| the effects of salivary gland extracts from boophilus microplus ticks on mitogen-stimulated bovine lymphocytes. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from the tick boophilus microplus was examined in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. sge was added to lymphocytes of seven cattle together with the mitogens concanavalin a (cona), phytohaemagglutinin (pha) and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). semi-purified b cells from another seven cattle were stimulated with the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps). pha and cona stimulated proliferation of lymphocytes to the same extent, but the inhibition due to sge of boop ... | 2007 | 17221366 |
| effects of solvents and surfactant agents on the female and larvae of cattle tick boophilus microplus. | many natural compounds have low water solubility and need to be dissolved in organic solvents, or surfactant agents must be used before addition into experimental systems. therefore, it is necessary to determine their toxicity. experiments were performed aiming to select solvents to be used in the bioassays, searching new acaricide agents from plants. laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick boophilus microplus to determine the sensibility of b. microplus female ... | 2007 | 17237954 |
| an investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in bangladesh. | to study the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks in bangladesh, an attempt was made to collect adult ticks from various host animals in three distinct topographic zones, viz. flood plains, hills and steppe 'barind'. five species of ixodid ticks were recorded, namely, boophilus microplus (56.3%), haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.3%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (15.0%) and amblyomma testudinarium (2.8%). the data showed that b. micr ... | 2006 | 17243476 |
| serial analysis of gene expression in the southern cattle tick following acaricide treatment of larvae from organophosphate resistant and susceptible strains. | organophosphate resistant and susceptible tick larvae from laboratory strains of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were exposed to low doses of the organophosphate (op) acaricide, coumaphos. serial analysis of gene expression (sage) was used to analyse differential gene expression in response to op treatment and to compare the responses of op-treated and -untreated resistant and susceptible tick larvae. an r. microplus gene index was used as an est database to identif ... | 2007 | 17257208 |
| a synthetic bmti n-terminal fragment as antigen in bovine immunoprotection against the tick boophilus microplus in a pen trial. | cattle tick control remains a serious problem in cattle farms worldwide, due to the limited success achieved with chemicals. although the use of vaccines for tick control may open possibilities for an integrated approach, the search for other protective antigens is still necessary to improve control. boophilus microplus is a rich source of bmtis, serine proteinase inhibitors that are present throughout the tick's lifecycle. the present paper reports a pen trial conducted to evaluate the performa ... | 2007 | 17257592 |
| new tick defensin isoform and antimicrobial gene expression in response to rickettsia montanensis challenge. | recent studies aimed at elucidating the rickettsia-tick interaction have discovered that the spotted fever group rickettsia rickettsia montanensis, a relative of r. rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, induces differential gene expression patterns in the ovaries of the hard tick dermacentor variabilis. here we describe a new defensin isoform, defensin-2, and the expression patterns of genes for three antimicrobials, defensin-1 (vsna1), defensin-2, and lysozyme, in the ... | 2007 | 17261604 |
| vaccination against ectoparasites. | ectoparasites of livestock are of great economic and social importance but their effective control remains difficult. the feasibility of vaccination as a novel control measure was established over a decade ago with the commercial release of a recombinant vaccine against the cattle tick boophilus microplus. since then, research has continued on ticks and other ectoparasites. while some ectoparasite species will undoubtedly be refractory to immunological control, for others there has been a steady ... | 2006 | 17274852 |
| [insects know no border.]. | one of the major consequences of the joined action of demographic pressure and evolution of human activities lies in enormous increase of transportation, both in frequence and speed; taking advantage of these facilities, some arthropods could increase their geographical distribution and create new health threats. several demonstrative examples are exposed in order to illustrate this anthropic dissemination of the vectors : the introduction of anopheles gambiae s.l. in mauritius island between 18 ... | 1996 | 17292311 |
| irae: an asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) in the gut of the hard tick ixodes ricinus. | ticks are ectoparasitic blood-feeders and important vectors for pathogens including arboviruses, rickettsiae, spirochetes and protozoa. as obligate blood-feeders, one possible strategy to retard disease transmission is disruption of the parasite's ability to digest host proteins. however, the constituent peptidases in the parasite gut and their potential interplay in the digestion of the blood meal are poorly understood. we have characterised a novel asparaginyl endopeptidase (legumain) from the ... | 2007 | 17336985 |
| spatial distribution of acaricide profiles (boophilus microplus strains susceptible or resistant to acaricides) in southeastern mexico. | the ability of boophilus microplus strains to be susceptible (-) or resistant (+) to amidines (am), synthetic pyrethroids (sp), and/or organo-phosphates (op) (or acaricide profiles) was investigated in 217 southeastern mexican cattle ranches (located in the states of yucatán, quintana roo, and tabasco). three questions were asked: (1) whether acaricide profiles varied at random and, if not, which one(s) explained more (or less) cases than expected, (2) whether the spatial distribution of acarici ... | 2007 | 17349747 |
| the ticks (acari: ixodida: argasidae, ixodidae) of paraguay. | the ticks reported in paraguay, which are here reviewed, can be categorized as 'endemic or established' (argas persicus or a sibling species, ornithodoros hasei, o. rostratus, o. rudis, o. talaje/o. puertoricensis, amblyomma aureolatum, am. auricularium, am. brasiliense, am. cajennense, am. calcaratum, am. coelebs, am. dissimile, am. dubitatum, am. incisum, am. longirostre, am. nodosum, am. ovale, am. pacae, am. parvum, am. pseudoconcolor, am. rotundatum, am. scutatum, am. tigrinum, am. triste, ... | 2007 | 17362600 |
| molecular characterization of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 homologue from haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. | one sequence in the est database of a midgut cdna library prepared from semi-engorged female haemaphysalis longicornis ticks has been found to be a homologue of the bm86 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. the full-length sequence containing a 1785 bp open reading fragment (orf) was obtained and designated as the hl86 gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of the hl86 gene shows a 37% identity to the bm86 gene. hl86 is predicted to be a gpi-anchored membrane-bound glycoprotein wi ... | 2007 | 17363170 |
