| defensins. natural peptide antibiotics of human neutrophils. | we extracted a granule-rich sediment from normal human neutrophils and subjected it to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and functional analysis. the extract contained three small (molecular weight less than 3,500) antibiotic peptides that were named human neutrophil peptide (hnp)-1, hnp-2, and hnp-3, and which will be referred to as "defensins." hnp 1-3, a mixture of the three defensins, killed staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and escherichia coli effectively in vitro when tested ... | 1985 | 2997278 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: rapid detection in the spleen of an aids patient using dapi-fluorochrome. | | 1986 | 3012330 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: comparisons of in vitro antifungal susceptibilities of serotypes ad and bc. | thirty-nine isolates of cryptococcus neoformans, nineteen serotype ad and twenty serotype bc, were assayed for susceptibility to eight antifungal agents using an in vitro agar dilution assay. media employed were kimmig agar and yeast nitrogen base supplemented with 10% glucose. the antifungal agents used were ketoconazole, amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, nystatin, miconazole, bay n 7133, ici 153,066, and itraconazole. no clinically significant differences in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrat ... | 1986 | 3014339 |
| treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in mice with fluconazole. | fluconazole is a recently developed triazole with activity in vitro against cryptococcus neoformans, water solubility, and excellent oral absorption. we compared fluconazole in murine cryptococcosis with ketoconazole and amphotericin b. fluconazole was highly effective in suppressing cryptococcosis in mice challenged by the intravenous and intranasal routes, and was comparable with the other two drugs in its protective capacity. however, fluconazole was superior to ketoconazole and comparable wi ... | 1986 | 3019986 |
| pulmonary cytology of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an analysis of 36 cases. | the infectious pathogens and associated cellular reactions in 75 pulmonary cytological specimens obtained largely by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 36 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are described and correlated with the biopsy specimens. an opportunistic pathogen was diagnosed in 33% of cytological preparations. pneumocystis carinii was encountered most frequently; cryptococcus neoformans and cytomegalovirus were also seen. the polymorphonuclear neutrophil was the predominan ... | 1986 | 3021408 |
| modulation of bhanja virus infection in mice. | randombred (icr) and inbred (c57b1/6) 4-wk-old spf male mice were infected extraneurally with bhanja virus (bunyaviridae) and subjected to various treatments. immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (cpa) affected the course of the infection when a higher dose (10(6) suckling mouse intracerebral ld50) of the virus and 2 or 3 injections of cpa (150 mg/kg each) were given: then a part of the animals died due to viral encephalitis, whereas all the cpa-untreated infected mice survived. a dual periph ... | 1986 | 3024424 |
| thoracic manifestations of aids. | of 67 hospitalized aids patients, 39 had pulmonary pathology. more than half of these patients died of pulmonary disease. pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare were the most common pulmonary pathogens, and kaposi's sarcoma was the most common neoplasm. infections and neoplasms frequently coexist in the thorax of an aids patient. the chest radiograph may be normal in an aids patient with active pneumocystis pneumonia. | 1987 | 3026159 |
| activity of orally, topically, and parenterally administered itraconazole in the treatment of superficial and deep mycoses: animal models. | the activity of itraconazole in vitro was evaluated for 2,094 strains of 132 fungal species, one achloric alga, nine actinomycetes, and six bacterial species. itraconazole was active against dermatophytes (271 strains), candida species (1,303), cryptococcus neoformans (27), torulopsis species (170), pityrosporum species (40), aspergillus species (87), sporothrix schenckii (12), dimorphic fungi, dematiaceae, and various other organisms. this activity depended largely on the test conditions and th ... | 1987 | 3027843 |
| degenerative changes in fungi after itraconazole treatment. | changes in morphogenetic behavior and structural degeneration after exposure to itraconazole are illustrated in candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, pityrosporum ovale, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, trichophyton rubrum, and aspergillus fumigatus. with the exception of p. ovale, primary alterations are seen at the cell periphery and the cytoplasmic vacuoles in which lipid-like vesicles assemble. these changes are usually accompanied by a marked increase in cell volume, impaired cell divisi ... | 1987 | 3027844 |
