| giardiasis in mount isa, north-west queensland. | a random survey of 680 dwellings was undertaken to determine the prevalence and mode of transmission of giardia intestinalis in mount isa. of the population, 4.5% were shown to have cysts in their stools; the highest prevalence rate of 12.0% occurred in children aged one to five years. epidemiological studies strongly suggest that the disease, which is endemic in the city, is being transmitted by hand-to-mouth contamination; schools, preschools, kindergartens and play groups are important foci o ... | 1986 | 3713567 |
| giardia lamblia in children in day-care centres in southern ontario, canada, and susceptibility of animals to g. lamblia. | in 1982, giardia lamblia cysts were found in the faeces of eight of 97 children (two to five years old) in day-care centres in guelph, ontario, canada. none of the infected children showed any of the classical signs of giardiasis. the survey was repeated in 1983 in the kitchner-waterloo area, ontario. in this survey nine of 147 children were infected with g. lamblia. experimentally established giardia-free colonies of mice, hamsters, rats, cats (adults and kittens) and dogs (adults and puppies) ... | 1986 | 3726998 |
| piped water supply and intestinal parasitism in zimbabwean schoolchildren. | the prevalence of intestinal parasitism in primary schoolchildren in three areas, communal (peasant farm) lands, commercial farms and urban townships, was assessed by examination of concentrated and stained stool specimens to determine the effect of water supply on intestinal parasitism. piped water in communal lands was associated with decreased frequency of schistosomiasis and hymenolepiasis, but not with decreased frequency of protozoa. schistosomiasis was very common in commercial farm labou ... | 1986 | 3727003 |
| axenic cultures from excysted trophozoites of giardia lamblia & their viability. | | 1986 | 3733183 |
| [giardia lamblia chronic hepatitis]. | | 1986 | 3738137 |
| transmission of giardia lamblia from a day care center to the community. | an outbreak of giardiasis was investigated in one urban day care center; another day care center was selected as a control. in the study day care center, 35 per cent of the children were infected. infection was spread to at least one household contact of 47 per cent of the infected children. the data suggest person-to-person transmission of giardiasis and the need for measures to prevent its dissemination. early recognition and treatment of giardia lamblia infections in children may be indicated ... | 1986 | 3740341 |
| biliary lipids support serum-free growth of giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia has been grown in vitro only in media containing serum or serum fractions. how this pathogen can grow in the human small intestinal lumen without serum is not known. we found that samples of human hepatic or gall bladder bile maintained g. lamblia survival for 24 to 48 h in medium without serum but did not support growth. by contrast, an artificial biliary lipid dispersion containing six bile salts, phosphatidylcholine (pc), and cholesterol, in the ratios characteristic of human ... | 1986 | 3744557 |
| string test for diagnosing giardiasis. | the "string test" permits definitive diagnosis of giardiasis in the physician's office. if giardiasis is present, microscopic examination of the sample of duodenal fluid obtained on the string will reveal giardia lamblia in the trophozoite stage. use of this simple test may eliminate some of the difficulties in diagnosing giardiasis. | 1986 | 3751831 |
| [epidemiologic survey of intestinal parasitoses in a closed community in somalia: prevalence of trichuris trichiura, ancylostoma and giardia intestinalis]. | | 1986 | 3752803 |
| evaluation of a tangential-flow multiple-filter technique for detection of giardia lamblia cysts in water. | a system of tangential-flow filtration was evaluated for use in the detection of giardia cysts in drinking water. this method was more sensitive in recovering cysts than a frequently used wound-orlon system of through-filtration. | 1986 | 3753000 |
| clinical associations of aeromonas spp. in fecal specimens from children. | human infections caused by aeromonas spp. are being reported with increased frequency. we examined 1012 unselected stool specimens from 799 children for various pathogens, including aeromonas spp., to evaluate the clinical associations of aeromonas spp. in the stools of children in the east end of london. a total of 33 children had positive cultures for aeromonas spp. these were identified as: aeromonas hydrophila (16), a. sobria (9), a. caviae (8). aeromonas spp. were identified by being oxidas ... | 1986 | 3757397 |
| reactive arthritis--giardia lamblia, another new pathogen? | | 1986 | 3759385 |
| identification of giardia lamblia in peritoneal fluid. | giardia lamblia, originally considered a commensal enteric organism, is now universally noted for its pathogenic potential in man. the mechanism of pathogenesis of giardiasis, however, remains unclear. we report a case of giardiasis diagnosed by analysis of peritoneal fluid obtained from a trauma victim. g lamblia trophozoite forms were found on microscopic examination of the fluid, and chemical studies of the fluid revealed bile and elevated amylase activity. the trophozoites may have entered t ... | 1986 | 3764534 |
| blastocystis hominis: pathogen or fellow traveler? | blastocystis hominis, an intestinal organism of uncertain taxonomic position, has long been considered nonpathogenic. some recent studies suggest, however, that it may be associated with diarrhea and may respond to treatment with iodoquinol or metronidazole. to investigate this possibility, we identified 148 persons whose stools contained this organism. of this number, 32 had at least 6 stool examinations performed. twenty-seven of the 32 persons were later found to have greater than or equal to ... | 1986 | 3766850 |
