| prevalence and molecular detection of anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from puntarenas province, costa rica. | a study was conducted in 2008 to determine the prevalence of anaplasma and babesia infections in cattle in the puntarenas province of costa rica. blood samples were taken from a total of 449 cattle during the month of march at 30 farms in the region of espiritu santu, costa rica. commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were used to determine presence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, and real-time pcr was used to determine the presence of dna fr ... | 2012 | 22465150 |
| evaluating an indirect rmpsp enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine theileria infection in china. | bovine theileriosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by theileria annulata, theileria orientalis and theileria sinensis, is widespread in china and is a serious economic problem for the chinese livestock industry. in this study, recombinant major piroplasma surface proteins (mpsp) of t. annulata, t. orientalis and t. sinensis based on mpsp genes were expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the immunogenicity and specificity of the three purified recombinant mpsp proteins were evaluated wi ... | 2017 | 27942962 |
| identification of interchangeable cross-species function of elongation factor-1 alpha promoters in babesia bigemina and babesia bovis. | tick-borne babesia bigemina is responsible for acute and potentially lethal hemolytic disease in cattle. the development of genetic manipulation tools necessary to the better understanding of parasite biology is currently limited by the lack of a complete parasite genome and experimental tools such as transfection. effective promoters, required to regulate expression of transgenes, such as the elongation factor-1 alpha (ef-1α), have been identified in other apicomplexans such as babesia bovis an ... | 2016 | 27835993 |
| molecular assays reveal the presence of theileria spp. and babesia spp. in asian water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758) in the amazon region of brazil. | approximately 50% of buffalo herds in brazil are located in pará state in northern brazil. there are several properties where cattle and buffalo live and graze together, and thus, buffalo pathogens may threaten the health of cattle and vice versa. therefore, knowledge of infectious agents of buffalo is essential for maintaining healthy livestock. clinical disease caused by theileria and babesia parasites in the asian water buffalo is not common, although these animals may act as reservoir hosts, ... | 2016 | 27344507 |
| a promising new elisa diagnostic test for cattle babesiosis based on babesia bigemina apical membrane antigen-1. | babesiosis due to babesia bigemina is a relevant tick-borne disease, affecting cattle worldwide. many surface proteins of the pathogen including the apical membrane antigen 1 (ama-1) - have been analysed for vaccine and diagnostic purposes. this study focused on b. bigemina ama-1 and on its use for the assessment of diagnostic tests. after bioinformatic analyses, ama-1 codifying region was amplified and cloned into an expression vector used to induce protein synthesis in escherichia coli cells. ... | 2017 | 27033532 |
| identification and characterization of profilin antigen among babesia species as a common vaccine candidate against babesiosis. | we have characterized a member of the profilin (prof) family protein as a common antigen in three pathogens-babesia bovis (b. bovis), babesia bigemina (b. bigemina), and babesia microti (b. microti)-and evaluated its immunogenic and cross-protective properties against a challenge infection with b. microti in balb/c mice. the recombinant prof proteins of b. bovis, b. bigemina, and b. microti were successfully expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as soluble gst fusion proteins (rbboprof, rbbigp ... | 2016 | 27003460 |
| improvement of the cryopreservation method for the babesia gibsoni parasite by using commercial freezing media. | in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation under liquid nitrogen have already been reported and established for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina parasites. although the in vitro cultivation methods for babesia gibsoni have been reported and established, the cryopreservation methods for this parasite have not been established completely. in this paper, we compared several freezing media for the cryopreservation of b. gibsoni parasite. the cellbanker® series (1 plus and 2), stem-cellbanker®, and ... | 2016 | 26921519 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. | babesia spp. are apicomplexan protozoan parasites of the red blood cells of mammals and are transmitted by ticks. bovine babesiosis mainly caused by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina occurs worldwide, which is a great threat to animal health. microscopy examination is a gold standard for the diagnosis of babesiosis. however, its sensitivity is too low. this study was conducted to establish a simple, efficient and fast lamp-lfp method used for early diagnosis of animal babesiosis. lamp was devel ... | 2016 | 26921043 |
| babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qpcr in angus cattle from an endemic area of são paulo state, brazil. | the levels of infection by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina were estimated by absolute quantification through the quantitative pcr technique (qpcr). fifty-one contemporaneous angus cattle were evaluated on two occasions. the number of standard female rhipicephalus microplus ticks present on the left side of the body was counted and blood samples were drawn from the tail vein into tubes containing the anticoagulant edta. the blood samples were submitted to dna extraction and used to quantify th ... | 2016 | 26907097 |
| molecular and serological detection of babesia bovis- and babesia bigemina-infection in bovines and water buffaloes raised jointly in an endemic field. | babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are causative agents of bovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. babesia spp. infection adversely affects cattle health and can be fatal resulting in considerable economic loss worldwide. under endemic stability conditions, herds contain high numbers of chronically infected, asymptomatic carrier animals, in which no parasitemia is detected by microscopic blood smear examination. in addition to bovines, also water bu ... | 2016 | 26827869 |
| evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of enoxacin on babesia and theileria parasites. | enoxacin is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid used mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. also it has been shown recently that it may have cancer inhibiting effect. the primary antibabesial effect of enoxacin is due to inhibition of dna gyrase subunit a, and dna topoisomerase. in the present study, enoxacin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equ ... | 2016 | 26724376 |
| molecular survey of babesia infections in cattle from different areas of myanmar. | cattle babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide. the present study reports a molecular survey of babesia infections in cattle in myanmar. nested pcr assays based on the babesia bigemina apical membrane antigen-1 gene (ama-1) and b. bovis rhoptry associated protein-1 gene (rap-1) revealed that the overall percentage of b. bigemina and b. bovis infection were 9.8% (70/713) and 17.1% (122/713), respectively. a mixed infection was detected in 4.6% (33/713) of animals. an ... | 2016 | 26530983 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine babesia spp. and theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern thailand. | beef cattle production represents the largest cattle population in thailand. their productivity is constrained by tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. in this study, we determined the prevalence of babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria orientalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the genetic markers that were used for detection of the above parasites were sequenced to determine identities and similarity for babesia spp. and genetic diversity of t. orientalis. fur ... | 2016 | 26475202 |