| sequence and the developmental and tissue-specific regulation of the first complete vitellogenin messenger rna from ticks responsible for heme sequestration. | the first full-length mrna for vitellogenin (vg) from ticks was sequenced. this also represents the first complete sequence of vg from the chelicerata and of a heme binding vg. the vg cdna from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis was 5744nt in length (genbank accession number ay885250), which coded for a protein of 1843 aa with a calculated molecular weight of 208 kd. this protein had an 18 aa signal sequence, a single rxxr cleavage signal that would generate two subunits (49.5 and 157 ... | 2007 | 17368200 |
| transovarial silencing of the subolesin gene in three-host ixodid tick species after injection of replete females with subolesin dsrna. | rna interference (rnai) has become the most powerful experimental tool for the study of gene function in ticks. subolesin, initially called 4d8, was found to be protective against tick infestations when used as a vaccine and was shown to be highly conserved among ixodid tick species at the nucleotide and protein levels. rnai caused systemic silencing of subolesin and demonstrated that this protein is involved in regulation of tick feeding, reproduction, and development. recently, these results w ... | 2007 | 17372765 |
| cloning and characterization of a ribosomal protein l23a from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs by immuno screening of a cdna expression library. | a primary cdna library with a size of 1.34 x 10(6) pfu was constructed from haemaphysalis qinghaiensis eggs and was immunoscreened with rabbit anti-h. qinghaiensis serum. one clone (hq22, named following those clones obtained from adult haemaphysalis qinghaiensis cdna library which we constructed before) screened from the cdna library was selected randomly for sequencing. the entire sequence of the clone was subsequently obtained using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race). a search of the ... | 2007 | 17406794 |
| poor inheritance of low attractiveness for amblyomma variegatum in cattle. | because of the high variability of cattle infestation, selective breeding has been proposed to control three-host ticks in africa in the same way as it has been implemented to control the one-host tick boophilus microplus in australia. interbreeding (divergent selection experiment) between gudali zebu cattle was performed at the wakwa research centre, adamawa, cameroon to assess the feasibility and impact of such a selective breeding programme. fifty cows (chosen out of 129) and 2 bulls (chosen ... | 2007 | 17418491 |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| efficacy of a single doramectin injection against adult female boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the final stages of engorgement before detachment. | the efficacy of injectable doramectin applied at 200 microg/kg was evaluated against adult female boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae) in the later stages of engorgement before detachment. lethal levels of doramectin in the serum of treated cattle (9.7-36.6 ppb) were reached and sustained within 24 h after treatment. however, treatment at 19 or 20 d postinfestation allowed greater tick survival and reproductive capability (if) than at 18 d postinfestation, indicating that a signifi ... | 2007 | 17427697 |
| first report of permethrin-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected within the united states. | boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), collected in hidalgo county, tx, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. discriminating dose (dd) tests at the lc99 and 2x the lc99 of susceptible ticks yielded lower than expected mortalities for permethrin but not for coumaphos or amitraz acaricides. initial bioassay results confirmed the pyrethroid resistance detected in the dd assays. two generations of selection with permethrin at a rate > 60% increased the measured resistance ratio ... | 2007 | 17427702 |
| rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of dermacentor andersoni, does not elicit or inhibit humoral immune responses from immunocompetent d. andersoni or ixodes scapularis cell lines. | ixodes scapularis and dermacentor andersoni cell lines were stimulated with heat-killed escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus to investigate whether infection by rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of d. andersoni, modifies humoral immune responses. radial diffusion assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription pcr were used to determine if expression of bacteriolytic peptides, including lysozyme and defensin, was upregulated by bacterial stimulation or inf ... | 2007 | 17428539 |
| progress in the epidemiology and diagnosis of amitraz resistance in the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | amitraz is a rapidly acting acaricide that has been in use for the control of cattle ticks for more than 30 years. resistance against amitraz was first reported in boophilus microplus in australia in 1980 but has been slow to spread in comparison to resistance against synthetic pyrethroids. the most recent estimate of prevalence of amitraz resistance in australia is 10.8%. in mexico, the development and distribution of amitraz appears to have been more rapid and the prevalence has been estimated ... | 2007 | 17448604 |
| comparison of duplex pcr and microscopic techniques for the identification of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus. | a single-step duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique and traditional microscopic examination of haemolymph smears were used to detect babesia bigemina and/or babesia bovis infection in engorged female ticks of boophilus microplus recovered from calves raised in an endemic area of the state of minas gerais, brazil. in the pcr amplification of tick-derived dna, pairs of oligonucleotide primers specific for a 278-bp sequence from b. bigemina and for a 350-bp sequence from b. bovis were us ... | 2007 | 17456146 |
| acaricidal properties of extracts from the aerial parts of hypericum polyanthemum on the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | laboratory tests were carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick boophilus microplus to determine the toxicity of n-hexane and crude methanolic extracts of hypericum polyanthemum (guttiferae) using the larval immersion test (lit) and adult immersion test (ait). in the ait, the effectiveness of treatment against engorged females was assessed by measuring egg production: the n-hexane extract was found to have a small effect on the egg laying at the highest concentration (19.2% of egg-layi ... | 2007 | 17475407 |
| acaricidal activity of an oleoresinous extract from copaifera reticulata (leguminosae: caesalpinioideae) against larvae of the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the acaricidal activity of oleoresinous extract (oleoresin) from the copaiba tree, copaifera reticulata was investigated. oleoresin was dissolved with dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) and mixed with distilled water at a rate of 0.4 ml of dmso to 24.6 ml water. rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus larvae were exposed to filter paper envelopes impregnated with different oleoresin concentrations. four envelopes were impregnated with each tested solution. thirty larvae between 14 and 21 days old were fasted ... | 2007 | 17478043 |