| killing of giardia lamblia by human milk is mediated by unsaturated fatty acids. | giardia lamblia trophozoites were killed in vitro by 1% fresh human milk in the presence of bile. a similar effect was achieved in the absence of bile with milk which had been stored for at least 24 h at 6 degrees c. this killing activity was found to be caused by unsaturated fatty acids. depending on their chain length and the number of double bonds, the concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids required for a 50% killing effect varied between 15 and 36 microm. the saturated palmitic and steari ... | 1986 | 3767341 |
| the activity of drugs against giardia intestinalis in neonatal mice. | the activities of 12 5-nitroimidazoles and ten other compounds have been compared against giardia intestinalis stock bris/83/hepu/106 in a suckling mouse model. ronidazole, satranidazole and fexinidazole were the most active compounds being 2.8, 2.0 and 2.0 times more active than tinidazole respectively and warrant further investigation as potential chemotherapeutic agents. the results obtained in mice are consistent with the known activity of nitroimidazoles in man. there was a strong positive ... | 1986 | 3771427 |
| human milk kills giardia lamblia by generating toxic lipolytic products. | this study supports our previous hypotheses that normal human milk kills giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and that this killing is due to the release of free fatty acids (ffas) from milk triglycerides by action of the bile salt-stimulated lipase (bsl) of human milk. heat-stable killing of g. lamblia was generated when normal human milk was preincubated with sodium cholate, which activates bsl. moreover, both the skim-milk (containing bsl) and cream (containing mainly triglycerides) fraction ... | 1986 | 3772164 |
| [incidence of lamblia intestinalis infection among children aged 3-18 years hospitalized between 1975 and 1982]. | | 1986 | 3776190 |
| age-related rate of seropositivity of antibody to giardia lamblia in four diverse populations. | we used a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine the age-specific rates of acquisition of antibody to giardia lamblia in populations living in an inner city area of baltimore, md., on an apache indian reservation in arizona, in a rural area of panama, and in an urban area of peru (lima). antibody to g. lamblia was found in a portion of the adults living in all of the study areas. similar prevalence rates and quantitative levels of antibody were found in the adults living in arizona (44%), p ... | 1986 | 3782461 |
| protozoal enteric infections among expatriates in bangladesh. | in order to study the prevalence, incidence, and symptoms of infections with giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica, we followed 251 expatriates in bangladesh over a 1-year period. microscopic examination of fecal specimens was performed upon enrollment, at 3-month intervals, and during episodes of diarrhea. specimens were cultured for bacteria and samples of serum and saliva were collected for antibody studies (igg and siga). the prevalence of g. lamblia infections was 5.2% and the incidence ... | 1986 | 3789269 |
| the relative importance of various enteropathogens as a cause of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in chiang mai, thailand. | a study of 208 children aged under 15 hospitalized with diarrhea and 108 matched controls was conducted at chiang mai university hospital, chiang mai, thailand from may 1983 to april 1984 to investigate the incidence, seasonal distribution, and causative agents of diarrhea. 1 or more enteropathogens were isolated from 121 (58%) diarrhea patients and from 32 (30%) controls. in diarrhea patients, shigella spp. were most frequently isolated (22%) followed by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epe ... | 1986 | 3794260 |
| human immune response to giardia lamblia infection. | | 1987 | 3794398 |
| giardia lamblia: the role of conjugated and unconjugated bile salts in killing by human milk. | killing of giardia lamblia trophozoites by nonimmune human milk in vitro is dependent upon the presence of cholate which activates the milk bile salt-stimulated lipase to cleave fatty acids from milk triglycerides. in the present studies, conjugated bile salts, which predominate in vivo, displayed striking differences from unconjugated bile salts in ability to support killing by milk. human milk killed greater than 99% of the parasites in the presence of cholate, but not glycocholate or taurocho ... | 1987 | 3803534 |
| discovery of a specific double-stranded rna virus in giardia lamblia. | nucleic acid samples purified from trophozoites of giardia lamblia portland i strain contain an ethidium-stainable band that comigrates with 7.0 kilobase dna in agarose gel electrophoresis. the band was degradable by alkali, ribonuclease a and ribonuclease t1, but the susceptibility toward the ribonucleases decreased with increasing ionic strength, suggestive of double-stranded rna (dsrna). this identification was confirmed by electron micrographs of the purified samples, which showed linear dou ... | 1986 | 3807947 |
| morbidity in preschool giardia cyst excretors. | preschool children of two villages of kharar taluka, ropar district, punjab (india) were screened for the prevalence of giardiasis. cysts of giardia lamblia were found in 35.1% of the stool samples and other parasites were rarely seen. the incidence of diarrhoea in association with g. lamblia positivity was 16.5% in subjects whose stool examination was positive on one or more than one occasion. no difference in the incidence of giardiasis could be seen in well nourished and undernourished childr ... | 1986 | 3810840 |
| cortisone-induced recrudescence of giardia lamblia infections in gerbils. | the course of infection with giardia lamblia in gerbils was studied after oral inoculation with either cysts isolated from humans or cultured trophozoites. primary infections occurred in 87% of exposed gerbils; cyst release peaked during the second and third weeks post-infection; cysts and trophozoites were observed for up to 49 and 87 days post-infection, respectively. gerbils were refractory to challenge infection with infective human source cysts at 5 months post-infection. overall, 50% of an ... | 1987 | 3812884 |
