| [malaria diagnosis: thickdrop and bloodsmear examination, and rapid test]. | | 2008 | 18711803 |
| plasmodium malariae (quartan)-a type new to california: report of two cases. | | 1916 | 18736969 |
| failure to detect plasmodium vivax in west and central africa by pcr species typing. | plasmodium vivax is estimated to affect 75 million people annually. it is reportedly absent, however, from west and central africa due to the high prevalence of the duffy negative phenotype in the indigenous populations. despite this, non-african travellers consistently return to their own countries with p. vivax malaria after visiting this region. an attempt was made, therefore, to detect the presence of p. vivax parasites in blood samples collected from the indigenous populations of west and c ... | 2008 | 18783630 |
| pcr-based detection of plasmodium in anopheles mosquitoes: a comparison of a new high-throughput assay with existing methods. | detection of the four malaria-causing plasmodium species (plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae) within their mosquito hosts is an essential component of vector control programmes. several pcr protocols have been developed for this purpose. many of these methods, while sensitive, require multiple pcr reactions to detect and discriminate all four plasmodium species. in this study a new high-throughput assay was developed and compared with three previous ... | 2008 | 18793416 |
| detection & molecular confirmation of a focus of plasmodium malariae in arunachal pradesh, india. | during a malaria epidemiological study in arunachal pradesh, plasmodium malariae like human malaria parasites were seen in blood smears from fever cases. the study was undertaken to detect the presence of p. malariae and to confirm its identity through dna based polymerase chain reaction approach. | 2008 | 18820359 |
| [molecular diagnosing of malaria in a tertiary care center in the brazilian amazon region]. | the routine test for diagnosing malaria is still the thick blood smear, despite its known decreased sensitivity and specificity in situations of low parasite density and mixed infections. the polymerase chain reaction is increasingly being used for molecular detection and identification of plasmodium species, due to its higher sensitivity and specificity. nested pcr was performed on whole-blood samples from 344 patients with acute febrile syndrome who came to a tertiary healthcare center in mana ... | 2008 | 18853011 |
| the efficacy of chloroquine, quinacrine, quinine and totaquine in the treatment of plasmodium malariae infections (quartan malaria). | | 1948 | 18898695 |
| plasmodium malariae in school surveys in south carolina. | | 1948 | 18908066 |
| infection of reticulocytes by plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae in hyperendemic indigenous malaria. | | 1948 | 18915551 |
| evaluation and optimization of membrane feeding compared to direct feeding as an assay for infectivity. | malaria parasite infectivity to mosquitoes has been measured in a variety of ways and setting, includind direct feeds of and/or membrane feeding blood collected from randomly selected or gametocytemic volunteers. anopheles gambiae s.l is the main vector responsible of plasmodium falciparum transmission in bancoumana and represents about 90% of the laboratory findings, whereas plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale together represent only 10%. | 2008 | 19055715 |
| anopheles darlingi bionomics and transmission of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae in amerindian villages of the upper-maroni amazonian forest, french guiana. | french guiana is one of the areas in south america most affected by malaria and where the disease has become a serious public health problem. in spite of this situation, little recent entomological data are available from the main localities where the disease occurs, even though they are crucial for development of an effective vector control strategy. a longitudinal entomological survey was carried out from march 2000-february 2002 in three amerindian villages, namely twenké, taluène and cayodé, ... | 2008 | 19057822 |
| [the significance of malaria in the western roman empire: a text passage in the digesta]. | the significance of malaria for the decadence and the final fall of the western roman empire is discussed controversially. it seems verisimilar that central europe was free of malaria at the end of the last ice age, and it is undisputed that the apennine peninsula was a substantially depopulated, endemic malaria area around 600 a.d. the immigration of three of the four plasmodium species infectious for man took place most likely at different era and with very different effects on the antique soc ... | 2008 | 19066765 |
| estrogen and progesterone affect responses to malaria infection in female c57bl/6 mice. | previous data from our laboratory suggest that gonadally intact c57bl/6 male mice are more likely than their female counterparts to die from plasmodium chabaudi infection, to recover more slowly from weight loss and hematocrit loss, and to have reduced interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-10 (il-10) responses. removal of the ovaries, and hence, the primary production of sex steroids in females, reverses these differences. | 2008 | 19108815 |
| rapid decrease of malaria morbidity following the introduction of community-based monitoring in a rural area of central vietnam. | despite a successful control programme, malaria has not completely disappeared in vietnam; it remains endemic in remote areas of central vietnam, where standard control activities seem to be less effective. the evolution of malaria prevalence and incidence over two and half years in a rural area of central vietnam, after the introduction of community-based monitoring of malaria cases, is presented. | 2009 | 19123932 |
| multiplex real-time pcr detection of p. falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae in human blood samples. | two duplex real-time pcr assays were developed to diagnose three human parasites: plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae. taqman duplex real-time pcr was evaluated in 263 blood samples of suspected malaria patients by comparing results against those obtained with microscopy and nested pcr. compared with nested pcr, duplex real-time pcr assays showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. duplex real-time pcr detected all mixtures of p. falciparum and p. vivax dna, except at t ... | 2009 | 19124021 |
