| the atp binding cassette transporter gene cgcdr1 from candida glabrata is involved in the resistance of clinical isolates to azole antifungal agents. | the resistance mechanisms to azole antifungal agents were investigated in this study with two pairs of candida glabrata clinical isolates recovered from two separate aids patients. the two pairs each contained a fluconazole-susceptible isolate and a fluconazole-resistant isolate, the latter with cross-resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole. since the accumulation of fluconazole and of another unrelated substance, rhodamine 6g, was reduced in the azole-resistant isolates, enhanced drug efflu ... | 1999 | 10543759 |
| inositol phosphoryl transferases from human pathogenic fungi. | the ipc1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes inositolphosphorylceramide (ipc) synthase, was first identified as a novel and essential gene encoding resistance to the natural product antifungal aureobasidin a (aur1). the formation of ipc in fungi is essential for viability, suggesting inhibitors of ipc1p function would make ideal antifungal drug candidates. homologs of the aur1/ipc1 gene were identified from a number of human pathogenic fungi, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candi ... | 2000 | 10564728 |
| species and genotypic diversities and similarities of pathogenic yeasts colonizing women. | we examined the patterns of strain relatedness among pathogenic yeasts from within and among groups of women to determine whether there were significant associations between genotype and host condition or body site. a total of 80 yeast strains were isolated, identified, and genotyped from 49 female volunteers, who were placed in three groups: (i) 19 women with aids, (ii) 11 pregnant women without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and (iii) 19 women who were neither pregnant nor infec ... | 1999 | 10565893 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of bms-207147 and itraconazole against yeast strains that are non-susceptible to fluconazole. | the activities of itraconazole and the new triazole bms-207147 were determined against candida strains that were susceptible-dose dependent (fluconazole mics 16 to 32 micrograms/ml) or resistant (mics > or = 64 micrograms/ml) to fluconazole. these strains included clinical isolates of candida krusei, candida glabrata, and candida albicans. in addition, 16 isogenic, genetically characterized isolates of c. albicans, with progressively decreased susceptibility to fluconazole, were tested. bms-2071 ... | 1999 | 10579098 |
| proton-pumping-atpase-targeted antifungal activity of a novel conjugated styryl ketone. | nc1175 (3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propenoyl]-4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyle ne]-1- ethyl-4-piperidinol hydrochloride) is a novel thiol-blocking conjugated styryl ketone that exhibits activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic fungi. incubation of nc1175 with various concentrations of cysteine and glutathione eliminated its antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. since nc1175 is a lipophilic compound that has the potential to interact with cytoplasmic membrane components, we exam ... | 1999 | 10582888 |
| bivalve polymicrobial infective endocarditis. | polymicrobial infective endocarditis is uncommon, particularly vancomycin-resistant endocarditis and fugal endocarditis. the incidence of these infections is likely to. increase with advances in medical technology and widespread use of central venous catheters. we report a case of bivalve endocarditis in which four organisms were identified, including vancomycin-resistant enteroocausfaecium and torulopsis glabrata. | 1999 | 10586839 |
| fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) detection of early renal allograft infection with candida glabrata--a case report. | | 1999 | 10588355 |
| risk factors for nosocomial candiduria due to candida glabrata and candida albicans. | the aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with catheter-associated candiduria due to candida glabrata and due to candida albicans and to compare patients with candiduria due to c. glabrata or c. albicans (cases) with controls. controls were a randomly chosen sample of inpatients with foley catheters for whom urine cultures were negative for candida species. univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. there were 40 cases of c. glabrat ... | 1999 | 10589912 |
| colorimetric method for susceptibility testing of voriconazole and other triazoles against candida species. | a microdilution assay using alamar blue, a colorimetric indicator, was compared with the nccls macrodilution broth assay for voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida krusei. concordance (+/- 2 dilutions) between the two methods was highest for voriconazole (98.3%), and for fluconazole and itraconazole it was 94.3 and 95.4%, respectively. twenty-six of 32 (81.2%) discordant readings (> or = 3 dilutions different) were noted in c. glabrata ... | 1999 | 10592697 |
| typing of candida glabrata in clinical isolates by comparative sequence analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene distinguishes two clusters of strains associated with geographical sequence polymorphisms. | we tested whether comparative sequence analysis of the mitochondrion-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) could be used to distinguish intraspecific variants of candida glabrata. mitochondrial genes are suitable for investigation of close phylogenetic relationships because they evolve much faster than nuclear genes, which in general exhibit very limited intraspecific variation. for this survey we used 11 clinical isolates of c. glabrata from three different geographical locations i ... | 2000 | 10618092 |
| prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. the national institute for allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) mycoses study group. | although fungal urinary tract infections are an increasing nosocomial problem, the significance of funguria is still not clear. this multicenter prospective surveillance study of 861 patients was undertaken to define the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of funguria. diabetes mellitus was present in 39% of patients, urinary tract abnormalities in 37.7%, and malignancy in 22.2%; only 10.9% had no underlying illnesses. concomitant nonfungal infections were present in 85%, 90% had received ant ... | 2000 | 10619726 |
| novel microtiter plate format for testing germ tube formation and proposal of a cost-effective scheme for yeast identification in a clinical laboratory. | the germ tube test is most widely used for presumptive identification of candida albicans. conventional testing is relatively time-consuming due to the hands-on time involved in preparing and viewing each isolate. in order to reduce work-load and costs we have developed a novel microtiter plate test format that offers several advantages: (i) use of removable strips of microtiter wells placed in lockwell frames, (ii) only one pipetting step for each isolate, (iii) direct micromorphological evalua ... | 1999 | 10626129 |
| potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. | microbial pathogens use a number of genetic strategies to invade the host and cause infection. these common themes are found throughout microbial systems. secretion of enzymes, such as phospholipase, has been proposed as one of these themes that are used by bacteria, parasites, and pathogenic fungi. the role of extracellular phospholipase as a potential virulence factor in pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus, has gained credence recently. in thi ... | 2000 | 10627494 |
| serum itraconazole concentrations and clinical responses in candida-associated denture stomatitis patients treated with itraconazole solution and itraconazole capsules. | the aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of itraconazole in serum and saliva after treatment with itraconazole cyclodextrin solution or itraconazole capsules in candida-associated denture stomatitis patients without evidence of immunodeficiency. forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either itraconazole cyclodextrin solution or itraconazole capsules, both at a dosage of 100 mg bd for 15 days. on completion of treatment palatal erythema was assessed and an oral rinse and ... | 2000 | 10629018 |
| new developments in the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections. | invasive fungal infections in cancer patients are on the increase. candidemia is now the fourth leading cause of bloodstream infections in many intensive care units (icus). although a number of risk factors have been identified, antifungal therapy should not be started in non-neutropenic patients until a diagnosis of invasive candidiasis or candidemia is made or presumed in order to avoid the development of resistance. even a single positive blood culture should be treated, and requires removal ... | 2000 | 10629598 |
| adherence of platelets to candida species in vivo. | the in vivo interactions of platelets with candida species yeast cells were investigated in a murine model. mice were injected intravenously via the lateral caudal vein, and blood drawn by periorbital puncture was collected in phosphate-buffered saline-formaldehyde to avoid in vitro platelet activation. the study of the clearance of blastoconidia of candida albicans and candida glabrata showed that these cells disappeared quickly from the bloodstream. microscopic observation of blood samples, st ... | 2000 | 10639419 |
| phenotypic switching in candida glabrata involves phase-specific regulation of the metallothionein gene mt-ii and the newly discovered hemolysin gene hlp. | although candida glabrata has emerged in recent years as a major fungal pathogen, there have been no reports demonstrating that it undergoes either the bud-hypha transition or high-frequency phenotypic switching, two developmental programs believed to contribute to the pathogenic success of other candida species. here it is demonstrated that c. glabrata undergoes reversible, high-frequency phenotypic switching between a white (wh), light brown (lb), and dark brown (db) colony phenotype discrimin ... | 2000 | 10639459 |
| [infections of the oral mucosa ii. bacterial, mycotic and viral infections]. | non-specific infections of the oral mucosa are rare; however, they may present during hiv infection in the form of gingivo-periodontal lesions. in some of these candida albicans may play a role in the pathogenesis. sexually transmitted bacterial infections such as gonorrhoea and syphilis are frequently associated with hiv infection. since penicillin resistance is frequent in gonorrhoea, the cephalosporines are mainly used for treatment. syphilis increases the risk for transmission of hiv. lues m ... | 1999 | 10643281 |
| oceanapiside, an antifungal bis-alpha,omega-amino alcohol glycoside from the marine sponge oceanapia phillipensis. | the structure of oceanapiside, an antifungal alpha, omega-bis-aminohydroxylipid glycoside from the temperate marine sponge oceanapia sp., was elucidated by a combination of 2d nmr, chemical degradation/correlation, and maldi ms-ms spectrometry. oceanapiside exhibits antifungal activity against candida glabrata at 10 micrograms/ml (mic). | 1999 | 10654417 |
| trends in antifungal susceptibility among candida sp. urinary isolates from 1994 and 1998. | antifungal susceptibilities were determined from 80 urinary isolates of candida species collected in 1994 and 1998. our findings demonstrate increasing geometric means of fluconazole mics and fluconazole resistance in candida albicans and candida tropicalis (those for candida glabrata were unchanged) within the 4-year span. amphotericin b and voriconazole mics remained constant. | 2000 | 10655402 |
| genetic identification of candida species in hiv-positive patients using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of its dna. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify a targeted region: an internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal dna from 114 candida isolates and 65 reference strains. unique product sizes were obtained for candida glabrata, c. guillermondii and c. inconspicua. isolates of c. albicans, c. tropicalis, c. dubliniensis and c. krusei could be identified following restriction digestion of the pcr products. the methods proved to be both simple and reproducible and may offer potential advan ... | 1999 | 10657143 |
| effects of fluconazole administration in critically ill patients: analysis of bacterial and fungal resistance. | the administration of fluconazole in intensive care unit (icu) patients leads to the emergence of bacterial and fungal resistance. | 2000 | 10668874 |
| in vitro susceptibility of yeasts for fluconazole and itraconazole. evaluation of a microdilution test. | in vitro susceptibilities were determined for a total of 159 clinical isolates and 12 reference strains of yeasts belonging to different candida species including 94 candida albicans strains, and further genera such as cryptococcus, trichosporon, geotrichum and saccharomyces. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values for fluconazole and itraconazole were assessed using a microdilution technique with the semisynthetic high resolution (hr) medium supplemented with glucose and asparagine but wi ... | 1999 | 10680439 |
| characterisation of yeasts implicated in vulvovaginal candidosis in irish women. | high-vaginal swabs were taken from 98 women attending a genitourinary clinic in dublin city who presented with symptoms of vaginitis. twenty-eight (28.6%) proved culture-positive for yeasts. candida albicans was isolated from 26 of the yeast-positive patients and candida glabrata and candida tropicalis were isolated from a further two patients. two patients were colonized by two yeasts simultaneously (c. albicans and candida lucitaniae, and c. albicans and candida krusei). yeasts were characteri ... | 1999 | 10695049 |