| molecular and parasitological survey of bovine piroplasms in the black sea region, including the first report of babesiosis associated with babesia divergens in turkey. | clinical cases of babesiosis were evaluated, and the frequency of bovine babesia and theileria parasites was determined in cattle. blood samples and thin blood smears were collected from 23 cattle exhibiting clinical signs of babesiosis. in addition, tick and blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy cattle cograzing from the same area. egg masses obtained from fully engorged female ticks were included. dna isolated from blood and tick samples was screened for babesia and theileri ... | 2015 | 26336265 |
| co-immunization of cattle with a vaccine against babesiosis and lactobacillus casei increases specific igg1 levels to babesia bovis and b. bigemina. | the effect of lactobacillus casei administered along with a live attenuated vaccine vs. bovine babesiosis (vac) on induction of igg1 and igg2 antibodies to babesia bovis and babesia bigemina was assessed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) in bovines of an endemic babesiosis area before (day 0) and after vaccination (days 15 and 30). we previously reported that l. casei increases the efficiency of vac under controlled conditions and under extreme conditions in the field; however, th ... | 2015 | 25936971 |
| tick-borne diseases in syntopic populations of fallow deer (dama dama) and axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. | we harvested 21 fallow deer (dama dama) and 17 axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. two fallow deer were positive for babesia bigemina and one for babesia bovis. amplicons had the expected 170 and 291 base pairs and were identical to b. bigemina (s45366) and b. bovis (m38218), respectively. | 2015 | 25647599 |
| molecular and seroepidemiological survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections in cattle and water buffaloes in the central region of vietnam. | in the present study, a total of 137 blood samples were collected from cattle and water buffaloes in central region of vietnam and tested using nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) to determine the molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. in cattle, the prevalence of b. bovis and b. bigemina was 21.3% and 16.0% by npcr, 73.4% and 42.6% by elisa and 60.6% and 59.6% by ifa ... | 2014 | 25382466 |
| an epidemiological survey of bovine babesia and theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep in egypt. | cattle, buffaloes, and sheep are the main sources of meat and milk in egypt, but their productivity is thought to be greatly reduced by hemoprotozoan parasitic diseases. in this study, we analyzed the infection rates of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis, using parasite-specific pcr assays in blood-dna samples sourced from cattle (n=439), buffaloes (n=50), and sheep (n=105) reared in menoufia, behera, giza, and sohag provinces of egypt. in cattle, the p ... | 2015 | 25305419 |
| vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead. | summary bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoans babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia divergens commonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. here a comprehensive overview of currently used ... | 2014 | 25068315 |
| evaluation of the inhibitory effects of miltefosine on the growth of babesia and theileria parasites. | miltefosine, a membrane-active synthetic ether-lipid analogue, has antiproliferative and antiparasitic effects. in this study, the inhibitory effects of miltefosine were evaluated against three babesia species and theileria equi in vitro and against babesia microti in mice. the drug showed significant growth inhibition from an initial parasitemia of 1% for babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, and t. equi with ic50 values of 25, 10.2, 10.4, and 99 μm, respectively. complete inhibitio ... | 2014 | 24938827 |
| a pcr method targeting internal transcribed spacers: the simultaneous detection of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in cattle. | in this study, two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) of babesia bigemina and b. bovis isolates from china. the primers were used in a multiplex pcr to detect parasite dna in blood samples from cattle. there was no cross reactions with b. ovata, b. major, b. sp. kashi, theileria annulata, t. sergenti, t. sinensis or normal bovine dna. the sensitivity of multiplex pcr assay was 1 pg and 10 pg dna for b. bi ... | 2014 | 24570060 |
| diagnostic value of the recombinant tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r for surra in water buffaloes. | trypanosoma evansi infection, or surra, is currently affecting various species of animals, especially water buffaloes. since diagnosis is an important aspect of surra control, development of novel diagnostic antigens is of interest to implement and improve the currently utilized methods. our study evaluated the tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r in t. evansi antibody detection in water buffaloes. tegm6-4r-based elisa was performed with 20 positive and 8 negative controls and 484 field samples from w ... | 2014 | 24524896 |
| genetic characterization of babesia and theileria parasites in water buffaloes in sri lanka. | water buffaloes are thought to be the reservoir hosts for several hemoprotozoan parasites that infect cattle. in the present study, we surveyed sri lankan bred water buffaloes for infections with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis using parasite-specific pcr assays. when 320 blood-derived dna samples from water buffaloes reared in three different districts (polonnaruwa, mannar, and mullaitivu) of sri lanka were pcr screened, b. bovis, b. bigemina, and t ... | 2014 | 24365246 |
| artemisone inhibits in vitro and in vivo propagation of babesia bovis and b. bigemina parasites. | artemisone was evaluated, in in vitro and in vivo, for control of bovine babesiosis caused by babesia bigemina and babesia bovis parasites. in vitro, artemisone reduced parasitemia in a dose-dependent manner: the inhibitory effects increased gradually, reaching a maximum inhibition of 99.6% and 86.4% for b. bigemina and b. bovis, respectively 72 h after initiation of treatment with initial parasitemia of 0.5%. in calves infected with either b. bigemina or b. bovis artemisone treatment was well t ... | 2013 | 24184077 |
| inhibitory effect of allicin on the growth of babesia and theileria equi parasites. | allicin is an active ingredient of garlic that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. however, the inhibitory effects of allicin on babesia parasites have not yet been examined. in the present study, allicin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites and the in vivo growth of babesia microti in a mouse model. the in vitro growth of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, or theileria equi was inhibi ... | 2014 | 24173810 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in cattle and water buffalos under small-scale dairy farming in beheira and faiyum provinces, egypt. | in order to determine the molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis, a total of 247 blood samples were collected from cattle and water buffalos in beheira and faiyum provinces in egypt and examined by nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in cattle, the prevalence of b. bigemina and b. bovis was 5.30% and 3.97% by npcr and 10.60% and 9.27% by elisa, respectively, whereas those of water buffalos were 10.42% and 4.17 ... | 2013 | 24075417 |