| prevalence of plasmodium spp. in malaria asymptomatic african migrants assessed by nucleic acid sequence based amplification. | malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in the world. although most cases are found distributed in the tropical regions of africa, asia, central and south americas, there is in europe a significant increase in the number of imported cases in non-endemic countries, in particular due to the higher mobility in today's society. | 2009 | 19138412 |
| high sensitivity detection of plasmodium species reveals positive correlations between infections of different species, shifts in age distribution and reduced local variation in papua new guinea. | when diagnosed by standard light microscopy (lm), malaria prevalence can vary significantly between sites, even at local scale, and mixed species infections are consistently less common than expect in areas co-endemic for plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae. the development of a high-throughput molecular species diagnostic assay now enables routine pcr-based surveillance of malaria infections in large field and intervention studies, and improves resolution of species ... | 2009 | 19284594 |
| prevalence of human malaria infection in bordering areas of east balochistan, adjoining with punjab: loralai and musakhel. | to study the prevalence of malarial infections in human population of districts loralai and musakhel areas of pakistan. | 2009 | 19288935 |
| monkey malaria kills four humans. | four human deaths caused by plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria species, are stimulating a surge of public health interest and clinical vigilance in vulnerable areas of southeast asia. we, and other colleagues, emphasize that these cases, identified in malaysia, are a clear warning that health facilities and clinicians must rethink the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases presumed to be caused by a less virulent human malaria species, plasmodium malariae. | 2009 | 19345613 |
| malaria--a major health problem within an oil palm plantation around popondetta, papua new guinea. | for companies operating in malaria endemic countries, malaria represents a substantial risk to workers and their dependants, and can lead to significantly reduced worker productivity. this study provides an overview of the malaria epidemiology within an oil palm plantation in popondetta, south-eastern papua new guinea, its implication for the company with its employees and their families and the potential for control. | 2009 | 19356235 |
| plasmodium knowlesi from archival blood films: further evidence that human infections are widely distributed and not newly emergent in malaysian borneo. | human infections with plasmodium knowlesi have been misdiagnosed by microscopy as plasmodium malariae due to their morphological similarities. although microscopy-identified p. malariae cases have been reported in the state of sarawak (malaysian borneo) as early as 1952, recent epidemiological studies suggest the absence of indigenous p. malariae infections. the present study aimed to determine the past incidence and distribution of p. knowlesi infections in the state of sarawak based on archiva ... | 2009 | 19358848 |
| morphological features and differential counts of plasmodium knowlesi parasites in naturally acquired human infections. | human infections with plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria parasite, are more common than previously thought. they have been detected by molecular detection methods in various countries in southeast asia, where they were initially diagnosed by microscopy mainly as plasmodium malariae and at times, as plasmodium falciparum. there is a paucity of information on the morphology of p. knowlesi parasites and proportion of each erythrocytic stage in naturally acquired human infections. therefore, deta ... | 2009 | 19383118 |
| towards high-throughput molecular detection of plasmodium: new approaches and molecular markers. | several strategies are currently deployed in many countries in the tropics to strengthen malaria control toward malaria elimination. to measure the impact of any intervention, there is a need to detect malaria properly. mostly, decisions still rely on microscopy diagnosis. but sensitive diagnosis tools enabling to deal with a large number of samples are needed. the molecular detection approach offers a much higher sensitivity, and the flexibility to be automated and upgraded. | 2009 | 19402894 |
| near-fatal multiple organ dysfunction syndrome induced by plasmodium malariae. | | 2009 | 19402987 |
| pathological rupture of the spleen in malaria: analysis of 55 cases (1958-2008). | splenic rupture during acute malaria is rare but underreported. because splenic rupture occurs mostly in non-immune adults, ongoing malaria elimination efforts may paradoxically increase the proportion of plasmodium-infected patients suffering from this life-threatening complication. the pathogenesis and optimal patient management are still debated. | 2009 | 19411041 |
| test characteristics of two rapid antigen detection tests (sd fk50 and sd fk60) for the diagnosis of malaria in returned travellers. | two malaria rapid diagnostic tests were evaluated in a travel clinic setting: the sd fk50 malaria ag plasmodium falciparum test (a two-band test) and the sd fk60 malaria ag p. falciparum/pan test (a three-band test). | 2009 | 19416497 |