| neurological complications and concomitants of aids. | a survey of the literature of neurological manifestations associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) shows a broad disease spectrum affecting approximately one third of the patients in large hospital series. the complications include focal cerebral lesions caused by abscesses, lymphomas, leucoencephalopathy or infarcts as well as encephalitis, meningitis and myelitis. most opportunistic infections of the central nervous system presumably are caused by toxoplasma gondii, cytom ... | 1986 | 3030038 |
| cryptococcus neoformans: a central nervous system isolate from an aids patient that is rhinotropic in a normal mouse model. | a strain of cryptococcus neoformans that was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a human diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and that produced cutaneous lesions in experimentally infected, normal mice is described. although no unusual cutaneous manifestations were noted in the patient's records, this isolate of c. neoformans proved to be dermotropic when injected intravenously into cd-1 mice. the ld50 at 28 days post infection ranged from 3.6-7.5 x 10(5) cells per ... | 1988 | 3043225 |
| cryptococcus neoformans antibody levels in patients with aids. | anti-cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide (cps) antibodies were measured by elisa in patients with aids related complex or aids without a known history of cryptococcosis and in heterosexual healthy controls. total and igg anti-cps antibody activity was rarely detected in patients, with mean levels lower than in controls, whereas igm antibody activity was similar in the 3 groups. since both humoral and cellular immunity appear to be of great importance during cryptococcosis, the inabil ... | 1988 | 3043650 |
| infection of the central nervous system in organ transplant recipients. | infections of the central nervous system are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients of organ transplants. three organisms--listeria monocytogenes, aspergillus fumigatus, and cryptococcus neoformans--account for the great majority of such infections. the incidence of these infections is directly related to the patient's net state of immunosuppression and to the epidemiologic exposures he encounters. there is an expected timetable of when particular infections are likely to oc ... | 1988 | 3047541 |
| neutrophil migration is defective during recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor infusion after autologous bone marrow transplantation in humans. | we have previously reported that continuous intravenous (iv) administration of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhugm-csf) to humans following high-dose alkylating agent chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support (abms) results in myeloid bone marrow maturation, accelerated granulocyte recovery, and reduced treatment-related toxicity. however, we found that leukocyte counts declined rapidly after discontinuation of rhugm-csf therapy, which suggests possible grow ... | 1988 | 3048440 |
| abdominal cryptococcoma in aids: a case report. | cryptococcosis is a recognized opportunistic pathogen in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. although central nervous system infection and disseminated cryptococcosis is common in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, localized infection is rare. we present a case of massive retroperitoneal and mesenteric adenopathy in a male homosexual patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome with clinical and radiologic features suggestive of lymphoma. however, this was proven pathologically to rep ... | 1988 | 3048904 |
| strain variation in phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans: dissociation of susceptibility to phagocytosis from activation and binding of opsonic fragments of c3. | phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans is markedly influenced by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. we examined activation and binding of c3 fragments to eight isolates of c. neoformans. all isolates were shown to have capsules by light and electron microscopy. these strains differed in susceptibility to phagocytosis by neutrophils. yeast cells were opsonized by incubation in normal human serum. five strains were resistant to ingestion, two strains showed intermediate levels of resistanc ... | 1988 | 3049374 |
| multicenter evaluation of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation. | we initiated a comparative study of four methods of yeast inoculum preparation: a spectrophotometric method, the wickerham card method, a hemacytometer method, and the prompt inoculation system. the variability in inoculum size obtained when each method was applied to two strains each of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, torulopsis glabrata, cryptococcus neoformans, and saccharomyces cerevisiae was analyzed in a single laboratory. each method was performed in triplicate ... | 1988 | 3049651 |
