengue type 2 (chimerivax-den2) vaccine virus developed by acambis, inc. (cambridge, ma) contains the prm and e genes of wild-type (wt) dengue 2 (den-2) (strain puo-218) virus in the yf vaccine virus (strain 17d) backbone. the potential of chimerivax-den2 virus to infect and be transmitted by aedes aegypti, the principal den and yf virus mosquito vector, and aedes albopictus, a species that occurs in areas of active transmission of yf and den viruses, was evalu ... | 2002 | 12408664 |
| novel mutations that control the sphingolipid and cholesterol dependence of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | the enveloped alphavirus semliki forest virus (sfv) infects cells via a membrane fusion reaction mediated by the e1 membrane protein. efficient sfv-membrane fusion requires the presence of cholesterol and sphingolipid in the target membrane. here we report on two mutants, srf-4 and srf-5, selected for growth in cholesterol-depleted cells. like the previously isolated srf-3 mutant (e1 proline 226 to serine), the phenotypes of the srf-4 and srf-5 mutants were conferred by single-amino-acid changes ... | 2002 | 12438597 |
| rna silencing of dengue virus type 2 replication in transformed c6/36 mosquito cells transcribing an inverted-repeat rna derived from the virus genome. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) initiates cellular posttranscriptional responses that are collectively called rna silencing in a number of different organisms, including plants, nematodes, and fruit flies. in plants, rna silencing has been associated with protection from virus infection. in this study, we demonstrate that dsrna-mediated interference also can act as a viral defense mechanism in mosquito cells. c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells were stably transformed with a plasmid designed to transcrib ... | 2002 | 12438618 |
| west nile virus epidemic in horses, tuscany region, italy. | during the late summer of 1998, veterinary authorities in tuscany, italy, received reports of cases of neurologic disease among horses residing in a large wetland area located in the provinces of florence and pistoia. west nile virus was isolated from two of the six horses that died or were euthanized. a retrospective epidemiologic study identified 14 clinical neurologic cases that occurred from august 20 to october 6 (attack rate of 2.8%). a serologic survey conducted over a 700-km2 area in sta ... | 2002 | 12498650 |
| efficacy of killed virus vaccine, live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine, and passive immunization for prevention of west nile virus encephalitis in hamster model. | results of experiments evaluating the efficacy of three immunization strategies for the prevention of west nile virus (wnv) encephalitis are reported. immunization strategies evaluated included a killed virus veterinary vaccine, a live attenuated chimeric virus vaccine candidate, and passive immunization with wnv-immune serum; all were tested by using a hamster model of the disease. each product protected the animals from clinical illness and death when challenged with a hamster-virulent éwild-t ... | 2002 | 12498653 |
| glycosaminoglycan binding properties of natural venezuelan equine encephalitis virus isolates. | equine-virulent, epidemic/epizootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus (veev) arise via mutation of progenitor enzootic strains that replicate poorly in equines. sequencing studies have implicated positively charged amino acids on the surface of the e2 envelope glycoprotein in the acquisition of equine virulence and viremia potential, suggesting that changes in binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (gags) may mediate vee emergence. therefore, we evaluated the binding of n ... | 2003 | 12502837 |
| a live, attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3' untranslated region is highly attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | the delta30 deletion mutation, which was originally created in dengue virus type 4 (den4) by the removal of nucleotides 172 to 143 from the 3' untranslated region (3' utr), was introduced into a homologous region of wild-type (wt) dengue virus type 1 (den1). the resulting virus, rden1delta30, was attenuated in rhesus monkeys to a level similar to that of the rden4delta30 vaccine candidate. rden1delta30 was more attenuated in rhesus monkeys than the previously described vaccine candidate, rden1mu ... | 2003 | 12502885 |
| completion of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal dna subunit of simulium sanctipauli, with descriptions of the 18s, 28s genes and the igs. | we describe the igs-ets, 18s and 28s ribosomal gene sequences of simulium sanctipauli vajime & dunbar, a member of the s. damnosum theobald (diptera: simuliidae) complex of blackflies (diptera: simuliidae). these regions, together with the its-1, its-2 and 5.8s rdna presented elsewhere (accession number u36206), constitute the composite sequence of the entire rdna unit, making s. sanctipauli the second dipteran species of medical importance for which the entire rdna has been sequenced. despite t ... | 2002 | 12510891 |
| [an etiological and serological study on dengue epidemic in guangdong province]. | in 1978-1995, dengue fever epidemics(serotype 1-4) occurred in guangdong province. among 9 species of mosquitoes found in the epidemic areas, the positive rate of virus isolation in aedes albopictus was 20.69%, in aedes aegypti 18.95%, in culex quinquefasciatus 10.29%, dengue viruses were not isolated in other 6 species of mosquitoes. the positive rate of virus isolation in the three species showed no significant differences (chi 2 = 2.77 p > 0.05). aedes aegypti was the main transmitting vector ... | 1998 | 12515199 |
| in vitro cultivation of wolbachia in insect and mammalian cell lines. | wolbachia infecting the small brown planthopper, laodelphax striatellus, were successfully maintained and cultivated in two insect and one mammalian cell lines. the bacteria with the planthopper ovary were introduced into the flasks with the cultures of the cell lines. the wolbachia proliferated in mosquito (aedes albopictus) and lepidopteran (heliothis zea) cell lines and in the mouse cell line, l929. proliferation of wolbachia was confirmed by electron microscopy and quantitative polymerase ch ... | 2002 | 12534342 |