| evaluation of the sd fk70 malaria ag plasmodium vivax rapid diagnostic test in a non-endemic setting. | for clinical and epidemiological reasons, it is interesting to diagnose non-falciparum malaria to the species level. this retrospective study assessed the performance of the sd bioline malaria antigen pv test (fk70), a two-band immunochromatographic test detecting plasmodium vivax-specific lactate dehydrogenase, on samples of international travellers in a non-endemic setting. | 2009 | 19519915 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in the papua new guinea highlands: 5. aseki, menyamya and wau-bulolo, morobe province. | although not strictly a highlands province, morobe encompasses large highlands areas, the most important being aseki, menyamya and wau-bulolo. a series of rapid malaria surveys conducted in both the wet and dry seasons found malaria to be clearly endemic in areas below 1400 m in menyamya and wau-bulolo, with overall prevalence rates in the wet season (25.5%, range: 9.1%-39.2%) greatly exceeding those in the dry season (8.3%, range: 2.4%-22.8%; p < 0.001). in the wet season surveys plasmodium fal ... | 2007 | 19583094 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in the papua new guinea highlands: 6. simbai and bundi, madang province. | although predominantly a lowland province, madang also includes highland areas such as simbai and bundi along the northern highland fringe. while the malaria situation in the coastal lowlands has been studied in great detail, the current malaria situation in the highland fringe communities has not been studied in depth since the 1960s. a series of recent malariological surveys found that the malaria situation has changed little over the last 40 years in both simbai and bundi. in the simbai area ... | 2007 | 19583095 |
| implementation of a novel pcr based method for detecting malaria parasites from naturally infected mosquitoes in papua new guinea. | detection of plasmodium species in mosquitoes is important for designing vector control studies. however, most of the pcr-based detection methods show some potential limitations. the objective of this study was to introduce an effective pcr-based method for detecting plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum from the field-caught mosquitoes of papua new guinea. | 2009 | 19646275 |
| longitudinal survey of malaria morbidity over 10 years in saharevo (madagascar): further lessons for strengthening malaria control. | madagascar has been known for having bio-geo-ecological diversity which is reflected by a complex malaria epidemiology ranging from hyperendemic to malaria-free areas. malaria-related attacks and infection are frequently recorded both in children and adults living in areas of low malaria transmission. to integrate this variability in the national malaria control policy, extensive epidemiological studies are required to up-date previous records and adjust strategies. | 2009 | 19660116 |
| anopheles dirus co-infection with human and monkey malaria parasites in vietnam. | the feasibility of identifying parasite dna and specific mrnas from wild-caught anopheles dirus mosquitoes was assessed using dried mosquito salivary glands preserved on filter paper. we were able to detect plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium knowlesi dna by conventional pcr and, furthermore, detected p. falciparum gametocyte-specific genes, pfg377 and pfs16 mrna, p. knowlesi circumsporozoite protein (csp) and sporozoite surface protein 2 (ssp2) mrna by re ... | 2009 | 19703460 |
| [malaria in croatia in the period between 1987 to 2006]. | a retrospective study about the incidence of malaria in croatia in the period from 1987 to 2006 based on the official data of the croatian national institute of public health. in this period there were 201 cases of malaria registered in croatia. the majority (79.6%) were imported from africa, a significantly lower number from asia (17%), and several cases from south america or from unknown locations. one case ended in death. the causative agents determined are plasmodium falciparum (64.7%), plas ... | 2009 | 19769279 |
| plasmodium malariae in bangladesh. | we describe a 32-year-old bangladeshi male presenting with severe malaria caused by a mono-infection with plasmodium malariae. rosetting of infected and uninfected erythrocytes, a putative virulence factor in falciparum malaria, was observed in the blood slide. severe disease caused by p. malariae is extremely rare. the patient made a rapid recovery with intravenous quinine treatment. | 2010 | 19818463 |
| identification of plasmodium malariae, a human malaria parasite, in imported chimpanzees. | it is widely believed that human malaria parasites infect only man as a natural host. however, earlier morphological observations suggest that great apes are likely to be natural reservoirs as well. to identify malaria parasites in great apes, we screened 60 chimpanzees imported into japan. using the sequences of small subunit rrna and the mitochondrial genome, we identified infection of plasmodium malariae, a human malaria parasite, in two chimpanzees that were imported about thirty years ago. ... | 2009 | 19823579 |
| comparison of three real-time pcr methods with blood smears and rapid diagnostic test in plasmodium sp. infection. | in cases of malaria, rapid and accurate diagnosis of plasmodium sp. is essential. in this study three different quantitative, real-time pcr methods were compared with routine methods used for malaria diagnosis. a comparative study was conducted prospectively in the laboratories of montpellier and nîmes university hospitals. the methods used for routine diagnostic malaria testing consisted of microscopic examination of giemsa-stained blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests. three quantitative rea ... | 2010 | 19840032 |
| evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria case management in gabon. | a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis is the basis of malaria case management. rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) create new opportunities for improved care in endemic areas. diagnostic performance of optimal-it and acon was assessed in comparison with microscopy at 2 sites in gabon. between february 2008 and january 2009, 2125 febrile children under 11 years old were diagnosed using microscopy and rdts. plasmodial infection was detected more frequently using acon (27%) and optimal-it (27%) compared to mi ... | 2010 | 19846265 |
| kir3dl1/s1 genotypes and kir2ds4 allelic variants in the ab kir genotypes are associated with plasmodium-positive individuals in malaria infection. | the importance of innate immunity in malaria has been suggested for early protection from maturation and multiplication of plasmodium parasites injected via infected mosquitoes. in this study, the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (kir) genes in innate immunity were investigated for an association with malaria in the comparison between plasmodium-positive and plasmodium-negative melanesian individuals in the solomon islands, one of the most hyperendemic malaria regions in the world. the h ... | 2010 | 19859704 |