| evaluation of the acaricide effect of thymol, menthol, salicylic acid, and methyl salicylate on boophilus microplus (canestrini 1887) (acari: ixodidae) larvae. | the tick boophilus microplus is the principal species of ectoparasite that impairs dairy cattle productivity in brazil. its control is mainly by using synthetic chemical products during its parasitic phase. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the acaricide activity of four products of natural origin. depending on solubility, tests were conducted with solutions in distilled water or emulsified in aqueous dmso at 1% of the following products: thymol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and salicylic ... | 2007 | 17487509 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae (hyphomycetes) for the control of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on naturally infested cattle in the mexican tropics. | the efficacy of metarhizium anisopliae on the control of boophilus microplus in cattle infested naturally in the mexican tropics was evaluated. the study was carried out on a ranch in veracruz, mexico. twenty steers were randomly allocated into two groups of 10 cattle. animals were naturally infested with b. microplus. animals in the treated group were sprayed with m. anisopliae (strain ma34) at a concentration of 1x10(8)conidia/ml every 15 days (four treatments). the other group remained as unt ... | 2007 | 17513054 |
| purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus. | the present study was conducted to identify new target immunogenic molecules from the larval stage of the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae). two specific larval glycoproteins (glps) were isolated by two-step affinity chromatography. the larval immunogens were first purified with cnbr-sepharose coupled to rabbit anti-larval immunoglobulins, and the glycoproteins were then purified with con-a sepharose. these glycoproteins have molecular weights of approximately 32 and 15 kda with ... | 2007 | 17519572 |
| are caenorhabditis elegans receptors useful targets for drug discovery: pharmacological comparison of tyramine receptors with high identity from c. elegans (tyra-2) and brugia malayi (bm4). | the biogenic amine, tyramine (ta), modulates a number of key processes in nematodes and a number of ta-specific receptors have been identified. in the present study, we have identified a putative ta receptor (bm4) in the recently completed brugia malayi genome and compared its pharmacology to its putative caenorhabditis elegans orthologue, tyra-2, under identical expression and assay conditions. tyra-2 and bm4 are the most closely related c. elegans and b. malayi ba receptors and differ by only ... | 2007 | 17537528 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| accumulation of acaricide resistance mechanisms in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) populations from new caledonia island. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus has been pesticide-controlled for several decades in the pacific island of new caledonia. since 1996, pesticide-control has been based on either deltamethrin (butox) or amitraz (taktic) in herds harbouring deltamethrin-resistant ticks. in this island, the first r. microplus deltamethrin- and amitraz-resistances were detected in 1992 and 2003, respectively. using lpt bioassays, we have undertaken to update data regarding the geographical distribution and the ph ... | 2007 | 17560723 |
| current status of veterinary vaccines. | the major goals of veterinary vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of companion animals, increase production of livestock in a cost-effective manner, and prevent animal-to-human transmission from both domestic animals and wildlife. these diverse aims have led to different approaches to the development of veterinary vaccines from crude but effective whole-pathogen preparations to molecularly defined subunit vaccines, genetically engineered organisms or chimeras, vectored antigen formula ... | 2007 | 17630337 |
| identification of point mutations in a putative carboxylesterase and their association with acaricide resistance in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae). | chemical control based on the use of pyrethroid and organophosphate compounds has selected resistant genotypes in populations of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. point mutations in esterase-encoding genes represent one of the main resistance mechanisms in this species. in this study, the pcr-rflp (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) technique was used to investigate the presence of mutations in a fragment of a putative carboxylesterase in a population of ticks ... | 2007 | 17643821 |
| mutations in a putative octopamine receptor gene in amitraz-resistant cattle ticks. | the mode of action of amitraz is thought to be its toxic effects on a receptor for a neuromodulator, octopamine. resistance could arise from modifications of this receptor so that it would not be affected by amitraz. a putative octopamine receptor cdna was cloned and sequenced from a cattle tick in australia. however, when the sequence was compared between australian strains of amitraz-susceptible and resistant ticks, no differences were detected. we have sequenced this putative octopamine recep ... | 2007 | 17662534 |
| acaricide resistance and synergism between permethrin and amitraz against susceptible and resistant strains of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the control of the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), in mexico and many other countries relies on chemical acaricides. boophilus microplus has developed resistance to all major classes of acaricides in recent years. to gain a better understanding of the resistance and to develop resistance management strategies that benefit both mexican ranchers and usda's cattle fever tick eradication program (cftep), the authors used larval bioassay techniques to determine levels of resis ... | 2007 | 17665370 |
| persistently infected calves as reservoirs for acquisition and transovarial transmission of babesia bovis by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | babesia bovis is a deadly disease of cattle resulting in severe economic losses in the vast regions of the world where it is endemic. if reintroduced into the united states, babesiosis would cause significant mortality in the naïve cattle population. in order to address the risk to u.s. cattle, it is essential to quantify the transovarial transmission efficiency in adult female boophilus microplus ticks following acquisition feeding on persistently infected cattle. this study tested the hypothes ... | 2007 | 17687016 |
| a ten-year review of commercial vaccine performance for control of tick infestations on cattle. | ticks are important ectoparasites of domestic and wild animals, and tick infestations economically impact cattle production worldwide. control of cattle tick infestations has been primarily by application of acaricides which has resulted in selection of resistant ticks and environmental pollution. herein we discuss data from tick vaccine application in australia, cuba, mexico and other latin american countries. commercial tick vaccines for cattle based on the boophilus microplus bm86 gut antigen ... | 2007 | 17692140 |
| immunologic and molecular identification of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in free-ranging white-tailed deer in northern mexico. | the suitability of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) as hosts for the cattle ticks rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, has been well documented. these ticks have a wide host range, and both transmit babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, the agents responsible for bovine babesiosis. although this disease and its vectors have been eradicated from the united states and some states in northern mexico, it still is a problem in other mexican states. it i ... | 2007 | 17699089 |
