| [immunity in parasite-vector snails]. | aquatic snails play a key role in the transmission of parasites such as the human blood or liver flukes (schistosomes and fasciola sp.). during the last decade, particular efforts have been made by a small number of scientists to progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying snail immune responses and/or host parasite interactions. complementary approaches using the gastropod snail biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, have yielded a number of ... | 2009 | 19409193 |
| molecular epidemiology of brazilian biomphalaria: a review of the identification of species and the detection of infected snails. | the three vector species of schistosoma mansoni in brazil, biomphalaria glabrata, b. tenagophila and b. straminea show different susceptibility levels to the trematode besides a wide geographical distribution. the identification of such molluscs is important to further understand the disease epidemiology. considering the fact that morphological identification may become difficult or even impossible under particular circumstances, the use of molecular-based methods have permitted the generation o ... | 2009 | 19426656 |
| activities of naphthoquinones against aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue and biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818), intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni. | larvicidal (against aedes aegypti linnaeus, 1762) and molluscicidal (against biomphalaria glabrata say, 1818) activities of several natural and synthetic naphthoquinones were measured, with significant results. the best larvicidal compound is 3-bromojuglone, while the better molluscicides are 2-bromo- and 3-bromo-5-acetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones together with the 3-bromo-5-methoxy derivative. the present results reinforce the potential use of substituted hydroxyquinones, their salts and halogenated ... | 2009 | 19426662 |
| biomphalaria glabrata peroxiredoxin: effect of schistosoma mansoni infection on differential gene regulation. | to identify gene(s) that may be associated with resistance/susceptibility in the intermediate snail host biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni infection, a snail albumen gland cdna library was differentially screened and a partial cdna encoding an antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin peroxidase (tpx), or peroxiredoxin (prx), was identified. the 753bp full-length, single-copy, constitutively expressed gene now referred to as bgprx4 was later isolated. bgprx4 is a 2-cys peroxiredoxin containing t ... | 2009 | 19439374 |
| glycotope analysis in miracidia and primary sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni: differential expression during the miracidium-to-sporocyst transformation. | fucosylated carbohydrate epitopes (glycotopes) expressed by larval and adult schistosomes are thought to modulate the host immune response and possibly mediate parasite evasion in intermediate and definitive hosts. while previous studies showed glycotope expression is developmentally and stage-specifically regulated, relatively little is known regarding their occurrence in miracidia and primary sporocysts. in this study, previously defined monoclonal antibodies were used in confocal laser scanni ... | 2009 | 19545571 |
| schistosoma mansoni infection of juvenile biomphalaria glabrata induces a differential stress response between resistant and susceptible snails. | schistosomes develop successfully in susceptible snails but are encapsulated and killed in resistant ones. mechanism(s) shaping these outcomes involves the parasites ability to evade the snail's defenses. rna analysis from resistant (bs-90), non-susceptible (lac2) and susceptible (nmri) juvenile biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni revealed that stress-related genes, heat shock protein 70 (hsp 70) and reverse transcriptase (rt), were dramatically co-induced early in susceptible snails, b ... | 2009 | 19660454 |
| a sybr green real-time pcr assay for the detection of the nematode angiostrongylus vasorum in definitive and intermediate hosts. | the parasitic nematode angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging challenge for companion animal and wildlife health, with reported increases in both distribution and incidence in europe. to facilitate improved detection of this parasite, a sybr green real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to amplify a region of the second internal transcribed spacer (its-2) of a. vasorum from both definitive and intermediate host samples. the pcr assay was capable of detecting a single of plasmid d ... | 2009 | 19717239 |
| susceptibility to praziquantel of male and female cercariae of praziquantel-resistant and susceptible isolates of schistosoma mansoni. | praziquantel (pzq) is now widely used for the treatment of human schistosomiasis. however, in recent years, there has been a growing concern about the resistance of schistosoma to pzq. the mechanisms of pzq action against schistosoma and resistance of schistosoma to pzq are poorly understood. here, we report differential susceptibilities to pzq between male and female cercariae in the pzq-susceptible and pzq-resistant isolates of schistosoma mansoni, using tail loss as a measurement of pzq actio ... | 2010 | 19765323 |
| identification of immediate response genes dominantly expressed in juvenile resistant and susceptible biomphalaria glabrata snails upon exposure to schistosoma mansoni. | resistance or susceptibility of the snail host biomphalaria glabrata to schistosoma mansoni is determined by the genetics of both the snail and parasite. although mendelian genetics governs adult resistance to infection, juvenile resistance and susceptibility are complex traits. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to construct forward and reverse cdna libraries to identify genes involved in the immediate response of juvenile resistant (bs-90), non-susceptible (lac2) sna ... | 2010 | 19815034 |
| role of the endogenous antioxidant system in the protection of schistosoma mansoni primary sporocysts against exogenous oxidative stress. | antioxidants produced by the parasite schistosoma mansoni are believed to be involved in the maintenance of cellular redox balance, thus contributing to larval survival in their intermediate snail host, biomphalaria glabrata. here, we focused on specific antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione-s-transferases 26 and 28 (gst26 and 28), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), peroxiredoxin 1 and 2 (prx1 and 2) and cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod), known to be involved in cellular redox reactions, in an at ... | 2009 | 19924224 |
| differential transcriptomic responses of biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda, mollusca) to bacteria and metazoan parasites, schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei (digenea, platyhelminthes). | a 70-mer-oligonucleotide-based microarray (1152 features) that emphasizes stress and immune responses factors was constructed to study transcriptomic responses of the snail biomphalaria glabrata to different immune challenges. in addition to sequences with relevant putative id and gene ontology (go) annotation, the array features non-immune factors and unknown b. glabrata ests for functional gene discovery. the transcription profiles of b. glabrata (3 biological replicates, each a pool of 5 snai ... | 2010 | 19962194 |
| attraction of schistosoma mansoni sambon, 1907 miracidia to biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) in the presence of angiostrongylus costaricensis morera and céspedes, 1971 infection. | the attraction exerted by biomphalaria glabrata infected with angiostrongylus costaricensis on schistosoma mansoni miracidia of the bh strain was tested, using a glass apparatus composed by two circular chambers connected to a channel. one mollusk or a sample of a snail conditioning water (scw) was placed in one of the chambers, randomly selected, and the remaining of the apparatus was filled with chlorine-free water. ten miracidia were placed in the centre of the channel and their behaviour was ... | 2009 | 19967180 |