| vector competence of three north american strains of aedes albopictus for west nile virus. | to evaluate the potential for north american (na) aedes albopictus to transmit west nile virus (wn), mosquito strains derived from 3 na sources (frederick county, maryland, fred strain; cheverly, md, chev strain; chambers and liberty counties, texas, tamu strain) were tested. these strains were tested along with a previously tested strain from a hawaiian source (oahu strain). mosquitoes were fed on 2- to 3-day-old chickens previously inoculated with a new york strain (crow 397-99) of wn. all of ... | 2002 | 12542184 |
| characterization of jnk-like protein derived from a mosquito cell line, c6/36. | when western blot analysis of heat-killed bacteria- and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-treated aedes albopictus mosquito cell line c6/36 was performed using antiphospholyrated c-jun amino-terminal kinase (jnk) antibodies, approximately 46 kda protein was clearly detected with a peak around 30 min. after the c6/36 cells were incubated at 45 degrees c in order to induce apoptosis, the 46 kda protein continued to be detected for at least 3 h. the internalization of fluorescein-labelled bacteria was inhib ... | 2003 | 12542636 |
| b cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by west nile encephalitis virus. | west nile virus (wnv) causes severe central nervous system (cns) infection primarily in humans who are immunocompromised or elderly. in this study, we addressed the mechanism by which the immune system limits dissemination of wnv infection by infecting wild-type and immunodeficient inbred c57bl/6j mice with a low-passage wnv isolate from the recent epidemic in new york state. wild-type mice replicated virus extraneuronally in the draining lymph nodes and spleen during the first 4 days of infecti ... | 2003 | 12551996 |
| [changes in element content in aedes albopictus infected by dengue virus type ii]. | to study the changes in the content of elements in aedes albopictus after dengue virus type ii (dv2) infection. | 2002 | 12567999 |
| in vitro culture of glugea sp. | recently the low host specificity of some microsporidians has been demonstrated and it has been indicated that many of these micro-organisms could be transmitted from invertebrates to mammals and adapt to changes in temperature. in this work, we demonstrate the first successful in vitro culture of a fish microsporidia of the genus glugea on larval cells of the mosquito aedes albopictus at 28 degrees c, and we show ultrastructural aspects of the different life cycle stages. it was impossible on s ... | 2003 | 12591194 |
| spatial and temporal variation in the mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) inhabiting waste tires in nicholas county, west virginia. | larvae of 12 mosquito species were collected from abandoned tire piles at peridomestic and forested sites in nicholas county, wv, from march through november of 2001. no larvae were found in march, but the numbers of species increased to 10 by july and remained relatively constant, at 9-11 in any given month, throughout november. larvae of ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), the most commonly encountered species in every month of collection, were significantly more likely to be found in forested tir ... | 2003 | 12597656 |
| epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus in multiple avian species. | we report the development of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the rapid detection of serum antibodies to west nile virus (wnv) in taxonomically diverse north american avian species. a panel of flavivirus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) was tested in blocking assays with serum samples from wnv-infected chickens and crows. selected mabs were further tested against serum samples from birds that represented 16 species and 10 families. serum samples were collecte ... | 2003 | 12624027 |
| diagnosis of dengue virus infection by detection of specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and iga antibodies in serum and saliva. | to evaluate alternative approaches to the serological diagnosis of dengue virus (den) infection, the detection of den-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and iga antibodies in serum and saliva specimens was assessed in 147 patients with symptoms of den infection seen at the ministry of health in nicaragua. seventy-two serum samples were determined to be positive for anti-den antibodies by igm capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the routine diagnostic procedure. serum and saliva specimens were ... | 2003 | 12626461 |
| american genotype structures decrease dengue virus output from human monocytes and dendritic cells. | the dengue virus type 2 structures probably involved in human virulence were previously defined by sequencing the complete genome of both american and southeast (se) asian genotype templates in patient serum (k. c. leitmeyer et al., j. virol. 73:4738-4747, 1999). we have now evaluated the effects of introducing a mutation in the envelope glycoprotein (e) gene and/or replacement of 5'- and 3'-nontranslated regions on dengue virus replication in human primary cell cultures. a series of chimeric in ... | 2003 | 12634353 |
| diverse dengue type 2 virus populations contain recombinant and both parental viruses in a single mosquito host. | envelope (e) protein genes sampled from populations of dengue 2 (den-2) virus in individual aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in serum from dengue patients were copied to cdna, cloned, and sequenced. the nucleotide sequences of the e genes in more than 70% of the clones differed from the consensus sequence for the corresponding virus population at up to 11 sites, and 24 of the 94 clones contained at least one stop codon. virus populations recovered up to 2 years apart yielded clones with similar poly ... | 2003 | 12634407 |
| low oral receptivity for dengue type 2 viruses of aedes albopictus from southeast asia compared with that of aedes aegypti. | dengue hemorrhagic fever has been a major health problem in asia since the 1950s. during this period, the former principal vector of dengue viruses in asia, aedes albopictus, was replaced by aedes aegypti in most major cities of the area. ae. aegypti is now considered the main vector of dengue viruses in asia. surprisingly, however, this mosquito has been described as having a relatively low oral receptivity for dengue viruses compared with ae. albopictus. in the present study, we compared the r ... | 2003 | 12641412 |