| nested pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from peri-urban localities in gauteng province, south africa. | babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are tick-borne hemoparasites causing babesiosis in cattle worldwide. this study was aimed at providing information about the occurrence and geographical distribution of b. bovis and b. bigemina species in cattle from gauteng province, south africa. a total of 268 blood samples collected from apparently healthy animals in 14 different peri-urban localities were tested using previously established nested pcr assays for the detection of b. bovis and b. bigemina sp ... | 2014 | 24065081 |
| molecular characterization and antigenic properties of a novel babesia gibsoni glutamic acid-rich protein (bggarp). | identification and molecular characterization of babesia gibsoni proteins with potential antigenic properties are crucial for the development and validation of the serodiagnostic method. in this study, we isolated a cdna clone encoding a novel b. gibsoni 76-kda protein by immunoscreening of the parasite cdna library. computer analysis revealed that the protein presents a glutamic acid-rich region in the c-terminal. therefore, the protein was designated as b. gibsoni glutamic acid-rich protein (b ... | 2013 | 23968686 |
| molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis hemoparasites from cattle in south africa. | babesia parasites, mainly babesia bovis and b. bigemina, are tick-borne hemoparasites inducing bovine babesiosis in cattle globally. the clinical signs of the disease include, among others, anemia, fever and hemoglobinuria. babesiosis is known to occur in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in this study, we aim to provide information about the occurrence and phylogenetic relationship of b. bigemina and b. bovis species in cattle from different locations in nine provinces of south afr ... | 2013 | 23927555 |
| pcr detection and genetic diversity of bovine hemoprotozoan parasites in vietnam. | hemoprotozoan infections often cause serious production losses in livestock. in the present study, we conducted a pcr-based survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, theileria orientalis, trypanosoma evansi and trypanosoma theileri, using 423 dna samples extracted from blood samples of cattle (n=202), water buffaloes (n=43), sheep (n=51) and goats (n=127) bred in the hue and hanoi provinces of vietnam. with the exception of t. annulata and t. evansi, all other parasite speci ... | 2013 | 23856762 |
| differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion ccp family in babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria equi. | members of the ccp protein family have been previously described to be expressed on gametocytes of apicomplexan plasmodium parasites. knocking out plasmodium ccp genes blocks the development of the parasite in the mosquito vector, making the ccp proteins potential targets for the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine. apicomplexans babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are the causative agents of bovine babesiosis, and apicomplexan theileria equi causes equine piroplasmosis. bovine babesio ... | 2013 | 23844089 |
| molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. | bovine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused mainly by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina, which are associated to considerable economic losses in cattle herds worldwide. approximately 60% of buffalo herds in south america are located in northern brazil. little is known about the impact of babesiosis on buffalo herds in brazil. the present work aimed to verify the occurrence of b. bovis and b. bigemina in 542 water buffaloes in the state of pará, northern brazil, using molecular and serologi ... | 2013 | 23790545 |
| inhibitory effect of cyclophilin a from the hard tick haemaphysalis longicornis on the growth of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. | haemaphysalis longicornis is known as one of the most important ticks transmitting babesia parasites in east asian countries, including babesia ovata and babesia gibsoni, as well as theileria parasites. h. longicornis is not the natural vector of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. vector ticks and transmitted parasites are thought to have established unique host-parasite interaction for their survival, meaning that vector ticks may have defensive molecules for the growth control of parasites in ... | 2013 | 23532543 |
| epidemiological survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections of cattle in philippines. | a total of 250 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle in five provinces of philippines. dna was extracted from the samples and analyzed by nested pcr assays for an epidemiological survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections. out of the 250 samples, 27 (10.8%) and 16 (6.4%) were positive for b. bovis infection and b. bigemina infection, respectively. mixed infections were detected in a total of 4 samples (1.6%). our data provide baseline information regarding the ... | 2013 | 23470278 |
| evaluation of in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on babesia and theileria parasites. | fusidic acid known to has antibacterial, antifungal, and antimalarial activities. fusidic acid blocks translation elongation factor g gene in plasmodium falciparum. in the present study, the inhibitory effects of fusidic acid on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites were evaluated. the inhibitory effect of fusidic acid on the in vivo growth of babesia microti was also assessed. the in vitro growth of four babesia species that were tested was significantly inhibited (p<0.05) ... | 2013 | 22985928 |
| monitoring piroplasms infection in three cattle farms in minorca (balearic islands, spain) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis. | bovine piroplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases caused by parasites of the genera theileria and babesia. three friesian cattle farms (f1-f3) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis were selected in minorca (balearic islands, spain). blood samples were collected from 8 to 11 animals every two months throughout a year and, a newly developed multiplex dna bead-based suspension array based on the luminex(®) xmap technology was used to monitor for the presence of piroplasms. the assay i ... | 2012 | 22884914 |
| cloning and characterization of histone deacetylase from babesia bovis. | the effect of inhibitors of histone deacetylase (hdac) on apicomplexa has been previously reported with the discovery of apicidin, a cyclic tetrapeptide having broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity. in the current study, we expressed babesia bovis (b. bovis) recombinant-hdac 3 (rbbhdac3) as a gst-fusion protein in escherichia coli (e. coli) and found that it was antigenic. an antiserum against the recombinant protein was generated in mice. the mice serum demonstrated the presence of hdac in b. b ... | 2012 | 22818786 |
| a pcr-based survey of selected babesia and theileria parasites in cattle in sri lanka. | hemoprotozoan parasites are responsible for significant economic losses in cattle. we screened sri lankan cattle populations for the presence of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis, using species-specific pcr assays. out of 316 samples collected from animals in four different districts of sri lanka (nuwara eliya, polonnaruwa, ampara, and jaffna), 231 (73.1%) were positive for at least one parasite species. all four parasite species were detected among th ... | 2012 | 22673106 |