| goats as alternative hosts of cattle ticks. | the objective of this study was to compare the presence on goats and cattle of adult ticks that usually infest cattle. to this end ticks collected from sets of five goats were compared with those collected from sets of five cattle at 72 communal dip-tanks in the eastern region of the eastern cape province. amblyomma hebraeum was present on goats at 25 and on cattle at 39 dip-tanks, and a total of 61 goats and 138 cattle were infested. adult rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus was present on goat ... | 2007 | 17708147 |
| a thrombin inhibitor from the gut of boophilus microplus ticks. | a thrombin inhibitor was identified for the first time in the gut of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. here we present the partial purification and characterization of this new molecule, which was purified from the gut extract by three chromatographic steps: ion-exchange, gel filtration and affinity chromatography in a thrombin-sepharose resin. in sds-page the inhibitor showed an apparent molecular mass of circa 26 kda, which is different from the two thrombin inhibitors present in the saliva ... | 2007 | 17710557 |
| biological activities of chamomile (matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick (acari ixodidae). | in the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers' extract was studied against engorged rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. for this purpose, the engorged females of rhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%) using "dipping method" in vitro. the engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (five ticks for each dilution) for 1 min and they were imme ... | 2007 | 17726752 |
| laboratory studies on australian isolates of metarhizium anisopliae as a biopesticide for the cattle tick boophilus microplus. | thirty-one isolates of metarhizium anisopliae were bioassayed against the cattle tick (boophilus microplus). more than half of the isolates showed a high degree of virulence to ticks. radial growth curves for growth between 20 degrees c and 40 degrees c were obtained for all isolates. this information together with information on virulence will be important for the selection of isolates suitable to kill ticks on the surface of cattle. a biopesticide for cattle ticks must kill ticks rapidly at te ... | 2008 | 17764687 |
| a cysteine endopeptidase from tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) larvae with vitellin digestion activity. | the hard tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a blood-sucking ectoparasite. r. microplus free-living stage comprises egg development, hatching, and subsequent larval development until encountering a host. in order to complete the embryological development, this tick relies on yolk reserve substances, mainly vitellin (vt), which is still present in the larval stage. the present study demonstrates presence and digestion of vt in unfed r. microplus larvae. an increasing proteolytic activity ... | 2007 | 17765577 |
| a mitochondrial exopolyphosphatase activity modulated by phosphate demand in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus embryo. | this study describes exopolyphosphatases (ppx) activity in mitochondria of rhipicephalus microplus embryos. mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation and ppx activity was analyzed through the hydrolysis of the substrate polyphosphate (poly p(15)). we investigated the influence of nadh, nad+, pi and adp in a concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mm. poly p hydrolysis was stimulated about two-fold by nadh and strongly inhibited by pi. the ppx activity also increased in the presence of the ... | 2007 | 17785198 |
| tick fauna from two locations in the brazilian savannah. | the cerrado is brazil's tropical savannah, which is arguably under greater threat than the amazon rainforest. the cerrado biome of tropical south america covers about 2 million km(2) and is considered a biodiversity hot spot which means that it is especially rich in endemic species and particularly threatened by human activities. the cerrado is increasingly exposed to agricultural activities which enhance the likelihood of mixing parasites from rural, urban and wildlife areas. information about ... | 2007 | 17828441 |
| trace amine-associated receptor 1-family archetype or iconoclast? | interest has recently been rekindled in receptors that are activated by low molecular weight, noncatecholic, biogenic amines that are typically found as trace constituents of various vertebrate and invertebrate tissues and fluids. the timing of this resurgent focus on receptors activated by the "trace amines" (ta) beta-phenylethylamine (pea), tyramine (tyr), octopamine (oct), synephrine (syn), and tryptamine (tryp) is the direct result of 2 publications that appeared in 2001 describing the cloni ... | 2007 | 17888514 |
| bmsi-7, a novel subtilisin inhibitor from boophilus microplus, with activity toward pr1 proteases from the fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | bmsi-7 and bmsi-6, two boophilus microplus subtilisin inhibitors (bmsi) were purified and characterized from eggs. the inhibitors isolated by classical purification methods presented molecular masses of 7408 and 7271da, respectively, by maldi-tof-ms. both bmsi-7 and bmsi-6 inhibited neutrophil elastase (k(i) 0.4 and 0.3nm) and subtilisin a (k(i) 1.4nm for both inhibitors). they also strongly inhibited pr1 proteases from the fungus metarhizium anisopliae; bmsi-7 (k(i) 50nm) and bmsi-6 (k(i) 2.2nm ... | 2008 | 17889850 |
| coinfection with antigenically and genetically distinct virulent strains of babesia bovis is maintained through all phases of the parasite life cycle. | antigenic polymorphism is a defining characteristic of the babesia bovis variable merozoite surface antigen (vmsa) family. sequence analysis strongly suggests that recombination between virulent strains contributes to vmsa diversity. while meiosis during the aneuploid stage of the parasite's life cycle in the tick vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most probable source of interstrain recombination, there is no definitive evidence that coinfection of the mammalian host or r. microp ... | 2007 | 17893136 |
| mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling tick [riphicephalus (boophilus) microplus] resistance on bovine chromosomes 5, 7 and 14. | differences in domestication and selection processes have contributed to considerable phenotypic and genotypic differences between bos taurus and bos indicus cattle breeds. of particular interest in tropical and subtropical production environments are those genetic differences between subspecies that underlie the phenotypic extremes in tolerance and susceptibility to parasite infection. in general, b. taurus cattle are more susceptible to ectoparasites than b. indicus cattle in tropical environm ... | 2007 | 17894560 |