| molecular cloning and expression of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene from adult buffalo fly (haematobia irritans exigua): effects of antifolates. | the folate analogues methotrexate, aminopterin and pyrimethamine were toxic when fed in a blood meal to adult buffalo flies (haematobia irritans exigua), but aminopterin caused greater mortality than methotrexate, while trimethoprim was not toxic to adult flies. this is the first recorded instance of mortality in adult insects caused by ingestion of folate analogues. in order to investigate the mechanism of this toxicity, the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene was cloned from adult buffalo fly ... | 2003 | 12653939 |
| life history effects of prey choice by copepods: implications for biocontrol of vector mosquitoes. | macrocyclops distinctus, megacyclops viridis, and mesocyclops pehpeiensis, which are common in rice fields during the summer season in nagasaki, japan, showed variable potentialities as biological control agents of larval aedes albopictus, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and anopheles minimus in the laboratory. macrocyclops distinctus and m. viridis, the largest copepod species, had fewer eggs within an egg clutch in nature than the smallest species, m. pehpeiensis, which also had a lower developmental ... | 2003 | 12674538 |
| detection of lysozyme-like enzymatic activity secreted by an immune-responsive mosquito cell line. | using molecular approaches, we have recently shown that the c7-10 mosquito cell line from aedes albopictus, and the aag-2 line from aedes aegypti, secrete a variety of immune peptides into the culture medium, including cecropins, defensins, transferrin, and lysozyme. the diversity of these peptides makes it difficult to quantify the relative activities of each molecule, because possible synergistic interactions may occur. using a microtiter plate assay with live bacteria, we now show that c7-10 ... | 2003 | 12676552 |
| differential susceptibility of aedes aegypti to infection by the american and southeast asian genotypes of dengue type 2 virus. | outbreaks of dengue hemorrhagic fever have coincided with the introduction of the southeast (se) asian genotype of dengue type 2 virus in the western hemisphere. this introduced genotype appears to be rapidly displacing the indigenous, american genotype of dengue 2 virus throughout the region. these field observations raise the possibility that the se asian genotype of dengue 2 is better adapted for vector transmission than its american counterpart. to evaluate this hypothesis, we compared the a ... | 2001 | 12680353 |
| wolbachia pipientis growth kinetics and susceptibilities to 13 antibiotics determined by immunofluorescence staining and real-time pcr. | wolbachia spp. are strict intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods and filarial nematodes. filarial nematodes are important causes of human diseases. there is increasing evidence that wolbachia spp. influence important functions in the biology of the hosts, specifically, infertility. preliminary experiments with humans and animals have suggested that antibiotics with activity against wolbachia may help to treat filariasis. in this study, we determined using a real-time quant ... | 2003 | 12709338 |
| cytolytic toxin cyt1a and its mechanism of membrane damage: data and hypotheses. | | 2003 | 12732506 |
| first evidence of aedes albopictus (skuse) in southern chiapas, mexico. | | 2003 | 12737750 |
| dispersal of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in an urban endemic dengue area in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | experimental releases of female aedes (stegomyia) aegypti and aedes (stegomyia) albopictus were performed in august and september 1999, in an urban area of nova igua u, state of rio de janeiro, brazil, to estimate their flight range in a circular area of 1,600 m where 1,472 ovitraps were set. releases of 3,055 ae. aegypti and 2,225 ae. albopictus females, fed with rubidium (rb)-marked blood and surgically prevented from subsequent blood-feeding, were separated by 11 days. rb was detected in ovit ... | 2003 | 12764433 |
| comparison of the autogenous potentials of newly-emerged anautogenous female mosquitoes. | the autogenous potentials in several species of newly emerged anautogenous female mosquitoes were examined by homoplastic transplantion of resting stage ovaries into newly-emerged females. ovaries from 4-day-old female culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, with follicles at stage ib, were all activated in the newly emerged hosts and deposited some yolk in the oocyte. in addition, some of the implants (5-10%) matured. transplanted c. tritaeniorhynchus ovaries also started to develop beyond the ib resti ... | 1997 | 12769925 |
| ultraviolet light sensitivity, unscheduled dna synthesis and dna repair in c7-10 aedes albopictus mosquito cells. | we have examined the relative sensitivity of aedes albopictus c7-10 mosquito cells to irradiation with ultraviolet light from a germicidal lamp. on the basis of plating efficiency, c7-10 cells were approximately two times more resistant to uv light than human 293 leukemia cells. recovery after uv irradiation was accompanied by an increase in unscheduled dna synthesis (uds), which was measured by incorporation of (3)h-thymidine into acid-precipitable dna in the presence of hydroxyurea. under stan ... | 2002 | 12770140 |
| development of group- and serotype-specific one-step sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for dengue virus. | a quantitative one-step sybr green i-based reverse transcription (rt)-pcr system was developed for the detection and differentiation of four different dengue virus serotypes in acute-phase serum samples. a set of group- and serotype-specific primer pairs was designed against conserved sequences in the core region and evaluated for clinical diagnosis. a linear relationship was obtained between the amount of input rna and cycle threshold (ct) value over a range of 10 to 10(7) pfu per ml of cell cu ... | 2003 | 12791857 |
| epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of west nile virus antibodies in domestic mammals. | we evaluated the ability of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect west nile virus (wnv) antibodies in domestic mammals. sera were collected from experimentally infected horses, cats, and pigs at regular intervals and screened in elisas and plaque reduction neutralization tests. the diagnostic efficacies of these techniques were similar. | 2003 | 12791902 |
| [survival of aedes albopictus: physiological age and reproductive history]. | to study the longevity of ae. albopictus populations in rural and urban areas in two different feeding conditions and to assess their physiological age and reproductive history. | 2003 | 12792677 |
| aedes albopictus may not be vector of dengue virus in human epidemics in brazil. | over 60,500 dengue cases were reported in the state of espírito santo (es), brazil, between 1995 and 1998. the study's purpose was to identify whether aedes albopictus was transmitting the dengue virus during an epidemic in the locality of vila beth nia (viana county),vitória, es. from april 3 to 9, 1998, blood and serum samples were collected daily for virus isolation and serological testing. four autochthonous cases were confirmed through den 1 virus isolation and two autochthonous cases throu ... | 2003 | 12792692 |
| [occurrence of aedes albopictus in the state of pará, brazil]. | it is first reported the detection of aedes (stg) albopictus mosquitoes in state of par , brazil, in the urban area of medicil ndia, a municipality far 90 km from altamira, where 42 adult mosquitoes were baited using human attraction. all mosquitoes were pooled and inoculated into c6/36 and suckling mice in attempts for virus isolation. no virus was isolated. the occurrence of aedes albopictus in urban areas of the amazon region is of concern since dengue and yellow fever viruses are endemic in ... | 2003 | 12792693 |
| obligatory symbiotic wolbachia endobacteria are absent from loa loa. | background: many filarial nematodes harbour wolbachia endobacteria. these endobacteria are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. in several filarial species that have been studied to date they are obligatory symbionts of their hosts. elimination of the endobacteria by antibiotics interrupts the embryogenesis and hence the production of microfilariae. the medical implication of this being that the use of doxycycline for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and bancroftian filar ... | 2003 | 12801420 |
| flock house virus replicates and expresses green fluorescent protein in mosquitoes. | flock house virus (fhv) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense rna virus of insect origin that belongs to the family nodaviridae. fhv has been shown to overcome the kingdom barrier and to replicate in plants, insects, yeast and mammalian cells. although of insect origin, fhv has not previously been shown to replicate in mosquitoes. we have tested fhv replication in vitro in c6/36 cells (derived from neonatal aedes albopictus) and in vivo in four different genera of mosquitoes, aedes, culex, anophele ... | 2003 | 12810873 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential human disease vectors in the paraíba valley region, state of säo paulo, brazil. | engorged females of aedes albopictus, ochlerotatus scapularis, culex nigripalpus and culex quinquefasciatus were collected by aspiration and sweep net during two years in tremembé county, state of säo paulo, brazil. of the 1,092 specimens analyzed with the precipitin test, 87.6% reacted to one or more of the eight antisera tested. of the four species for which the host determination was made, the reaction in 98.5% was to a single host. the application of the feeding index for four species of mos ... | 2003 | 12831131 |
| [sequences analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene in aedes albopictus from different geographic strains in china]. | to compare the sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (coi) in aedes albopictus from different geographic strains in china and to discuss the differences in susceptibility among different geographic strains to dengue virus (dv). | 2003 | 12848917 |
| deletions in the putative cell receptor-binding domain of sindbis virus strain mre16 e2 glycoprotein reduce midgut infectivity in aedes aegypti. | the sindbis virus (alphavirus; togaviridae) strain mre16 efficiently infects aedes aegypti mosquitoes that ingest a blood meal containing 8 to 9 log(10) pfu of virus/ml. however, a small-plaque variant of this virus, mre16sp, poorly infects mosquitoes after oral infection with an equivalent titer. to determine the genetic differences between mre16 and mre16sp viruses, we have sequenced the mre16sp structural genes and found a 90-nucleotide deletion in the e2 glycoprotein that spans the 3' end of ... | 2003 | 12885905 |
| a study of filaria in taiwan monkeys. | filarial adult were found in the intermuscular connective tissue of the peritracheal and mandibular region of the taiwan monkey(macaca cyclopis). the microfilariae in the peripheral blood demonstrated a marked nocturnal periodicity with a peak between 2100-0100 hours and a low diurnal minimum between 900 and 1300 hours. staining the microfilaria by various stains demonstrated differences in size. no development of microfilariae was detected in the culex fatigans, culex tritaeniohyncus, aedes alb ... | 1964 | 12913612 |
| the histone-like c-terminal extension in ribosomal protein s6 in aedes and anopheles mosquitoes is encoded within the distal portion of exon 3. | in eukaryotic cells, ribosomal protein s6 (rps6) is the major phosphorylated protein on the small ribosomal subunit. in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the cdna encoding rps6 contains 300 additional nucleotides, relative to the drosophila homolog. the additional sequence encodes a 100-amino acid, lysine-rich c-terminal extension of the rps6 protein with 42-49% identity to histone h1 proteins from the chicken and other multicellular organisms. using mass spectrometry we now sho ... | 2003 | 12915181 |