| molecular detection and identification of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle in northern thailand. | although babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections cause economic losses in the cattle industry in northern thailand, there is inadequate information on babesia isolates present in the area. therefore, to determine the prevalence and genetic relationship between babesia isolates, we screened 200 blood samples of cattle from chiang rai, chiang mai, and lumpang provinces of northern thailand. a nested polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting b. bovis spherical body protein 2 (bbosbp2) ... | 2012 | 22645033 |
| apicoplast-targeting antibacterials inhibit the growth of babesia parasites. | the apicoplast housekeeping machinery, specifically apicoplast dna replication, transcription, and translation, was targeted by ciprofloxacin, thiostrepton, and rifampin, respectively, in the in vitro cultures of four babesia species. furthermore, the in vivo effect of thiostrepton on the growth cycle of babesia microti in balb/c mice was evaluated. the drugs caused significant inhibition of growth from an initial parasitemia of 1% for babesia bovis, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic(50)s) ... | 2012 | 22391527 |
| comparison between conventional and molecular methods for diagnosis of bovine babesiosis (babesia bovis infection) in tick infested cattle in upper egypt. | ticks and tick-borne diseases are the main problems affecting the livestock production in egypt. bovine babesiosis has adverse effects on the animal health and production. a comparison of giemsa stained blood smears, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr (npcr) assays for detection of babesia bovis infection in egyptian baladi cattle (bos taurus) in reference to reverse line blot was carried out. the sensitivity of pcr and nested pcr (npcr) assays were 65 and 100 % respectively. giemsa ... | 2017 | 28316419 |
| a novel modified-indirect elisa based on spherical body protein 4 for detecting antibody during acute and long-term infections with diverse babesia bovis strains. | cattle persistently infected with babesia bovis are reservoirs for intra- and inter-herd transmission. since b. bovis is considered a persistent infection, developing a reliable, high-throughput assay that detects antibody during all stages of the infection could be pivotal for establishing better control protocols. | 2017 | 28193250 |
| putrescine: essential factor for in vitro proliferation of babesia bovis. | this study reports the effect of putrescine addition, either alone or in combination with insulin, transferrin and selenite (its), to serum-free advanced dmem/f12 (a-dmem/f12) medium, on the in vitro culture of babesia bovis and using a perfusion bioreactor to improve efficiency of the process. a b. bovis strain previously adapted to proliferate in serum-free medium (bbovis-sf) was evaluated using eight increasing concentrations of putrescine. the percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (ppe) obt ... | 2017 | 28153804 |
| analysis of stage-specific protein expression during babesia bovis development within female rhipicephalus microplus. | arthropod-borne protozoan pathogens have a complex life cycle that includes asexual reproduction of haploid stages in mammalian hosts and the development of diploid stages in invertebrate hosts. the ability of pathogens to invade, survive, and replicate within distinct cell types is required to maintain their life cycle. in this study, we describe a comparative proteomic analysis of a cattle pathogen, babesia bovis, during its development within the mammalian and tick hosts with the goal of iden ... | 2017 | 28152313 |
| neither quantification by qpcr nor quantitative elisa can be used to discriminate angus cattle for resistance/susceptibility to babesia bovis. | with the aim of finding quantitative phenotypic traits that can be used to discriminate the levels of resistance/susceptibility to babesia bovis, we estimated the repeatability and correlation between the level of infection, determined by the number of copies of a fragment of the gene that encodes cytochrome b (nc mt-cyb) of b. bovis, and the levels of the anti-b. bovis antibodies, in blood samples collected from 51 angus cattle on two different occasions. samples with the anticoagulant edta wer ... | 2017 | 28089650 |
| the apicoplast genomes of two taxonomic units of babesia from sheep. | the apicoplast (ap) is a unique, non-photosynthetic organelle found in most apicomplexan parasites. due to the essential roles that this organelle has, it has been widely considered as target for drugs against diseases caused by apicomplexans. exploring the ap genomes of such parasites would provide a better understanding of their systematics and their basic molecular biology for therapeutics. however, there is limited information available on the ap genomes of apicomplexan parasites. in the pre ... | 2017 | 27916258 |
| in vitro culture of babesia bovis in a bovine serum-free culture medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenite. | bovine serum is an important factor for the optimal growth of babesia bovis in vitro. this protozoan can be cultured in m-199 with earle's salts medium (m-199) supplemented with 40% bovine serum (bs). in the present study, four media were assessed along with the control medium m-199. the effect on the proliferation of b. bovis in vitro was tested when these media were combined with insulin (ins), transferrin (trans) and selenite (sel) in the absence of bovine serum. treatment with advanced dmem/ ... | 2016 | 27717771 |
| replication and maintenance of the plasmodium falciparum apicoplast genome. | members of the phylum apicomplexa are responsible for many devastating diseases including malaria (plasmodium spp.), toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii), babesiosis (babesia bovis), and cyclosporiasis (cyclospora cayetanensis). most apicomplexans contain a unique and essential organelle called the apicoplast. derived from an ancient chloroplast, the apicoplast replicates and maintains a 35 kilobase (kb) circular genome. due to its essential nature within the parasite, drugs targeted to proteins in ... | 2016 | 27338018 |
| evaluation of different heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies against babesia bovis using viral vectored and protein-adjuvant vaccines based on a chimeric multi-antigen. | protection against the intraerythrocytic bovine parasite babesia bovis requires both humoral and cellular immune responses. therefore, tailored combinations of immunogens targeted at both arms of the immune system are strategies of choice to pursue sterilizing immunity. in this study, different heterologous prime-boost vaccination schemes were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity induced by a recombinant adenovirus, a modified vaccinia ankara vector or a subunit vaccine all expressing ... | 2016 | 27269058 |
| involvement of tlr6 in the induction of cox-2, pge2 and il-10 in macrophages by lipids from virulent s2p and attenuated r1a babesia bovis strains. | toll like receptors (tlrs) are involved in the modulation of diverse host genes expression through a complex network of signalling events that allow for an appropriate response to a microbial pathogen. in the present work we used tlr6ko mice in order to study the role of tlr6 in the immune discrimination of lipids from two babesia bovis strains, attenuated r1a (la) and virulent s2p (lv), and the consequent macrophage activation. we demonstrated that tlr6 is required for lipid body induction in m ... | 2016 | 27198789 |