| acaricide rotation strategy for managing resistance in the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acarina: ixodidae): laboratory experiment with a field strain from costa rica. | during the past two decades, resistance to pyrethroids within the cattle tick genus boophilus has caused tick control problems in various tropical countries, mainly in latin america, southern africa, australia, and new caledonia. a rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) strain from costa rica, exhibiting resistance to the pyrethroid deltamethrin but only a very low resistance to organophosphates (op) was kept under selection pressure for 9 to 11 generations by using deltamethrin or cou ... | 2007 | 17915514 |
| characterization of permethrin-resistant boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) collected from the state of coahuila, mexico. | southern cattle ticks, boophilus microplus (canestrini) (acari: ixodidae), collected in coahuila, mexico, were determined to be resistant to permethrin. discriminating concentration (dc) tests at the lc99 and 2x the lc99 of susceptible ticks produced 0 and 0.5% mortality, respectively, for permethrin. however, measured mortalities for coumaphos and amitraz acaricides were within the expected ranges. polymerase chain reaction analysis of this strain detected a 99% frequency of homozygous resistan ... | 2007 | 17915523 |
| boophilus microplus ticks found in west africa. | | 2007 | 17929178 |
| global comparative analysis of ests from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is an economically important parasite of cattle and can transmit several pathogenic microorganisms to its cattle host during the feeding process. understanding the biology and genomics of r. microplus is critical to developing novel methods for controlling these ticks. | 2007 | 17935616 |
| experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) by means of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni (ixodidae) collected in western canada. | canadian cattle are free of bovine anaplasmosis, with the exception of 4 isolated incursions since 1968, which were eradicated. it is not known why the disease has not become established in regions of canada adjacent to the united states where it is endemic. to assess the vector competence of wild-caught ticks in cattle-rearing regions, dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni were collected in western canada and fed on calves experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale (st. maries strain). ... | 2007 | 17955901 |
| differential protein expression in ovaries of uninfected and babesia-infected southern cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | we used gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to investigate differences in protein expression in ovarian tissues from babesia bovis-infected and uninfected southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. soluble and membrane proteins were extracted from ovaries of adult female ticks, and analyzed by isoelectric focusing (ief) and one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. protein patterns were analyzed for differences in expression between infected and uninfect ... | 2007 | 17967348 |
| a hard tick relapsing fever group spirochete in a brazilian rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | tick-borne diseases usually comprise a complex epidemiological and ecological network connecting the vector, pathogen, and a group of host species. symptoms associated with lyme disease have been reported in brazil, but no borrelia sp. has been definitively related to these events. here we have identified a b. lonestari/b. theileri-related spirochete dna in the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus from brazil. four hundred r. microplus and 80 amblyomma cajennense ticks were screened, ... | 2007 | 17979536 |
| phylogenetic analysis of bartonella detected in rodent fleas in yunnan, china. | previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of bartonella spp. in rodent populations in yunnan province, china. although bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about bartonella carried by rodent fleas. in this study, bartonella dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in two of five species of rodent fleas. these included xenopsylla cheopis and ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from rattus ... | 2007 | 17984255 |
| cattle ticks of the genera rhipicephalus and amblyomma of economic importance in tanzania: distribution assessed with gis based on an extensive field survey. | in order to implement a robust integrated tick and tick-borne disease control programme in tanzania, based on ecological and epidemiological knowledge of ticks and their associated diseases, a national tick and sero-surveillance study was carried out in all 21 regions of the mainland, as well as on mafia island, between 1998 and 2001. the current distributions of rhipicephalus appendiculatus, r. pravus, amblyomma variegatum, a. gemma, and a. lepidum are illustrated and discussed. tick distributi ... | 2007 | 18044004 |
| chemical composition and larvicidal properties of the essential oils from drimys brasiliensis miers (winteraceae) on the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. | the essential oil obtained from leaves and stem barks of the southern brazilian native drimys brasiliensis miers, a tree with medicinal properties, was analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gc/mass spectrometry (ms). the oil was characterized by sesquiterpenoids (66%), cyclocolorenone being the most abundant (30.4%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (11.8%) and alpha-gurjunene (6.0%). laboratory tests were carried out to determine the toxicity of the essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick rhi ... | 2008 | 18046578 |
| r86q, a mutation in bmache3 yielding a rhipicephalus microplus organophosphate-insensitive acetylcholinesterase. | mutations were identified in the cdna sequence encoding the acetylcholinesterase bmache3 in strains of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) resistant or susceptible to organophosphate (op) acaricide. the mutation that occurred most frequently in the op-resistant san román strain resulted in a substitution of glutamine (q) for arginine (r) at position 86 in bmache3 (position 66 in mature bmache). clones containing the mutant and wild-type cdna sequences were expressed in the baculovir ... | 2007 | 18047200 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a larval immunogenic protein from the cattle tick boophilus annulatus. | a full-length cdna of an immunogenic protein was cloned from a cdna library of the local egyptian cattle tick boophilus annulatus. antibodies raised against b. annulatus larval proteins were used to screen a cdna expression library. a 936bp cloned fragment was sequenced and showed an open reading frame of 516bp encoding a protein of 171 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with protein data bank revealed that the sequence is related to a sequence isolated from the hard tick ... | 2008 | 18054085 |
| an insight into the sialome of the soft tick, ornithodorus parkeri. | while hard ticks (ixodidae) take several days to feed on their hosts, soft ticks (argasidae) feed faster, usually taking less than 1h per meal. saliva assists in the feeding process by providing a cocktail of anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodullatory compounds. saliva of hard ticks has been shown to contain several families of genes each having multiple members, while those of soft ticks are relatively unexplored. analysis of the salivary transcriptome of the soft tick ornithodoru ... | 2008 | 18070662 |