| large genetic differentiation and low variation in vector competence for dengue and yellow fever viruses of aedes albopictus from brazil, the united states, and the cayman islands. | we conducted a population genetic analysis of aedes albopictus collected from 20 sites in brazil, the united states (florida, georgia, and illinois), and the cayman islands. using isoenzyme analysis, we examined genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow. high genetic differentiation was found among brazilian samples, and between them and north american samples. regression analysis of genetic differentiation according to geographic distances indicated that ae. albopictus samples from florida we ... | 2003 | 12932107 |
| growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate chimerivax-west nile (wn) virus in aedes and culex mosquitoes. | in 1999 west nile (wn) virus was introduced to north america where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'chimerivax-west nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against wn infection. this chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prm) and ... | 2003 | 12941006 |
| first report of the oriental mosquito aedes albopictus on the west african island of bioko, equatorial guinea. | the invasive oriental mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) was detected on bioko island for the first time in november 2001. it was found to be well established breeding in artificial containers at planta, near malabo, the capital of equatorial guinea. associated species of mosquito larvae were aedes aegypti (l.), ae. africanus (theobald), culex near decens theobald, cx. duttoni theobald, cx. quinquefasciatus say, cx. tigripes de grandpré & de charmoy, eretmapodites ... | 2003 | 12941021 |
| infection of new- and old-world aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) by the intracellular parasite wolbachia: implications for host mitochondrial dna evolution. | wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria known to infect a wide variety of arthropods. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene was used to assay the infection of geographically disparate populations of aedes albopictus (skuse) by wolbachia. nine north american, four south american, one hawaiian, and four old world populations of a. albopictus were all doubly infected with both the walba and walbb strains of wolbachia. a 365 ... | 2003 | 12943116 |
| insecticide susceptibility tests of anopheles minimus s.l., aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus in northern thailand. | the susceptibility of anopheles minimus s.l., aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus to insecticide in northern thailand was monitored by using the who standard susceptibility test. one- to two-day old female mosquitos, which were reared from wild caught females or immature stages, were exposed to discriminating dosages of insecticides for recommended exposure periods, and the 24-hour mortality recorded. the results revealed that, in general, an. minimus s.l. was still suscept ... | 2003 | 12971519 |
| involvement of the jnk-like protein of the aedes albopictus mosquito cell line, c6/36, in phagocytosis, endocytosis and infection of west nile virus. | we recently cloned a c-jun amino-terminal kinase (jnk) sequence from the c6/36 cell line, derived from the mosquito aedes albopictus. we showed that sp600125, an inhibitor of jnk proteins, inhibits phagocytosis by c6/36 cells, suggesting that the jnk-like protein regulates phagocytosis. here, we show that c6/36 cells constitutively express low levels of mrna encoding the antibacterial peptides, cecropin and defensin, but that these mrnas were up-regulated upon stimulation by lipopolysaccharide ( ... | 2003 | 12974954 |
| interaction of insect trypanosomatids with mosquitoes, sand fly and the respective insect cell lines. | interaction experiments between hematophagous insects and monoxenous trypanosomatids have become relevant, once cases of human infection involving these protozoa have been reported. moreover, investigations related to the interaction of insects with trypanosomatids that harbour an endosymbiotic bacterium and thereby lack the paraflagellar rod structure are important to elucidate the role of this structure in the adhesion process. in this work, we compared the interaction of endosymbiont-bearing ... | 2003 | 13129523 |
| susceptibility of aedes albopictus to dirofilaria repens infection in cats. | | 1961 | 13727536 |
| effect of monensin on mayaro virus replication in monkey kidney and aedes albopictus cells. | the effect of a cationic ionophore, monensin, on the replication of mayaro virus in monkey kidney tc7 and aedes albopictus cells has been studied. treatment of these cells with 1 micromol/l monensin during infection did not affect the virus protein synthesis but inhibited severely the virus replication. electron microscopy of the cells infected with mayaro virus and treated with monensin revealed that the morphogenesis of mayaro virus was impaired in tc7 but not in a. albopictus cells. | 2003 | 14524478 |
| a geospatial study of the potential of two exotic species of mosquitoes to impact the epidemiology of west nile virus in maryland. | we used geospatial techniques to study the potential impact of 2 exotic mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus, on the epidemiology of west nile virus in maryland. these 2 species have established populations in maryland over the past 15 years. larvae of both mosquito species are found in natural and artificial water-holding cavities and containers, particularly water in tires. therefore, we used locations of licensed tire dealers and of tire dumps scheduled for clean ... | 2003 | 14524539 |
| dengue 2 pdk-53 virus as a chimeric carrier for tetravalent dengue vaccine development. | attenuation markers of the candidate dengue 2 (d2) pdk-53 vaccine virus are encoded by mutations that reside outside of the structural gene region of the genome. we engineered nine dengue virus chimeras containing the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of wild-type d1 16007, d3 16562, or d4 1036 virus within the genetic backgrounds of wild-type d2 16681 virus and the two genetic variants (pdk53-e and pdk53-v) of the d2 pdk-53 vaccine virus. expression of the heterologous prm-e genes in the ... | 2003 | 14557629 |