| human plasmodium knowlesi infections in young children in central vietnam. | considering increasing reports on human infections by plasmodium knowlesi in southeast asian countries, blood samples collected during two large cross-sectional malariometric surveys carried out in a forested area of central vietnam in 2004 and 2005 were screened for this parasite. | 2009 | 19878553 |
| epidemiological characteristics of imported and locally-acquired malaria in singapore. | the objective of the study was to determine the trend of malaria, the epidemiological characteristics, the frequency of local transmission and the preventive and control measures taken. | 2009 | 19890574 |
| observations on the uganda i strain of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and anopheles mosquitoes. | splenectomized aotus lemurinus griseimembra, a. azarae boliviensis, a. nancymaae, a. vociferans, and saimiri boliviensis monkeys were infected with the uganda i/cdc strain of plasmodium malariae. the maximum parasite counts were lower if the animals had been previously infected with plasmodium vivax. mosquito infection was concentrated in the 12 days following the rise in count above 1,000/microl. mosquito infection and parasite counts were highest with a. l. griseimembra. anopheles freeborni wa ... | 2010 | 19891516 |
| theoretical analysis of mixed plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum infections with partial cross-immunity. | a deterministic model for assessing the dynamics of mixed species malaria infections in a human population is presented to investigate the effects of dual infection with plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum. qualitative analysis of the model including positivity and boundedness is performed. in addition to the disease free equilibrium, we show that there exists a boundary equilibrium corresponding to each species. the isolation reproductive number of each species is computed as well as ... | 2010 | 19914259 |
| in vitro growth-inhibitory activity and malaria risk in a cohort study in mali. | immunity to the asexual blood stage of plasmodium falciparum is complex and likely involves several effector mechanisms. antibodies are thought to play a critical role in malaria immunity, and a corresponding in vitro correlate of antibody-mediated immunity has long been sought to facilitate malaria vaccine development. the growth inhibition assay (gia) measures the capacity of antibodies to limit red blood cell (rbc) invasion and/or growth of p. falciparum in vitro. in humans, naturally acquire ... | 2010 | 19917712 |
| test characteristics of the sd fk80 plasmodium falciparum/plasmodium vivax malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non-endemic setting. | the sd fk80 p.f/p.v malaria antigen rapid test (standard diagnostics, korea) (fk80) is a three-band malaria rapid diagnostic test detecting plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein-2 (hrp-2) and plasmodium vivax-specific lactate dehydrogenase (pv-pldh). the present study assessed its performance in a non-endemic setting. | 2009 | 19930609 |
| the relative numbers of male and female gametocytes in human malaria (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae) and hoemoproteus in birds. | | 1927 | 19985510 |
| evaluation of the palutop+4 malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non-endemic setting. | palutop+4 (all. diag, strasbourg, france), a four-band malaria rapid diagnostic test (malaria rdt) targeting the histidine-rich protein 2 (hrp-2), plasmodium vivax-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pv-pldh) and pan plasmodium-specific pldh (pan-pldh) was evaluated in a non-endemic setting on stored whole blood samples from international travellers suspected of malaria. | 2009 | 20003378 |
| external quality assessment scheme (ieqas) in haematology at national institute of health, islamabad, pakistan. | to document overall performance and improvement, if any, gained through participation in an international external quality assessment scheme (ieqas). | 2009 | 20042158 |
| plasmodium infection and its risk factors in eastern uganda. | malaria is a leading cause of disease burden in uganda, although surprisingly few contemporary, age-stratified data exist on malaria epidemiology in the country. this report presents results from a total population survey of malaria infection and intervention coverage in a rural area of eastern uganda, with a specific focus on how risk factors differ between demographic groups in this population. | 2010 | 20044942 |
| [epidemiological baseline situation before the construction of a small dam in five villages of bouaké, central côte-d'ivoire]. | abstract from june 2007 to june 2008, entomological, malacological and parasitological investigations were carried out in five villages in close proximity to a small dam of raf-fierkro in bouaké, central côte-d'ivoire. the objective of the study was to identify vectors and intermediate host snails of parasitic diseases related to water, and to assess the prevalence of malaria, schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis before dam construction. mosquitoes were caught by human landing catc ... | 2010 | 20084484 |
| [results of epidemiological supervision of malaria vectors in the open water reservoirs of moscow]. | in the past 2 years, the malaria epidemiological situation has drastically improved in moscow: only sporadic cases of local transmission of tertian (plasmodium vivax) malaria have been notified, which sets a task to eradicate malaria in the megalopolis in 2010. in this connection, the surveillance of the malaria vectors anopheles mosquitoes is assuming prime importance. the results of entomological monitoring have shown its efficiency on the territory of the megalopolis. main efforts have been d ... | 2009 | 20135875 |