| identification of protein components of egg masses indicates parental investment in immunoprotection of offspring by biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda, mollusca). | the macromolecules contributed by the freshwater gastropod biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, to developing offspring inside egg masses are poorly known. sds-page fractionated egg mass fluids (emf) of m line and bb02 b. glabrata were analyzed by maldi-tof (ms and tandem ms). a mascot database was assembled with est data from b. glabrata and other molluscs to aid in sequence characterization. of approximately 20 major emf polypeptides, 16 were identified as defense-r ... | 2010 | 19995576 |
| schistosomiasis suppressing deoxyphorbol esters from euphorbia cauducifolia l. latex. | the molluscicidal activity of e. cauducifolia l. latex, extracted in various organic solvents, was tested against biomphalaria glabrata snails, using bayluscide as a control. the ethyl acetate extract was found to be the most active and in bioassay guided hplc fractionation yielded eight ( 1- 8) compounds. the structure and relative configuration of the isolates were established through spectroscopic (uv, ir, (1)h, (13)c nmr, 2d nmr, hsqc, hmqc, hmbc, cosy-45 degrees , tocsy, hohaha, hoesy, roes ... | 2010 | 20013638 |
| revealing the secret lives of cryptic species: examining the phylogenetic relationships of echinostome parasites in north america. | the recognition of cryptic parasite species has implications for evolutionary and population-based studies of wildlife and human disease. echinostome trematodes are a widely distributed, species-rich group of internal parasites that infect a wide array of hosts and are agents of disease in amphibians, mammals, and birds. we utilize genetic markers to understand patterns of morphology, host use, and geographic distribution among several species groups. parasites from >150 infected host snails (ly ... | 2010 | 20064622 |
| [advances on genetics and biological characteristics of oncomelania hupensis]. | this review focused on the research progress in genetic features of oncomelania hupensis, including its relation to the snail distribution, susceptibility to schistosoma japonicum. series studies were done on genetic characteristics for snail distribution and its infectivity with s. japonicum by using population genetics and molecular biology approaches to explore the new avenue to block the transmission of schistosomiasis. however, limited progress has been achieved in this field inside in chin ... | 2009 | 20066973 |
| effect of amphotericin b on the infection success of schistosoma mansoni in biomphalaria glabrata. | in the present study, we examined the effect of amphotericin b on larval stages (miracidia and primary sporocyst) of the helminth schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of human schistosomiasis. amphotericin b (amb) is a polyene macrolide that disturbs the function of the cell membrane; it is widely used as prophylactic antimycotic agent in in vitro culture. we show for the first time that s. mansoni miracidia infectivity is considerably reduced after amb treatment. moreover we demonstrate tha ... | 2010 | 20067790 |
| time series analysis of the transcriptional responses of biomphalaria glabrata throughout the course of intramolluscan development of schistosoma mansoni and echinostoma paraensei. | successful colonization of a compatible snail host by a digenetic trematode miracidium initiates a complex, proliferative development program requiring weeks to reach culmination in the form of production of cercariae which, once started, may persist for the remainder of the life span of the infected snail. how are such proliferative and invasive parasites able to circumvent host defenses and establish chronic infections? using a microarray designed to monitor the internal defense and stress-rel ... | 2010 | 20083115 |
| cyanolide a, a glycosidic macrolide with potent molluscicidal activity from the papua new guinea cyanobacterium lyngbya bouillonii. | over the last 50 years, molluscicides have played a critical role in the control of schistosomiasis transmission. cyanolide a (2), isolated from extracts of a papua new guinea collection of lyngbya bouillonii, is a new and highly potent molluscicidal agent against the snail vector biomphalaria glabrata (lc(50) = 1.2 microm). the structure of cyanolide a (2) was elucidated through extensive nmr spectroscopic analyses, yielding a symmetrical dimer that represents the newest addition to the family ... | 2010 | 20131814 |
| larval excretory-secretory products from the parasite schistosoma mansoni modulate hsp70 protein expression in defence cells of its snail host, biomphalaria glabrata. | synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsps) following cellular stress is a response shared by many organisms. amongst the hsp family, the approximately 70 kda hsps are the most evolutionarily conserved with intracellular chaperone and extracellular immunoregulatory functions. this study focused on the effects of larval excretory-secretory products (esps) from the parasite schistosoma mansoni on hsp70 protein expression levels in haemocytes (defence cells) from its snail intermediate host biomphalari ... | 2010 | 20182834 |
| effect of crude extract of solanum xanthocarpum against snails and mosquito larvae. | the ethanolic crude extract from solanum xanthocarpum was investigated for its molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata, the snail vector of schistosoma mansoni, and indoplanorbis exustus, the snail vector of intestinal echinostomiasis and schistosoma spindale, together with the larvicidal activity against the larvae of aedes aegypti, mosquito vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever and culex quinquefasciatus, the mosquito vector of urban bancroftian filariasis. the bioassays were carried ... | 2010 | 20578514 |
| comparative toxicity of euphorbia milii latex and synthetic molluscicides to biomphalaria glabrata embryos. | plant molluscicides have been regarded as possible alternatives to the costly and environmentally hazardous molluscicides currently available. this study was undertaken to compare the developmental toxicity of a plant molluscicide (euphorbia milii latex, lat) with that of three synthetic molluscicidal compounds. biomphalaria glabrata egg masses (0-15 h after spawning) were exposed to molluscicides for 96 h and thereafter examined up to the 14th day after spawning. embryo deaths, abnormal embryo ... | 2010 | 20594574 |
| n-glycosylation patterns of hemolymph glycoproteins from biomphalaria glabrata strains expressing different susceptibility to schistosoma mansoni infection. | comparative analyses of the n-glycosylation pattern of hemolymph glycoproteins from biomphalaria glabrata strains puerto rico (bgpr) and salvador (bgbs-90), differing in their susceptibility towards schistosoma mansoni infection, were performed by western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. obtained data demonstrated an enhanced expression of serologically cross-reacting, fucosylated carbohydrate epitopes by ... | 2010 | 20599986 |
| experimental evidence of size/age-biased infection of biomphalaria glabrata (pulmonata: planorbidae) by an incompatible parasite species: consequences for biological control. | because the digenetic trematode plagiorchis elegans can elicit a rapid, severe and permanent suppression of the reproductive output in the snail biomphalaria glabrata, it is considered as a potential biological control agent of human schistosomiasis. this assumption however is derived from laboratory experiments that are poor approximations of what occurs in a natural ecosystem. in order to recreate conditions that resemble those found in nature, we exposed b. glabrata as individual populations ... | 2010 | 20601177 |