| role of gregarine parasite ascogregarina culicis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in the maintenance of chikungunya virus in vector mosquito. | ascogregarina culicis and ascogregarina taiwanensis are common gregarine parasites of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, respectively. these mosquito species are also known to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. the sporozoites of these parasites invade the midgut epithelial cells and develop intracellularly and extracellularly in the gut to complete their life cycles. the midgut is also the primary site for virus replication in the vector mosquitoes. therefore, studies were car ... | 2003 | 14563178 |
| infection of malaria (anopheles gambiae s.s.) and filariasis (culex quinquefasciatus) vectors with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | current intra-domiciliary vector control depends on the application of residual insecticides and/or repellents. although biological control agents have been developed against aquatic mosquito stages, none are available for adults. following successful use of an entomopathogenic fungus against tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) we investigated the potency of this fungus as a biological control agent for adult malaria and filariasis vector mosquitoes. | 2003 | 14565851 |
| [updating of the distribution of aedes albopictus in brazil (1997-2002)]. | updating regarding the distribution of aedes albopictus in brazil is presented for the period from 1997 to 2002. data from the yellow fever and dengue information system of the national health foundation is utilized. it can be seen that this species is present in 20 of the 27 brazilian states. | 2003 | 14569346 |
| [registration of the occurrence of aedes albopictus in an urban zone in manaus, amazonas, brazil]. | information is available regarding the presence of aedes albopictus in several municipalities of the state of amazonas. specimens of this mosquito species have now, for the first time, been collected from an urban area of the municipality of manaus, amazonas, brazil. | 2003 | 14569347 |
| dc-sign and l-sign can act as attachment receptors for alphaviruses and distinguish between mosquito cell- and mammalian cell-derived viruses. | c-type lectins such as dc-sign and l-sign, which bind mannose-enriched carbohydrate modifications of host and pathogen proteins, have been shown to bind glycoproteins of several viruses and facilitate either cis or trans infection. dc-sign and l-sign are expressed in several early targets of arbovirus infection, including dendritic cells (dcs) and cells of the reticuloendothelial system. in the present study, we show that dc-sign and l-sign can function as attachment receptors for sindbis (sb) v ... | 2003 | 14581539 |
| sindbis virus-associated pathology in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | virus dissemination and associated pathology were examined in aedes albopictus after intrathoracic inoculation of sindbis virus (sin), the prototypic alphavirus. at 10 days postinfection, virus rna was detected in all three-body segments of the insect. colocalization of virus antigen with structural pathology was observed in mosquito salivary glands and midgut-associated visceral muscles, representing yet another example of arbovirus-associated pathology in a mosquito host. sin antigen and gross ... | 2003 | 14596286 |
| characterization of two mosquito stats, aastat and ctstat. differential regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation and dna binding activity by lipopolysaccharide treatment and by japanese encephalitis virus infection. | two mosquito stats, aastat and ctstat, have been cloned from aedes albopictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, respectively. these two stats are more similar to those of drosophila, anopheles, and mammalian stat5 in the dna binding and src homology 2 domains. the mrna transcripts are expressed at all developmental stages, and the proteins are present predominantly at the pupal and adult stages in both mosquitoes. stimulation with lipopolysaccharide resulted in an increase of tyrosine phos ... | 2004 | 14607839 |
| diagnosis of dengue virus infection by the visual and simple aubiodot immunoglobulin m capture system. | the dengue igm capture elisa (mac-elisa) is the immunoenzymatic system recommended by the pan american health organization and the world health organization for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection due to its high sensitivity, ease of performance, and use of a single acute-phase serum sample. however, tests with this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system are time-consuming and require equipment for washing, incubation, and reading of the results. aubiodot is a multistep ... | 2003 | 14607869 |
| [application of one step rt-pcr assay for detection of flavivirus rna in mosquitoes]. | the conditions of one step rt-pcr method for detection of virus rna in field-collected mosquitoes, and preservation period of infected mosquitoes for one step rt-pcr were examined. we compared several virus rna extraction methods with artificially contaminated mosquito pools with dengue virus (dv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and yellow fever virus (yfv) with a known amount of plaque forming unit (pfu) to establish the condition of one step rt-pcr. in this study, most effective rna extrac ... | 2003 | 14608915 |
| deletions in the transmembrane domain of a sindbis virus glycoprotein alter virus infectivity, stability, and host range. | the alphaviruses are composed of two icosahedral protein shells, one nested within the other. a membrane bilayer derived from the host cell is sandwiched between the protein shells. the protein shells are attached to one another by protein domains which extend one of the proteins of the outer shell through the membrane bilayer to attach to the inner shell. we have examined the interaction of the membrane-spanning domain of one of the membrane glycoproteins with the membrane bilayer and with othe ... | 2003 | 14610193 |
| antibody prophylaxis and therapy against west nile virus infection in wild-type and immunodeficient mice. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis in a subset of susceptible humans. current treatment for wnv infections is supportive, and no specific therapy or vaccine is available. in this study, we directly tested the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against wnv. passive administration of human gamma globulin or mouse serum prior to wnv infection protected congenic wild-type, b-cell-deficient ( micro mt), and t- and b-cell-deficient ... | 2003 | 14645550 |