| demonstration, by immunoelectronmicroscopy, of a cell wall antigen in trichosporon beigelii that cross-reacts with cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide. | | 1988 | 3049842 |
| a multi-infection model for antifungal screening in vivo. | a new in-vivo antifungal screen is described in which each mouse is given a vaginal infection with candida albicans, a dermal infection with trichophyton quinckeanum, a systemic infection with can. albicans and a lung infection with cryptococcus neoformans. mice are dosed orally once daily on days 0-3 and infections evaluated on day 6 by visually scoring the dermal lesions and by culturing vaginal samples and kidney and lung homogenates. mice carrying the multiple infections show no signs of dis ... | 1988 | 3053561 |
| disseminated infection caused by urease-negative cryptococcus neoformans. | we report a case of fungemia and disseminated disease caused by a urease-negative strain of cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. except for failure to hydrolyze urea, the microbiological characteristics of the isolate were typical of c. neoformans. laboratory specialists should be aware of the occurrence of atypical strains of c. neoformans, particularly those recovered from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | 1988 | 3053768 |
| septic arthritis due to cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcal arthritis is rare. we report two cases, one of infection of the hip joint in a 56-year-old woman, the other of arthritis of the elbows and knees in a 4-year-old boy. both patients were treated successfully with a combination of surgical drainage and antifungal therapy. the 15 previously published cases are reviewed. immunodeficiency is noted in most reported cases commonly associated with the use of corticosteroids. the joint most often involved is the knee. amphotericin b and 5-flu ... | 1988 | 3053912 |
| functional versus phenotypic analysis of t cells in subjects seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus: a prospective study of in vitro responses to cryptococcus neoformans. | we performed a prospective study of 50 subjects at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to determine if assays of antigen-specific t cell function provide an earlier indication of future progression to aids or a better assessment of immune function than do current methods of evaluation. we measured in vitro t cell responses to cryptococcus neoformans and tetanus toxoid, response to mitogens, hiv p24 antigenemia, and clinical parameters. progression to aids was significantly ... | 1988 | 3053921 |
| role of the capsule in phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans. | the capsule is closely associated with the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans. the capsule inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. studies in our laboratory have shown that incubation of encapsulated cryptococci in normal human serum leads to deposition of large amounts of c3 fragments at the surface of the yeast and lesser amounts of igg within the capsule. thus, the capsule mediates two biologic activities with opposing effects. it is our current view that phagocyto ... | 1988 | 3055212 |
| in vitro interactions between blastomyces dermatitidis and other zoopathogenic fungi. | the results of in vitro interactions between colonies of blastomyces dermatitidis and six other zoopathogenic fungi are reported. the interactions were found to range from neutral with histoplasma capsulatum and candida albicans to strongly antagonistic with microsporum gypseum, pseudallescheria boydii, and sporothrix schenckii, and including lysis by cryptococcus neoformans. these observations suggest that interactions between zoopathogenic fungi may be one of the biotic factors likely to influ ... | 1988 | 3058276 |
| fungal infections in aids. cryptococcosis. | cryptococcus neoformans, histoplasma capsulatum, and coccidioides immitis are the three fungi that regularly cause disseminated, life-threatening disease in patients with aids. cryptococcosis is the fourth most common opportunistic infection in patients with aids and results in meningitis or pneumonia or both, in most cases. in addition, there have been unusual focal infections described and even unexplained fever alone. in any patient at risk for hiv infection, routine screening tests should in ... | 1988 | 3060529 |
| [pulmonary cryptococcosis: a current problem]. | | 1988 | 3060933 |
| localized osseous cryptococcal infection. report of 2 cases. | cryptococcal infection in man is widely disseminated and commonly involves the central nervous system. primary bone involvement is rare. we report on 2 cases of localized cryptococcal osseous lesions treated successfully by surgery. | 1988 | 3063057 |