| genetic differences between strains of biomphalaria glabrata (planorbidae) that are susceptible and unsusceptible to schistosomiasis. | despite the implementation control programs, schistosomiasis continues to spread throughout the world. among modern control strategies, vector control is currently being emphasized. within this context, analysis of the genetic variability of intermediate host snails (biomphalaria spp) is important because it allows identification of specific sequences of the genome of this mollusk related to susceptibility/resistance to schistosoma mansoni infection. we investigated brazilian albino (non-pigment ... | 2010 | 20677134 |
| clinical, laboratory and pathological findings in dogs experimentally infected with angiostrongylus vasorum. | the aim of this comparative study was to investigate the development of clinical signs and accompanying haematological, coproscopic and pathological findings as a basis for the monitoring of health condition of angiostrongylus vasorum infected dogs. six beagles were orally inoculated with 50 (n=3) or 500 (n=3) a. vasorum third stage larvae (l3) obtained from experimentally infected biomphalaria glabrata snails. two dogs were treated with moxidectin/imidacloprid spot-on solution and two further d ... | 2010 | 20700604 |
| carbohydrate metabolism alterations in biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni and exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex. | this paper evaluates the alterations in the glycogen content of tissues (digestive gland and cephalopedal mass) and glucose in the haemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata bh strain infected with schistosoma mansoni bh strain and exposed to the latex of euphorbia splendens var. hislopii. a reduction in the glycogen deposits was observed in infected snails exposed and not exposed to latex. however, the exposure to latex caused a greater depletion of the glycogen levels in both sites analysed, especial ... | 2010 | 20721497 |
| the effect of early infection with echinostoma paraensei on the interaction of schistosoma mansoni with biomphalaria glabrata and biomphalaria tenagophila. | infection caused by the trematode echinostoma paraensei has been shown to interfere in the natural resistance to infection by schistosoma mansoni. biomphalaria glabrata is susceptible to infection, while taim isolate biomphalaria tenagophila is resistant to infection by s. mansoni. these two snail species were assessed for infection with e. paraensei two days after exposure to s. mansoni miracidia. the number of b. tenagophila and b. glabrata infected with e. paraensei was lower in co-infected g ... | 2010 | 20721499 |
| phylogenetic analysis of biomphalaria tenagophila (orbigny, 1835) (mollusca: gastropoda). | mitochondrial dna of biomphalaria tenagophila, a mollusc intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni in brazil, was sequenced and characterised. the genome size found for b. tenagophila was 13,722 bp and contained 13 messenger rnas, 22 transfer rnas (trna) and two ribosomal rnas (rrna). in addition to sequencing, the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) genome organization of b. tenagophila was analysed based on its content and localization of both coding and non-coding regions, regions of gene overlap and tr ... | 2010 | 20721500 |
| rural tourism: a risk factor for schistosomiasis transmission in brazil. | this paper reports an outbreak of acute schistosomiasis among 38 tourists who rented a country house in the district of igarapé, the metropolitan region of belo horizonte, brazil, during a holiday period in 2006. a total number of 32 individuals were positive for schistosoma mansoni. results of stool examinations revealed individual s. mansoni egg counts per gram of faeces (epg) ranging from 4-768 epg with a geometric mean egg count of 45. the most frequent clinical symptoms were abdominal pain ... | 2010 | 20721505 |
| factors related to transmission of and infection with schistosoma mansoni in a village in the south-eastern region of brazil. | in this transversal study, factors related to infection with and transmission of schistosoma mansoni were explored. based on stool examinations of two kato-katz smears of a single sample, the prevalences of schistosomiasis and geohelminths were established. in a multivariable analysis, sets of demographic, socio-economic and water contact pattern variables were tested for strength of relation with infection. males presented a 3.39-times higher risk for infection than females. the age groups betw ... | 2010 | 20721510 |
| fish on chromosomes derived from the snail model organism biomphalaria glabrata. | the application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) for the mapping of single copy genes onto homologous chromosome has been integral to vast number genome sequencing projects, such as that of mouse and human. the chromosomes of these organisms are well-studied and are the staple resource of most of the early studies conducted in cytogenetics. however, there are now protocols for analyzing fish probes in a number of different organisms on both metaphase and interphase chromosomes.here, ... | 2010 | 20809328 |
| a large repertoire of parasite epitopes matched by a large repertoire of host immune receptors in an invertebrate host/parasite model. | for many decades, invertebrate immunity was believed to be non-adaptive, poorly specific, relying exclusively on sometimes multiple but germ-line encoded innate receptors and effectors. but recent studies performed in different invertebrate species have shaken this paradigm by providing evidence for various types of somatic adaptations at the level of putative immune receptors leading to an enlarged repertoire of recognition molecules. fibrinogen related proteins (freps) from the mollusc biompha ... | 2010 | 20838648 |
| non-random organization of the biomphalaria glabrata genome in interphase bge cells and the spatial repositioning of activated genes in cells co-cultured with schistosoma mansoni. | biomphalaria glabrata is a major intermediate host for the parasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of human schistosomiasis. to decipher the molecular basis of this host-parasite interaction, the bge embryonic cell line provides a unique in vitro model system to assess whether interactions between the snail and parasite affect the cell and genome biology in either organism. the organization of the b. glabrata genome in bge cells was studied using image analysis through positio ... | 2011 | 20849859 |
| changes in the reproductive biology of biomphalara glabrata infected with different doses of echinostoma paraensei miracidia. | the egg-laying rate, number of egg masses, number of eggs/mass, number of eggs hatched/snail and egg viability of biomphalaria glabrata exposed to different doses (5 and 50) of echinostoma paraensei miracidia were analyzed as indicators of reproductive activity. polystyrene plates were placed in aquariums containing the snails and every other day for four weeks after infection the plates were removed to count the number of egg masses and eggs laid. after this, the plates were numbered individual ... | 2011 | 20850448 |
| involvement of the cytokine mif in the snail host immune response to the parasite schistosoma mansoni. | we have identified and characterized a macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) family member in the lophotrochozoan invertebrate, biomphalaria glabrata, the snail intermediate host of the human blood fluke schistosoma mansoni. in mammals, mif is a widely expressed pleiotropic cytokine with potent pro-inflammatory properties that controls cell functions such as gene expression, proliferation or apoptosis. here we show that the mif protein from b. glabrata (bgmif) is expressed in circulating ... | 2010 | 20886098 |