| genetic diversity and antigenicity variation of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1) in thailand. | babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, causes severe clinical disease in cattle worldwide. the genetic diversity of parasite antigens often results in different immune profiles in infected animals, hindering efforts to develop immune control methodologies against the b. bovis infection. in this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of the merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1) gene using 162 b. bovis-positive blood dna samples sourced from cattle populations reared in different ... | 2016 | 27101782 |
| identification and functional analysis of a novel mitochondria-localized 2-cys peroxiredoxin, bbtpx-2, from babesia bovis. | cysteine-based peroxidases, known as peroxiredoxins (prx) or thioredoxin peroxidases (tpx), are important antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, we identified a novel mitochondrial 2-cys prx, bbtpx-2, from a bovine babesia parasite, b. bovis. bbtpx-2 complementary dna (cdna) encodes a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues. this protein has a mitochondrial targeting peptide at the n-terminus and two conserved cysteine residues of ... | 2016 | 27095567 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of methionine aminopeptidase of babesia bovis as a potent drug target. | aminopeptidases are increasingly being investigated as therapeutic targets in various diseases. in this study, we cloned, expressed, and biochemically characterized a member of the methionine aminopeptidase (map) family from babesia bovis (b. bovis) to develop a potential molecular drug target. recombinant b. bovis map (rbvmap) was expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as a glutathione s-transferase (gst)-fusion protein, and we found that it was antigenic. an antiserum against the rbvmap prote ... | 2016 | 27084466 |
| rbc invasion and invasion-inhibition assays using free merozoites isolated after cold treatment of babesia bovis in vitro culture. | babesia bovis is an apicomplexan hemoprotozoan that can invade bovine red blood cells (rbcs), where it multiplies asexually. rbc invasion assays using free viable merozoites are now routinely used to understand the invasion mechanism of b. bovis, and to evaluate the efficacy of chemicals and antibodies that potentially inhibit rbc invasion by the parasite. the application of high-voltage pulses (high-voltage electroporation), a commonly used method to isolate free merozoites from infected rbcs, ... | 2016 | 26965399 |
| clofazimine inhibits the growth of babesia and theileria parasites in vitro and in vivo. | the present study evaluated the growth-inhibitory effects of clofazimine, currently used for treating leprosy, against babesia bovis, b. bigemina, b. caballi, and theileria equi in in vitro culture and against babesia microti in mice. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of clofazimine against the in vitro growth of b. bovis, b. bigemina, b. caballi, and t. equi were 4.5, 3, 4.3, and 0.29 μm, respectively. in mice infected with b. microti, treatment with 20 mg/kg of body weight of clofazimi ... | 2016 | 26883713 |
| characterization and annotation of babesia orientalis apicoplast genome. | babesia orientalis is an obligate intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of the buffalo (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758) transmitted by the tick rhipicephalus heamaphysaloides. it is the causative agent of water buffalo babesiosis, one of the most important pathogens of water buffalo in central and southern china. as a member of the phylum apicomplexa, b. orientalis possesses a relatively independent and alga originated organelle the apicoplast. apicoplasts in other apicomplexa parasites are invo ... | 2015 | 26474853 |
| integration of a transfected gene into the genome of babesia bovis occurs by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms. | this study examines the patterns of gene integration of gfp-bsd upon stable transfection into the t3bo strain of babesia bovis using a plasmid designed to integrate homologous sequences of the parasite's two identical ef-1α a and b genes. while the transfected bbotf-149-6 cell line displayed two distinct patterns of gene integration, clonal lines derived from this strain by cell sorting contained only single gfp-bsd insertions. whole genome sequencing of two selected clonal lines, e9 and c6, ind ... | 2015 | 26417662 |
| evaluating the babesia bovis infection of cattle in china with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | babesia bovis is an important pathogen of bovine babesiosis and causes serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. aiming to clarify the prevalence of b. bovis in china, a total of 2,364 cattle serum samples were randomly collected from 45 different areas of 17 provinces in china. antibodies against b. bovis were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a recombinant c-terminal antigen of b. bovis rhop ... | 2015 | 26408597 |
| identification and characterization of a novel 34 kda merozoite protein in babesia orientalis. | a novel babesia orientalis 34 kda protein (designated bop34) was obtained by immunoscreening of a cdna expression library using b. orientalis infected water buffalo serum. the complete nucleotide sequence of the bop34 was 1088 bp, which contained one open reading frame (orf), two untranslated regions (utrs) and a poly (a) tail. the length of orf was 933 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 310 aa with a predicted size of 34 kda. blast analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of bop34 had 71% simila ... | 2015 | 26169218 |
| molecular characterization of babesia bovis m17 leucine aminopeptidase and inhibition of babesia growth by bestatin. | the m17 leucine aminopeptidase (m17lap) enzymes of the other apicomplexan parasites have been characterized and shown to be inhibited by bestatin. though babesia bovis also belongs to the apicomplexan group, it is not known whether its m17lap could display similar biochemical properties as well as inhibition profile. to unravel this uncertainty, a b. bovis m17lap (bbm17lap) gene was expressed in escherichia coli , and activity of the recombinant enzyme as well as its inhibition by bestatin were ... | 2015 | 26057618 |
| shared elements of host-targeting pathways among apicomplexan parasites of differing lifestyles. | apicomplexans are a diverse group of obligate parasites occupying different intracellular niches that require modification to meet the needs of the parasite. to efficiently manipulate their environment, apicomplexans translocate numerous parasite proteins into the host cell. whereas some parasites remain contained within a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm) throughout their developmental cycle, others do not, a difference that affects the machinery needed for protein export. a signal-mediate ... | 2015 | 25996544 |
| transfection of babesia bovis by double selection with wr99210 and blasticidin-s and its application for functional analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase-1. | genetic manipulation is an essential technique to analyze gene function; however, limited methods are available for babesia bovis, a causative pathogen of the globally important cattle disease, bovine babesiosis. to date, two stable transfection systems have been developed for b. bovis, using selectable markers blasticidin-s deaminase (bsd) or human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr). in this work, we combine these two selectable markers in a sequential transfection system. specifically, a parent t ... | 2015 | 25962142 |
| iron superoxide dismutases in eukaryotic pathogens: new insights from apicomplexa and trypanosoma structures. | prior studies have highlighted the potential of superoxide dismutases as drug targets in eukaryotic pathogens. this report presents the structures of three iron-dependent superoxide dismutases (fesods) from trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania major and babesia bovis. comparison with existing structures from plasmodium and other trypanosome isoforms shows a very conserved overall fold with subtle differences. in particular, structural data suggest that b. bovis fesod may display similar resistance to p ... | 2015 | 25961325 |