| epidemiology of candidemia--a nationwide survey in israel. | bloodstream infections with candida are often lethal and have been reported to be increasing in frequency. the current retrospective study describes the magnitude and epidemiological characteristics of candidemia in all western-type hospital facilities in israel in 1994. comprehensiveness of the data from the reporting hospitals was checked by cross-study of the data from the infectious diseases records and from the hospitalization records. vital status of all reported cases was evaluated 1 year ... | 2000 | 10697787 |
| antifungal activity of itraconazole compared with hydroxy-itraconazole in vitro. | microbroth dilution tests in vitro showed the same ic(50) values for itraconazole and hydroxy-itraconazole, within a mode +/- one dilution range of experimental error, for 90% of 1481 isolates of pathogenic fungi, representing 48 genera. some 10-15% of candida glabrata and trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates were more susceptible to itraconazole than hydroxy-itraconazole. replicate tests with bioassay marker strains of candida kefyr and candida albicans showed no susceptibility variations outsi ... | 2000 | 10702560 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic characteristics of flucytosine determined by time-kill methods. | two candida albicans isolates, three non-albicans candida isolates (candida glabrata, candida krusei, and candida tropicalis), and one cryptococcus neoformans isolate were evaluated by time-kill methods to characterize the relationship of flucytosine concentrations to antifungal activity and the duration of the post-antifungal effect (pae). against candida and cryptococcusisolates, flucytosine at concentrations > 1 x mic exhibited fungistatic (</=99% reduction in cfu) activity over a 24-h time-p ... | 2000 | 10705051 |
| evaluation of the e test for antifungal susceptibility testing of candida glabrata. | the e test was compared to the reference nccls broth macrodilution method for susceptibility testing of candida (torulopsis) glabrata. the mics of amphotericin b, flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole were determined using the appropriate culture media (rpmi 1640 agar with 2% glucose, casitone agar or antibiotic medium 3 agar) according to the drug tested. agreement between the two methods was within plus/minus two dilutions for 77-100% of test results, according to the drug/medium combinati ... | 2000 | 10746505 |
| reverse cross blot hybridization assay for rapid detection of pcr-amplified dna from candida species, cryptococcus neoformans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae in clinical samples. | a pcr-based assay was developed to detect and identify medically important yeasts in clinical samples. using a previously described set of primers (g. morace et al., j. clin. microbiol. 35:667-672, 1997), we amplified a fragment of the erg11 gene for cytochrome p-450 lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase, a crucial enzyme in the biosynthesis of ergosterol. the pcr product was analyzed in a reverse cross blot hybridization assay with species-specific probes directed to a target region of the erg11 gene ... | 2000 | 10747151 |
| proton translocating atpase mediated fungicidal activity of a novel complex carbohydrate: can-296. | can-296 is a complex carbohydrate (approximately 4300 da) isolated from the cell wall of mucor rouxii. it exhibits excellent in vitro fungicidal activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic yeasts, including isolates resistant to azoles and polyenes. the rapid irreversible action of can-296 on intact fungal cells and protoplasts suggested a membrane-located target for its action. the proton translocating atpase (h+-atpase) of fungi is an essential enzyme required for the regulation of intracel ... | 2000 | 10755243 |
| [fungal endocarditis in non drug-addict patients. 10-year experience]. | fungal endocarditis is an uncommon but serious disease. five cases of fungal endocarditis, involving non-addict patients, were diagnosed at our hospital in the last 10 years. | 2000 | 10758027 |
| successful treatment of candida glabrata endophthalmitis with amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc). | we report a case of candida (torulopsis) glabrata endophthalmitis which occurred 2 months following urological surgery. the patient was treated successfully with intravenous amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) and flucytosine. diagnosis and management of this condition are discussed. | 2000 | 10762120 |
| torulopsis glabrata esophagitis. | | 2000 | 10763987 |
| current status and fluconazole treatment of pelvic fungal gynecological infections. | the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections has recently been increasing in many clinical fields. fluconazole is commonly used against systemic fungal infections. the present study was undertaken to investigate the current status and the efficacy of fluconazole in pelvic fungal gynecological infections. thirty-eight patients aged 36-72 years old diagnosed with pelvic peritonitis with positive fungal culture in pelvic ascites were enrolled in this study and given fluconazole treatment. forty ... | 2000 | 10765038 |
| candida glabrata shuttle vectors suitable for translational fusions to lacz and use of beta-galactosidase as a reporter of gene expression. | the functionality of beta-galactosidase encoded by the e. coli lacz gene as a reporter of gene expression in c. glabrata was investigated. c. glabrata/e. coli shuttle vectors were constructed, containing both a c. glabrata cen-ars cassette, to allow regular segregation and episomal replication of the plasmids, and the lacz coding sequence of e. coli. the functionality of beta-galactosidase in c. glabrata was verified by inserting the promoter and the 5' coding region of the his3 gene from c. gla ... | 2000 | 10767536 |
| a head-on comparison of the in vitro antifungal activity of conventional and lipid-based amphotericin b: a multicenter study. | a comparative study of conventional amphotericin b, abelcet and ambisome was performed using a microdilution format of the nccls m27-a methodology for susceptibility testing against 300 fungal isolates (152 yeasts, 148 filamentous fungi) in both rpmi-1640 and antibiotic medium #3 (ab3). the clinical isolates included candida albicans (n=54), candida glabrata (n=25), candida parapsilosis (n=23), candida krusei (n=19), candida lusitaniae (n=14), cryptococcus neoformans (n=5), candida tropicalis (n ... | 2000 | 10768512 |
| in vitro activity of a-192411.29, a novel antifungal lipopeptide. | a-192411.29 is a novel antifungal agent derived from the structural template of the natural product echinocandin. the in vitro activity of a-192411.29 against common pathogenic yeasts was assessed by national committee for clinical laboratory standards method m27-a. it demonstrated broad-spectrum, fungicidal activity and was active against the most clinically relevant yeasts, such as candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata, as well as less commonly encountered candida species; ... | 2000 | 10770758 |