| characterization of anti-hemostatic factors in the argasid, argas monolakensis: implications for the evolution of blood-feeding in the soft tick family. | to date, the only anti-hemostatic factors characterized for softs ticks are for ornithodoros moubata and ornithodoros savignyi, ticks that feeds mainly on mammals. this includes thrombin (ornithodorin and savignin), fxa (tap and fxai) and platelet aggregation (disagegin and savignygrin) inhibitors that belong to the bpti-kunitz protein family. this raises the question on how well anti-hemostatic factors will be conserved in other soft tick genera that feeds on other vertebrates such as birds. we ... | 2008 | 18070663 |
| comparative sialomics between hard and soft ticks: implications for the evolution of blood-feeding behavior. | ticks evolved various mechanisms to modulate their host's hemostatic and immune defenses. differences in the anti-hemostatic repertoires suggest that hard and soft ticks evolved anti-hemostatic mechanisms independently, but raise questions on the conservation of salivary gland proteins in the ancestral tick lineage. to address this issue, the sialome (salivary gland secretory proteome) from the soft tick, argas monolakensis, was determined by proteomic analysis and cdna library construction of s ... | 2008 | 18070664 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| conservation of structure, signaling and pharmacology between two serotonin receptor subtypes from decapod crustaceans, panulirus interruptus and procambarus clarkii. | serotonin (5-ht) plays important roles in the maintenance and modulation of neural systems throughout the animal kingdom. the actions of 5-ht have been well characterized for several crustacean model circuits; however, a dissection of the serotonergic transduction cascades operating in these models has been hampered by the lack of pharmacological tools for invertebrate receptors. here we provide pharmacological profiles for two 5-ht receptors from the swamp crayfish, procambarus clarkii: 5-ht(2b ... | 2008 | 18083737 |
| acaricidal activity of calea serrata (asteraceae) on boophilus microplus and rhipicephalus sanguineus. | calea serrata (asteraceae) is an endemic southern brazilian plant species used for religious and medicinal purposes. previous study revealed the presence of chromenes, a class of natural compounds that possess insecticidal properties. this study reports the effect of the hexane extract from the aerial parts of this plant on egg hatchability, egg production and mortality rates of newly hatched larvae of the cattle tick boophilus microplus. larvae of rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick, r ... | 2008 | 18158216 |
| variability and action mechanism of a family of anticomplement proteins in ixodes ricinus. | ticks are blood feeding arachnids that characteristically take a long blood meal. they must therefore counteract host defence mechanisms such as hemostasis, inflammation and the immune response. this is achieved by expressing batteries of salivary proteins coded by multigene families. | 2008 | 18167559 |
| rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: distinct acute phase proteins vary during infestations according to the genetic composition of the bovine hosts, bos taurus and bos indicus. | tick bites may trigger acute phase responses. positive and negative acute phase proteins were measured in infested cattle genetically resistant and susceptible to ticks. during heavier infestations levels of haptoglobin increased significantly in susceptible bovines; levels of serum amyloid a increased in resistant bovines; levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein decreased significantly in resistant bovines; levels of transferrin decreased significantly in susceptible bovines. in conclusion, tick in ... | 2008 | 18171576 |
| cathepsin l and cystatin b gene expression discriminates immune coelomic cells in the leech theromyzon tessulatum. | previous studies evidenced that cystatin b-like gene is specifically expressed and induced in large circulating coelomic cells following bacterial challenge in the leech theromyzon tessulatum. in order to understand the role of that cysteine proteinase inhibitor during immune response, we investigated the existence of members of cathepsin family. we cloned a cathepsin l-like gene and studied its tissue distribution. immunohistochemical studies using anti-cathepsin l and anti-cystatin b antibodie ... | 2008 | 18177937 |
| comparison of insect kinin analogs with cis-peptide bond, type vi-turn motifs identifies optimal stereochemistry for interaction with a recombinant arthropod kinin receptor from the southern cattle tick boophilus microplus. | the multifunctional 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved c-terminal pentapeptide motif phe-x1-x2-trp-gly-nh2, where x1=his, asn, ser, or tyr and x2=ser, pro, or ala; and are associated with the regulation of diuresis in a variety of species of insects. we previously reported the functional expression of a southern cattle tick (boophilus microplus) g protein-coupled receptor that is activated by insect kinins. four different stereochemical variants of each of the 4-aminopyroglutamic ... | 2008 | 18192082 |
| identification of selective and non-selective, biostable beta-amino acid agonists of recombinant insect kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick boophilus microplus and mosquito aedes aegypti. | the multifunctional arthropod 'insect kinins' share the evolutionarily conserved c-terminal pentapeptide motif phe-x1-x2-trp-gly-nh2, where x1=his, asn, ser, or tyr and x2=ser, pro, or ala. eight different analogs of the insect kinin c-terminal pentapeptide active core in which the critical residues phe 1, pro3 and trp 4 are replaced with beta 3-amino acid and/or their beta2-amino acid counterparts were evaluated on recombinant insect kinin receptors from the southern cattle tick, boophilus micr ... | 2008 | 18207610 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever, colombia. | we investigated 2 fatal cases of rocky mountain spotted fever that occurred in 2003 and 2004 near the same locality in colombia where the disease was first reported in the 1930s. a retrospective serosurvey of febrile patients showed that > 21% of the serum samples had antibodies aaainst spotted fever group rickettsiae. | 2007 | 18214179 |
| synthetic vaccine (sbm7462) against the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus: preservation of immunogenic determinants in different strains from south america. | the synthetic vaccine sbm7462 is based on three immunogenic epitopes (4822, 4823 and 4824) contained within protein bm86 derived from the australian yeerongpilly strain of the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. twenty strains of the tick originating from brazil, argentina, colombia and uruguay were analysed in order to identify differences compared with sequences present in components of vaccine sbm7462. for each parasite population, three cdna fragments containing the nucleotides coding ... | 2008 | 18226809 |
| molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a functional gstmu class from the cattle tick boophilus annulatus. | a full-length cdna of a glutathione s-transferase (gst) was cloned from a cdna library of the local egyptian cattle tick boophilus annulatus. the 672 bp cloned fragment was sequenced and showed an open reading frame encoding a protein of 223 amino acids. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with gsts from other species revealed that the sequence is closely related to the mammalian mu-class gst. the cloned gene was expressed in e. coli under t7 promotor of pet-30b vector, and purified un ... | 2008 | 18241993 |