| infection and injury of neurons by west nile encephalitis virus. | west nile virus (wnv) infects neurons and leads to encephalitis, paralysis, and death in humans, animals, and birds. we investigated the mechanism by which neuronal injury occurs after wnv infection. neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cords of paralyzed mice exhibited a high degree of wnv infection, leukocyte infiltration, and degeneration. because it was difficult to distinguish whether neuronal injury was caused by viral infection or by the immune system response, a novel tissue cultur ... | 2003 | 14645577 |
| boric acid bait kills adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicity of boric acid solutions to adult anopheles quadrimaculatus say, culex nigripalpus theobald, and aedes albopictus skuse was evaluated in the laboratory. median lethal concentrations (lc50 in %) at 24-h exposure for male and female an. quadrimaculatus were 0.317 and 0.885, respectively; for cx. nigripalpus, 0.273 and 0.560, respectively; and for ae. albopictus, 0.174 and 0.527, respectively. the lc50 values at 48-h exposure for male and female an. quadrimaculatus were 0.101 and 0.395, ... | 2003 | 14650531 |
| first finding of dirofilaria repens in a natural population of aedes albopictus. | the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) has become widespread in italy during the past decade. also italy has foci of canine filariasis caused by dirofilaria (spirurida: onchocercidae), due to subcutaneous d. repens railliet & henry as well as the dog heartworm d. immitis (leidy) transmitted by various vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). in 2002, at fiumicino, west of rome (lazio region), 17% of dogs were found to have d. repens microfilariae in peripheral blood. ... | 2003 | 14651660 |
| a critical role for induced igm in the protection against west nile virus infection. | in humans, the elderly and immunocompromised are at greatest risk for disseminated west nile virus (wnv) infection, yet the immunologic basis for this remains unclear. we demonstrated previously that b cells and igg contributed to the defense against disseminated wnv infection (diamond, m.s., b. shrestha, a. marri, d. mahan, and m. engle. 2003. j. virol. 77:2578-2586). in this paper, we addressed the function of igm in controlling wnv infection. c57bl/6j mice (sigm-/-) that were deficient in the ... | 2003 | 14662909 |
| culture and phenotypic characterization of a wolbachia pipientis isolate. | the recent isolation of wolbachia pipientis in the continuous cell line aa23, established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, allowed us to perform extensive characterization of the isolate. bacterial growth could be obtained in c6/36, another a. albopictus cell line, at 28 degrees c and in a human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayer at 28 and 37 degrees c, confirming that its host cell range is broader than was initially thought. the bacteria were best visualized ... | 2003 | 14662922 |
| [dominance of aedes aegypti over aedes albopictus in the southeastern coast of brazil]. | to assess infestation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopiticus and describe their association with weather conditions and container colonization in urban areas. | 2003 | 14666302 |
| inefficient signalase cleavage promotes efficient nucleocapsid incorporation into budding flavivirus membranes. | the mechanism for efficient nucleocapsid (nc) uptake into flavivirus particles which form by budding through the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) was investigated by using murray valley encephalitis virus as a model. budding of flavivirus membranes is driven by the viral transmembrane proteins prm and e independently of nc interaction. we show that control of signalase cleavage of the multimembrane-spanning flavivirus polyprotein by the catalytic function of the viral protease is crit ... | 2004 | 14671099 |
| an external loop region of domain iii of dengue virus type 2 envelope protein is involved in serotype-specific binding to mosquito but not mammalian cells. | dengue virus (dv) is a flavivirus and infects mammalian cells through mosquito vectors. this study investigates the roles of domain iii of dv type 2 envelope protein (eiii) in dv binding to the host cell. recombinant eiii interferes with dv infection to bhk21 and c6/36 cells by blocking dengue virion adsorption to these cells. inhibition of eiii on bhk21 cells was broad with no serotype specificity; however, inhibition of eiii on c6/36 cells was relatively serotype specific. soluble heparin comp ... | 2004 | 14671119 |
| habitat preferences and phenology of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in southwestern virginia. | recently, the number of reported human cases of la crosse encephalitis, an illness caused by mosquito-borne la crosse virus (lac), has increased in southwestern virginia, resulting in a need for better understanding of the virus cycle and the biology of its vectors in the region. this study examined the spatial and temporal distributions of the primary vector of lac, ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), and a potential secondary vector, aedes albopictus (skuse). ovitrapping surveys were conducted in ... | 2003 | 14680103 |
| vector competence of rural and urban strains of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) from são paulo state, brazil for ic, id, and if subtypes of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | aedes albopictus (skuse) is an asiatic mosquito species that has spread and colonized all continents except antarctica. it has major public health importance because it is a potential vector of several pathogens. the objectives of our study were to analyze the vector competence of urban and rural strains of ae. albopictus from são paulo state (brazil) for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) subtypes ic, id, and if, and to evaluate the effect of infection with subtype ic of vee on mosquito ... | 2003 | 14680121 |
