| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. i. mortality rate. | the mortality of p. berghei-infected anopheles stephensi females can be about 30% higher during the first three days than in normal blood-fed mosquitoes. as expected the mortality is higher after feeding on highly infected mice but also depends on the date of feeding and the temperature. infected mosquitoes kept at 25 degrees c die more often than those kept at 21 degrees c. on the other hand sporozoite production needs the low temperature of 21 degrees c. so the sporozoite production rate falls ... | 1979 | 396729 |
| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. ii. changes in amino acid contents. | infection with plasmodium berghei results in the disease of a relatively high percentage of mosquitoes depending on the experimental conditions. the damage caused by the parasites may be so severe that the host dies. it can also become manifest for instance in a change in the amino acid content of the mosquito homogenate. the amino acid content of mosquitoes fed on a glucose solution, normal mouse blood, or the blood of infected mice was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively over a period of ... | 1979 | 396730 |
| nutritional studies of the south east peasant diet: studies on the effect of malarial infection (plasmodium berghei) on serum protein and trace element concentrations in rats offered a peasants' diet. | | 1979 | 396732 |
| [observations on the virulence and the antigenic characters of cloned and uncloned lines of the anka isolate of plasmodium berghei. 1. production of recrudescent parasitaemias in immunized mice]. | | 1979 | 396895 |
| [observations on the virulence and the antigenic characters of cloned and uncloned lines of the anka isolate of plasmodium berghei. 2. cross-protection assay with successive recrudescent populations]. | | 1979 | 396896 |
| [synthesis of quinolines with heterocyclic substituents at position 3 (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 396909 |
| caps jottings on malaria. 4. ronald ross. | | 1979 | 396986 |
| caps jottings on malaria 5. antibiotic cocktails. | | 1979 | 396987 |
| proteins and glycoproteins from human erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether metabolites of parasite origin are incorporated into the "knob-like" protrusions of membranes of erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum. intraerythrocytic parasites were grown in culture and labelled metabolically with ((35)s)-methionine. fractions enriched in membranes with knobs and fractions poor in knobs were prepared and analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. labelled components were visualized by a ... | 1979 | 397004 |
| fractionation and characterization of plasmodium falciparum antigens. | in human malarial infections, the immunological importance of modified host cell components and of parasite antigens that may be released on spontaneous rupture of infected erythrocytes in vivo is not known. it is difficult, however, to analyse antigens extracted from entire parasitized red cells because of contamination with normal red cell constituents, notably haemoglobin. to overcome this problem, a simple chromatographic procedure has been developed that concentrates antigens and radiolabel ... | 1979 | 397005 |
| some aspects of serum requirements for continuous cultivation of plasmodium falciparum. | as possible substitutes or supplements for the human serum requirements for continuous cultures of plasmodium falciparum several different animal sera have been tried, including: fresh fetal bovine, sheep, horse, adult bovine, newborn calf, swine, commercially supplied fresh-frozen or lyophilized human sera, fatty acid-free bovine or human serum albumin, red cell extract, physiogel, and a serum substitute composed of bacto-peptone, yeastolate, lactalbumin hydrolysate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and b ... | 1979 | 397006 |
| in vitro propagation of plasmodium falciparum for merozoite antigens. | a system with continuous flow of medium that uses disposable tissue culture flasks for the in vitro cultivation of p. falciparum is described. this scaled-up modification of the trager and jensen method gives merozoite yields sufficient for experimental vaccine studies in animals. a method of increasing the yield of merozoites by decreasing the ph of the medium is presented. | 1979 | 397007 |
| evidence for environmental modulation of gametocytogenesis in plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture. | with the introduction of continuous culture of plasmodium falciparum it has become possible to study the factors involved in gametocyte production in vitro and thus eliminate the uncontrollable in vivo variables of the host. the authors have developed a method for measuring quantitatively the rate of production of gametocytes at any time in such cultures. the method is based on an estimation of the percentage of ring forms that develop into stage ii gametocytes.using this approach, it was found ... | 1979 | 397008 |