| [evaluation of a new method for antifungal drugs susceptibility testing to yeasts]. | we compared the etest with a broth microdilution method (fp panel), performed according to the national committee for modified clinical laboratory standards (nccls) document m27-p guidelines, for determining the mics of 81 clinical isolates of yeasts (7 candida albicans, 8 candida glabrata, 10 candida parapsilosis, 6 pichia anomala, 10 candida tropicalis, 4 candida guilliermondii, 4 candida krusei, 6 trichosporon cutaneum, 5 candida ciferrii, 3 candida famata, 4 candida norvegensis, 2 rhodotorul ... | 2000 | 10783576 |
| growth of the fungal pathogen candida in parotid saliva of patients with burning mouth syndrome. | subclinical candida infection has been suggested as one of the aetiological factors in patients with burning mouth syndrome (bms). in order to investigate the possible factors which contribute to the relatively high isolation rate of candida in bms, parotid saliva samples (20 in toto) from patients with this condition were collected and the growth of candida in each sample dynamically observed using a computerized turbidometric assay system. a total of thirteen parotid saliva samples obtained fr ... | 2000 | 10817520 |
| in vitro assessment of antifungal therapeutic potential of salivary histatin-5, two variants of histatin-5, and salivary mucin (muc7) domain 1. | human salivary histatin-5 (hsn-5) is a 24-residue peptide that possesses potent antifungal activity in vitro. the muc7 gene encodes human salivary low-molecular-weight mucin (mg2). the candidacidal activity of muc7 domain 1 (muc7 d1, the n-terminal 51 amino acid residues of muc7) in vitro has also been demonstrated. in this study, we have investigated the antifungal therapeutic potential of hsn-5, its two variants, r12i/k17n and r12i/h21l, and muc7 d1. first, these peptides were tested for activ ... | 2000 | 10817697 |
| candida (torulopsis) glabrata: a new pathogen found in an empyema. | | 1999 | 10825070 |
| phylogeny of the genus kluyveromyces inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase ii gene. | a phylogenetic analysis of 17 species belonging to the genus kluyveromyces and 12 reference and outgroup species was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase ii gene sequences. the genus kluyveromyces appears as a polyphyletic taxon formed by species included within the following four main groups. the kluyveromyces phaffii group encompasses the species kluyveromyces blattae, k. phaffii and kluyveromyces yarrowii. the kluyveromyces marxianus group is a monophyletic group consisting of t ... | 2000 | 10826829 |
| comparative evaluation of pasco and national committee for clinical laboratory standards m27-a broth microdilution methods for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of yeasts. | the pasco antifungal susceptibility test system, developed in collaboration with a commercial company, is a broth microdilution assay which is faster and easier to use than the reference broth microdilution test performed according to the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) document m27-a guidelines. advantages of the pasco system include the system's inclusion of quality-controlled, premade antifungal panels containing 10, twofold serial dilutions of drugs and a one-ste ... | 2000 | 10834985 |
| dna fingerprinting patterns of candida species using hinfi endonuclease. | strain delineation was performed by means of restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) of genomic dna with the restriction enzyme hinfi followed by conventional electrophoresis. a total of 337 yeast isolates representing 21 candida species and five non-candida yeast species was evaluated. a survey of isolates showed that candida albicans and non-albicans species could be divided into mutually exclusive groups, and that subgroups could be created. individual rea patterns for 111 c. albicans isolate ... | 2000 | 10843084 |
| changes in microbial flora in neutropenic patients with hematological disorders after the hanshin-awaji earthquake. | the earthquake that struck the hanshin-awaji district on january 17, 1995, was one of the most destructive to occur in japan. we analyzed the changes in microorganisms isolated from patients with hematological disorders in relation to this earthquake. we reviewed a total of 4137 microbial cultures obtained over 1-year periods before and after the earthquake. there were 123 neutropenic patients admitted during the study period (54 before the earthquake and 69 afterwards). no significant differenc ... | 2000 | 10846835 |
| molecular genotyping of candida species with special respect to candida (torulopsis) glabrata strains by arbitrarily primed pcr. | a set of 46 epidemiologically related or unrelated candida (torulopsis) glabrata isolates from four different medical centres in germany and hungary, and the type strain of this species, were genetically typed by arbitrarily primed pcr (ap-pcr). the resulting band patterns of c. glabrata strains were compared with those of other species of the genus candida including c. albicans, c. guilliermondii, c. kefyr, c. parapsilosis, c. tropicalis and c. krusei. after preliminary trials of various reacti ... | 2000 | 10847212 |
| [susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole in isolates of candida spp. from hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients]. | we studied the possible differences in the pattern of susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole in 393 isolates of candida spp. from the oral cavity of hiv-positive patients and 102 isolates from hiv-negative patients with candidemia or candiduria. we used the broth microdilution method according to the nccls guidelines. we observed a decrease in the susceptibility to fluconazole in the group of hiv-positive patients in comparison to those who were hiv negative, especially in candida albica ... | 2000 | 10855026 |
| evaluation of voriconazole pharmacodynamics using time-kill methodology. | voriconazole is an investigational azole antifungal agent with activity against a variety of fungal species, including fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant candida species and cryptococcus neoformans. in this study, we employed in vitro time-kill methods to characterize the relationship between concentrations of voriconazole and its fungistatic activity against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, and c. neoformans. isolates were exposed to voriconazole concentrations rangin ... | 2000 | 10858354 |
| fungal empyema thoracis: an emerging clinical entity. | to analyze the clinical spectra, pathogenesis, treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors of fungal empyema thoracis. | 2000 | 10858401 |
| influence of temperature and concentration on the postantifungal effect and the effects of sub-mic concentrations of four antifungal agents on previously treated candida species. | the objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different temperatures (22, 35 and 37 degrees c) on the postantifungal effect (pafe) and the effect of sub-mic concentrations (1/4 x mic) on candida albicans and candida glabrata in pafe stage (pafse). | 2000 | 10859430 |
| exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of polyene antifungals suppresses the adherence of candida species to denture acrylic. | the adherence of candida species to denture acrylic is the initial event leading to candida-associated denture stomatitis, with candida albicans being the main aetiological agent. however, the increased incidence of immunocompromised patients in the community has resulted in the emergence of a number of non-albicans candida species as causative agents of this disease, which is commonly managed by topically delivered polyene antifungals. hence, we investigated the effect of the exposure of dentur ... | 2000 | 10859432 |
| antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole). | the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 microgram/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 microgram/ml). the endemic fungal pat ... | 1999 | 10865910 |
| presentation of candida glabrata spinal osteomyelitis 25 months after documented candidaemia. | | 1999 | 10868545 |
| [susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole in isolates of candida spp. from hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients] | we studied the possible differences in the pattern of susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole in 393 isolates of candida spp. from the oral cavity of hiv-positive patients and 102 isolates from hiv-negative patients with candidemia or candiduria. we used the broth microdilution method according to the nccls guidelines. we observed a decrease in the susceptibility to fluconazole in the group of hiv-positive patients in comparison to those who were hiv negative, especially in candida albica ... | 2000 | 10878539 |
| adhesion of oral candida species to human buccal epithelial cells following brief exposure to nystatin. | opportunistic oral infections caused by candida albicans and non-albicans candida species are particularly common in compromised patients. nystatin, which belongs to the polyene group of antimycotics, is frequently used as a topical agent in the treatment of oro-pharyngeal candidosis. it is recognized that due to the delivery mode of nystatin (i.e. topical, intermittent), as well as the cleansing effect of saliva within the oral environment, the yeasts undergo a relatively brief exposure to this ... | 1999 | 10895691 |
| [identification of yeast and sensitivity in vitro against different antifungal agents]. | the increasing incidence of candida yeasts infections and its hospital and community repercussion (vaginal thrush), as well as the will to acquire the knowledge of the new antifungal that were launched to the therapeutic store, have motivated us to identify that type of yeasts from different sources, as well as to study their behaviour against the antifungal, using commercial procedures with easy clinical application. | 2000 | 10905013 |
| differentiation of candida strains by lectin-mediated agglutination kinetics. | the lectin-mediated agglutination kinetics of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida kefyr, and candida parapsilosis strains isolated from immunocompromised patients was investigated. the rate of the lectin-induced cell agglutination depends on the physiological state of the yeast cell population. therefore, the candida strains have to be cultivated and investigated under identical conditions. lentil lectin (prepared from lens culinaris), castor lectin, a ... | 2000 | 10907339 |
| effect of serum concentration on candida biofilm formation on acrylic surfaces. | the biofilm formation of the oral fungal pathogen candida on denture acrylic strips coated with saliva, serum and, saliva-serum pellicle were examined in vitro using candida albicans (four isolates), candida glabrata (three isolates) and candida tropicalis (three isolates). the degree of biofilm activity varied depending upon both the isolate and the pellicle. significantly increased biofilm activity on the pellicle (particularly serum)-coated strips was observed with three isolates of c. albica ... | 2000 | 10907344 |
| funguria and candida-specific immunoglobulins in patients with systemic candidosis. | funguria, indirect anti-candida haemagglutination test (c-iht) and candida-specific immunoglobulins c-igm, c-igg and c-iga were investigated under suspicion of systemic candidosis in critically ill patients. a total of 143 urine cultures were studied for candida from 74 adults and a median count of log 3.0 cfu ml-1 was found. most isolated candida species were candida albicans and candida glabrata. in 14 cases of candidaemia there was no regular agreement between the finding of candida species i ... | 2000 | 10907345 |
| the vig9 gene products from the human pathogenic fungi candida albicans and candida glabrata encode gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase. | we have identified two genomic dna fragments from the human pathogenic fungi, candida albicans (cavig9) and candida glabrata (cgvig9) that encode gdp-mannose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme for protein glycosylation. the vig9 homologues of cavig9 and cgvig9 complement an identified protein glycosylation-defective mutation, vig9, of saccharomyces cerevisiae. the nucleotide sequences of the orfs, which are 83 and 90% identical to that of the scvig9 protein, respectively, showed a predicted gene pr ... | 2000 | 10913825 |
| candida glabrata displays pseudohyphal growth. | the ability to undergo morphological change has been reported as an advantageous trait in fungal pathogenesis. here we demonstrate that candida glabrata atcc2001, like diploid saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, forms elongated chains of pseudohyphal cells on solid nitrogen starvation media (slad). constrictions were apparent between adjoining cells; no parallel-sided hyphae were seen and pseudohyphae invaded the agar. when slad was supplemented with ammonium sulfate both c. glabrata and diploid s ... | 2000 | 10913876 |
| antifungal effects of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds on dermatophytes, mould fungi and yeasts. | a series of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds was evaluated for antifungal activities against filamentous fungi (epidermophyton floccosum; microsporum canis; microsporum gypseum; trichophyton mentagrophytes; trichophyton rubrum; trichophyton tonsurans; trichophyton terrestre; penicillium italicum; aspergillus fumigatus; mucor racemosus; rhizopus nigricans) and opportunistic yeasts (candida albicans; candida glabrata; candidata krusei; cryptococcus neoformans), using the agar dilution me ... | 2000 | 10928561 |
| effect of nitrogen source and nitrogen concentration on the production of pyruvate by torulopsis glabrata. | the effect of nitrogen sources including yeast extract, peptone, soybean hydrolyzate and some inorganic nitrogen sources, as well as the nitrogen concentration on the fermentative production of pyruvate by torulopsis glabrata wsh-ip12 was investigated. the addition of yeast extract greatly inhibited pyruvate accumulation, while peptone was shown to be the most favorable nitrogen source. in flask culture, 15 g l(-1) peptone was needed to consume 80 g l(-1) glucose with 23.4 g l(-1)of pyruvate acc ... | 2000 | 10936657 |