| differentiation between israeli b. bovis vaccine strain and field isolates. | the present study demonstrated for the first time the ability to distinguish between the israeli babesia bovis vaccine strain and field isolates. the existence of an additional ecori restriction site in the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rap-1) gene, which is unique to the israeli vaccine strain, and the abolition of one of the haeiii restriction sites in the rap-1 gene of the vaccine strain enabled distinction between the israeli b. bovis vaccine strain and field isolates, and this was the basis ... | 2015 | 25636460 |
| genetic variations in merozoite surface antigen genes of babesia bovis detected in vietnamese cattle and water buffaloes. | the genes that encode merozoite surface antigens (msas) in babesia bovis are genetically diverse. in this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of b. bovis msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c genes in vietnamese cattle and water buffaloes. blood dna samples from 258 cattle and 49 water buffaloes reared in the thua thien hue province of vietnam were screened with a b. bovis-specific diagnostic pcr assay. the b. bovis-positive dna samples (23 cattle and 16 water buffaloes) were then subjected to pcr assa ... | 2015 | 25575442 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |
| co-transmission of the non-transmissible south african babesia bovis s24 vaccine strain during mixed infection with a field isolate. | the south african babesia bovis live blood vaccine, originating from a field isolate attenuated by 23 serial syringe passages in splenectomized calves, has lost the ability to infect the natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in this study, infection with mixed parasites from the vaccine strain and a field isolate, resulted in transmission of both genotype populations. comparing the field isolate and transmitted combination indicated no significant difference in their virulence, whi ... | 2015 | 25544307 |
| calcium ions are involved in egress of babesia bovis merozoites from bovine erythrocytes. | bovine babesiosis is a livestock disease known to cause economic losses in endemic areas. the apicomplexan parasite babesia bovis is able to invade and destroy the host's erythrocytes leading to the serious pathologies of the disease, such as anemia and hemoglobinuria. understanding the egress mechanisms of this parasite is therefore a key step to develop new therapeutic strategies. in this study, the possible involvement of ca(2+) in the egress of b. bovis merozoites from infected erythrocytes ... | 2015 | 25298241 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of babesia orientalis rhoptry-associated protein 1. | the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) gene of babesia orientalis was obtained from a cdna expression library by immunoscreening with b. orientalis-infected water buffalo sera. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna was 1732 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1434 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 478 amino acid residues with a predicted size of 52.5 kda. the orf was cloned into a pgex-kg plasmid and subsequently expressed as a gst-fusion protein. the recombinant rap-1 of b. orientalis (rborap-1) ... | 2014 | 25199690 |
| genetic polymorphism of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens-2 (msa-2) isolates from bovine blood and rhipicephalus annulatus ticks in israel. | this study demonstrated the genetic diversity among msa-2c, msa-2a1 and msa-2b proteins of babesia bovis isolates obtained from bovine blood and rhipicephalus annulatus tick samples. the least identities that were observed among the deduced amino acid sequences of msa-2c, msa-2a1 and msa-2b were 55, 63, and 71%, respectively. during the study four b. bovis calves, aged about 1 month, were found to be infected with virulent field strains and developed babesiosis. probably, the calves had received ... | 2014 | 25149097 |
| the babesia bovis gene and promoter model: an update from full-length est analysis. | babesia bovis is an apicomplexan parasite that causes babesiosis in infected cattle. genomes of pathogens contain promising information that can facilitate the development of methods for controlling infections. although the genome of b. bovis is publically available, annotated gene models are not highly reliable prior to experimental validation. therefore, we validated a preproposed gene model of b. bovis and extended the associated annotations on the basis of experimentally obtained full-length ... | 2014 | 25124460 |
| vaccine strategies against babesia bovis based on prime-boost immunizations in mice with modified vaccinia ankara vector and recombinant proteins. | in this study, a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara vector expressing a chimeric multi-antigen was obtained and evaluated as a candidate vaccine in homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunizations with a recombinant protein cocktail. the chimeric multi-antigen comprises immunodominant b and t cell regions of three babesia bovis proteins. humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity induced by different immunization schemes. the best vacc ... | 2014 | 24968152 |
| the gatekeeper residue and beyond: homologous calcium-dependent protein kinases as drug development targets for veterinarian apicomplexa parasites. | specific roles of individual cdpks vary, but in general they mediate essential biological functions necessary for parasite survival. a comparative analysis of the structure-activity relationships (sar) of neospora caninum, eimeria tenella and babesia bovis calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) together with those of plasmodium falciparum, cryptosporidium parvum and toxoplasma gondii was performed by screening against 333 bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis). structural modelling and experimental ... | 2014 | 24927073 |
| evaluation of a fluorescence-based method for antibabesial drug screening. | in vitro evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents against babesia and theileria parasites has become routine, and the effectiveness of these chemicals is usually determined by comparing the parasitemia dynamics of untreated and treated parasites. although microscopy is widely used to calculate parasitemia, several disadvantages are associated with this technique. the present study evaluated a fluorescence-based method using sybr green i stain (sg i) to screen antibabesial agents in in vitro culture ... | 2014 | 24914124 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel heat shock protein 20 of babesia orientalis. | the heat shock protein 20 (hsp20) gene of babesia orientalis (bohsp20) was identified from both genomic dna and cdna. the full-length bohsp20 gene was 690bp with one intron from position 88-243bp. the amplicon obtained from cdna corresponded to a full-length open reading frame (orf) with a length of 534bp, encoding a polypeptide of 178 amino acid residues with a predicted size of 20kda. the orf was cloned into a pet-28a plasmid and subsequently expressed as a his-fusion protein. the recombinant ... | 2014 | 24857770 |
| characterization of a functionally active recombinant 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase from babesia bovis. | the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs) enzyme has been characterized in other species, but not in the genus babesia, which causes major losses in the livestock industries worldwide. therefore, we isolated, cloned and expressed the wild-type b. bovis dxs cdna in escherichia coli and evaluated its enzymatic activity in vitro. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 2061 bp capable of encoding a polypeptide of 686 amino acid residues with a calculated isoelectric point of ... | 2014 | 24739240 |