| computational analysis of binding between malarial dihydrofolate reductases and anti-folates. | plasmodium falciparum readily develops resistance to the anti-folates pyrimethamine and proguanil via a characteristic set of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) gene that leads to reduced competitive drug binding at the enzyme's active site. analogous mutations can be found in the dhfr gene in isolates of plasmodium vivax (pvdhfr) although anti-folates have not been widely used for the treatment of this infection. here the interactions between dhfr inhibitors and modelled structur ... | 2010 | 20193090 |
| [an indigenous case of plasmodium malariae infection in tengchong county of yunnan province]. | | 2009 | 20232627 |
| high prevalence and gender bias in distribution of plasmodium malariae infection in central east-coast india. | light microscopy, the mainstay of malaria diagnosis in epidemiologic studies, exhibits limited sensitivity for detecting low level infections and often under-estimates the frequency of mixed plasmodium species infections. to overcome these shortcomings we performed the pcr method for detection and identification of plasmodium species in blood specimens from 242 individuals collected during the peak season of malaria incidence (july-october). malaria prevalence was 81.4% and 43.4% by pcr and micr ... | 2009 | 20237447 |
| tertian, quartan and mixed malarial infections; a survey of three hundred and thirty-four cases of infection with plasmodium vivax, ten cases of infection with plasmodium malariae and eight cases of mixed malarial infections in children. | | 1947 | 20282146 |
| the transmission of plasmodium malariae by anopheles maculipennis freeborni. | | 1947 | 20284808 |
| multiplex real-time pcr for the diagnosis of malaria: correlation with microscopy. | malaria is generally diagnosed by microscopy and rapid antigen testing. molecular methods become more widely used. in the present study, the contribution of a quantitative multiplex malaria pcr was investigated. we assessed: (i) the agreement between pcr-based identification and microscopy and (ii) the correlation between the parasite load as determined by quantitative pcr and by microscopy. for 83 patients positive by microscopy for plasmodium spp., the first edta-blood sample was tested by mul ... | 2011 | 20298268 |
| [malaria and other risks]. | | 2010 | 20334791 |
| measuring mosquito diversity patterns in an amazonian terra firme rain forest. | we reanalyzed a dataset consisting of approximately 10,700 crepuscular and night-biting female mosquitoes (culicidae) collected over 12 mo in the canopy and understorey of primary amazonian rain forest. we investigate whether vertical habitat stratification and rainfall modified major ecological parameters of this mosquito ensemble, combining descriptive and hypothesis-testing statistics with species richness and diversity metrics in the analyses. a total of 31 species was recorded. contrary to ... | 2010 | 20380291 |
| sub-microscopic malaria cases and mixed malaria infection in a remote area of high malaria endemicity in rattanakiri province, cambodia: implication for malaria elimination. | malaria microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests are insensitive for very low-density parasitaemia. this insensitivity may lead to missed asymptomatic sub-microscopic parasitaemia, a potential reservoir for infection. similarly, mixed infections and interactions between plasmodium species may be missed. the objectives were first to develop a rapid and sensitive pcr-based diagnostic method to detect low parasitaemia and mixed infections, and then to investigate the epidemiological importance of sub- ... | 2010 | 20409349 |
| malaria infection and human evolution. | during the evolution of the genus homo, with regard to the species habilis, erectus and sapiens, malaria has played a key biological role in influencing human development. the plasmodia causing malaria have evolved in two ways, in biological and phylogenetic terms: plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale appear to have either coevolved with human mankind, or encountered human species during the most ancient phases of homo evolution; on the other hand, plasmodium falciparum has ... | 2010 | 20424529 |
| malaria in brazil: an overview. | malaria is still a major public health problem in brazil, with approximately 306,000 registered cases in 2009, but it is estimated that in the early 1940s, around six million cases of malaria occurred each year. as a result of the fight against the disease, the number of malaria cases decreased over the years and the smallest numbers of cases to-date were recorded in the 1960s. from the mid-1960s onwards, brazil underwent a rapid and disorganized settlement process in the amazon and this migrato ... | 2010 | 20433744 |
| african apes as reservoirs of plasmodium falciparum and the origin and diversification of the laverania subgenus. | we investigated two mitochondrial genes (cytb and cox1), one plastid gene (tufa), and one nuclear gene (ldh) in blood samples from 12 chimpanzees and two gorillas from cameroon and one lemur from madagascar. one gorilla sample is related to plasmodium falciparum, thus confirming the recently reported presence in gorillas of this parasite. the second gorilla sample is more similar to the recently defined plasmodium gaboni than to the p. falciparum-plasmodium reichenowi clade, but distinct from bo ... | 2010 | 20498054 |
| isolation and characterization of the msp1 genes from plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. | the merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) is the principal surface antigen of the blood stage form of the plasmodium parasite. antibodies recognizing msp1 are frequently detected following plasmodium infection, making this protein a significant component of malaria vaccines and diagnostic tests. although the msp1 gene sequence has been reported for plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax, this gene has not been identified for the other two major human-infectious species, plasmodium malariae and ... | 2010 | 20519591 |
| severe plasmodium malariae malaria in a patient with multiple susceptibility genes. | we present a case of severe malaria due to plasmodium malariae. genetic testing showed that the patient was homozygous for five important gene polymorphisms previously shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to, and/or severity of, severe sepsis. our case suggests that p. malariae may cause life-threatening disease, and that disease severity may be linked, at least in part, to multiple susceptibility genes. | 2010 | 20536892 |
| evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (carestart malaria hrp-2/pldh (pf/pan) combo test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting. | malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) are widely used for diagnosing malaria. the present retrospective study evaluated the carestart malaria hrp-2/pldh (pf/pan) combo test targeting the plasmodium falciparum specific antigen histidine-rich protein (hrp-2) and the pan-plasmodium antigen lactate dehydrogenase (pldh) in a reference setting. | 2010 | 20565816 |
| high density of 'spiky' excrescences covering the surface of an erythrocyte infected with plasmodium malariae. | | 2010 | 20678157 |
| detection of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. ovale, and p. malariae merozoite surface protein 1-p19 antibodies in human malaria patients and experimentally infected nonhuman primates. | approximately 3.2 billion people live in areas where malaria is endemic, and who estimates that 350 to 500 million malaria cases occur each year worldwide. this high prevalence, and the high frequency of international travel, creates significant risk for the exportation of malaria to countries where malaria is not endemic and for the introduction of malaria organisms into the blood supply. since all four human infectious plasmodium species have been transmitted by blood transfusion, we sought to ... | 2010 | 20702658 |
| validation of a four-primer real-time pcr as a diagnostic tool for single and mixed plasmodium infections. | clin microbiol infect abstract: although microscopy remains the reference standard for malaria diagnosis, molecular tools are attracting increasing interest. to improve the detection of mixed infections, we developed a four-primer real-time pcr with four plasmodium species-specific forward primers, based on the pan-primer design with universal plasmodium primers as described previously. after validation for analytical sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, the four-primer pcr was evaluate ... | 2010 | 20718798 |
| complication of corticosteroid treatment by acute plasmodium malariae infection confirmed by small-subunit rrna sequencing. | we report a case of acute plasmodium malariae infection complicating corticosteroid treatment for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a patient from an area where p. malariae infection is not endemic. a peripheral blood smear showed typical band-form trophozoites compatible with p. malariae or plasmodium knowlesi. ssu rrna sequencing confirmed the identity to be p. malariae. | 2010 | 20739487 |
| the emerging of the fifth malaria parasite (plasmodium knowlesi): a public health concern? | after examining the most recent scientific evidences, which assessed the role of some malaria plasmodia that have monkeys as natural reservoirs, the authors focus their attention on plasmodium knowlesi. the infective foci attributable to this last plasmodium species have been identified during the last decade in malaysia, in particular in the states of sarawak and sabah (malaysian borneo), and in the pahang region (peninsular malaysia). the significant relevance of molecular biology assays (poly ... | 2010 | 20835518 |
| unresolved direction of host transfer of plasmodium vivax v. p. simium and p. malariae v. p. brasilianum. | the evolutionary history of two human malaria parasites, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae, remains unresolved. the near genetic identity between human p. vivax and p. malariae, and primate p. simium and p. brasilianum, respectively, suggests that recent host transfers occurred, but questions remain, such as whether the transfer was from humans to new world monkeys or vice versa, and when the transfers occurred. here, we investigate the phylogenies, haplotype networks, positive selection ... | 2011 | 20849978 |
| the relative numbers of male and female gametocytes in human malaria (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariæ) and hœmoproteus in birds. | | 1927 | 20909907 |
| in vivo and in vitro efficacy of chloroquine against plasmodium malariae and p. ovale in papua, indonesia. | reports of potential drug-resistant strains of plasmodium malariae in western indonesia raise concerns that chloroquine resistance may be emerging in p. malariae and p. ovale. in order to assess this, in vivo and in vitro efficacy studies were conducted in patients with monoinfection in papua, indonesia. consecutive patients with uncomplicated malaria due to p. ovale or p. malariae were enrolled in a prospective clinical trial, provided with supervised chloroquine treatment, and followed for 28 ... | 2010 | 20937779 |
| malaria in the renaissance: remedies from european herbals from the 16th and 17th century. | from antiquity up into the 20th century tertian and quartan malaria which are caused by the parasites plasmodium vivax and plasmodium malariae were widespread in central europe. hundreds of different remedies against malaria can be found in herbals from the renaissance. | 2010 | 21056649 |
| intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in infants: a decision-support tool for sub-saharan africa. | to develop a decision-support tool to help policy-makers in sub-saharan africa assess whether intermittent preventive treatment in infants (ipti) would be effective for local malaria control. | 2010 | 21076561 |
| a taqman real-time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of plasmodium knowlesi. | the misdiagnosis of plasmodium knowlesi by microscopy has prompted a re-evaluation of the geographic distribution, prevalence and pathogenesis of this species using molecular diagnostic tools. in this report, a specific probe for p. knowlesi, that can be used in a previously described taqman real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium spp., and plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale, was designed and validated against clinical samples. | 2010 | 21114872 |
| [concomitant infection by plasmodium falciparum and schistosoma heamatobium among school children in a rural area of senegal]. | | 2010 | 21129869 |