| harvest of plasmodium falciparum merozoites from continuous culture. | spontaneously released merozoites were harvested from cultures in which 42-90% of the erythrocytes had been infected with mature forms of plasmodium falciparum at the start of incubation. the mature forms had been extracted from asynchronous cultures by the use of ficoll and plasmagel gradients. as the mature forms consisted of both trophozoites and schizonts, merozoites were released into the culture medium over a long period of time. the synchrony of merozoite release did not appear to be impr ... | 1979 | 397009 |
| in vitro production and partial purification of plasmodium falciparum antigen. | a simple technique for achieving high yields of plasmodium falciparum parasites on a continuous basis is described. the technique is applicable in any laboratory. the culture apparatus is also simple and inexpensive and allows multiple cultures to be run simultaneously. a total of approximately 1-2 x 10(9) parasites can be harvested per culture flask per week requiring the use of only 40.0 ml of culture medium (rpmi 1640), 5.0 ml of human sera, and 2.0 ml of outdated human whole blood. p. falcip ... | 1979 | 397010 |
| soluble antigens released in vitro from erythrocytes infected with plasmodium berghei. | rat erythrocytes parasitized with plasmodium berghei were found to release soluble antigenic products in vitro. the supernatants obtained by centrifugation of the disrupted cells induced specific transformation of non-adherent spleen lymphocytes of convalescent rats and produced precipitation lines with antiplasmodial antibodies. in a preliminary experiment they also immunized young rats against a viable challenge of p. berghei. it is suggested that the soluble material could serve for the purif ... | 1979 | 397011 |
| recent developments in enlarging the scale of production of plasmodium falciparum in vitro. | several methods are described for the cultivation of plasmodium falciparum. they include cultivation in (a) flow vessels that contain 12 ml of rbc suspension and are harvested three times a week, (b) a "tipper" that provides a similar yield, and (c) more recently, a large flat-bottomed vessel that holds 75 ml of suspension. attempts are being made to develop techniques for synchronizing the cultures. | 1979 | 397012 |
| genetic modification of macrophage functions in relation to antibody responsiveness and resistance to infection. | | 1979 | 397751 |
| serum haptoglobins in childhood malaria. | | 1979 | 397925 |
| [proposition of a cycle suggested by the morphological incidences of malaria induced by plasmodium berghei in the mouse (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 398178 |
| some aspects of p. falciparum containment programme. | | 1979 | 398330 |
| chloroquine resistance in p. falciparum in assam state. | | 1979 | 398331 |
| in vivo chloroquine sensitivity tests of plasmodium falciparum in some parts of uttar pradesh and haryana states. | | 1979 | 398332 |
| results of chloroquine sensitivity tests in p. falciparum in some districts of gujarat and maharashtra states. | | 1979 | 398333 |
| results of in vivo chloroquine sensitivity tests in plasmodium falciparum in some parts of karnataka state. | | 1979 | 398334 |
| a note on chloroquine resistance tests on p. falciparum in nagaland. | | 1979 | 398335 |
| response of plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in the meghalaya state. | | 1979 | 398336 |
| results of chloroquine sensitivity tests in plasmodium falciparum in orissa state. | | 1979 | 398337 |
| response to chloroquine with and without pyrimethamine in plasmodium falciparum in west bengal, tripura, mizoram, manipur and arunachal pradesh. | | 1979 | 398338 |
| results of presumptive treatment of malaria in orissa state. | | 1979 | 398339 |
| presumptive treatment of p. vivax malaria in uttar pradesh, punjab, haryana, himachal pradesh, jammu and kashmir. | | 1979 | 398340 |
| presumptive treatment of p. vivax infection with 600 mg chloroquine base in the malaria eradication programme in madhya pradesh. | | 1979 | 398341 |
| a preliminary report on serological studies on malaria in the rural population of karnataka state. | | 1979 | 398342 |
| studies on malaria transmission in two selected villages in alwar, rajasthan. | | 1979 | 398343 |
| simultaneous propagation of p. malariae and p. falciparum in a continuous culture. | | 1979 | 398344 |
| selection of a primaquine resistant strain of plasmodium berghei. | | 1979 | 398345 |
| selection of a chloroquine resistant strain of plasmodium berghei. | | 1979 | 398346 |