| electron microscopic cytochemical analysis of hepatic granuloma induced by cryptococcus neoformans. | the hepatic granulomas in experimental cryptococcosis were analyzed by peroxidase (po) cytochemistry. cryptococcus neoformans was inoculated intravenously into rats (group a), and some rats were administrated with dextran sulphate to suppress kupffer cell functions before inoculation (group b). all rats were sacrificed 7 days after inoculation. the livers were examined po cytochemically. in addition, the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys and brain were also examined histopathologically. the hepatic ... | 1988 | 3063965 |
| enhanced binding of capsular polysaccharides of cryptococcus neoformans to polystyrene microtitration plates for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure antibodies against capsular polysaccharide was developed, based on the enhanced binding of polysaccharide to polystyrene microtitration plates. the wells of the microtitration plate were primed with an adipic acid dihydrazide derivative of bovine serum albumin (ah-bsa) (100 micrograms/ml, 0.01 m napo4-0.14 m nacl, ph 7.2 (pbs]. capsular polysaccharide, the glucuronoxylomannan of cryptococcus neoformans serotype a, was oxidized with ... | 1988 | 3064947 |
| [fever of unknown origin and cryptococcal antigen]. | | 1988 | 3067009 |
| [derivatives of phenoxyacetamide and antimycotic activity]. | novel n-(3-methyl-4-r-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-r1-4-r2-phenoxyacetamides and n-(3-methyl-4-r-isoxazol-5-yl)-2-(2-r1-4-r2-phenoxyacetamido) benzamides were prepared and tested against candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. the results of the antimicrobial assay showed that the presence of two amidic groups usually enhances antimycotic activity. | 1988 | 3068075 |
| rapid detection of positive blood cultures with the bactec nr-660 does not require first-day subculturing. | an analysis of blood culture data was performed to determine whether subculturing within the first 24 h of incubation decreased the time to detection of positive blood cultures when compared with the routine use of the bactec nr-660 system (johnston laboratories, inc., towson, md.). during a 9-month period (june 1985 to february 1986), 17,913 blood cultures were received in our laboratory, of which 1,463 (8.2%) became positive. of the positive cultures, 97% were detected with equal or greater ra ... | 1988 | 3069859 |
| persistence of infection in mice inoculated intranasally with cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans was instilled intranasally into mice which were periodically sacrificed to determine the course of infection. cryptococci persisted within the nasal passages throughout the 90 day study. extranasal dissemination began 14-28 days after instillation and was still demonstrable 90 days post-exposure. ten percent mortality was observed in mice receiving 10(6) cryptococci, while no mortality was observed in mice exposed to 10(3) or 10(4) cryptococci. our research suggests that ... | 1988 | 3070384 |
| type-specific polysaccharides of cryptococcus neoformans. n.m.r.-spectral study of a glucuronomannan chemically derived from a tremella mesenterica exopolysaccharide. | a glucuronomannan (gm) was derived by removal, through smith degradation, of xylose from the native (3-o-acetylglucurono)xylomannan exopolysaccharide isolated from tremella mesenterica. 13c-n.m.r. chemical shifts measured at various pd values were compared for p-nitrophenyl beta-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid (1) and two gms (2 and 3) differing in glca content (man:glca; 2, 10:1; and 3, 5:1). also measured and compared were pka values for 1 and 2. one-dimensional and two-dimensional (cosy and hetco ... | 1988 | 3072079 |
| [analysis of trichosporon cutaneum and cryptococcus neoformans antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using antiserum, sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis]. | | 1988 | 3074210 |
| disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with malignant lymphoma. | | 1988 | 3075267 |
| cryptococcus meningitis following vertebral tuberculosis. | | 1988 | 3075269 |
| encapsulation and melanin formation as indicators of virulence in cryptococcus neoformans. | acapsular (cap-) mutants of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans that produce melanin (mel+) on diphenol media at 30 degrees c but not at 37 degrees c were found to be avirulent for mice. compared with wild-type isolates, the mutants had a lower rate of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine uptake at 37 degrees c and showed an insignificant level of phenoloxidase activity at both temperatures. to study the relationship of cap and mel phenotypes to virulence in mice, we crossed one of the mutants (cap- ... | 1986 | 3079732 |
| [a case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated by ketoconazole and amphotericin b combination therapy]. | | 1986 | 3090171 |
| the biochemical basis for the distinction between the two cryptococcus neoformans varieties with cgb medium. | the biochemical basis for the reaction to canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue (cgb) agar by cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii and c. neoformans var. neoformans was investigated. all of the var. gattii isolates tested were found to utilize glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen and were resistant to l-canavanine. only 11% of the serotype d isolates of var. neoformans utilized glycine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but these were all sensitive to canavanine. nineteen percen ... | 1986 | 3094288 |