| high-throughput molecular diagnosis of circumsporozoite variants vk210 and vk247 detects complex plasmodium vivax infections in malaria endemic populations in papua new guinea. | malaria is endemic in lowland and coastal regions of papua new guinea (png), and is caused by plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale. infection by p. vivax is attributed to distinct strains, vk210 and vk247, which differ in the sequence of the circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp). here, based upon sequence polymorphisms in pvcsp, we developed a post-pcr ligation detection reaction-fluorescent microsphere assay (ldr-fma) to distinguish these p. vivax strains ... | 2010 | 21147267 |
| malaria transmission in two rural communities in the forest zone of ghana. | malaria transmission was assessed in two rural communities, kona and afamanaso in sekyere south district, ashanti region, in the forest zone of ghana to provide baseline data for ongoing clinical studies and the evaluation of the effect of interventions. altogether, 3,479 anopheles gambiae and 1,157 anopheles funestus were caught by human landing catches. sporozoite rates determined by either microscopy of salivary glands or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum in ... | 2010 | 21153839 |
| giemsa-stained thick blood films as a source of dna for plasmodium species-specific real-time pcr. | this study describes the use of thick blood films (tbf) as specimens for dna amplification with the plasmodium species-specific real-time pcr that was recently validated on whole blood samples. | 2010 | 21176207 |
| evaluation of the rapid diagnostic test sdfk40 (pf-pldh/pan-pldh) for the diagnosis of malaria in a non-endemic setting. | the present study evaluated the sd bioline malaria ag 05fk40 (sdfk40), a three-band rdt detecting plasmodium falciparum-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pf-pldh) and pan plasmodium-specific pldh (pan-pldh), in a reference setting. | 2011 | 21226920 |
| circulating red cell-derived microparticles in human malaria. | in patients with falciparum malaria, plasma concentrations of cell-derived microparticles correlate with disease severity. using flow cytometry, we quantified red blood cell-derived microparticles (rmps) in patients with malaria and identified the source and the factors associated with production. rmp concentrations were increased in patients with plasmodium falciparum (n = 29; median, 457 rmps/µl [range, 13-4,342 rmps/µl]), plasmodium vivax (n = 5; median, 409 rmps/µl [range, 281-503/µl]), and ... | 2011 | 21282195 |
| comparative population structure of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum under different transmission settings in malawi. | described here is the first population genetic study of plasmodium malariae, the causative agent of quartan malaria. although not as deadly as plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae is more common than previously thought, and is frequently in sympatry and co-infection with p. falciparum, making its study increasingly important. this study compares the population parameters of the two species in two districts of malawi with different malaria transmission patterns--one seasonal, one perennial--to expl ... | 2011 | 21314950 |
| transfusion-transmitted malaria: case report of asymptomatic donor harboring plasmodium malariae. | malaria in brazil is endemic in the amazon region, but autochthonous cases with low parasitaemia occur in the atlantic forest area of the country. according to brazilian legislation no test is mandatory for blood donors from non-endemic areas. however if they have traveled to malaria transmission regions they are deferred for six months before they can donate. this report describes a transfusion-transmitted malaria case in sao paulo, brazil, where one recipient received infected blood and develo ... | 2011 | 21412621 |
| development of pcr-rflp assay for the discrimination of plasmodium species and variants of p. vivax (vk210, vk247 and p. vivax-like) in anopheles mosquitoes. | the identification of plasmodium species in anopheles mosquitoes is an integral component of malaria control programs. we developed a new assay to identify plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium vivax variants. specific primers were designed to hybridize to cs gene-specific regions. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) were used to distinguish the p. vivax variants vk210, vk247, and p. vivax-like. the new pcr-rflp assay revealed ... | 2011 | 21420375 |
| rapid diagnostic tests as a source of dna for plasmodium species-specific real-time pcr. | this study describes the use of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) as a source of dna for plasmodium species-specific real-time pcr. | 2011 | 21435256 |
| continuing intense malaria transmission in northern uganda. | abstract. recent reports of reductions in malaria transmission in several african countries have resulted in optimism that malaria can be eliminated in parts of africa where it is currently endemic. it is not known whether these trends are global or whether they are also present in areas where political instability has hindered effective malaria control. we determined malaria parasite carriage and age-dependent antibody responses to plasmodium falciparum antigens in cross-sectional surveys in ap ... | 2011 | 21540398 |
| improved performance with saliva and urine as alternative dna sources for malaria diagnosis by mitochondrial dna-based pcr assays. | clin microbiol infect abstract: saliva and urine from malaria-infected individuals contain trace amounts of plasmodium dna, and therefore, could be used as alternative specimens for diagnosis. a nested pcr targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb-pcr) of four human malaria species and plasmodium knowlesi was developed and tested with 693 blood samples from febrile patients living in diverse malaria-endemic areas of thailand, and compared with microscopy and nested pcr targeting small- ... | 2011 | 21595789 |
| review of cases with the emerging fifth human malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi. | human malaria has been known to be caused by 4 plasmodium species, with plasmodium falciparum causing the most-severe disease. recently, numerous reports have described human malaria caused by a fifth plasmodium species, plasmodium knowlesi, which usually infects macaque monkeys. hundreds of human cases have been reported from malaysia, several cases have been reported in other southeast asian countries, and a few cases have been reported in travelers visiting these areas. similarly to p. falcip ... | 2011 | 21596677 |