| focal outbreak of plasmodium malariae infection in rohtak district (haryana). | | 1979 | 398348 |
| immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically-labelled products in the identification of antigens of murine red cells infected with the protozoan parasite, plasmodium berghei. | in this methodological paper an immunoprecipitation technique has been optimised for the identification of antigens of plasmodium berghei-infected blood which react with antibody specificities in a host-protective antiserum. extracted 3h-leucine biosynthetically-labelled products of infected blood were sequentially reacted and precipitated with sera from mice which had been exposed to p. berghei but which were either non-protected or protected against lethal infection, protection having been sho ... | 1979 | 398697 |
| some transfusion-induced parasitic infections in zambia. | the risk of acquiring a transfusion-induced infection in zambia was studied for the first time. blood slide examination of donors, despite the insensitivity of the method, established malaria as the most serious hazard. the species involved was plasmodium falciparum, the cause of cerebral malaria, and which could be rapidly fatal in a non-immune host visiting an endemic area. microfilariae of dipetalonema perstans and wuchereria bancrofti were also found in donor populations. while no disease ma ... | 1979 | 399289 |
| immunosuppression in murine malaria. iv. the secondary response to bovine serum albumin. | the anamnestic antibody response of cba mice to bovine serum albumin was characterized by a rapid production of high-avidity antibody. after 3 weeks both the total amount of antibody and its avidity declined but still remained above those seen in the primary response for at least 6 weeks. the effects of acute plasmodium berghei and plasmodium yoelii yoelii infections upon the induction and the expression of this anamnestic response were studied. mice infected with these malaria parasites respond ... | 1979 | 399334 |
| antibody responses in mice protected against malaria by vaccination. | mice were vaccinated against lethal p. yoelii or p. berghei malaria and their immunofluorescent anti-parasite antibody levels followed after infection with live homologous parasites. there was a good correlation between antibody titres (especially igg) and protection, under various experimental conditions, including: different doses of vaccine, different strains of mice, and increase or decrease of macrophage function. when antiserum was passively transferred to normal recipients, protection aga ... | 1979 | 399336 |
| modulation by malaria infection of the induction of t lymphocyte-dependent delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes in mice. | a profound alteration of the inductive phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation to srbc was found in malaria infected mice when sensitization with this antigen was performed intravenously at a critical time of the disease, but not after subcutaneous immunization, suggesting a major role for the spleen in the mechanism of immunodepression. | 1979 | 399338 |
| specific membrane receptors: pathogenetic and therapeutic implications in infectious diseases. | | 1979 | 399364 |
| [plasmodium malariae infection due to exchange transfusion (author's transl)]. | a four month old baby with plasmodium malariae infection thought to be due to exchange transfusion is presented. | 1979 | 399992 |
| [plasmodium ovale malaria in france. probability of of genetic control of the incubation period (author's transl)]. | plasmodium ovale as the causative parasite in attacks of malaria is rare. nevertheless, the number of cases seen in france would seem to be on the increase. in 137 attacks of malaria collected between 1967 and 1978, plasmodium ovale was found on 13 occasions. the main characteristics of this form of malaria are, apart from its benign nature, the usual absence of any recurrence and a very variable incubation period, ranging from fifteen days to several months or even a year (with an average of 3. ... | 1979 | 400010 |
| [erythrocyte blood groups and geographic pathology (author's transl)]. | blood groups are an obstacle to reproduction, transfusion and transplantation. there are immunological abortions due to the antibodies of "p" phenotype women; and rh haemolytic disease of the new-born is in direct proportion to the frequency of the "r" gene in a given population; the problem of transfusional allo-immunisation is completely parallel. certain membrane anomalies (due to exceptional erythrocyte blood groups--rh null, rh mod or mcleod, for example), can provoke hemolytic anaemias, bu ... | 1979 | 400037 |