| the influence of exposure to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex on the concentrations of total proteins and nitrogen products in biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni. | the aim of this work was to analyze the content of total protein and nitrogen degradation products in biomphalaria glabrata infected with schistosoma mansoni and exposed to euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex. the lc(50) of this latex was 1.0mg/l. concentrations of uric acid, urea and total proteins were determined in the hemolymph of b. glabrata infected with five s. mansoni miracidia and exposed to a sublethal concentration of e. splendens var. hislopii latex for 24h. the exposure to this ... | 2010 | 21055383 |
| role for a somatically diversified lectin in resistance of an invertebrate to parasite infection. | invertebrates lack adaptive immune systems homologous to those of vertebrates, yet it is becoming increasingly clear that they can produce diversified antigen recognition molecules. we have previously noted that the snail biomphalaria glabrata produces a secreted lectin, fibrinogen-related protein 3 (frep3), unusual among invertebrate defense molecules because it is somatically diversified by gene conversion and point mutation. here we implicate frep3 in playing a central role in resistance to a ... | 2010 | 21084634 |
| an example of molecular co-evolution: reactive oxygen species (ros) and ros scavenger levels in schistosoma mansoni/biomphalaria glabrata interactions. | the co-evolution between hosts and parasites involves huge reciprocal selective pressures on both protagonists. however, relatively few reports have evaluated the impact of these reciprocal pressures on the molecular determinants at the core of the relevant interaction, such as the factors influencing parasitic virulence and host resistance. here, we address this question in a host-parasite model that allows co-evolution to be monitored in the field: the interaction between the mollusc, biomphal ... | 2011 | 21329695 |
| [schistosomiasis prevalence in tutóia village, maranhão, brazil]. | schistosomiasis mansoni is an endemic disease in underdeveloped or developing countries. the study aimed to define schistosomiasis prevalence in bom gosto village, tutóia, maranhão, in 2008 and detect intermediate host occurrence. | 2011 | 21340417 |
| evaluation of the antischistosomal activity of sulfated a-d-glucan from the lichen ramalina celastri free and encapsulated into liposomes. | the antischistosomal activity of the sulfated polysaccharide a-d-glucan (glu.so(4)) extracted from ramalina celastri was evaluated after encapsulation into liposomes (glu.so(4)-lipo) in schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. the effect of treatment with glu.so(4) and glu.so(4)-lipo (10 mg/kg) on egg elimination, worm burden and hepatic granuloma formation was assessed using female albino swiss mice, 35-40 days of age, weighing 25 ± 2 g, infected with 150 cercariae/animal (biomphalaria glabrata, bh s ... | 2011 | 21344137 |
| transmission dynamics of two strains of schistosoma mansoni utilizing novel intermediate and definitive hosts. | the intimate host-parasite relationship mandates adaptation to the genetic and phenotypic variability of their counterparts. here, inbred and outcrossed strains of schistosoma mansoni were challenged with "local" and "novel" intermediate and definitive hosts to examine effects of genetic variability and novelty on infection success and dynamics. genetically distinct lines of biomphalaria glabrata intermediate hosts exposed to inbred and outcrossed s. mansoni larvae were assessed for differences ... | 2011 | 21369763 |
| stable molluscicide formulation of an aqueous extract of euphorbia myrsinites. | aqueous extracts of euphorbia myrsinites l. (euphorbiaceae) were tested for molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata; lc(50) values of 15.1 and 8.9?ppm were obtained for the stem and leaf extracts, respectively, which are within the who limit for an effective molluscicide. however, the extracts were found to be unstable at room temperature and the level of activity fell rapidly (about 50% after 7?days at 20?°c). moreover, the extracts were shown to be cytotoxic and would thus, if use ... | 2011 | 21413091 |
| chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal and free-radical scavenging activities of the leaves of ficus radicans 'variegata' (moraceae). | the methanol crude extract of the leaves of ficus radicans roxb. 'variegata' (moraceae) and the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol fractions resulting from its fractionation were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, molluscicidal and free-radical scavenging activities. the crude extract and fractions exhibited significant inhibition of inflammation in both croton oil (co)-induced ear oedema in mice (p < 0.001) and carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema models (p < 0.01). the molluscicida ... | 2011 | 21424983 |
| lipid levels in biomphalaria glabrata infected with different doses of echinostoma paraensei miracidia. | the effect of experimental exposure of biomphalaria glabrata to different doses (5 and 50) of echinostoma paraensei miracidia on the total levels of cholesterol and triglycerides circulating in the hemolymph and the neutral lipids in the digestive gland-gonad (dgg) complex were studied. the snails were dissected one, two, three and four weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph and dgg tissue, to measure the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the hemolymph and neutral lipids in the ... | 2011 | 21439956 |
| biomphalaria species in alexandria water channels. | of the several species of biomphalaria snails worldwide that serve as the intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni, biomphalaria alexandrina is a species that is indigenous to egypt. recently, there has been much debate concerning the presence of biomphalaria glabrata and the hybrid of the species with biomphalaria alexandrina. due to this debate, the absence of a clear explanation for the presence of b. glabrata in egyptian water channels and the probability that they may be reintroduced, we c ... | 2011 | 21458594 |
| molluscicidal metabolites from an assemblage of palmyra atoll cyanobacteria. | molluscicides can play an important role in the control of schistosomiasis because snails of the genus biomphalaria act as intermediate hosts for the parasite. schistosomiasis is one of 13 neglected tropical diseases with high morbidity and mortality that collectively affect one billion of the world's poorest population, mainly in developing countries. thiopalmyrone (1) and palmyrrolinone (2), metabolites isolated from extracts of a palmyra atoll environmental assemblage of two cyanobacteria, cf ... | 2011 | 21473610 |
| recombinant functional multidomain hemoglobin from the gastropod biomphalaria glabrata. | the extracellular hemoglobin multimer of the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of the human parasite schistosoma mansoni, is presumed to be a 1.44 mda complex of six 240 kda polypeptide subunits, arranged as three disulfide-bridged dimers. the complete amino acid sequence of two subunit types (bghb1 and bghb2), and the partial sequence of a third type (bghb3) are known. each subunit encompasses 13 paralogus heme domains, and n-terminally a smaller plug domain responsible f ... | 2011 | 21491558 |
| incompatibility between miracidia of schistosoma mansoni and helisoma duryi occurs at two stages: penetration and intramolluscan establishment. | abstract helisoma spp. snails are not susceptible to infection with miracidia of schistosoma mansoni because the miracidia do not penetrate them. however, in view of the phylogenetic proximity and histocompatibility between helisoma and the normal intermediate host, biomphalaria glabrata, schistosome miracidia conceivably could survive if experimentally introduced into the hemocoel of helisoma. to test this hypothesis, schistosome-susceptible nih albino b. glabrata, schistosome-resistant salvado ... | 2011 | 21506822 |