| a simple parafilm m-based method for blood-feeding aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | a simple device for blood-feeding aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. parafilm m is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. the method has been used successfully to maintain aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. in typical blood-feeding trials, 53 +/- 0.8% (+/-se) of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and 31 +/- 6% of ae. albopictus (skuse) fed to repletion. | 2003 | 14680132 |
| west nile virus: the indian scenario. | west nile virus (wnv) is an important arthropod borne flavivirus; usually causes a mild infection called west nile fever (wnf) in human and horses. mosquitoes are the principal vectors of wnv. various culex species are found to act as vectors in different geographical regions. the virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle in nature. in india, culex mosquitoes are tentatively incriminated as vectors of wnv. experimental studies have shown that culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. bitaenio ... | 2003 | 14700342 |
| age-dependent bloodfeeding of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on artificial and living hosts. | in order to quantify age-dependent acquisition of a bloodmeal, we compared bloodfeeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus starting from the time of first responsiveness to a bloodmeal up to 15 days postemergence. in separate experiments, cohorts of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus of known age were offered their first bloodmeal from a silicon-membrane system or a restrained chicken. for cohorts ranging from 3 to 15 days old, the proportions feeding were significantly affected by speci ... | 2003 | 14710735 |
| spatiotemporal oviposition and habitat preferences of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus in an emerging focus of la crosse virus. | the number of cases of encephalitis caused by la crosse virus recently has increased in southwestern virginia counties. this article presents results of a study conducted from may to september 2000 in wise county, va, that examined the area-wide oviposition activity and habitat preferences of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus, potential vectors of la crosse virus in the region. data from 490 ovitrap collections made throughout the county showed that mean oviposition activity througho ... | 2003 | 14710741 |
| susceptibility of italian populations of aedes albopictus to temephos and to other insecticides. | we evaluated larval and adult susceptibility to 5 insecticides commonly used for control of aedes albopictus, by using 15 field-collected populations from northern and central italy, and we compared these data, collected in 2002, with those from evaluations conducted in 1992-93, 1996, and 1998-99. larvae were tested for susceptibility to temephos and to the conventional diagnostic dosages of chlorpyrifos and fenthion proposed by the world health organization for aedes aegypti. adults were expose ... | 2003 | 14710746 |
| a semifield evaluation of vectobac dt (abg-6499), a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for control of aedes albopictus. | we evaluated the effectiveness and duration of effectiveness of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) for control of larval aedes albopictus. the product tested was vectobac dt (abg-6499), a bti tablet formulation containing 3.4% of active ingredient (3,400 itu/mg) supplied by scae valent biosciences italy s.r.l. the study was conducted at the botanical garden of the university of rome "la sapienza" between june and september 2002, the most favorable season for the d ... | 2003 | 14710747 |
| first record of aedes albopictus from trinidad, west indies. | this is the 1st report of the occurrence of aedes albopictus in trinidad, west indies. eggs collected in 2 ovitraps, 1 in november and 1 in december 2002, were hatched and reared to adults at the insect vector control division laboratory. three female ae. albopictus emerged, whereas 6 females were collected by human-bait collections. the implications of these findings are discussed. | 2003 | 14710751 |
| seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus in santo domingo city, dominican republic. | the seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus (skuse) were studied in the park, parque mirador del norte in santo domingo city, dominican republic, from january to december 1994. tire ovitraps were set along a transect through the park and monitored weekly while two larval surveys were conducted in both the park and surrounding houses using standard entomological methodology. no seasonal pattern of oviposition was observed with similar numbers of positive tire traps colle ... | 2003 | 14714670 |
| real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of west nile virus. | a one-step, single tube, real-time accelerated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed for detecting the envelope gene of west nile (wn) virus. the rt-lamp assay is a novel method of gene amplification that amplifies nucleic acid with high specificity, efficiency, and rapidity under isothermal conditions with a set of six specially designed primers that recognize eight distinct sequences of the target. the whole procedure is very simple and rapi ... | 2004 | 14715762 |
| sucrose density gradient centrifugation and cross-flow filtration methods for the production of arbovirus antigens inactivated by binary ethylenimine. | sucrose density gradient centrifugation and cross-flow filtration methods have been developed and standardised for the safe and reproducible production of inactivated arbovirus antigens which are appropriate for use in diagnostic serological applications. | 2004 | 14720306 |
| global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. | global change includes climate change and climate variability, land use, water storage and irrigation, human population growth and urbanization, trade and travel, and chemical pollution. impacts on vector-borne diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, infections by other arboviruses, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, onchocerciasis, and leishmaniasis are reviewed. while climate change is global in nature and poses unknown future risks to humans and natural ecosystems, other local changes are o ... | 2004 | 14726459 |