| [anti-malaria chemical prophylaxis in europeans and anti-plasmodium fluorescence antibodies]. | the authors recorded clinical histories and tested serum for the presence of malaria fluorescent antibodies in 160 healthy europeans who had been living for more than 4 weeks in west or central africa. malaria or fever of unknown origin occurred in 37 of 50 subjects who were careless about taking prophylactic drugs while abroad. out of 110 people regularly taking suppressive amino-4-quinoline therapy, 21 had presented febrile attacks but serological tests were only positive in 8 cases. positive ... | 1979 | 400122 |
| falciparum malaria and pregnancy. | during pregnancy an increase occurs in the prevalence and density of plasmodium falciparum malaria. the increase relative to non-pregnant women remains fairly constant with age though there is an over-all decrease in prevalence and density in both groups with age. the increase is at a height relatively early in pregnancy and declines after mid-term. at the height of the malaria season in the gambia less antimalarial antibody appears in cord bloods than in the early dry season when transmission i ... | 1979 | 400205 |
| [a rare cause of subdural effusion in children : cerebral malaria (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 400277 |
| [imported cases of malaria at the central university hospital of nantes (1968-1978)]. | | 1979 | 400400 |
| short term in vitro cultivation of malaria parasites in papua new guinea for preparation of biosynthetically-labelled parasite antigens. | short term in vitro cultivation has been used successfully for biosynthetic labelling of tca precipitable macromolecules of papua new guinean isolates of plasmodium falciparum. conditions satisfactory for completion of the asexual erythrocytic cycle were achieved with aa minimum of sophisticated equipment. the techniques used are described in detail and mention is made of possible applications to assessment of chloroquine resistance and the mode of action of inhibitory antisera. | 1979 | 400462 |
| studies on susceptibility to plasmodium berghei in a normal vector population of anopheles atroparvus after the introduction of plasmodium-refractory genotypes: the establishment of the vector population with overlapping generations. | | 1979 | 400467 |
| glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in trypanosoma cruzi. | 1. the cultured, epimastigote-form of trypanosoma cruzi contains nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (ec 1.4.1.4), with a molecular weight of about 280,000, similar to the enzyme from plasmodium chabaudi and different from the enzymes from higher animal sources. 2. t. cruzi also contains aspartate aminotransferase (ec 2.6.1.1), with properties similar to those of the enzyme from mammals. 3. the concerted action of the transaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase might be responsible for the producti ... | 1977 | 400947 |
| studies on the nature of thyroidal suppression during acute falciparum malaria: integrity of pituitary response to trh and alterations in serum t3 and reverse t3. | the nature of the suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis during infection was studied by testing the integrity of thyrotropin (tsh) and prolactin (prl) responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (trh) during acute falciparum malaria in human volunteers. during infection, tsh responses to trh were found to be intact while prl secretion was slightly increased. that serum t3 levels abruptly declined during infection while serum t4 was stable or increasing suggested an alteration in peripheral de ... | 1977 | 401826 |
| spleen function in quartan malaria (due to plasmodium inui): evidence for both protective and suppressive roles in host defense. | for investigation of the role of the spleen in host defense and chronicity in quartan malaria, the course of plasmodium inui infection was studied in 39 intact rhesus monkeys, 16 monkeys splenectomized before infection, and 22 monkeys splenectomized after infection. splenectomized animals consistently had peak parasitemias greater than 10-fold higher than those of intact animals, but the mortality rate at peak parasitemia was only higher in monkeys splenectomized before infection. whereas intact ... | 1977 | 401854 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: functional immunity and antimerozoite antibodies in rhesus monkeys after repeated infection. | | 1977 | 402285 |
| spleen-derived mononuclear cell chemotactic factor in malaria infections: a possible mechanism for splenic macrophage accumulation. | | 1977 | 402418 |
| avian hematozoa of some birds from tchad. | a total of 389 birds of 32 species representing 14 families from tchad were examined for blood parasites. eighty-nine (22.9%) harbored infections of haemoproteus (64%), plasmodium (12.4%), trypanosoma (1.1%), atoxoplasma (=lankesterella) (5.6%), and microfilaria (28.1%). species of leucocytozoon were not observed in the present study. the occurrence of the different genera differed markedly between bird families; members of the ploceidae comprised 85% of the infected birds. | 1977 | 402484 |