| byc, an atypical aspartic endopeptidase from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus eggs. | an aspartic endopeptidase was purified in our laboratory from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus eggs [logullo, c., vaz, i.s., sorgine, m.h., paiva-silva, g.o., faria, f.s., zingali, r.b., de lima, m.f., abreu, l., oliveira, e.f., alves, e.w., masuda, h., gonzales, j.c., masuda, a., and oliveira, p.l., 1998. isolation of an aspartic proteinase precursor from the egg of a hard tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. parasitology 116, 525-532]. boophilus yolk cathepsin (byc) was tested as comp ... | 2008 | 18242110 |
| development of amitraz resistance in field populations of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) undergoing typical amitraz exposure in the mexican tropics. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of amitraz selection pressure on the development of resistance in field populations of boophilus microplus in the mexican tropics. three farms (fa(1), fa(2) and fa(3)) in yucatan, mexico, were selected in this study. amitraz was applied as a whole body sprays to all cattle on each farm for tick control once monthly for 15 months. from each farm, 20-30 b. microplus engorged females were collected every 3 months. the modified larval immersion t ... | 2008 | 18242859 |
| efficacy of amitraz applied as a dip against an amitraz-resistant strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (acari: ixodidae) infested on cattle. | selection pressure with the acaricide, amitraz was applied to a strain of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) in 13 out of 18 generations, resulting in a 28.7-fold increase in resistance, indicating a shift in the phenotypic composition of the ticks, from a heterogenous mixture of both susceptible and resistant ticks when selection began to a homogenous composition of predominantly resistant ticks when selection ended. resistant larvae of the last selected generation were infested o ... | 2008 | 18242864 |
| proteomic profiling of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus midgut responses to infection with babesia bovis. | differences in protein expression in midgut tissue of uninfected and babesia bovis-infected southern cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, were investigated in an effort to establish a proteome database containing proteins involved in successful pathogen transmission. the electrophoretic separation of midgut membrane proteins was greatly improved by using liquid-phase isoelectric focusing combined with one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-d) gel electrophoresis. a selection of diff ... | 2008 | 18243558 |
| genomic resources for invertebrate vectors of human pathogens, and the role of vectorbase. | high-throughput genome sequencing techniques have now reached vector biology with an emphasis on those species that are vectors of human pathogens. the first mosquito to be sequenced was anopheles gambiae, the vector for plasmodium parasites that cause malaria. further mosquitoes have followed: aedes aegypti (yellow fever and dengue fever vector) and culex pipiens (lymphatic filariasis and west nile fever). species that are currently in sequencing include the body louse pediculus humanus (typhus ... | 2009 | 18262474 |
| shifts in the distributional ranges of boophilus ticks in tanzania: evidence that a parapatric boundary between boophilus microplus and b. decoloratus follows climate gradients. | based on a national tick survey conducted in tanzania between 1998 and 2001, predictive maps of tick distribution for b. microplus and b. decoloratus were computed and compared with historical maps that originated about 40 years ago. the new data collected showed that except for extremely cold and dry areas b. microplus has extended its distribution range and is now present in all the northern regions of tanzania, and that high suitability is currently recorded for most of the previously non-occ ... | 2008 | 18266058 |
| expression of recombinant rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, r. annulatus and r. decoloratus bm86 orthologs as secreted proteins in pichia pastoris. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) spp. ticks economically impact on cattle production in africa and other tropical and subtropical regions of the world. tick vaccines constitute a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to tick control. the r. microplus bm86 protective antigen has been produced by recombinant dna technology and shown to protect cattle against tick infestations. | 2008 | 18275601 |
| isolation, cloning and structural characterisation of boophilin, a multifunctional kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor from the cattle tick. | inhibitors of coagulation factors from blood-feeding animals display a wide variety of structural motifs and inhibition mechanisms. we have isolated a novel inhibitor from the cattle tick boophilus microplus, one of the most widespread parasites of farm animals. the inhibitor, which we have termed boophilin, has been cloned and overexpressed in escherichia coli. mature boophilin is composed of two canonical kunitz-type domains, and inhibits not only the major procoagulant enzyme, thrombin, but i ... | 2008 | 18286181 |
| a laboratory-based study for first documented case of urinary myiasis caused by larvae of megaselia scalaris (diptera: phoridae) in saudi arabia. | megaselia scalaris (diptera: phoridae) is one of the medically important insects. maggots from a urine sample of a 5-year-old saudi girl were examined microscopically for identification. these maggots were cultured to become adult flies. larvae and adults were identified using standard keys. protozoan flagellates were obtained from the gut of the larvae. this is the first report of m. scalaris as a causative agent of urinary human myiasis in saudi arabia. | 2008 | 18344675 |
| profiling of proteolytic enzymes in the gut of the tick ixodes ricinus reveals an evolutionarily conserved network of aspartic and cysteine peptidases. | abstract: | 2008 | 18348719 |
| a critical analysis of disease-associated dna polymorphisms in the genes of cattle, goat, sheep, and pig. | genetic variations through their effects on gene expression and protein function underlie disease susceptibility in farm animal species. the variations are in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms, deletions/insertions of nucleotides or whole genes, gene or whole chromosomal rearrangements, gene duplications, and copy number polymorphisms or variants. they exert varying degrees of effects on gene action, such as substitution of an amino acid for another, shift in reading frame and prematur ... | 2008 | 18350334 |
| rnai-mediated gene silencing in tick synganglia: a proof of concept study. | progress in generating comprehensive est libraries and genome sequencing is setting the stage for reverse genetic approaches to gene function studies in the blacklegged tick (ixodes scapularis). however, proving that rnai can work in nervous tissue has been problematic. developing an ability to manipulate gene expression in the tick synganglia likely would accelerate understanding of tick neurobiology. here, we assess gene silencing by rna interference in the adult female black-legged tick synga ... | 2008 | 18366768 |
| detection of snps in bovine immune-response genes that may mediate resistance to the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | | 2008 | 18371125 |