| a simple method for culturing neonatal biomphalaria glabrata snails. | abstract abstract:a simplified method for the culture of neonatal biomphalaria glabrata snails on a diet of the cyanobacteria nostoc sp. has been developed. previously, nostoc sp. used to feed neonatal snails was grown on a mud-based medium, which is difficult to prepare and gives inconsistent growth between laboratories due to variation in the soil used in its preparation. here, we report the use of bg-11 medium supplemented with sodium nitrate for the culture of nostoc sp. as a food source for ... | 2011 | 21506830 |
| effect of crude lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli o127:b8 on the amebocyte-producing organ of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca). | lipopolysaccharide (lps) is a pathogen associated molecular pattern (pamp) to which the internal defense system (ids) of both vertebrates and invertebrates responds. we measured the mitotic response of the hematopoietic tissue of the schistosome-transmitting snail, biomphalaria glabrata, to crude lps from escherichia coli 0127:b8. in a dose-response study, snails were injected with a range of concentrations of crude lps, and mitotic figures were enumerated in histological sections of amebocyte-p ... | 2011 | 21530581 |
| susceptibility of non-target invertebrates to brazilian microbial pest control agents. | microbial pest control agents or entomopathogens have been considered an interesting alternative to use instead of chemical insecticides. knowledge of ecotoxicity data is very important to predict the hazard of any product released in the environment and subsidize the regulation of these products by governmental agencies. in the present study four new brazilian strains of bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate their acute toxicity to the microcrustacean daphnia similis, the snail biomph ... | 2011 | 21533653 |
| schistosoma mansoni: a method for inducing resistance to praziquantel using infected biomphalaria glabrata snails. | to elucidate the mechanisms of antischistosoma resistance, drug-resistant schistosoma mansoni laboratory isolates are essential. we developed a new method for inducing resistance to praziquantel (pzq) using successive drug treatments of biomphalaria glabrata snails infected with s. mansoni. infected b. glabrata were treated three times with 100 mg/kg pzq for five consecutive days with a one-week interval between them. after the treatment, the cercariae (le-pzq) produced from these snails and the ... | 2011 | 21537673 |
| biochemical profile of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda) after infection by echinostoma paraensei (trematoda: echinostomatidae). | the effect of infection by echinostoma paraensei on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata were investigated after exposure to five or 50 miracidia. the biochemical concentrations were measured weekly until the end of the fourth week after exposure. there was a significant decrease in the concentrations of total proteins in the snails expo ... | 2011 | 21537991 |
| experimental exposure of helisoma trivolvis and biomphalaria glabrata (gastropoda) to ribeiroia ondatrae (trematoda). | abstract experimental infections provide an important foundation for understanding host responses to parasites. while infections with ribeiroia ondatrae cause mortality and malformations in a wide range of amphibian second intermediate host species, little is known about how the parasite affects its snail first intermediate hosts or even what species can support infection. in this study, we experimentally exposed helisoma trivolvis, a commonly reported host of r. ondatrae, and biomphalaria glabr ... | 2011 | 21671721 |
| polyethyleneimine (pei) mediated sirna gene silencing in the schistosoma mansoni snail host, biomphalaria glabrata. | an in vivo, non-invasive technique for gene silencing by rna interference (rnai) in the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, has been developed using cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (pei) mediated delivery of long double-stranded (ds) and small interfering (si) rna. cellular delivery was evaluated and optimized by using a 'mock' fluorescent sirna. subsequently, we used the method to suppress expression of cathepsin b (cathb) with either the corresponding sirna or dsrna of this transcript. in additio ... | 2011 | 21765961 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum: experimental infection and larval development in omalonyx matheroni. | the susceptibility and suitability of omalonyx matheroni as an intermediate host of angiostrongylus vasorum and the characteristics of larval recovery and development were investigated. mollusks were infected, and from the 3rd to the 25th day after infection, larvae were recovered from groups of 50 individuals. the first observation of l2 was on the 5th day, and the first observation of l3 was on the 10th day. from the 22nd day on, all larvae were at the l3 stadium. larval recovery varied from 7 ... | 2011 | 21687642 |
| influence of echinostoma paraensei (lie and basch, 1967) infection on the calcium content in biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | the calcium content in the hemolymph and shell of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) was determined after exposure to different parasite burdens (5 and 50 miracidia) of echinostoma paraensei (lie and basch, 1967). the snails were dissected 1, 2, 3, and 4weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph and shell. an increase in calcemia was observed in snails infected with both miracidial doses. a significant decrease in the calcium ions in the shell was observed, coinciding with the calcemia peak i ... | 2011 | 21820434 |
| interaction between primary and secondary sporocysts of schistosoma mansoni and the internal defence system of biomphalaria resistant and susceptible to the parasite. | the outcome of the interaction between biomphalaria and schistosoma mansoni depends on the response of the host internal defence system (ids) and the escape mechanisms of the parasite. the aim of this study was to evaluate the responsiveness of the ids (haemocytes and soluble haemolymph factors) of resistant and susceptible biomphalaria tenagophila lineages and biomphalaria glabrata lineages in the presence of in vitro-transformed primary sporocysts and secondary sporocysts obtained from infecte ... | 2011 | 21739029 |
| recovery of primary sporocysts in vivo in the schistosoma mansoni/biomphalaria glabrata model using a simple fixation method suitable for extraction of genomic dna and rna. | detailed studies of host/parasite interactions are currently limited because in situ gene sequencing or monitoring of parasite gene expression is so far limited to genes presenting a high loci copy number in the schistosome genome or a high level of expression. indeed, how to investigate the host parasite molecular interplay when parasites are not directly accessible in vivo? here we describe a method to circumvent this problem and to analyze dna and rna of schistosoma mansoni during the interac ... | 2011 | 21726555 |
| identification and characterization of five transcription factors that are associated with evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathways in the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata. | innate immunity consists of humoral and cellular components that play a vital role in regulation of defense responses to various pathogens in vertebrates and invertebrates. recent studies have shown that rel/dif (dorsal-related immunity factor), relish, stat (signal transducer and activator of transcription) and creb (camp response element-binding protein) transcription factor associated pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the animal kingdom. although the primary role and general struct ... | 2011 | 21696828 |