| blood parasites of some columbiform and passeriform birds from chile. | ninety-one birds of 23 species from chile were examined for haematozoa; 13 birds of seven species harbored species of haemoproteus, leucocytozoon, plasmodium, trypanosoma and microfilariae. haemoproteids (representing four species) were the most common parasites and occurred in 10 of the 13 infected birds. | 1977 | 402486 |
| drug-resistant malaria. | | 1977 | 402541 |
| sporozoite transmission of falciparum malaria (burma-thau. strain) from man to aotus monkey. | a sporozoite-induced infection of plasmodium falciparum (burma-thau. strain) was established in splenectomized aotus trivirgatus which received prior treatment with dlmethionine as a dietary supplement. this is the first recorded instance of infection of an aotus monkey with falciparum sporozoites of human origin. | 1977 | 402864 |
| plasmodium cynomolgi: effects of malaria infection on laboratory flight performance of anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | | 1977 | 403087 |
| long-term studies on rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) immunized against plasmodium knowlesi. | studies carried out on four rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) that had been vaccinated against plasmodium knowlesi show that the immunized animals were protected against a challenge with a heterologous strain of p. knowlesi. this protection was shown to be present even 4 years after the immunization schedule has been completed. the effect could not be attributed toprevious infections with the parasite, since four control rhesus monkeys that had recovered from one to four challenges with p. knowles ... | 1977 | 403136 |
| ultrastructural changes of the erythrocyte membrane in ovale-type malarial parasites. | | 1977 | 403266 |
| studies on the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. | the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum was isolated from el salvador, central america, and established in aotus trivirgatus monkeys. transmission from monkey to monkey via the bites of infected anopheles freeborni, a. maculatus, and a, albimanus mosquitoes was obtained in 20 of 27 attempts. prepatent periods in the monkeys ranged from 17 to 46 days with a mean of 24.3 days. parasitemias and mortality were higher following sporozoite inoculation into animals which had been previously inf ... | 1977 | 403272 |
| infectivity of the santa lucia (el salvador) strain of plasmodium falciparum to different anophelines. | anopheles freeborni mosquitoes were much more heavily infected with the santa lucia strain of plasmodium falciparum from coastal el salvador than were any of the other species tested. of 5 strains of a. albimanus examined, the most heavily infected was the ca-109a and the least was the melara, both of which come from coastal el salvador. of the exotic anophelines, the a. maculatus was infected at a slightly higher level than was the a. balabacensis. the incidence of highly infected individual mo ... | 1977 | 403273 |
| further evidence for the parasitic origin of the surface coat on malaria merozoites. | it has been observed that a surface coat, 20 nm in thickness, extends from the plasma membrane of extracellular merozoites and that this coat contains strain-specific antigens. in the present study we determined the possible effect of protein in the culture medium on this structure. the surface coat on merozoites in culture medium devoid of protein was indistinguishable by transmission electron microscopy from the coat in a protein-containing medium. this supports the hypothesis that the surface ... | 1977 | 403820 |
| the exoerythrocytic stages of plasmodium fragile in macaca mulatta monkeys. | exoerythrocytic (ee) schizonts of plasmodium fragile were found in liver tissue acquired 7, 8, 9, and 10 days following inoculation of macaca mulatta monkeys with sporozoites from anopheles balabacensis balabacensis mosquitoes. there was little to distinguish the ee bodies of p. fragile from ee bodies of many of the other species of primate malaria. | 1977 | 404416 |
| plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium coatneyi: immunogenicity of "knob-like protrusions" on infected erythrocyte membranes. | | 1977 | 405234 |
| studies on the invasive ability of malarial merozoites (plasmodium berghei). | studies were performed to evaluate several methods for the artificial removal of plasmodium berghei merozoites from infected mouse erythrocytes. these methods, many of which have been reported to yield free parasites capable of establishing a patent infection when injected into a suitable host, included nh4c1-mediated lysis, complement-mediated immune lysis, pressure filtration, and multiple-burst and continuous-flow sonication. free parasites isolated from infected mouse blood were examined in ... | 1977 | 405468 |