| human exposure to piroplasms in central and northern italy. | ta serosurvey has been conducted in northern and central italy to investigate the presence in humans of antibodies against zoonotic babesia and theileria species. the study focused on a total of 432 volunteers, of which 290 were persistently exposed to tick bites because of their jobs (forester employees, livestock keepers, veterinary practitioners, farmers and hunters) and 142 resident in the same area less frequently exposed. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for humans was used to ... | 2014 | 24715592 |
| the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein repertoire of babesia bovis and its significance for erythrocyte invasion. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins are abundant on the surface of pathogenic protozoans and might play an important role for parasite survival. in the present work, the relevance of gpi-anchored proteins for erythrocyte invasion of the cattle hemoparasite babesia bovis was studied. we show that cleavage of gpi-anchored antigens from the merozoite parasite stage by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c abolished invasion of erythrocytes demonstrating the importance of this cla ... | 2014 | 24642346 |
| evidence for extensive genetic diversity and substructuring of the babesia bovis metapopulation. | babesia bovis is a tick-transmitted haemoprotozoan and a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, a cattle disease that causes significant economic loss in tropical and subtropical regions. a panel of nineteen micro- and minisatellite markers was used to estimate population genetic parameters of eighteen parasite isolates originating from different continents, countries and geographic regions including north america (mexico, usa), south america (argentina, brazil), the middle east (israel) and aust ... | 2013 | 24589113 |
| mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, and 7-nitroindole inhibit propagation of babesia parasites by targeting inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. | the resistance of babesia parasites to current anti-babesiosis drugs is an issue of major concern. the inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) of babesia gibsoni has been identified and characterized as a molecular drug target in our previous studies. in the present study, inhibitory effects of impdh inhibitors (mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, 7-nitroindole, and mycophenolic acid) were evaluated in vitro or in vivo. in the inhibition assay of recombinant b. gibsoni impdh act ... | 2014 | 24580148 |
| evaluation of the growth-inhibitory effect of trifluralin analogues on in vitro cultured babesia bovis parasites. | bovine babesiosis, caused by babesia bovis, is a global tick borne hemoprotozoan parasite disease characterized by fever, anemia, weight losses and ultimately death. several babesicidal drugs that have been in use in cattle for years have proven to be only partially effective and the development of alternative chemotherapeutics that are highly specific and have low toxicity against babesiosis is needed. trifluralin derivatives specifically bind alpha-tubulin in plants and protozoa parasites caus ... | 2013 | 24533294 |
| quantitative study of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from são paulo state, brazil. | the qpcr technique with sybr green was used to estimate the prevalence and level of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle raised in areas endemic for babesiosis in brazil, where the animals were continuously exposed to ticks (rhipicephalus microplus). this is the first report in which qpcr was used to quantify and compare b. bovis dna in blood of different cattle breeds. blood samples were collected from 150 animals (75 cows and 75 calves) of the angus and nelore breeds and the first generation ... | 2014 | 24522252 |
| molecular characterization of a new babesia bovis thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (bbtrap2). | a gene encoding a babesia bovis protein that shares significant degree of similarity to other apicomplexan thrombospondin-related anonymous proteins (traps) was found in the genomic database and designated as bbtrap2. recombinant protein containing a conserved region of bbtrap2 was produced in e. coli. a high antigenicity of recombinant bbtrap2 (rbbtrap2) was observed with field b. bovis-infected bovine sera collected from geographically different regions of the world. moreover, antiserum agains ... | 2013 | 24349483 |
| biochemical characterization of thioredoxin reductase from babesia bovis. | this paper addresses the identification, cloning, expression, purification and functional characterization of thioredoxin reductase from babesia bovis, the etiological agent of babesiosis. the work deals with in vitro steady state kinetic studies and other complementary analyses of the thioredoxin reductase found in the pathogenic protist. thioredoxin reductase from b. bovis was characterized as a homodimeric flavoprotein that catalyzes the nadph-dependent reduction of trx with a high catalytic ... | 2014 | 24239559 |
| genotypic diversity in babesia bovis field isolates and vaccine strains from south africa. | genotypic diversity in babesia bovis (cause of asiatic redwater in cattle) vaccine strains and field isolates from south africa were investigated using the bv80 gene as well as microsatellites. the s11 vaccine strain possessed both a and b alleles of the bv80 gene, as well as genotypic diversity within each allele type as defined by repeat variation resulting in different amplicon sizes. rapid serial passage of vaccine strain from passage s10 to s24 resulted in loss of genotypic diversity that y ... | 2014 | 24231390 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of geographically distinct virulent and attenuated babesia bovis strains reveals similar gene expression changes through attenuation. | loss of virulence is a phenotypic adaptation commonly seen in prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens. this mechanism is not well studied, especially in organisms with multiple host and life cycle stages such as babesia, a tick-transmitted hemoparasite of humans and animals. b. bovis, which infects cattle, has naturally occurring virulent strains that can be reliably attenuated in vivo. previous studies suggest the virulence loss mechanism may involve post-genomic modification. we investigated the ... | 2013 | 24195453 |
| babesia bovis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (bbodhodh) is a novel molecular target of drug for bovine babesiosis. | the emergence of drug resistance and adverse side effects of current bovine babesiosis treatment suggest that the search of new drug targets and development of safer and effective compounds are required. this study focuses on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhodh), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a potential drug target for bovine babesiosis. recombinant babesia bovis dhodh protein (rbbodhodh) was produced in escherichia coli and used for characterization and measurement of ... | 2014 | 24189582 |
| specific antibody to a conserved region of babesia apical membrane antigen-1 inhibited the invasion of b. bovis into the erythrocyte. | apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) is a microneme protein that exists in all apicomplexan parasites and plays an indispensable role in the invasion into host cell. central region of ectodomains i and ii of babesia bovis apical membrane antigen-1 (bbama-1p) is highly conserved with these of babesia species and may be beneficial for vaccine development against babesiosis. in the present study, recombinant protein encoding the central region of b. bovis ama-1 (rbbama-1p) was produced in escherichia ... | 2013 | 24090565 |