| a strain of multiform cryptococcus neoformans. | | 1986 | 3100152 |
| mycobacteria and cryptococci cultured from the buffy coat of aids patients prior to symptomatology: a rationale for early therapy. | culture of the buffy coat layer of the peripheral blood of 14 aids patients demonstrated sustained mycobacteremia or fungemia: 11 with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, 2 with cryptococcus neoformans, and one with mycobacterium tuberculosis. the early detection of these agents prior to the onset of overt symptomatology of disseminated infection due to these microorganisms allowed speculations on an early phase bacteremia and the proposal of prompt inception of antimicrobial therapy while the m ... | 1986 | 3101713 |
| in vitro effect of cyclosporine on interleukin-2 receptor expression stimulated by cryptococcus neoformans. | | 1987 | 3102632 |
| urease inhibition by edta in the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans (74 isolates) and c. neoformans var. gattii (44 isolates) were used to test urease activity after growth on both yeast extract-glucose-peptone agar (yepg) and on yepg supplemented with 100 microm edta. every isolate grown on yepg agar for 48 h at 30 degrees c produced a positive reaction within 1 h in a modified rapid urease assay at 37 degrees c. however, isolates grown on yepg with 100 microm edta showed a distinct pattern which corresponded to their var ... | 1987 | 3112009 |
| serological, electrophoretic, and biological properties of cryptococcus neoformans antigens. | we compared a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen referred to as cnef with chemically defined cryptococcal antigen fractions isolated by cherniak and co-workers by using double immunodiffusion gels, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblots, and footpad reactivity of immunized mice. the three previously described components of cryptococcal culture filtrates are a high-molecular-weight glucuronoxylo-mannan (gxm), which is the major constituent, a galactoxylomannan (gaixm), and a mannoprot ... | 1988 | 3123390 |
| benzoquinone activation of cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide for construction of an immunoaffinity column. | p-benzoquinone was used as a two-step coupling reagent for preparation of an immunoaffinity absorbent in which the capsular polysaccharide of cryptococcus neoformans was linked to an agarose gel. cryptococcal polysaccharide is a difficult subject for chemical modification because it contains immunogenic o-acetyl groups which are sensitive to alkaline hydrolysis. the polysaccharide was activated by treatment with benzoquinone. the 'activated' polysaccharide was reactive with amino groups on ah-se ... | 1988 | 3125258 |
| differential stimulation of murine resident peritoneal cells by selectively opsonized encapsulated and acapsular cryptococcus neoformans. | stimulation of murine resident peritoneal cells (rpcs) by encapsulated strain 52 and acapsular strain 602 of cryptococcus neoformans was compared. fresh serum was required for fungistasis of both strains. encapsulated organisms were killed only if the rpcs were activated with gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) or if the organisms were opsonized with anticapsular immunoglobulin g (igg). in contrast, acapsular organisms were killed by unactivated rpcs, with enhanced killing seen if the cells were activa ... | 1988 | 3138176 |
| disseminated cryptococcosis due to cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii in a canadian patient with aids. | | 1988 | 3141183 |
| melanogenesis in cryptococcus neoformans. | melanogenesis in cryptococcus neoformans begins with the oxidation of dihydroxyphenylalanine by the enzyme phenol oxidase. the succeeding steps are very rapid. two intermediates, dopachrome and 5,6-dihydroxyindole, have been isolated and characterized by high performance liquid chromatography. a pathway of melanin formation in c. neoformans is proposed, based on the presence of these intermediates. | 1988 | 3141580 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans--infection in aids]. | | 1988 | 3146085 |
| antifungal peptides with novel specific inhibitors of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase. | n3-4-methoxyfumaroyl-l-2,3-diaminopropanoic acid (fmdp) has been found to be a strong and selective inhibitor of glucosamine 6-phosphate synthase from candida albicans. incorporation of fmdp into a dipeptide structure has produced effective antifungal agents (portage transport). a number of dipeptides containing fmdp have been synthesized, with nva-fmdp showing the highest in vitro activity against different fungi, including candida albicans (mic90 = 2.2 micrograms/ml for 50 clinical strains), c ... | 1988 | 3149235 |