| plasma membrane isolated from giardia lamblia: identification of membrane proteins. | two methods are introduced for preparing plasma membranes from giardia lamblia trophozoites. isolated membranes were purified by centrifugation on either a sucrose step-gradient or a self-generated percoll gradient, where they band at a density of approximately 1.04 g ml-1. in pure fractions, membranes formed vesicles or extensive sheets. electron microscope profiles show that they are asymmetric with a thin filamentous coat on one side. membrane proteins were resolved by sds/page. they included ... | 1986 | 3816814 |
| laboratory diagnosis of giardia duodenalis infection in dogs. | results of trichrome staining of fecal samples and intestinal contents preserved in polyvinyl alcohol fixative, fecal flotation utilizing unpreserved feces, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum specimens were compared for the diagnosis of giardia duodenalis infections in dogs. trichrome staining of preserved fecal samples resulted in the identification of 44 (92%) of the 48 infected dogs from a group of 200 dogs. trichrome staining of preserved intestinal contents resulted in the ident ... | 1987 | 3818418 |
| specific secretory iga in the milk of giardia lamblia-infected and uninfected women. | we measured the levels of specific secretory iga in human milk by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. we studied giardia lamblia-infected and -uninfected mothers to determine the role of such iga in providing protection against giardia infection to their children. titers of specific secretory iga in the milk of infected mothers were significantly higher than were those of uninfected mothers (p less than .01). only 16% of infants of mothers with high titers of antibodies (higher od) in th ... | 1987 | 3819477 |
| [status of the immunologic secretory system of the small intestine in children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | | 1986 | 3822878 |
| [duodenal microflora in children infected with giardia intestinalis]. | | 1986 | 3822879 |
| erythema nodosum and giardia intestinalis. | we present the first report of erythema nodosum occurring in a woman with an intestinal infection due to giardia lamblia, an association not previously described. the authors suggest the possible role of giardia infection in the pathogenesis of erythema nodosum. | 1985 | 3830527 |
| chronic diarrhoea in nigerian children. | to study the etiology of chronic childhood diarrhea among nigerian children, 142 patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with diarrhea for at least 1 month, were evaluated; the study took place during january-december 1983 at the ahmadu bello university teaching hospital, zaria, northern nigeria. enteropathogenic agents were identified in stools of 90 (63%) patients. giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica were most commonly detected, representing 41% and 23%, respectively, of all parasitic path ... | 1985 | 3833911 |
| [intestinal absorption in asymptomatic school children with giardia lamblia]. | | 1985 | 3836445 |
| medical problems of the homosexual adolescent. | physicians treating adolescents should take a complete sexual history, including sexual orientation and practices, to determine whether their patients are homosexually active. lesbians are at very low risk for sexually transmitted diseases, but they do have other health concerns. four general groups of conditions may be encountered in homosexually active men: classical sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, infections with chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis, herpes simplex infections, genital wa ... | 1985 | 3839219 |
| giardia lamblia infection mimicking pancreatic carcinoma: a case report. | | 1985 | 3863441 |
| in vitro inhibition of giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis growth by bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene. | bithionol, dichlorophene, and hexachlorophene, which are used in treating some helminthic infections, killed trophozoites of giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis in modified bi-s-33 and asami media, respectively. virtually all g. lamblia and t. vaginalis cells were killed within 24 h with a 0.42 mm concentration of these compounds, except that 0.93 mm dichlorophene was required for sterilizing t. vaginalis in the same period. in modified bi-s-33 and asami media from which bovine and human s ... | 1985 | 3872626 |
| detection of giardia in human jejunum by the immunoperoxidase method. specific and non-specific results. | rabbit antiserum to cultured trophozoites of giardia intestinalis (g. lamblia) was used to detect organisms in jejunal biopsies using the pap immunoperoxidase technique. in 30 sections examined from seven cases of giardiasis associated with histological changes in malabsorption, trophozoites were seen in the lamina propria in one instance, although they were otherwise seen in the intestinal lumen and surface mucus. one anti-giardia serum reacted with the neutrophil polymorphs in all infected jej ... | 1985 | 3887675 |
| nonfluid therapy and selected chemoprophylaxis of acute diarrhea. | various available forms of therapy can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with acute diarrhea. oral fluids represent the cornerstone of therapy of all cases. a variety of agents acting nonspecifically can decrease diarrhea and improve other worrisome symptoms associated with enteric infection. kaopectate makes the stool more formed but has little additional effects. bismuth subsalicylate, an antisecretory agent, reduces the number of stools passed by about 50 percent and improves other ... | 1985 | 3893119 |