| mate choice, frequency dependence, and the maintenance of resistance to parasitism in a simultaneous hermaphrodite. | biomphalaria glabrata are simultaneous hermaphroditic freshwater snails that act as intermediate hosts for the macroparasitic trematode schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of schistosomiasis. heritability and strain-specificity of both snail resistance and susceptibility to schistosome infection have been demonstrated, genetic variability for which is maintained, in part, through trade-offs between high fitness costs associated with infection and those associated with resistance. however, des ... | 2006 | 21672753 |
| Compatibility polymorphism in snail/schistosome interactions: From field to theory to molecular mechanisms. | Coevolutionary dynamics in host-parasite interactions potentially lead to an arms race that results in compatibility polymorphism. The mechanisms underlying compatibility have remained largely unknown in the interactions between the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni, one of the agents of human schistosomiasis. This review presents a combination of data obtained from field and laboratory studies arguing in favor of a matching phenotype model to explain compatibility polymorphism ... | 2011 | 21945832 |
| MIF from mussel: Coding sequence, phylogeny, polymorphism, 3D model and regulation of expression. | Three macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-related sequences were identified from a Mytilus galloprovincialis EST library. The consensus sequence included a 5'-UTR of 32 nucleotides, the complete ORF of 345 nucleotides, and a 3'-UTR of 349 nucleotides. As for other MIFs, M. galloprovincialis ORF does not include any signal or C-terminus extensions. The translated sequence of 115 amino acids possesses a molecular mass of 12,681.4, a pI of 6.27 and a stability index of 21.48. Its 3D struct ... | 2011 | 22085783 |
| Morphological characterization of hemocytes from Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea. | Biomphalaria glabrata and Biomphalaria straminea have been identified as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma mansoni. Several studies have found two cell types in the hemolymph of B. glabrata (hyalinocytes and granulocytes). However, there are no studies describing the hemocytes of B. straminea. With the aim of further describing the hemocyte subsets in B. glabrata and B. straminea, we conducted a detailed study using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Based on the morpholog ... | 2012 | 21999907 |
| participation of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine carbohydrate moieties in the recognition of schistosoma mansoni sporocysts by haemocytes of biomphalaria tenagophila. | lectin-carbohydrate binding may be involved in the recognition of schistosoma mansoni sporocysts by haemocytes of biomphalaria; therefore, we tested if this interaction is associated with snail resistance against schistosoma infection. in vitro data showed that most of the s. mansoni sporocysts cultured with haemocytes from biomphalaria glabrata bh, a highly susceptible snail strain, had a low number of cells that adhered to their tegument and a low mortality rate. moreover, the addition of n-ac ... | 2011 | 22124562 |
| bioactivity evaluation of plant extracts used in indigenous medicine against the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, and the larvae of aedes aegypti. | this investigation examined the molluscicidal and larvicidal activity of eight plants that are used in the traditional medicine of the pankararé indigenous people in the raso da catarina region, bahia state, brazil. the tested plants were chosen based on the results of previous studies. only those plants that were used either as insect repellents or to treat intestinal parasitic infections were included in the study. crude extracts (ces) of these plants were tested for their larvicidal activity ... | 2012 | 22194773 |
| towards an understanding of the epigenetics of schistosomes: a comparative epigenomic study. | as in perhaps all eukaryotes, schistosomes use a supplementary information transmitting system, the epigenetic inheritance system, to shape genetic information and to produce different phenotypes. in contrast to other important parasites, the study of epigenetic phenomena in schistosomes is still in its infancy. nevertheless, we are beginning to grasp what goes on behind the epigenetic scene in this parasite. we have developed techniques of native chromatin immunoprecipitation (n-chip) and assoc ... | 2011 | 22124554 |
| Molluscicidal activity of some marine substances against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca, Planorbidae). | Freshwater snails of the genus Biomphalaria play a major role as intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the etiologic agent of schistosomiasis. While Biomphalaria spp. control by molluscicides is one of the main strategies to reduce the snail population in infected areas, there are few effective molluscicides commercially available. Natural products may be considered as potentially useful and safe molluscicides. We have evaluated the molluscicidal activity of 12 extracts from ten marine orga ... | 2011 | 22205347 |
| changes in the reproductive biology of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with the nematode angiostrongylus cantonensis. | this study showed for the first time changes in the reproductive biology of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis. the values of all the parameters analyzed (total number of eggs, number of egg masses, number of eggs/mass, number of eggs/snail, percentage of viable eggs and galactogen content in albumen gland) changed with progressive infection. the results indicate the occurrence of partial parasitic castration of b. glabrata by a. cantonensis larvae, pr ... | 2011 | 21925506 |
| Cercarial transformation and in vitro cultivation of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomules. | Schistosome parasites are the causative agents of schistosomiasis, a chronically debilitating disease that affects over 200 million people globally and ranks second to malaria among parasitic diseases in terms of public health and socio-economic impact (1-4). Schistosome parasites are trematode worms with a complex life cycle interchanging between a parasitic life in molluscan and mammalian hosts with intervening free-swimming stages. Briefly, free-swimming cercariae infect a mammalian host by p ... | 2011 | 21876520 |
| the influence of adult worm age and definitive host on the transmission of echinostoma caproni: egg hatchability and miracidial infectivity. | we analysed the influence of different ages of echinostoma caproni adult worms reared in different definitive host-species on egg hatchability and miracidial infectivity. eggs obtained from 2-, 4- and 6-week-old adult worms collected from rats, hamsters and mice, hatched miracidia that were used to infect laboratory-reared specimens of biomphalaria glabrata. highest egg hatchability was obtained with eggs derived from hamsters and mice. egg hatchability did not seem to be affected by the age of ... | 2012 | 22216775 |
| morphological and morphometric study of cercariae and adult worms of schistosoma mansoni (slm strain) isolated from infected mice. | in northeastern brazil, the schistosomiasis is historically endemic and considered as a public health problem. the schistosoma mansoni são lourenço da mata (slm-pe, brazil) strain was used in several paper already published; however, morphological and morphometric studies about this strain was never done. in this work, scanning electron microscopy (sem) was used in morphological and morphometric analysis of cercariae and adult worms. cercariae were obtained from biomphalaria glabrata snails and ... | 2012 | 23263251 |