| the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | this article discusses clinical, immunologic, and etiologic considerations in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and the relationship of aids to other immunodeficiency diseases. the outstanding clinical feature of aids is the occurrence of opportunistic infections in individuals with no prior known cause of immunodeficiency. such infections have included pneumocystis carinii, oral thrush from candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, atypical mycobacteria, cryptosporidium, and herpes simpl ... | 1985 | 3155526 |
| effects of first-order cryptococcus-specific t-suppressor cells on induction of cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity. | cell-mediated immunity is an important aspect of host resistance against cryptococcus neoformans. using a cba/j murine model, we demonstrated that injection of cryptococcal antigen (cnef) at dosages sufficient to stimulate the antigenemia observed in cryptococcosis patients induces specific t-cell-mediated suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response. the purpose of this study was to establish whether lyt 1+, first-order t-suppressor (ts1) cells block the induction of t ... | 1985 | 3157646 |
| comparison of the quantum ii, api yeast ident, and automicrobic systems for identification of clinical yeast isolates. | the quantum ii yeast identification system (abbott laboratories) is a microprocessor-based spectrophotometric system for identification of clinical yeast isolates within 24 h. we compared the quantum ii system with the api yeast ident (analytab products) and the automicrobic system yeast biochemical card (ams-ybc; vitek systems, inc.) for the identification of 221 clinical yeast isolates, including 120 common clinical isolates (candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. parapsilosis, torulopsis glabrat ... | 1988 | 3182994 |
| [clinical aspects and pathologico-anatomic findings in aids patients with cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis]. | | 1988 | 3185845 |
| [hiv infection: neuropsychiatric symptoms]. | basing on the actual publications, the most important neurological and psychopathological symptoms of hiv-infection are systematically reported. opportunistic infections are producing important neurological symptoms. a case of cryptococcus neoformans-infection of the brain is described. | 1988 | 3212097 |
| persistent diarrhoea in zairian aids patients: an endoscopic and histological study. | to determine the aetiology of persistent diarrhoea in african patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), 42 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and persistent diarrhoea were enrolled in a microbiological, endoscopic, and histological study. cryptosporidium was the intestinal parasite most often identified (30%); isospora belli was found in 12% of the patients. histological examination of the duodenal mucosa showed a non-specific inflammatory reaction in a significantly ... | 1988 | 3220308 |
| [central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting--a case report]. | the ascites retention as a complication after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting (v-p shunt) is very rare. in this paper, a case of central nervous cryptococcosis giving rise to ascites after a v-p shunt is presented. a 45-year-old female was referred to prefectural gifu hospital complaining of nausea and disturbance of recent memory. she had no remarkable medical history. ct scan films on admission showed enlarged ventricles except for the fourth ventricle, indicating an obstructed hydrocephalus. l ... | 1988 | 3221972 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some n-monosubstituted 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamides. | a short series of n-monosubstituted (aryl, aminoacyl, dipeptidyl)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-(z) -2-methoxyiminoacetamides was synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. a few members showed a somewhat interesting inhibitory action against cryptococcus neoformans (mic = 150 micrograms/ml). | 1988 | 3237741 |
| cryptococcal antigen survey among racing pigeon workers and patients with cryptococcosis, pythiosis, histoplasmosis and penicilliosis. | the cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination system (calas) test is simple, sensitive and specific. a total of 129 serum samples, 29 cerebrospinal fluids (csf) and one ascitic fluid from 143 subjects were tested in the study. cryptococcal antigenaemia was present in all csf specimens tested from patients with culture-proven cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia, and in 91% of tested serum from the same group of patients with cryptococcal meningitis and cryptococcaemia. the occurrence of fa ... | 1988 | 3253220 |
| inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis in cryptococcosis: phenotypic analysis of the suppressor cell. | our laboratory has previously reported a suppressor cell mechanism to occur late in the course of a lethal infection with cryptococcus neoformans. a soluble factor was found to be responsible for inhibition of the phagocytic activity of a subpopulation of peritoneal macrophages. the suppressor cell was identified as a t cell which required in vitro stimulation with specific antigen before the phagocytosis-inhibiting lymphokine (pil) was produced. pil action was allospecific and occurred in anima ... | 1988 | 3259473 |
| solitary retinovitreal abscess as the initial manifestation of cryptococcosis. | in a 63-year-old white man with a history of long-term use of systemic corticosteroids for polyarteritis nodosa, progressive clouding of vision in the right eye developed over a 2-month period. cytologic analysis of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a solitary fluffy retinovitreal mass demonstrated cryptococcus neoformans. subsequent cerebrospinal fluid cultures were also positive for c. neoformans. systemic antifungal therapy was given using amphotericin-b and 5-fluorocytosine. proliferative v ... | 1988 | 3262846 |
| pulmonary disease at autopsy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to characterize the postmortem pulmonary disease and analyze the effectiveness of antemortem diagnosis, we examined the clinical records and autopsy material from 54 patients who died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. at autopsy, all patients had pulmonary disease. one or more specific diagnoses were made in 53, including opportunistic infection, nonopportunistic infection, and kaposi's sarcoma. multiple postmortem pulmonary diagnoses were established in 37. respiratory failure was the ... | 1988 | 3266812 |
| cyclosporin a inhibits the growth of cryptococcus neoformans in a murine model. | cryptococcus neoformans is a frequent opportunistic infectious agent in patients with decreased t-lymphocyte-mediated immune function, including those with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. cyclosporin a (csa), a potent inhibitor of t-lymphocyte function, was administered subcutaneously to mice to study the pathogenesis of c. neoformans infections in the setting of impaired t-cell function. surprisingly, survival was prolonged indefinitely in animals that received immunosuppressive doses of c ... | 1988 | 3275587 |
| immunohistochemical identification of trichosporon beigelii in histologic section by immunoperoxidase method. | an indirect immunoperoxidase method capable of identifying an opportunistic fungus, trichosporon beigelii, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue has been developed. the authors studied autopsy materials from 19 patients with various fungal infections, including 3 patients with disseminated t. beigelii infection, 8 patients with localized or systemic candidiasis, 4 patients with invasive aspergillosis, 2 patients with pulmonary mucormycosis, and 2 patients with systemic cryptococcosis. t. b ... | 1988 | 3276138 |
| in vitro susceptibility of cryptococcus neoformans isolates from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | cryptococcus neoformans strains from 26 individual patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and three isolates from patients without aids were tested for their susceptibility to amphotericin b, flucytosine, ketoconazole, and miconazole nitrate. ninety percent of the c neoformans isolates from patients with aids were inhibited by drug concentrations within achievable serum levels. the minimum fungicidal concentration of the four tested antifungal agents, however, exceeded obtainabl ... | 1988 | 3276290 |
| interactions between human natural killer (nk) lymphocytes and yeast cells: human nk cells do not kill candida albicans, although c. albicans blocks nk lysis of k562 cells. | rodent natural killer (nk) lymphocytes are cytotoxic to certain fungi. we investigated whether human nk cells are cytotoxic to the yeast candida albicans. we found that human peripheral blood lymphocytes possessing nk cell activity had little or no effect on the viability of the yeast. unopsonized c. albicans, however, were able to block nk cell-mediated cytotoxicity at a ratio of 100 yeast to one k562 erythroleukemia cell. c. albicans was not toxic to the lymphocytes nor did it take up isotope ... | 1988 | 3277914 |
| cryptococcal meningitis in patients with aids. | the cryptococcus has become a major cause of meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), and the expression of cryptococcal infection in this population of patients is quite unique. often the infection is devoid of inflammatory response and is associated with very high antigen and fungal titers. response to amphotericin therapy is erratic, and relapse is common. we have asked dr. william e. dismukes, principal investigator of the niaid mycoses study group, to dis ... | 1988 | 3279135 |