| selective primary health care: strategies for control of disease in the developing world. xix. giardiasis. | giardia lamblia infects millions of individuals throughout the world. in developed countries it appears primarily in waterborne epidemics of diarrhea. in developing countries, it is endemic, but only a small proportion of those infected appear ill. this flagellate parasite infects the small intestine of its host and may cause malabsorption and malnutrition, particularly among infants and young children. little is known about the extent of illness caused by this parasite because few epidemiologic ... | 1985 | 3898310 |
| a simple elisa for antigiardial antibody using the membrane fraction of the parasite as antigen. | most existing methods for detecting antigiardia lamblia antibody require the use of cultured giardia lamblia trophozoites as antigen in immunofluorescent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. however, the maintenance of trophozoite culture systems limits the large-scale use of these antibody detection systems. an antigen extracted from giardia lamblia by the detergent triton x-100, when used in an elisa system, produces specific, objective, quantitative and reproducible results. it is likely t ... | 1985 | 3907652 |
| [cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, lambliasis in immunologic deficiencies]. | digestive disorders are very frequent in the course of immune deficiencies. parasitic infestations are often their cause, giardia lamblia was the first known agent and is chiefly found in deficiencies of humoral immunity. recent studies allowed a better evaluation of the relationships between the host's immune system and parasite, such as production of anti-giardia antibodies, presence of non specific anti-giardia factors in blood and maternal milk and the part played by cellular immunity. anoth ... | 1985 | 3914246 |
| [malabsorption caused by giardia lamblia. correction between histologic changes and the d-xylose test]. | | 1985 | 3915381 |
| a rare case of variable immune deficiency with type ii dysgammaglobulinaemia, light chain defect, gut associated iga deficiency and progressive neutropenia. | this report describes in detail an unusual variant of a common variable immunodeficiency disease in a seven-year-old boy. the unique features were progressive neutropenia due to defective myelopoiesis, serum igg and iga deficiencies, defective immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis, absence of secretory iga and igm gammopathy. he had been born healthy, but following a thermal injury at the age of 1 1/2 years, he suffered recurrent attacks of sinopulmonary and urinary tract infections, enteritis du ... | 1985 | 3935129 |
| experimental examination of the direct damaging effects of giardia lamblia on intestinal mucosal scrapings of mice. | giardia lamblia is known to produce functional and structural derangement of the small intestine but the pathogenesis of this defect is not clear. to examine this, mucosal scrapings from the small intestine of mice were incubated with human g. lamblia trophozoites. the integrity of the mucosal cells was assessed by their ability to exclude trypan blue, and by the levels of brush border lactase, sucrase and maltase. as judged by the trypan blue test, more mucosal cells incubated with g. lamblia w ... | 1985 | 3938087 |
| description and characterization of a surface lectin from giardia lamblia. | the mechanisms by which the human enteric pathogen giardia lamblia colonizes the proximal small intestine are poorly understood. although the parasite possesses an attachment organelle on its ventral surface, the "sucking" disk, we considered that like many bacteria and some protozoa, g. lamblia might also have a surface membrane-associated modality for adherence to its host. using an erythrocyte mixed-agglutination model, we demonstrated a parasite surface lectin with specificities for d-glucos ... | 1986 | 3943906 |
| direct and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against giardia lamblia by splenic and intestinal lymphoid cells in mice. | direct cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against giardia lamblia trophozoites exhibited by splenic, intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocyte populations isolated from g lamblia infected mice were studied. different patterns of cytotoxicity were found. intraepithelial lymphocytes showed a direct cytotoxic activity of 20.6 +/- 5.6% before infection. it was significantly higher on the 20th (p less than 0.01) and 30th (p less than 0.05) day postinfection. lamina pro ... | 1986 | 3949239 |
| clostridium difficile in general practice and community health. | the isolation rate for clostridium difficile in diarrhoeal stools was investigated in patients from general practice and community health centres over a 14-month period. c. difficile or its cytotoxin was detected in specimens from 89 (4.7%) of 1882 patients studied and accounted for 30.3% of all enteropathogenic micro-organisms isolated. overall c. difficile was second only to giardia lamblia in frequency. recovery rates in the different groups of patients surveyed varied from 3.6 to 27.5%. the ... | 1986 | 3950393 |
| cytotoxicity of monoclonal antibodies to a subset of giardia isolates. | previous studies showed that some giardia lamblia isolates differ and can be categorized on the basis of their dna banding patterns after digestion with endonuclease restriction enzymes, surface antigens, and excretory-secretory (e-s) products. in the present study, monoclonal antibodies (mcab) were produced that reacted with one specific group of giardia isolates. these mcab recognized a 170,000 dalton antigen, which was present on the surface of these giardia and released into the medium as an ... | 1986 | 3950421 |