| identification of a repetitive element in the snail biomphalaria glabrata: relationship to the reverse transcriptase-encoding sequence in line-1 transposons. | bamhi-digested biomphalaria glabrata dna contains a repetitive 2.0-kb fragment which is readily discernible by ethidium bromide staining. we present evidence that this repetitive element is related at both the nucleotide and amino acid levels to long interspersed nuclear element (line)-like transposons. although comparable elements have been described in several invertebrates, this is the first report of a molluscan homologue. in common with line transposons, an open reading frame in the b. glab ... | 1997 | 1380940 |
| a new method for determining concentrations of endod-s (phytolacca dodecandra) in water during mollusciciding. | a hemolytic method was developed for the quantitative determination of oleanane saponin (endod-s) in phytolacca dodecandra (phytolaccaceae), a plant with potent molluscicidal properties. a chemical method based on thin-layer chromatography (tlc) was used as a control for comparison with a hemolysis test. standard curves for calibration of both tests of endod-s gave high correlation coefficients. the hemolysis method gave a correlation coefficient of 0.98 for saponin (endod-s) levels ranging from ... | 2004 | 2280058 |
| [molluscicide activity of some natural products on biomphalaria glabrata]. | the molluscicide activity of aqueous (macerated and boiled), hexanic and ethylic extracts of aristolochia brasiliensis, caesalpinia peltophoroides, caesalpinia pulcherrima, delonix regia, spathodea campanulata and tibouchina scrobiculata was evaluated in the laboratory. the solutions obtained from those extracts were tested on adults and egg masses of biomphalaria glabrata reared in the laboratory at 1, 10, 20, 100 and 1000 ppm concentrations. the most active of the extracts studied was d. regia ... | 2011 | 3796282 |
| everted preputium and swollen tentacles in biomphalaria glabrata: genetic studies. | | 2015 | 4413325 |
| structure and possible functional role of septate junctions in the ovotestis of a pond snail: inter-sertoli junctions. | junctions between sertoli cells, which form a continuous layer at the periphery of the 'acinus' in the ovotestis of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusc gastropod), have been studied with conventional sections, lanthanum impregnation, replicas and scanning analysis of unstained sections. extensive undulating septate junctions link sertoli cells, which surround the various stages of spermatid differentiation. the morphology of the pleated septate junctions here presented indicates a possible role as a ... | 2008 | 2582146 |
| response to the amoebocyte-producing organ of sensitized biomphalaria glabrata after exposure to echinostoma caproni miracidia. | | 2014 | 3968444 |
| [comparative breeding of helisoma duryi and biomphalaria glabrata in laboratory (mollusca, planorbidae)]. | | 1994 | 263671 |
| metabolism of 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid during embryonic development of the schistosomal vector biomphalaria glabrata. | 1. egg masses of the planorbid snail biomphalaria glabrata contain 2-aminoethylphosphonic acid (aep) in three different chemical environments, as determined by 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, giving signals at 20.9, 21.0 and 23.4 delta. 2. the signal at 21.0 delta decreased in intensity during embryonic development, whereas the other two did not change significantly. 3. the following relationship is suggested: extraembryonic aep--------intraembryonic aep--------phosphates. 4. ph tit ... | 2011 | 3427925 |
| esterification of cholesterol and cholesterol ester hydrolysis by the hemolymph of the mollusc biomphalaria glabrata. | | 2005 | 1253572 |
| effects of laurus nobilis (lauraceae) on biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818). | experiments were carried out using aqueous extracts from leaves and flowers of laurus nobilis on biomphalaria glabrata. treatments were performed on blastula stage (+/- 15 h after first cleavage) and on adult snails (11-18 mm). in both instances they were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of the extracts on snails (200 to 2500 ppm) and embryos (20 to 300 ppm) at 25 +/- 1 degree c. the embryos were observed for a period of 20 days after treatment and the snails for 10 days. results obt ... | 2012 | 3509189 |
| parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein lbp/bpi protects biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections. | vertebrate females transfer antibodies via the placenta, colostrum and milk or via the egg yolk to protect their immunologically immature offspring against pathogens. this evolutionarily important transfer of immunity is poorly documented in invertebrates and basic questions remain regarding the nature and extent of parental protection of offspring. in this study, we show that a lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability increasing protein family member from the invertebrate bi ... | 2013 | 24367257 |
| resistance of biomphalaria glabrata 13-16-r1 snails to schistosoma mansoni pr1 is a function of haemocyte abundance and constitutive levels of specific transcripts in haemocytes. | continuing transmission of human intestinal schistosomiasis depends on the parasite's access to susceptible snail intermediate hosts (often biomphalaria glabrata). transmission fails when parasite larvae enter resistant individuals in wild snail populations. the genetic basis for differences in snail susceptibility/resistance is being intensively investigated as a means to devise novel control strategies based on resistance genes. reactive oxygen species produced by the snail's defence cells (ha ... | 2014 | 24681237 |
| the primary role of fibrinogen-related proteins in invertebrates is defense, not coagulation. | in vertebrates, the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is an essential process that underlies the establishment of the supporting protein framework required for coagulation. in invertebrates, fibrinogen-domain-containing proteins play a role in the defense response generated against pathogens; however, they do not function in coagulation, suggesting that this role has been recently acquired. molecules containing fibrinogen motifs have been identified in numerous invertebrate organisms, and mos ... | 2010 | 21063081 |
| altered gene expression in the schistosome-transmitting snail biomphalaria glabrata following exposure to niclosamide, the active ingredient in the widely used molluscicide bayluscide. | in view of the call by the world health organization (who) for elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, use of molluscicides in snail control to supplement chemotherapy-based control efforts is likely to increase in the coming years. the mechanisms of action of niclosamide, the active ingredient in the most widely used molluscicides, remain largely unknown. a better understanding of its toxicology at the molecular level will both improve our knowledge of snail biology a ... | 2015 | 26452273 |
| 5-methyl-cytosine and 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine in the genome of biomphalaria glabrata, a snail intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni. | biomphalaria glabrata is the mollusc intermediate host for schistosoma mansoni, a digenean flatworm parasite that causes human intestinal schistosomiasis. an estimated 200 million people in 74 countries suffer from schistosomiasis, in terms of morbidity this is the most severe tropical disease after malaria. epigenetic information informs on the status of gene activity that is heritable, for which changes are reversible and that is not based on the dna sequence. epigenetic mechanisms generate va ... | 2013 | 23742053 |