| diversity of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen genes in the philippines. | babesia bovis is the causative agent of fatal babesiosis in cattle. in the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of b. bovis among philippine cattle, based on the genes that encode merozoite surface antigens (msas). forty-one b. bovis-positive blood dna samples from cattle were used to amplify the msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c genes. in phylogenetic analyses, the msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c gene sequences generated from philippine b. bovis-positive dna samples were found in six, three, ... | 2014 | 24042058 |
| the molecular prevalence and msa-2b gene-based genetic diversity of babesia bovis in dairy cattle in thailand. | bovine babesiosis is an economically significant disease that affects dairy farming operations in thailand. in the present study, 1824 blood-dna samples prepared from cattle bred in 4 different regions of the country (north, northeast, central, and south) were screened using a nested pcr for the specific detection of babesia bovis. while the overall prevalence of b. bovis was 8.8%, the central region of thailand was found to be a high-risk area of the country, as the prevalence of the parasite w ... | 2013 | 23953761 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr assay based on the single-copy sag1 gene for the detection of toxoplasma gondii. | real-time pcr-based detection of toxoplasma gondii is very sensitive and convenient for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. however, the performance of the pcr assays could be influenced by the target gene chosen. here we evaluate a real-time pcr assay using double-stranded dna dyes (sybr(®) green i assay) with a new set of primers targeting the sag1 gene for the fast and specific detection of t. gondii. the assay showed higher sensitivity than conventional pcr protocols using t. gondii dna as template. t ... | 2013 | 23867074 |
| the genetic diversity of merozoite surface antigen 1 (msa-1) among babesia bovis detected from cattle populations in thailand, brazil and ghana. | in the present study, we screened blood dna samples obtained from cattle bred in brazil (n=164) and ghana (n=80) for babesia bovis using a diagnostic pcr assay and found prevalences of 14.6% and 46.3%, respectively. subsequently, the genetic diversity of b. bovis in thailand, brazil and ghana was analyzed, based on the dna sequence of merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1). in thailand, msa-1 sequences were relatively conserved and found in a single clade of the phylogram, while brazilian msa-1 seq ... | 2013 | 23856760 |
| genetic diversity of merozoite surface antigens in babesia bovis detected from sri lankan cattle. | babesia bovis, the causative agent of severe bovine babesiosis, is endemic in sri lanka. the live attenuated vaccine (k-strain), which was introduced in the early 1990s, has been used to immunize cattle populations in endemic areas of the country. the present study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversity of merozoite surface antigens (msas) in b. bovis isolates from sri lankan cattle, and to compare the gene sequences obtained from such isolates against those of the k-strain. forty-fou ... | 2013 | 23851021 |
| loss of neurovirulence is associated with reduction of cerebral capillary sequestration during acute babesia bovis infection. | severe neurological signs that develop during acute infection by virulent strains of babesia bovis are associated with sequestration of infected erythrocytes in cerebral capillaries. serial passage of virulent strains in cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. we evaluated whether serial passage also results in a loss of cerebral capillary sequestration by examining brain biopsies during acute disease and at necropsy. | 2013 | 23777713 |
| gut transcriptome of replete adult female cattle ticks, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a babesia bovis-infected bovine host. | as it feeds upon cattle, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is capable of transmitting a number of pathogenic organisms, including the apicomplexan hemoparasite babesia bovis, a causative agent of bovine babesiosis. the r. microplus female gut transcriptome was studied for two cohorts: adult females feeding on a bovine host infected with b. bovis and adult females feeding on an uninfected bovine. rna was purified and used to generate a subtracted cdna library from b. bovis-infected female gut, ... | 2013 | 23749091 |
| diagnostic methods used to monitor an outbreak of babesiosis (babesia bovis) in a herd of feral cattle in new caledonia. | in december 2007, babesia bovis was introduced to new caledonia through the importation of cattle vaccinated with a live tick fever (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) vaccine. medical measures, acaricide and antiprotozoal treatments, and quarantine restrictions were implemented with success on all the farms involved, but the disease spread to one of the neighbouring properties where feral cattle were present. to circumscribe and eliminate this outbreak, the authorities decided to slaughter all animal ... | 2013 | 23718796 |
| molecular detection and identification of hemoparasites in pampas deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus linnaeus, 1758) from the pantanal brazil. | hemoparasites were surveyed in 60 free-living pampas deer ozotoceros bezoarticus from the central area of the pantanal, known as nhecolândia, state of mato grosso do sul, brazil, through the analysis of nested pcr assays and nucleotide sequencing. blood samples were tested for babesia/theileria, anaplasma spp., and trypanosoma spp. using npcr assays and sequencing of the 18s rrna, msp4, its, and cathepsin l genes. the identity of each sequence was confirmed by comparison with sequences from genb ... | 2013 | 23567028 |
| bioinformatic prediction of the exportome of babesia bovis and identification of novel proteins in parasite-infected red blood cells. | babesia bovis is a pathogen of considerable economic significance to the livestock industry worldwide but the precise mechanisms by which this parasite causes disease in susceptible cattle remain poorly understood. it is clear, however, that alterations to the structure and function of red blood cells in which the parasites reside and replicate play an important role in pathogenesis and that these are secondary to the export of numerous, currently unknown and uncharacterised parasite-encoded pro ... | 2013 | 23395698 |
| babesia bovis infection in cattle in the southwestern brazilian amazon. | the present study provides the first epidemiological data on infection with babesia bovis in cattle raised in the southwestern brazilian amazon. blood clot samples were filtered through nylon cloth before being submitted to dna extraction. pcr and nested-pcr were applied to assess the frequency of infection with b. bovis in calves with ages from 4 to 12 months bred in 4 microregions each in the states of rondônia and acre. after the dna was extracted from the samples, the infection in cattle was ... | 2013 | 23312480 |
| babesia bovis: lipids from virulent s2p and attenuated r1a strains trigger differential signalling and inflammatory responses in bovine macrophages. | the intra-erythrocytic protozoan babesia bovis is an economically important pathogen that causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle. babesiosis limitation depends on the early activation of macrophages, essential cells of the host innate immunity, which can generate an inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and nitric oxide (no). herein, we demonstrate in bovine macrophages that lipids from b. bovis attenuated r1a strain (la) produced a stronger no release, an early tnfα mrn ... | 2013 | 23286221 |