| karyotyping of candida albicans and candida glabrata from patients with candida sepsis. | the aim of this study was to determine the relatedness of candida strains from patients suffering from candida septicaemia by typing of candida isolates from blood cultures and different body sites by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge using a contour-clamped homogenous electric field, chef). we studied 17 isolates of candida albicans and 10 isolates of candida glabrata from six patients. four patients suffered from a c. albicans septicaemia, one patient from a c. glabrata septicaemia, and o ... | 2000 | 10948811 |
| depletion of the squalene synthase (erg9) gene does not impair growth of candida glabrata in mice. | squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase, ec 2.5. 1.21) is the first committed enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. inhibitors of this enzyme have been intensively studied as potential antifungal agents. to assess the effect of deactivating squalene synthase on the growth of fungi in mice, we isolated the squalene synthase (erg9) gene from the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata and generated strains in which the cgerg9 gene was under the control of the tetracycline-regul ... | 2000 | 10952588 |
| liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) in the treatment of neonatal candidiasis in very low birth weight infants. | ambisome (2.5-7 mg/kg/day as a continuous 1 h infusion) was evaluated prospectively from september 1994 to january 1998 in 24 very low birth weight infants (mean birth weight 847+/-244 g, mean gestational age 26 weeks) with systemic candidiasis. mean age at onset of candidemia was 17 days. one patient had two episodes of candidiasis. thirteen infants failed previous antifungal therapy with amphotericin b (with or without 5-flucytosine). candida spp. were isolated from the blood in all 25 episode ... | 2000 | 10961528 |
| candida glabrata oesophagitis in a patient without hiv infection. | | 2000 | 10968332 |
| [effect of nutritional conditions on the fermentative production of pyruvic acid by torulopsis glabrata]. | the effects of some nutritional conditions, such as peptone concentration, feeding glucose as well as oxygen supply manner and ratio of c/n in batch culture, on the fermentative production of pyruvic acid by torulopsis glabrata wsh-ip12 were investigated. in shaking-flask culture: (1) peptone of more than 20 g/l inhibited the accumulation of pyruvic acid; (2) production of pyruvic acid was increased from 23.5 g/l to 30.2 g/l by simply feeding glucose. in 5 l jar-fermentor batch culture: (1) high ... | 2000 | 10976333 |
| differential host susceptibility to pulmonary infections with bacteria and fungi in mice deficient in myeloperoxidase. | myeloperoxidase (mpo), which is located within neutrophils capable of producing hypochlorous acid, is active in vitro against bacteria and fungi. however, mpo-deficient persons are usually healthy. to define the in vivo contribution of mpo to early host defense against pulmonary infections, mpo-deficient and control mice were intranasally infected with various fungi and bacteria, and the number of residual microorganisms in lungs was compared 48 h later. mpo-deficient mice showed severely reduce ... | 2000 | 10979934 |
| susceptibility of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of candida spp. to echinocandin ly303366, itraconazole and amphotericin b. | the in vitro activity of ly303366 was compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 156 fluconazole-resistant (mic > or = 16 mg/l) clinical isolates of candida spp. an adaptation of the nccls reference method was employed for determination of mics. ly303366 was more potent than either itraconazole or amphotericin b against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida tropicalis, even against isolates with itraconazole mics > or = 1 mg/l. ly303366 was less poten ... | 2000 | 10980178 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of fk463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide. | the antifungal activity of fk463 against 72 recent clinical isolates of candida albicans (24), candida glabrata (17), candida tropicalis (11), candida krusei (8) and candida parapsilosis (12) was compared with those of amphotericin b, fluconazole and itraconazole by means of a broth microdilution method specified by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) document m27-a. the lowest drug concentration at which 90% of the population was inhibited (mic(90)) of fk463 against ... | 2000 | 10980180 |
| cross-resistance of clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida glabrata to over-the-counter azoles used in the treatment of vaginitis. | antifungal drug resistance in candida spp. continues to increase in response to the widespread application of triazole therapeutics among immunosuppressed patients. azole-based over-the-counter (otc) antifungal agents used to treat vaginitis have the potential to exacerbate this problem by contributing to the selection of highly resistant strains of candida in otherwise healthy women. in this study, we show that fluconazole-resistant (mic > 64 microg/ml) blood stream isolates of candida albicans ... | 2000 | 10990271 |
| flow cytometry antifungal susceptibility testing of pathogenic yeasts other than candida albicans and comparison with the nccls broth microdilution test. | candida species other than candida albicans frequently cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. some of these pathogens have either variable susceptibility patterns or intrinsic resistance against common azoles. the availability of a rapid and reproducible susceptibility-testing method is likely to help in the selection of an appropriate regimen for therapy. a flow cytometry (fc) method was used in the present study for susceptibility testing of candida glabrata, candida guilli ... | 2000 | 10991856 |
| candiduria in hospitalized patients: a review. | the presence of candida species in the urine is frequent among hospitalized patients. it represents a major challenge to the physician because it is unclear whether candiduria represents colonization or infection, whether the bladder or the kidney is involved in infection, or whether it represents a surrogate marker for systemic infection. this picture is more complicated because there are few prospective studies addressing the issue of when and how to treat a patient with candiduria. strategies ... | 2000 | 11008220 |
| nosocomial candidemia in non-neutropenic patients at an italian tertiary care hospital. | in a retrospective study conducted in an italian tertiary care hospital, the incidence of nosocomial candidemia was evaluated together with causative pathogens, treatment, and risk factors for death. over a 6-year period (1992-1997), a total of 189 episodes of candidemia occurred in 189 patients (mean age 58+/-19 years), accounting for an average incidence of 1.14 episodes per 10,000 patient-days per year. the most common reasons for hospitalization were solid neoplasia (21%), trauma (17%), abdo ... | 2000 | 11014622 |