| biomphalysin, a new β pore-forming toxin involved in biomphalaria glabrata immune defense against schistosoma mansoni. | aerolysins are virulence factors belonging to the β pore-forming toxin (β-pft) superfamily that are abundantly distributed in bacteria. more rarely, β-pfts have been described in eukaryotic organisms. recently, we identified a putative cytolytic protein in the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, whose primary structural features suggest that it could belong to this β-pft superfamily. in the present paper, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of this protein, which we call bi ... | 2013 | 23555242 |
| larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata of brazilian marine algae. | this study investigated the biological activities of five benthic marine algae collected from northeastern region of brazil. the tested activities included larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti, molluscicidal activity against biomphalaria glabrata, and toxicity against artemia salina. extracts of ulva lactuca (chlorophyta), padina gymnospora, sargassum vulgare (phaeophyta), hypnea musciformis, and digenea simplex (rhodophyta) were prepared using different solvents of increasing polarity, inc ... | 2014 | 24688787 |
| a shift from cellular to humoral responses contributes to innate immune memory in the vector snail biomphalaria glabrata. | discoveries made over the past ten years have provided evidence that invertebrate antiparasitic responses may be primed in a sustainable manner, leading to the failure of a secondary encounter with the same pathogen. this phenomenon called "immune priming" or "innate immune memory" was mainly phenomenological. the demonstration of this process remains to be obtained and the underlying mechanisms remain to be discovered and exhaustively tested with rigorous functional and molecular methods, to el ... | 2016 | 26735307 |
| a family of variable immunoglobulin and lectin domain containing molecules in the snail biomphalaria glabrata. | technical limitations have hindered comprehensive studies of highly variable immune response molecules that are thought to have evolved due to pathogen-mediated selection such as fibrinogen-related proteins (freps) from biomphalaria glabrata. freps combine upstream immunoglobulin superfamily (igsf) domains with a c-terminal fibrinogen-related domain (fred) and participate in reactions against trematode parasites. from rnaseq data we assembled a de novo reference transcriptome of b. glabrata to i ... | 2014 | 25451302 |
| identification and characterisation of functional expressed sequence tags-derived simple sequence repeat (essr) markers for genetic linkage mapping of schistosoma mansoni juvenile resistance and susceptibility loci in biomphalaria glabrata. | biomphalaria glabrata susceptibility to schistosoma mansoni has a strong genetic component, offering the possibility for investigating host-parasite interactions at the molecular level, perhaps leading to novel control approaches. the identification, mapping and molecular characterisation of genes that influence the outcome of parasitic infection in the intermediate snail host is, therefore, seen as fundamental to the control of schistosomiasis. to better understand the evolutionary processes dr ... | 2013 | 23643514 |
| three genes involved in the oxidative burst are closely linked in the genome of the snail, biomphalaria glabrata. | allelic variation at the cu-zn superoxide dismutase (sod1) locus has been shown to be associated with resistance of the snail, biomphalaria glabrata, to infection by the trematode parasite, schistosoma mansoni. sod1 catalyses the production of hydrogen peroxide, a known cytotoxic component of the oxidative burst used in defence against pathogens. in our laboratory population of b. glabrata, the most resistant allele at sod1 is over-expressed relative to the other two alleles. because hydrogen pe ... | 2012 | 23207063 |
| endogenous growth factor stimulation of hemocyte proliferation induces resistance to schistosoma mansoni challenge in the snail host. | digenean trematodes are a large, complex group of parasitic flatworms that infect an incredible diversity of organisms, including humans. larval development of most digeneans takes place within a snail (gastropoda). compatibility between snails and digeneans is often very specific, such that suitable snail hosts define the geographical ranges of diseases caused by these worms. the immune cells (hemocytes) of a snail are sentinels that act as a crucial barrier to infection by larval digeneans. he ... | 2016 | 27114544 |
| characterization of the bacterial microbiota of biomphalaria glabrata (say, 1818) (mollusca: gastropoda) from brazil. | roughly 200 000 000 people in 74 countries infected with schistosomes all share the fact that they came in contact freshwater harbouring infected snails. the aim of the study is to characterize the microbiota of wild and laboratory-reared snails of biomphalaria glabrata from pernambuco, brazil. the microbiota of these molluscs was identified biochemically by the vitek 2 automated microbiological system. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by the disc diffusion method with ß-lact ... | 2013 | 23488866 |
| withdrawn: alterations in the mitochondrial physiology of biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda) after experimental infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastongylidae). | this article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. the publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. the full elsevier policy on article withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. | 2016 | 27240754 |
| biochemical and histopathological alterations in biomphalaria glabrata due to co-infection by angiostrongylus cantonensis and echinostoma paraensei. | the effect of concurrent infection by echinostoma paraensei and angiostrongylus cantonensis on the activity of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) and the concentration of total proteins, uric acid and urea in the hemolymph of biomphalaria glabrata were investigated. additionally, histopathological studies were conducted to better understand the dynamics of ontogenic development of both helminths in the host and the possible biochemical effects. co-inf ... | 2014 | 24513030 |
| activation of anaerobic metabolism in biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda) experimentally infected by angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda, metastrongylidae) by high-performance liquid chromatography. | the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and the concentrations of glucose in the hemolymph and of glycogen in the digestive gland and cephalopedal mass of biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with angiostrongylus cantonensis were evaluated. additionally, high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was used to determine the hemolymph concentrations of some carboxylic acids (oxalic, piruvic, lactic and succinic). after one, two and three weeks of infection, the snails were dissected to co ... | 2014 | 24042059 |
| effects of infection by larvae of angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda, metastrongylidae) on the lipid metabolism of the experimental intermediate host biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca: gastropoda). | experimental infection of biomphalaria glabrata by angiostrongylus cantonensis induces significant changes in the concentrations of triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the hemolymph and of neutral lipids in the digestive gonad-gland (dgg) complex of the host snail. in this study, snails were dissected after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of infection to collect the hemolymph and dgg and to measure the levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the hemolymph and neutral lipid fractions in the tissues. the re ... | 2013 | 23377121 |