| [evaluation of the biological control potential of metarhizium anisopliae toward boophilus microplus in pen trials]. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae to control boophilus microplus tick in pen trials. infested calves were held in individual pen and treated with fungus suspension through aspersion bath. the results were evaluated based on ticks' mortality rate for 28 days after treatment, and on the analysis of biology of tick's samples which were transferred to an incubation chamber. it was reported 33% of mortality during the total period analyzed, ... | 2007 | 18373901 |
| [biological characteristics of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) on dog under experimental infestation]. | boophilus microplus, a common parasite of cattle, has eventually reported in dogs. to describe biological features of this parasitism, one dog was experimentally infested with 10,000 larvae of b. microplus which were previously held in acclimatized camera at 27+/-1 degrees c and relative humidity up to 80%. the mean of parasitic phase was 24.4+/-1.50 days, with 0.42% of recovery rate. of 21 natural detached b. microplus females, six engorged enough (75.1+/-30.23 mg) to achieve posture. the mean ... | 2007 | 18373903 |
| a novel sine family occurs frequently in both genomic dna and transcribed sequences in ixodid ticks of the arthropod sub-phylum chelicerata. | reassociation kinetics and flow cytometry data indicate that ixodid tick genomes are large, relative to most arthropods, containing>or=10(9) base pairs. the molecular basis for this is unknown. we have identified a novel small interspersed element with features of a trna-derived sine, designated ruka, in genomic sequences of rhipicephalus appendiculatus and boophilus (rhipicephalus) microplus ticks. the sine was also identified in expressed sequence tag (est) databases derived from several tissu ... | 2008 | 18394826 |
| antiectoparasitic activity of the gum resin, gum haggar, from the east african plant, commiphora holtziana. | the mechanism of ixodid tick (acari: ixodidae) repellency by gum haggar, a resin produced by commiphora holtziana (burseraceae), was investigated by evaluating activity against the cattle tick, boophilus microplus. in an arena bioassay, a hexane extract of the resin of c. holtziana exhibited a repellent effect lasting up to 5h. the hydrocarbon fraction of the resin extract was shown to account for the repellent activity, and was analysed by coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). m ... | 2008 | 18402993 |
| cellular and molecular characterization of an embryonic cell line (bme26) from the tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the cellular and molecular characteristics of a cell line (bme26) derived from embryos of the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were studied. the cells contained glycogen inclusions, numerous mitochondria, and vesicles with heterogeneous electron densities dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. vesicles contained lipids and sequestered palladium meso-porphyrin (pd-mp) and rhodamine-hemoglobin, suggesting their involvement in the autophagic and endocytic pathways. the cells phagocytose ... | 2008 | 18405834 |
| enhanced spatial models for predicting the geographic distributions of tick-borne pathogens. | disease maps are used increasingly in the health sciences, with applications ranging from the diagnosis of individual cases to regional and global assessments of public health. however, data on the distributions of emerging infectious diseases are often available from only a limited number of samples. we compared several spatial modelling approaches for predicting the geographic distributions of two tick-borne pathogens: ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytotropic ehrlichi ... | 2008 | 18412972 |
| the tick fauna of sulawesi, indonesia (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae and ixodidae). | twenty-six species of ticks are reported from the island of sulawesi (celebes), indonesia. these include two species of soft ticks (argasidae), carios batuensis and c. vespertilionis, and the following 24 species of hard ticks (ixodidae): amblyomma babirussae, a. breviscutatum, a. cordiferum, a. fimbriatum, a. helvolum, a. testudinarium, a. trimaculatum, a. varanense, dermacentor atrosignatus, d. steini, haemaphysalis celebensis, h. hystricis, h. kadarsani, h. papuana, h. psalistos, h. renschi, ... | 2008 | 18427937 |
| [isolation of a field strain of babesia bigemina (piroplasma: babesiidae) and establishment of in vitro culture for antigen production]. | isolation of a field strain of babesia bigemina (piroplasma: babesiidae) and establishment of in vitro culture for antigen production. bovine b abesiosis, caused by babesia bigemina, is a barrier for livestock development; it results in high economic loss to mexican livestock. control requires adequate antigens for diagnosis and vaccination programs. however, because of antigenic variation among babesia strains, it is necessary to use antigens prepared from local strains. the purpose of the pres ... | 2007 | 18457120 |
| use of selamectin and moxidectin in the treatment of mouse fur mites. | a breeding colony consisting of 250 different strains of mice was treated with the topical acaricide selamectin for the mouse fur mite myocoptes musculinus, with no apparent ill effect, suggesting that this drug is safe for use in mice. to further evaluate their efficacy in treating myocoptes spp., we compared selamectin with another acaricide, moxidectin, in a controlled manner. infested mice were treated with selamectin or moxidectin at the time of cage change, and a subset of mice was retreat ... | 2008 | 18459708 |
| esterase enzymes involved in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in a brazilian population of riphicephallus (boophilus) microplus (acari, ixodidae). | esterases are a group of enzymes that are reportedly associated with acaricide resistance in riphicephallus (boophilus) microplus. a comparative analysis was made of the esterase patterns in malathion and deltamethrin-sensitive, tolerant and resistant tick groups, using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. electrophoretical profiles revealed four bands of esterase activity against alpha-naphthyl acetate; which were dubbed est-1 to est-4. the est-3 and est-4 were detected in all str ... | 2008 | 18472171 |
| productivity and health effects of anaplasmosis and babesiosis on bos indicus cattle and their crosses, and the effects of differing intensity of tick control in australia. | tick fever is an important disease of cattle where rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus acts as a vector for the three causal organisms babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale. bos indicus cattle and their crosses are more resistant to the clinical effects of infection with b. bovis and b. bigemina than are bos taurus cattle. resistance is not complete, however, and herds of b. indicus-cross cattle are still at risk of babesiosis in environments where exposure to b. bovis is light ... | 2008 | 18472219 |
| a cysteine protease is critical for babesia spp. transmission in haemaphysalis ticks. | vector ticks possess a unique system that enables them to digest large amounts of host blood and to transmit various animal and human pathogens, suggesting the existence of evolutionally acquired proteolytic mechanisms. we report here the molecular and reverse genetic characterization of a multifunctional cysteine protease, longipain, from the babesial parasite vector tick haemaphysalis longicornis. longipain shares structural similarity with papain-family cysteine proteases obtained from invert ... | 2008 | 18483546 |