| imaging in severe malaria. | | 2011 | 21646957 |
| specific, sensitive and rapid detection of human plasmodium knowlesi infection by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) in blood samples. | abstract: background: the emergence of plasmodium knowlesi in humans, which is in many cases misdiagnosed by microscopy as plasmodium malariae due to the morphology similarity, has contributed to the needs of detection and differentiation of malaria parasites. up to date, nested pcr targeted on plasmodium ssrrna genes is described as the most sensitive and specific method for plasmodium detection. however, this methodology is costly and requires trained personnel for its implementation. loop-med ... | 2011 | 21774805 |
| false positive circumsporozoite protein elisa: a challenge for the estimation of the entomological inoculation rate of malaria and for vector incrimination. | abstract: background: the entomological inoculation rate (eir) is an important indicator in estimating malaria transmission and the impact of vector control. to assess the eir, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect the circumsporozoite protein (csp) is increasingly used. however, several studies have reported false positive results in this elisa. the false positive results could lead to an overestimation of the eir. the aim of present study was to estimate the level of false po ... | 2011 | 21767376 |
| epidemiological profile of malaria in the state of tocantins, brazil, from 2003 to 2008. | this study describes the epidemiological profile of malaria in the state of tocantins, in the period 2003-2008, investigates the association between the frequency of malaria and population growth, classifies the cases by 'autochthonous' and 'imported', reports the indices of the disease and analyses the distribution of the cases by plasmodium species, age and gender. the retrospective study was based on secondary data, stored in sivep-malaria and analyzed using the software epi-info 3.5.1. and b ... | 2011 | 21755236 |
| nephrotic syndrome and unrecognized plasmodium malariae infection in a us navy sailor 14 years after departing nigeria. | a 34-year-old nigerian man presented with nephrotic syndrome. renal biopsy revealed chronic membranous glomerulopathy with focal segmental sclerosis. blood giemsa smear contained rare plasmodium sp. trophozoites and small subunit ribosomal rna polymerase chain reaction amplification confirmed the presence of plasmodium malariae. this case highlights the importance of obtaining even remote travel histories from ill immigrants and considering occult quartan malaria in patients from endemic locatio ... | 2011 | 21722243 |
| field trial of three different plasmodium vivax-detecting rapid diagnostic tests with and without evaporative cool box storage in afghanistan. | accurate parasitological diagnosis of malaria is essential for targeting treatment where more than one species coexist. in this study, three rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) (accessbio carestart (cspfpan), carestart pfpv (cspfpv) and standard diagnostics bioline (sdbpfpv)) were evaluated for their ability to detect natural plasmodium vivax infections in a basic clinic setting. the potential for locally made evaporative cooling boxes (ecb) to protect the tests from heat damage in high summer tempera ... | 2011 | 21696587 |
| rodent blood-stage plasmodium survive in dendritic cells that infect naive mice. | plasmodium spp. parasites cause malaria in 300 to 500 million individuals each year. disease occurs during the blood-stage of the parasite's life cycle, where the parasite is thought to replicate exclusively within erythrocytes. infected individuals can also suffer relapses after several years, from plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale surviving in hepatocytes. plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae can also persist after the original bout of infection has apparently cleared in the blood ... | 2011 | 21690346 |
| reduced impact of pyrimethamine drug pressure on plasmodium malariae dihydrofolate reductase gene. | molecular investigations performed following the emergence of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (sp) resistance in plasmodium falciparum have allowed the identification of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzyme as the target of pyrimethamine. although clinical cases of plasmodium malariae are not usually treated with antifolate therapy, incorrect diagnosis and the high frequency of undetected mixed infections has probably exposed non-p. falciparum parasites to antifolate therapy in many areas. in thi ... | 2011 | 22123682 |
| Plasmodium knowlesi: A Malaria Parasite of Monkeys and Humans (*). | Plasmodium knowlesi is a malaria parasite of monkeys of Southeast Asia that is transmitted by mosquitoes of the Anopheles leucosphyrus group. Humans are frequently infected with this parasite and misdiagnosed as being infected with Plasmodium malariae. The parasite was a major monkey animal model for developing antimalarial vaccines and investigations of the biology of parasite invasion. P. knowlesi is the first monkey malaria parasite genome to be sequenced and annotated. | 2012 | 22149265 |
| quantification of the burden and consequences of pregnancy-associated malaria in the democratic republic of the congo. | pregnancy-associated malaria (pam) produces poor birth outcomes, but its prevalence is commonly estimated in convenience samples. | 2011 | 21990422 |
| asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites in blood donors in yaoundé | background: malaria can be transmitted through blood transfusion, but there is paucity of data concerning transfusion-transmitted malaria in cameroun. objective: to determine prevalence of malaria infection and association with epidemiological and clinical data obtained from donors' responses. methods: microscopic examination of stained thick and thin blood smears for the detection, quantification and specification of plasmodium sp was performed on 493 blood donors in two main hospitals in yaoun ... | 2011 | 22141368 |