| [ormiersia carcini gen. n., sp. n., microsporidian of the mediterranean crab, carcinus mediterraneus czerniavsky, 1844: developmental cycle and ultrastructural study]. | a microsporidan parasite, ormieresia carcini gen. n., sp. n., was found in the crab, carcinus mediterraneus czerniavsky. its development and fine structure are the subject are the subject of the present study. the life cycle begins with a schizont surrounded by a unit membrane and containing a diplokaryon. the entire process of sporogony takes place in the host musculature. the sporogonic stages are enclosed in the pansporoblastic membrane. in each pansporoblast, sporogony gives rise to 8 sporob ... | 1977 | 405486 |
| blood parasites of some waterfowl from victoria, australia. | a total of 316 anatids (5 species) from serendip wildlife research station, lara, victoria, were examined for blood parasites. twenty-two of the ducks (all five species) harbored haemoproteus nettionis and one also harbored plasmodium relictum. none of 12 dusky moorhens (gallinula tenebrosa) were infected. there was no significant difference in the prevalence of h. nettionis between species or age groups of ducks. no evidence of infection with leucocytozoon, trypanosoma or microfilaria was obtai ... | 1977 | 405511 |
| the characteristics of plasmodium cynomolgi infections in various old world primates. | | 1977 | 405875 |
| attempts to immunize monkeys against plasmodium knowlesi by using heat-stable, serum-soluble antigens. | thirty-six macaca mulatta monkeys were immunized with different concentrations and regimens of heat-stable, serum-soluble (s-) antigens of plasmodium knowlesi prior to challenge with the homologous parasite via sporozoite inoculation. fewer deaths and reduced maximum parasitemias occurred in those animals inoculated with 10 to 40 mg of s-antigen compared to nonimmunized monkeys or those receiving only freund's adjuvant. protection was incomplete, however, suggesting that atibodies to s-antigens ... | 1977 | 405876 |
| electrophoresis of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in erythrocytes from malaria-infected animals. | electrophoresis of red-cell extracts from control and malaria-infected animals on 'cellogel' demonstrated the absence of g-6-pd activity of 'parasite' origin, although 6-pgd activity was present. an identical 6-pgd isoenzyme was found in mice, rats and hamsters infected with the same strain of plasmodium berghei indicating the parasite as the source of the enzyme. a similar 6-pgd isoenzyme was also found in a few preliminary experiments with p. knowlesi-infected monkey erythrocytes. the implicat ... | 1977 | 405935 |
| a freeze-dried merozoite vaccine effective against plasmodium knowlesi malaria. | | 1977 | 406111 |
| an effective immunization of experimental monkeys against a human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. | this is the first report of successful immunization of experimental monkeys against a human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. of the five owl monkeys (aotus trivirgatus) used in this pilot study, two served as controls and the other three were immunized with p. falciparum antigen consisting primarily of mature segmenters containing fully developed merozoites. two injections of antigen emulsified with freund's complete adjuvant were administered intramuscularly 3 weeks apart. three weeks a ... | 1977 | 406671 |
| activities of various 4-aminoquinolines against infections with chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum. | the studies reported here stemmed from a personal report by geiman on the capacity of the 4-aminoquinoline amodiaquin to inhibit in vitro maturation of ring stages of the chloroquine-resistant monterey strain of plasmodium falciparum. this observation, confirmed in owl monkeys infected with this strain, led to a comparison of the activities of chloroquine, amodiaquin, amopyroquin, and dichlorquinazine (12,278 rp) against infections with various chloroquine-susceptible and chloroquine-resistant s ... | 1977 | 406829 |
| differences in the virulence of plasmodium knowlesi for macaca irus (fascicularis) of philippine and malayan origins. | this report summarizes the results of a comparative study of the virulence of the "s-m," h, and c strains of p. knowlesi for indian rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus monkeys [m. irus (fascicularis)] of malayan (west malaysia) and philippine origins. each of the above strains produced fulminating, uniformly fatal infections in the rhesus monkey and mild, chronic infections, characterized by relatively low level parasitemias in cynomolgus monkeys of philippine origin. in striking cont ... | 1977 | 407808 |