| development of a pcr-based line probe assay for identification of fungal pathogens. | we report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (lipa) which when combined with pcr amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including candida, aspergillus, and cryptococcus species. dna probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (its) regions of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida dubliniensis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, asp ... | 2000 | 11015393 |
| species-specific prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among patients with diabetes mellitus and its relation to their glycaemic status. | non- c. albicans candida species are increasingly being recognized as the cause of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. these species are often less susceptible to antifungal agents. patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for vulvo-vaginal candidasis. we assessed the species-specific prevalence rate and risk of candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. | 2000 | 11023762 |
| medical treatment of a pacemaker endocarditis due to candida albicans and to candida glabrata. | we describe a case of pacemaker infection due to two fungal species: candida albicans and c. glabrata. transthoracic echocardiography showed a large vegetation on the intraventricular wires. because of severe underlying diseases, surgery was believed to be contraindicated. the patient was treated using high dose of fluconazole, resulting in clinical improvement and negative blood cultures. however, 2 months later, the patient underwent a fatal stroke. at autopsy, a large vegetation was found onl ... | 2000 | 11023765 |
| ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection by candida glabrata in an adult. | we describe the first case of infection of a neurosurgical shunt by candida glabrata in an adult. the risk factors, clinical picture and response to therapy have been similar to similar cases caused by other candida sp. we must emphasize the unequivocal features of infection and the rapid and probably complete response to removal of the device. | 2000 | 11023766 |
| epidemiology of yeast colonization in the intensive care unit. | in order to investigate the epidemiology of colonization and possible transmission of yeasts among patients and healthcare workers in adult intensive care units (icus), 194 patients were followed for a mean of 9 +/- 11 days and 63 healthcare workers were followed for a mean of 132 +/- 52 days. among the patients, 142 (73%) were colonized by yeast, with candida albicans being the species most commonly recovered. most patients (65%) were already colonized with yeast upon admission to the intensive ... | 2000 | 11057499 |
| panfungal pcr and multiplex liquid hybridization for detection of fungi in tissue specimens. | a procedure based on panfungal pcr and multiplex liquid hybridization was developed for the detection of fungi in tissue specimens. the pcr amplified the fungal internal transcribed spacer (its) region (its1-5.8s rrna-its2). after capture with specific probes, eight common fungal pathogens (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, candida krusei, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, and cryptococcus neoformans) were identified according to the size of t ... | 2000 | 11060088 |
| novel triazole antifungal agents. | the risk of opportunistic infections is greatly increased in patients who are immunocompromised due to aids, cancer chemotherapy and organ or bone marrow transplantation. candida albicans is often associated with serious systemic fungal infections, however other candida species such as candida krusei, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata, as well as cryptococcus neoformans and filamentous fungi such as aspergillus, have also emerged as clinically significant fungal pathogens. two triazole ant ... | 2000 | 11060698 |
| in-vivo selection of an azole-resistant petite mutant of candida glabrata. | two isolates of candida glabrata from the same stool sample from a bone marrow transplant recipient treated with fluconazole, and designated 1084-l for large colonies on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose-agar and 1084-s for small colonies, were analysed. in-vitro susceptibility tests with a commercially available disk diffusion procedure showed that isolate 1084-l had a susceptibility pattern typical of wild-type strains of c. glabrata with sensitivity to polyenes and the presence of resistant colo ... | 2000 | 11073151 |
| determinants of different candida species infections of the genital tract in women. sporachrom study geoup. | we have analyzed the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of women with different candida low female genital tract infection. | 2000 | 11074134 |
| [yeast species identification in vulvovaginal candidiasis: susceptibility to nystatin]. | the rates of candida species and susceptibility to nystatin were evaluated. | 2000 | 11082956 |
| management of infections caused by candida glabrata. | candida glabrata infections undoubtedly have become more frequent, and are now common. they appear to be the consequence of widespread and often indiscriminate use of azoles, especially fluconazole. this species constitutes the achilles heel of all available azoles, including newer ones in the pipeline. even when amphotericin b is used, higher dosages are now required. little is known about the epidemiology of and risk factors for this troublesome species; even less about its virulence factors. ... | 2000 | 11095887 |
| impact of fluconazole prophylaxis on fungal colonization and infection rates in neutropenic patients. the canadian fluconazole study. | fungal colonization profiles from four different anatomical sites were evaluated in 266 neutropenic cancer patients receiving intensive cytotoxic therapy for acute leukaemia or for autologous marrow transplantation. at the beginning of chemotherapy patients were allocated randomly to receive oral fluconazole 400 mg daily or an identical placebo until prophylaxis failure or marrow recovery. candida albicans colonization was reduced from 30 to 10% in the fluconazole recipients while it increased f ... | 2000 | 11102422 |
| double-blind randomized dose-finding study in acute vulvovaginal candidosis. comparison of flutrimazole site-release cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream. | a double-blind randomized comparative phase ii study of flutrimazole site-release vaginal cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream was undertaken in patients with acute vulvovaginal candidosis. vaginitis was demonstrated by both positive findings on microscopic examination of vaginal smears and positive culture as well as by the presence of clinical signs and symptoms. the vaginal monodose treatment was inserted in the evening at bedtime using a vaginal applicator and, in addi ... | 2000 | 11105539 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some 3-arylamino-5-[2-(substituted 1-imidazolyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. | in this study, some 3-arylamino-5-[2-(substituted imidazol-1-yl or benzimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesised by reacting 3-(substituted imidazol-1-yl)propionyl hydrazides, with s-methyl-n'-arylisothiouronium iodide salts. their structures were elucidated by ir, 1h-nmr and mass spectroscopic data and elemental analyses results. antimicrobial activities of the compounds were observed against staphylococcus aureus nrrl b-767, micrococcus luteus nrrl b-4375, escherichia co ... | 2000 | 11137231 |