| killing of giardia lamblia by human milk lipases: an effect mediated by lipolysis of milk lipids. | killing of giardia lamblia by fresh human milk requires the presence of bile salt, a known activator of bile salt-stimulated lipase, the major lipase in human milk. purified enzyme did not kill the parasite even in the presence of activator unless milk lipids were also present in the reaction mixture. free fatty acids had a marked giardiacidal effect, a phenomenon supporting the view that fatty acids, released during hydrolysis of milk triglycerides, are responsible for the killing of g. lamblia ... | 1986 | 3950450 |
| intestinal parasites in a migrant farmworker population. | three hundred thirty-nine migrant worker women and children were screened by single stool examination for intestinal parasites. infection occurred in 34.2%. giardia lamblia and trichuris trichiura were the most common pathogens; entamoeba coli and endolimax nana were the most common commensals. infants under 1 year of age were free of infection. children between 2 and 5 years old and women between 25 and 35 years old had the highest prevalence. significantly more haitians were infected than mexi ... | 1986 | 3954523 |
| pathogenic and free-living protozoa cultured from the nasopharyngeal and oral regions of dental patients: ii. | protozoa of the nose, mouth, and pharynx of 30 randomly chosen male caries patients at an odontological clinic of the national autonomous university of mexico, in mexico city, were surveyed by culture from swabs. culture tubes from swabs were observed every other day for 5 weeks. pathogens found included entamoeba histolytica, naegleria fowleri, acanthamoeba castellanii, a. culbertsoni, a. polyphaga, and giardia lamblia. such isolations of pathogens suggest that patients may be healthy carriers ... | 1986 | 3956463 |
| lack of cellular cytotoxicity by human mononuclear cells to giardia. | cytotoxicity of mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) to giardia lamblia was compared by using two techniques. the first method assessed the viability of surviving giardia directly by culturing and the second method measured release of incorporated [3h] thymidine. cytotoxicity, as measured directly by culturing and visual assessment, showed that the numbers of surviving giardia decreased over time whether cultured with or without mnl but that giardia survived significantly better in the presence of mnl a ... | 1986 | 3958497 |
| [medical problems in refugees from sri lanka (tamil)]. | recently many refugees from sri lanka have arrived in europe. the purpose of the present investigation was to analyze the subjective complaints and diagnoses in these refugees. one hundred refugees (97 males, 3 females, age 19 to 42 years) were investigated. the most common reasons for consulting a general internist were cough (23%), general pain in soft tissue and joints (21%), disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (19%) and ear or throat complaints (15%). in 43% of the patients no diagnosis ... | 1985 | 3969544 |
| cholate-dependent killing of giardia lamblia by human milk. | we showed previously that nonimmune human milk (nhm) kills giardia lamblia trophozoites in vitro and presented evidence that killing requires the bile salt-stimulated lipase of milk. since this enzyme is activated by bile salts, killing should be dependent on the presence of bile salts. we now show that killing by fresh nhm or nhm stored at -70 degrees c is totally dependent on sodium cholate (a bile salt). with less than 0.4 mm cholate, no parasites were killed, whereas with 1 mm cholate, great ... | 1985 | 3972442 |
| pyrimidine salvage in giardia lamblia. | we have found that the anaerobic protozoan parasite giardia lamblia is incapable of de novo pyrimidine metabolism, as shown by its inability to incorporate orotate, bicarbonate, and aspartate into the pyrimidine nucleotide pool. results from high performance liquid chromatography of pyrimidine and pyrimidine nucleoside pulse-labeled nucleotide pools and enzyme assays suggest that the parasite satisfies its pyrimidine nucleotide needs predominantly through salvage of uracil by a cytoplasmic uraci ... | 1985 | 3973534 |
| waterborne disease in colorado: three years' surveillance and 18 outbreaks. | the colorado department of health conducted intensive surveillance for waterborne diseases during the three-year period july 1, 1980-june 30, 1983. eighteen outbreaks of waterborne illness were investigated. outbreaks involved from 15 to 1,500 ill persons. giardia lamblia was confirmed or suspected as the agent in nine outbreaks, rotavirus in one, and no agent could be identified in eight. seventeen outbreaks occurred on surface-water systems; none of these had adequate chemical pretreatment and ... | 1985 | 3976949 |
| intestinal parasites and bacteria in aboriginal children in south west australia. | in a study of intestinal parasites in 697 aboriginal children under the age of 6 years in south-west australia, giardia lamblia was recorded in 26% and hymenolepis nana in 13.9%. g. lamblia infections occurred above 4 months of age, and h. nana infections above 18 months of age. there was a close correlation between infection with these two species (chi 2, p less than 0.001). campylobacter jejuni, the predominant bacterial species recorded, was isolated in 2.3%, and was related to bowel symptoms ... | 1985 | 3977790 |
| giardiasis with protein-losing enteropathy. | generalized edema and ascites were the main presenting features of giardiasis in a 3-year-old boy. hypoalbuminemia, jejunal villous atrophy, giardia lamblia in the duodenal aspirate, and abnormal gastrointestinal protein loss were present before therapy with metronidazole. eradication of parasites resulted in complete clinical, histological, and biochemical remission. giardiasis must now be included in the etiology of protein-losing enteropathy. | 1985 | 3981370 |
| antidepressant drugs suppress growth of the human pathogenic protozoan giardia lamblia. | the tricyclic antidepressant drug chlorimipramine, some of its congeners, and its mammalian metabolites inhibited the growth in vitro of the human intestinal pathogen giardia lamblia. the inhibitory action may reside in their ability to inhibit the membrane-associated atpase characteristic of eukaryotes. synthesis of other compounds of the tricyclic class may produce drugs of potential therapeutic use in the treatment of giardiasis and possibly other protozoal diseases. | 1985 | 3983467 |