| comparison of the curative antimalarial activities and toxicities of primaquine and its d and l isomers. | this investigation was undertaken to determine whether either d-primaquine or l-primaquine has sufficient advantage over primaquine to warrant evaluation for curative activity in human volunteers infected with plasmodium vivax. it was found: (i) that the capacities of the isomers and the racemate to cure infections with plasmodium cynomolgi in rhesus monkeys were essentially identical; (ii) that the subacute toxicities of the isomers and racemate for this monkey were qualitatively the same, but ... | 1977 | 407841 |
| ficoll fractionation for the separation of parasitized erythrocytes from malaria infected blood. | separation and concentration of parasitized erythrocytes from infected blood was achieved by centrifugation of a sample placed in a layer on top of a cushion of a ficoll solution with a critical density. pure suspensions of parasitized erythrocytes were obtained from plasmodium berghei infected rodent blood, whereas results with p. vivax infected monkey (aotus trivirgatus) blood were partially successful. titration experiments revealed that the parasitized erythrocytes obtained by ficoll fractio ... | 1977 | 408020 |
| plasmodium knowlesi: in vitro biosynthesis of methionine and thymidylic acid. | | 1977 | 408170 |
| modifications of primaquine as antimalarials. 1. 5-phenoxy derivatives of primaquine. | various 5-phenoxy derivatives of primaquine have been prepared which are more active and less toxic than the parent compound in murine and monkey antimalarial screens. an improved method for the phthalimido alkylation of amines is described. | 1977 | 408489 |
| synthesis of 2-benzyloxy and 2-benzylthio analogues of primaquine as potential antimalarials. | a series of 2-benzyloxy and 2-benzylthio analogues of primaquine has been synthesized and evaluated against plasmodium berghei in the mouse and plasmodium cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey. 8-aminoquinoline toxicity, as measured in the rane mouse screen, was reduced, and these compounds showed significant blood schizonticidal antimalarial activity in mice. in monkeys, significant tissue-schizonticidal activity was observed. | 1977 | 409843 |
| quantitative aspects of pyrimethamine-sulfonamide synergism. | the experiments described in this report have dealt with the dimensions of therapeutic potentiation achieved when combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine were administered to rhesus monkeys infected with a drug-susceptible strain of plasmodium cynomolgi or its pyrimethamine-resistant variant and to owl monkeys infected with strains of p. falciparum and p. vivax of varying degrees of resistance to this pyrimidine. these evaluations showed: 1) that when delivered in combination, the activit ... | 1977 | 410317 |
| antimalarials. 10. synthesis of 4-substituted primaquine analogues as candidate antimalarials. | primaquine (i) has been extensively used in combination with other drugs in the radical cure of relapsing malaria as well as for prophylaxis or the interruption of transmission. this, coupled with the activity data reported for 4-methylprimaquine (ii), has led to the synthesis of a series of 14 4-substituted analogues of i. in addition, three side-chain analogues of ii were prepared. the compounds were tested for suppressive antimalarial activity against plasmodium berghei in the rane mouse scre ... | 1977 | 411930 |
| hypothesis on the mechanism of erythrocyte invasion by malaria merozoites. | plasmodium knowlesi merozoites invade erythrocytes by a sequence of events: attachment, widespread deformation of the erythrocyte membrane, endocytosis, and resealing of the membrane and vesicle. the possible mechanisms by which these events occur are discussed. in particular, there is a detailed discussion of the role of the duffy blood group system in invasion. | 1977 | 412599 |
| a freeze-fracture study on the parasite-erythrocyte interrelationship in plasmodium knowlesi infections. | freeze-fracture studies were made on the parasite and the erythrocyte in p. knowlesi infections. there is a loss of transmembrane integral proteins from the plasma membrane of the schizont-infected erythrocyte and the intraerythrocytic parasite synthesizes new transmembrane proteins as development proceeds. formation of the parasitophorous vacuole includes changes in the number of integral proteins present in the vacuolar membrane, indicating that this membrane may be modified by and in part der ... | 1977 | 412600 |