| discriminative power of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis using the microbial identification system (mis) for candida (torulopsis) glabrata and saccharomyces cerevisiae. | candida (torulopsis) glabrata is frequently isolated in cases of fungal infection and commonly shows acquired or innate fluconazole resistance. saccharomyces cerevisiae, an emerging opportunistic yeast pathogen, causes serious systemic infections in immunocompromised, and vaginitis and superficial infections in immunocompetent patients. for both species reliable identification in the routine laboratory is mandatory, but species identification of strains, e.g. trehalose-negative c. glabrata, may ... | 2000 | 11146246 |
| influence of glucose supplementation and inoculum size on growth kinetics and antifungal susceptibility testing of candida spp. | the influences of inoculum size and glucose supplementation on the growth kinetics of 60 candida spp. clinical isolates (candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida krusei, and candida lusitaniae [10 isolates each]) are assessed. the combined influence of growth and reading method (visual or spectrophotometric) on the determination of the mics of amphotericin b, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and voriconazole is also analyzed, and ... | 2001 | 11158101 |
| effects of glucose, vitamins, and do concentrations on pyruvate fermentation using torulopsis glabrata ifo 0005 with metabolic flux analysis. | the effects of glucose, vitamins, and do concentrations on efficient pyruvic acid fermentation were investigated using torulopsis glabrata ifo 0005, and a novel biphasic culture method was developed on the basis of the metabolic flux analysis. t. glabrata requires the four vitamins nicotinic acid (na), thiamine hydrochloride (b(1)), pyridoxine hydrochloride, and biotin for cell growth. the deficiency of these vitamins plays an essential role in pyruvate fermentation. in the present study, we con ... | 2001 | 11170481 |
| strain specificity of yeasts isolated from different locations of women suffering from vaginal candidosis, and their partners. | sexual partners often harbour identical yeast strains in the vagina, in the orointestinal tract and in semen in cases of recurrent vulvovaginal candidoses. specimen were collected from vagina, oral cavity and faeces of the patients, and from semen, oral cavity and faeces of their male partners. mycological cultures were grown on sabouraud glucose-agar and, if positive, specified by candida-id-agar (biomérieux), by formation of chlamydospores on rice agar, and by biochemotyping with the system wa ... | 2000 | 11204355 |
| rapid identification of candida glabrata based on trehalose and sucrose assimilation using rosco diagnostic tablets. | we developed a simple method for the identification of candida glabrata on the basis of the ability of this species to rapidly assimilate trehalose but not sucrose. after incubation of yeasts with rosco diagnostic tablets containing sucrose or trehalose, identification of c. glabrata was achieved in 4 h with 100% sensitivity and specificity. | 2001 | 11230452 |
| candida glabrata infection after total hip arthroplasty. | only two incidents of periprosthetic infection due to candida glabrata have been reported in the literature. we report successful treatment of a total hip replacement infected with this rare organism by a two-stage revision and synergistic combination antifungal therapy with amphotericin b and 5-flucytosine. | 2001 | 11243760 |
| role of atp-binding-cassette transporter genes in high-frequency acquisition of resistance to azole antifungals in candida glabrata. | candida glabrata has been often isolated from aids patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis treated with azole antifungal agents, especially fluconazole. we recently showed that the atp-binding-cassette (abc) transporter gene cgcdr1 was upregulated in c. glabrata clinical isolates resistant to azole antifungal agents (d. sanglard, f. ischer, d. calabrese, p. a. majcherczyk, and j. bille, antimicrob. agents chemother. 43:2753-2765, 1999). deletion of cgcdr1 in c. glabrata rendered the null mutant ... | 2001 | 11257032 |
| spontaneous fungal peritonitis (candida glabrata) in a patient with cirrhosis. | we report a case of spontaneous fungal peritonitis in a patient with cirrhosis. a 70-year-old woman with cirrhosis secondary to autoimmune hepatitis was admitted with fever and abdominal distention. paracentesis revealed neutrocytosis, and despite appropriate antibacterial coverage, no clinical improvement was noted and the ascitic fluid white cell count increased on repeat paracentesis. two consecutive ascitic fluid cultures grew candida glabrata, and antifungal therapy with amphotericin was in ... | 2001 | 11276287 |
| the fission yeast copper-sensing transcription factor cuf1 regulates the copper transporter gene expression through an ace1/amt1-like recognition sequence. | transcriptional regulation of genes encoding critical components of copper transport is essential for copper homeostasis and growth in yeast. analysis of regulatory regions in the promoter of the ctr4(+) copper transporter gene in fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe reveals the identity of a conserved copper-signaling element (cuse), which is recognized by the transcription factor cuf1. we demonstrate that cuse is necessary for transcriptional activation in response to copper deprivation con ... | 2001 | 11278870 |
| evaluation of etest for direct antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts in positive blood cultures. | the performance of the etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) for direct antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts in positive blood cultures was compared with that of the macrodilution method for determining the mics of five antifungal agents. culture broths with blood from bottles positive for yeasts were inoculated directly onto plates for susceptibility testing with the etest, and the mics were read after 24 and 48 h of incubation. a total of 141 positive blood cultures (72 cultures of candida ... | 2001 | 11283051 |
| fluconazole and voriconazole multidisk testing of candida species for disk test calibration and mic estimation. | fluconazole and voriconazole mics were determined for 114 clinical candida isolates, including isolates of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida lusitaniae, candida parapsilosis, and candida tropicalis. all strains were susceptible to voriconazole, and most strains were also susceptible to fluconazole, with the exception of c. glabrata and c. krusei, the latter being fully fluconazole resistant. single-strain regression analysis (sra) was applied to 54 strains, including am ... | 2001 | 11283066 |