| single-dose tinidazole for the treatment of giardiasis. | sixty-three expatriate residents and travellers in bangladesh, infected with giardia lamblia, participated in two studies to compare the therapeutic efficacy of tinidazole and metronidazole. in the first trial 33 randomly selected patients were treated with tinidazole (50 mg/kg of body weight to a maximum of 2 g) or metronidazole (60 mg/kg of body weight to a maximum of 2.4 g) in a single oral dose. patients were followed for 4 weeks after the end of therapy for the presence of g. lamblia in the ... | 1985 | 3985604 |
| electron microscopic studies of jejunum of mice infected with giardia lamblia. | | 1985 | 3988324 |
| [digestive manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids): study in 26 patients]. | we studied the gastrointestinal manifestations in 26 cases of aids. the patients belonged to two different epidemiological groups: the first group included thirteen french homosexual men, the second group included 6 haitians, 6 africans and a pakistanian, none of them admit homosexual activity. the clinical manifestations were: chronic watery diarrhea in 17 cases, bloody diarrhea in 2 cases; loss of weight in the 26 cases; dysphagia in five cases; jaundice in one patient (due to kaposi sarcoma o ... | 1985 | 3996815 |
| susceptibility of domestic cats to infections with giardia lamblia cysts and trophozoites from human sources. | the object of this study was to determine the importance of domestic cats in the epidemiology of human giardiasis. of six laboratory-reared cats inoculated with cultured giardia lamblia trophozoites from humans, only one showed the presence of cysts in the feces, and cysts were found on only 1 of the 80 days of observation. in a second experiment, eight cats were inoculated with g. lamblia cysts isolated from a human being. over an 8-week period of observation, two of eight cats were found to ha ... | 1985 | 3998096 |
| acquired resistance to giardia lamblia infection in mice. | the course of giardia lamblia infection in primary and secondary infection and early and late treated swiss albino mice was studied. animals treated after 3 days of infection did not show any resistance to a second challenge, whereas those treated after 9 days did show resistance to reinfection. reinfected animals eliminated the parasites faster than the other groups. the maximum antibody levels in primary, reinfected, early and late treated groups were observed on the 20th, 10th, 20th and 15th ... | 1985 | 4012849 |
| case-control study of waterborne giardiasis in reno, nevada. | an outbreak of giardia lamblia gastroenteritis occurred in reno, nevada, in 1982, during which 324 laboratory-confirmed infections were reported. during the outbreak, reno was supplied in part by surface water that was chemically coagulated, settled, and chlorinated, but was not filtered. giardia cysts were recovered from the water supply, and a beaver infected with giardia was found in one of the reservoirs. a case-control study indicated that, during the outbreak but not afterwards, persons wi ... | 1985 | 4014209 |
| [erythema nodosum in giardia lamblia infestation]. | | 1985 | 4017494 |
| detection of giardia lamblia antigen in the feces by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | the presence of giardia lamblia antigen in stools of symptomatic and asymptomatic giardiasis patients was studied by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using anti-g. lamblia (portland strain i) trophozoite antibodies. this test could detect antigen in feces of 94% of giardiasis patients. however, it failed to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic giardia infection. there were no false-positive results in children with other diseases. antigen in the stools disappeared within 1 to 2 weeks a ... | 1985 | 4022804 |
| cryptosporidiosis associated with traveling and giardiasis. | the aim of this study was to reveal sources where cryptosporidiosis may be acquired. we studied 4545 patients, from whom 5730 stool samples were obtained for the diagnosis of parasitic infections during 13 mo, and found that 119 of these patients (2.62%) excreted oocysts of cryptosporidium. about two-thirds of the patients reported no animal contacts. there were no cases among children under the age of 5 yr, which is evidence against endemicity, and the prevalence was highest (6.22%) in young ad ... | 1985 | 4029564 |
| identification of chitin as a structural component of giardia cysts. | the intestinal parasite giardia lamblia is a significant cause of diarrheal disease, which is perpetuated by the infective cyst form of the parasite. although a rational approach to the control of giardiasis would be to inhibit cyst formation, nothing is known of the chemical composition of the cyst wall or of its biosynthesis. in these studies, we have shown that chitin is a major structural component of g. lamblia and g. muris cyst walls. this conclusion is based on the finding that chitinase ... | 1985 | 4030095 |
| the adherence of giardia lamblia trophozoites to nylon fibre microcolumns: effect of temperature, fluoride, cyanide and metronidazole. | a simple rapid method for the measurement of adherence of giardia lamblia trophozoites is described. microcolumns are prepared from 10 mg amounts of nylon fibre packed into 100 microliter size disposable pipette tips. the kinetics show that 30 min is the optimum contact time for the experiments. maximum adherence occurred at 37 degrees c, minimal at 4 degrees c, and intermediate at 25 degrees c, suggesting that adherence is an energy-dependent process. adherence was fluoride-sensitive but cyanid ... | 1985 | 4035737 |
| frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa in healthy homosexual men and in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. | various conventional parasitological methods were used to study three faecal samples from 153 homosexual men and 119 patients with abdominal symptoms. in 59.5% of the homosexual men 198 protozoa were identified, and in 31.9% of the patients the number of protozoa was 51. cryptosporidium and giardia lamblia were more frequent in the patients, while various amoebae were more frequent in the homosexual men. the frequency, multiplicity and repertoire of intestinal protozoa in the homosexual men were ... | 1985 | 4037673 |
| cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent patients. | the intestinal protozoan cryptosporidium is known to cause diarrhea in immunocompromised patients, but few cases have been reported in detail in immunocompetent persons. during a 12-month period, we identified cryptosporidium in the stools of 43 immunocompetent patients. the numbers of cases were increased in those under 4 years old and in those from 30 to 39 years old. of 30 index cases, 23 (77 per cent) were diagnosed in the late summer or the fall. fifteen of the 43 patients (35 per cent) had ... | 1985 | 4039408 |
| cryptosporidiosis outbreak in a day-care center. | an outbreak of diarrhea occurred in a day-care center in san marcos, tex, in august 1984. at the time of this study, the center was caring for 81 children aged 2 months through 5 years. a single stool specimen was collected from each of 50 children (62%). cryptosporidium oocysts and giardia lamblia cysts were each identified in stool specimens from 18 children. three children had both parasites present in the same stool specimen. echovirus 30 was identified in 19 of 25 stools cultured. although ... | 1985 | 4041130 |
| changes in intestinal fluid and mucosal immune responses to cholera toxin in giardia muris infection and binding of cholera toxin to giardia muris trophozoites. | the effect of giardia muris infection on the diarrheal response and gut mucosal antibody response to cholera toxin was examined in mice. the results obtained showed that the fluid accumulation in intestinal loops exposed to cholera toxin was increased in mice infected with a low number (5 x 10(4) ) of g. muris cysts compared with the response in noninfected mice. this effect was associated with a marked reduction in absorption of oral rehydration fluid from the intestine. in contrast, mice infec ... | 1985 | 4044038 |
| prevalence of serum and milk antibodies to giardia lamblia in different populations of lactating women. | we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system to compare prevalence and levels of systemic and local antibody to giardia lamblia in different populations. serial blood and milk samples were collected simultaneously from lactating women in texas and mexico. igg antibody to g. lamblia was present in 118 (77%) of 153 sera from 27 mexican mothers but in only 51 (24%) of 214 sera obtained from 28 texan mothers (p less than .001). sera positive for igg antibody to g. lamblia revealed antibody le ... | 1985 | 4045243 |
| [chronic giardia intestinalis infection]. | | 1985 | 4047992 |
| [scanning electron microscopy on the trophozoite of giardia lamblia]. | | 1985 | 4053318 |
| evaluation of a new method for routine in vitro cultivation of giardia lamblia from human duodenal fluid. | although a method for in vitro cultivation of giardia lamblia was described as early as 1927, only a few clinical isolates were cultured in vitro due to the complexity of the techniques. we developed a method which allows for the routine isolation of giardia trophozoites from human duodenal fluid and maintenance of the organisms in axenic culture. this study evaluates the method in 198 patients. seventeen strains of giardia were isolated and cultivated axenically. the method was more sensitive t ... | 1985 | 4056001 |
| effects of bile and bile salts on growth and membrane lipid uptake by giardia lamblia. possible implications for pathogenesis of intestinal disease. | we have shown previously that ox and pig bile accelerate in vitro growth of giardia lamblia. we have now investigated the possible mechanisms by which mammalian biles promote parasite growth. growth effects of (a) ox, pig, guinea pig, and human biles, (b) pure bile salts, and (c) egg and soybean lecithins were studied in the presence of a lecithin-containing growth medium. individually, dilute native bile and pure sodium taurocholate (tc), glycocholate (gc), and taurodeoxycholate (tdc) promoted ... | 1985 | 4056050 |
| management of giardiasis. | giardia lamblia is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea in the world. in the united states, it has been cited as the cause of several epidemics of waterborne disease. the organism has cyst and trophozoite forms, but only the cyst can exist outside the host. the gastrointestinal symptoms of giardiasis are usually self-limited, but chronic cases may occur. patient education helps reduce public anxiety during an epidemic. | 1985 | 4061245 |
| chronic diarrhea associated with hypogammaglobulinemia and enteropathy in infants and children. | in order to define the gastrointestinal manifestations and small intestinal structure and function in a group of infants with chronic nonspecific diarrhea and hypogammaglobulinemia, we retrospectively identified 55 such patients from a population of 518 children evaluated for chronic diarrhea over a 6-year span (10.6%). all patients had igg levels 2.0 sd or more below the mean values for age. patients with biochemical evidence of protein loss (enteropathy or nephropathy) were excluded. there was ... | 1985 | 4064865 |
| intestinal uptake of nutrients in normal and malnourished animals infected with giardia lamblia. | the effect of malnutrition on the uptake of nutrients was studied in swiss albino mice infected with giardia lamblia. the moderate deficiency (8% protein-deficient diet) was observed to enhance the uptake of nutrients like glucose and alanine, whereas in severely malnourished (3% protein-deficient diet) animals the uptake was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). g. lamblia infection in mice decreased the uptake of nutrients and this recovered slightly with the recovery of infection. the ... | 1985 | 4065446 |