| labelling of membrane glycoprotein in erythrocytes infected with plasmodium knowlesi. | normal rhesus monkey erythrocytes and erythrocytes infected by p. knowlesi were labelled with galactose oxidase (ec 1.1.3.9) and tritiated sodium borohydride. the glycoproteins of normal erythrocytes were not labelled unless the cells were pretreated with neuraminidase, when peaks of activity with apparent molecular weights of 170 000, 126 000, 90 000, 50 000, and 35 000 were observed. schizont-infected erythrocytes showed an absence of glycoprotein labelling even after neuraminidase treatment. ... | 1977 | 412601 |
| lipids and the malarial parasite. | merozoite endocytosis initiates plasmodium development in a vacuole bounded by an erythrocyte-derived membrane, whose asymmetrical distribution of lipids and proteins is reversed in its orientation with respect to the parasite plasma membrane. reorientation may accompany the proliferation of the membrane associated with the parasite's growth and phagocytic and pinocytic feeding. increases in the membrane surface area of the parasite, and in some cases of the erythrocyte, parallel parasite growth ... | 1977 | 412602 |
| release of protein by erythrocytic stages of plasmodium knowlesi during cultivation in vitro. | erythrocytes infected with schizonts of p. knowlesi and labelled in vitro with (3)h-isoleucine were shown to release radioactivity when placed in unlabelled culture medium containing uninfected erythrocytes. release of radiolabel probably occurred during schizont rupture and invasion of new erythrocytes and was not observed to any great extent at earlier stages in the erythrocytic life cycle. approximately 55% of the released radioactivity was soluble in 10% trichloroacetic acid, the remainder b ... | 1977 | 412603 |
| cofactors and vitamins in the metabolism of malarial parasites. factors other than folates. | relatively few cofactors have so far been demonstrated to be essential for the intracellular development of erythrocytic stages of malarial parasites. besides 4-aminobenzoic acid, presumably required for the synthesis of folates, these are biotin and pantothenate. the pantothenate is not used directly by the parasites but rather as coenzyme a synthesized by the host erythrocyte. parasites maintained extracellularly in vitro also have a requirement for exogenous adenosine triphosphate. no informa ... | 1977 | 412604 |
| preservation of intraerythrocytic forms of malarial parasites by one-step and two-step cooling procedures. | ring, trophozoite, and schizont stages of plasmodium knowlesi were cooled in dimethyl sulfoxide either by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen or by a two-step method in which the cells were held at temperatures slightly below 0 degrees c for different lengths of time before they were cooled to -196 degrees c. after the direct plunge treatment, thawed trophozoites and schizonts were found to be extensively damaged. their survival was markedly increased by holding them at -31 degrees c for 30 min ... | 1977 | 412605 |
| an effective immunization of aotus trivirgatus monkeys against plasmodium falciparum: a research note. | | 1977 | 412606 |
| summary of discussions on in vitro cultivation of malaria parasites. | | 1977 | 412607 |
| effects of autologous plasma on lymphocyte transformation in malaria and in acute protein-energy malnutrition. comparison of purified lymphocyte and whole blood cultures. | phytohaemagglutinin (pha) induced lymphocyte transformation in whole blood and in purified lymphocyte cultures was investigated in gambian children with acute plasmodium falciparum malaria or with acute protein-energy malnutrition (pem). responses of purified lymphocytes cultured in the absence of autologous plasma were normal, with one exception. autologous plasma depressed the response of purified lymphocytes to a low dose of pha in several malaria and pem patients. in whole blood cultures of ... | 1977 | 412777 |
| modifications of primiaquine as antimalarials. 2. 5-phenylthio and 5-anilino derivatives of primaquine. | a number of 5-phenylthio and 5-anilino derivatives of primaquine have been prepared which are less toxic but less active than primaquine itself in murine and monkey antimalarial screens. it is apparent that the toxicity of primaquine can be diminished by introduction at position 5 of phenylthio, anilino, or phenoxy groups. however, the best hope for concomitant retention of high activity would seem to reside with the phenoxy moieties. | 1978 | 412967 |
| vaccination against sporozoite challenge. a review. | | 1977 | 413213 |
| a review of metozoite vaccination against plasmodium knowlesi malaria. | techniques for the isolation of merozoites of plasmodium knowlesi malaria have allowed their use in experimental vaccines. rhesus monkeys were protected to a very great extent from otherwise lethal challenge with this malaria when freund's complete adjuvant was a vaccine component. | 1977 | 413214 |