| differences in excretory-secretory products and surface antigens among 19 isolates of giardia. | the excretory-secretory (e-s) products and surface antigens of 19 isolates of giardia were compared by reactivity of e-s products with antisera to homologous and heterologous organisms and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis of surface-labeled giardia. isolates could be divided into three broad groups on the basis of the previously reported dna studies and the present studies. group 1 consisted of five isolates with similar or highly cross-reactive e-s. these showed identical dna banding patterns ... | 1985 | 4067331 |
| interactions of giardia lamblia with human intestinal mucus: enhancement of trophozoite attachment to glass. | giardia lamblia trophozoites frequently are associated with mucus in vivo. we investigated the effects of human intestinal mucus on parasite attachment and survival in vitro. all samples of mucus from the duodenum and ileum (from four humans and two rabbits) enhanced attachment at 100 micrograms/ml. attachment increased with mucus concentrations from 1 to 1000 micrograms/ml but declined toward the unstimulated level at concentrations above 1000 micrograms/ml. mucus from the small intestine also ... | 1985 | 4067879 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of 25 giardia lamblia isolates of human origin to six commonly used antiprotozoal agents. | the role drug resistance plays in the occurrence of chronic and recurrent giardiasis has not been established. extensive data on the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of living giardia spp. trophozoites from human origin are lacking. we have determined with a macrodilution method in semisolid medium the in vitro susceptibility of 25 giardia lamblia isolates, all obtained by routine cultivation of the duodenal fluid of children to six commonly used antiprotozoal drugs. the results showed tin ... | 1985 | 4073861 |
| a comparison of the in-vitro activity of some 5-nitroimidazoles and other compounds against giardia intestinalis. | the activities of 11 5-nitroimidazole compounds have been compared against giardia intestinalis in vitro using a 3h-thymidine incorporation assay. all the compounds were at least equipotent to, or more active than metronidazole with the exception of panidazole. satranidazole, ronidazole and s75 0400 a were all about five times more active than metronidazole and warrant further study as potential chemotherapeutic agents for man. no major differences in the response to these compounds was found be ... | 1985 | 4077772 |
| epidemiology and serology of giardia lamblia in a developing country: bangladesh. | the age-specific prevalence of giardia lamblia was determined in two bangladeshi villages and malnourished children in hospital in dhaka city. age-specific acquisition rates, the duration of infection and age-specific sero-positivity to (immunofluorescent assay) g. lamblia trophozoites were determined. infection was acquired early (less than one year) and in 16% of infected children persisted for longer than three months. prevalence was higher in 5 to 10-year-old village children (21%) and one t ... | 1985 | 4082258 |
| improvement in isolation and axenic growth of giardia intestinalis strains. | twenty fresh giardia intestinalis strains were isolated by inoculation of trophozoites obtained by in vitro excystation procedure or by duodenal aspiration. the strains were continuously cultivated in tp-s-1 or bile-supplemented bi-s-33 media without antibiotics. no correlation was found between the ease of isolation and axenization of giardia strains and the source of material for inoculum preparation (faeces v. duodenal fluid and symptomatic patients v. asymptomatic cyst passers). panmede and ... | 1985 | 4082268 |
| changes in mouse splenic lymphocyte sub-population during primary & secondary course of giardia lamblia infection. | | 1985 | 4093156 |
| iron absorption in giardia lamblia infected egyptian children. | | 1985 | 4093659 |
| [giardia lamblia in child day care centers]. | an outbreak of giardiasis affecting 27 children in a day-care center is analyzed. examination of stools showed parasites in 67% of the affected children and in 23% of the children without symptoms. these results are compared with those obtained in another day-care center, where 9% of the stools of children 1 to 5 years old showed evidence of giardia infestation without any clinical evidence of disease. these results show the importance of person to person transmission of giardia lamblia in day-c ... | 1985 | 4096452 |
| [gastrointestinal manifestations of aids]. | we studied 26 cases of digestive manifestation in aids. the 26 patients were divided into two different epidemiological groups: 13 homosexual men, constituted the first group; no homosexual patient was in the second group which included 6 haitians, 6 africans and a pakistanian. the clinical manifestation were: a watery chronical diarrhea in 17 cases a bloody diarrhea in 2 cases; a loss of weight in the 26 cases; a dysphagia in five cases; a jaundice in one patient (due to kaposi sarcoma of the a ... | 1985 | 4096504 |
| [research on blue cysts of lamblia intestinalis]. | | 1970 | 4099380 |
| giardia lamblia and coeliac disease. | | 1973 | 4124054 |
| [difficulties in the detection of lamblia intestinalis in feces]. | | 1973 | 4129694 |
| histological demonstration of mucosal invasion by giardia lamblia in man. | | 1967 | 4164028 |
| ultrastructural studies of the human giardia lamblia and subjacent jejunal mucosa in a subject with steatorrhea. | | 1967 | 4164029 |
| [proposal of a practical and simple method for detection of lamblia intestinalis cysts in feces]. | | 1966 | 4172243 |
| [giardia lamblia and immunoglobulins, disaccharidases, lactic acid and fecal ph]. | | 1973 | 4196212 |