| structure determination of cryptococcus neoformans serotype a-variant glucuronoxylomannan by 13c-n.m.r. spectroscopy. | a series of polysaccharides was derived by physical and chemical methods from an antigenic, o-acetyl-containing, glucuronoxylomannan (gxm), isolated from the growth medium of cryptococcus neoformans (cdc b2550) serotype a-variant having composition ratios of man:xyl:glca:oac = 10:4:3:6. 13c-n.m.r. spectra of derivatives provided new structural evidence for gxm. treatment of gxm with li in ethylenediamine gave a xylomannan (xm, with man:xyl = 5:2). smith degradation of xm gave a mannan (m). ultra ... | 1988 | 3280130 |
| specific amino acid (l-arginine) requirement for the microbiostatic activity of murine macrophages. | the microbiostatic action of macrophages was studied in vitro employing peritoneal cytotoxic macrophages (cm) from mice acting against cryptococcus neoformans cultured in dulbecco's medium with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum. fungistasis was measured using electronic particle counting after lysis of macrophages with detergent. macrophage fungistasis failed in medium lacking only l-arginine. complete fungistasis was restored by l-arginine; restoration was concentration dependent, maximal at 200 ... | 1988 | 3280600 |
| cryptococcal peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis. | peritonitis is an unusual complication of infections caused by cryptococcus neoformans and has rarely been reported in patients with end-stage renal disease who are maintained on peritoneal dialysis. we report two patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis in whom the first known manifestation of cryptococcal infection was dialysate cultures positive for cryptococcus neoformans. one patient was on prednisone for systemic lupus erythematosis. the other patient was severely malnourished with type i d ... | 1988 | 3285671 |
| soluble polysaccharides of cryptococcus neoformans. | | 1988 | 3288362 |
| c1q enhances the phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans blastospores by human monocytes. | we investigated whether c1q, a subunit of the first component of c, could modulate human peripheral blood monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans (cn). adherence of monocytes to c1q-coated surfaces induced a significant enhancement of ingestion of cn blastospores that had been opsonized with specific anticapsular igg (igg-cn). additionally, c1q enhanced the monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of cn opsonized with c (cn-absorbed, nonimmune, normal human serum; c-cn). ingestion of igg ... | 1988 | 3290342 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in québec (1985-1986). | | 1988 | 3292910 |
| simultaneous infection with cryptococcus neoformans and legionella pneumophila. in vivo expression of common defects in cell-mediated immunity. | we describe 3 patients with simultaneous infection by cryptococcus neoformans and legionella pneumophila. legionnaires' disease (pneumonia) occurred shortly after onset of cryptococcal meningitis in a cardiac transplant patient receiving ciclosporin, a second patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and a third patient with hodgkin's disease and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. defects in cell-mediated immunity have been identified in patients with hematologic malignancies and in those who have rec ... | 1988 | 3293133 |
| failure of the bactec 460 radiometer to detect cryptococcus neoformans fungemia in an aids patient. | cryptococcus neoformans fungemia occurred in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the bactec 460 radiometer failed to detect cryptococcus neoformans in eight aerobic bactec 6b culture bottles inoculated with the patient's blood. the diagnosis of cryptococcemia was established by terminal (seven-day) subculturing of 6b broth to chocolate agar, which was positive for all eight radiometrically negative blood culture bottles. it appears that radiometric measurement is not op ... | 1987 | 3296739 |
| serogroup distribution of cryptococcus neoformans in patients with aids. | | 1987 | 3298455 |
| clinical and laboratory features of cryptococcosis. a five-year experience. | | 1987 | 3299036 |
| magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cdna sequence of a precursor. | a family of peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity has been isolated from the skin of the african clawed frog xenopus laevis. it consists of two closely related peptides that are each 23 amino acids and differ by two substitutions. these peptides are water soluble, nonhemolytic at their effective antimicrobial concentrations, and potentially amphiphilic. at low concentrations they inhibit growth of numerous species of bacteria and fungi and induce osmotic lysis of protozoa. the sequ ... | 1987 | 3299384 |
| recurrent meningitis of 5 years duration due to cryptococcus neoformans. | a patient with recurrent meningitis over five and a half years due to cryptococcus neoformans is reported. the relapsing course and the unusual diagnostic features are emphasized. | 1987 | 3299932 |
| activity of phenothiazines against medically important yeasts. | two phenothiazine compounds, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, inhibited growth in vitro of the five most common pathogenic yeasts, with mics ranging from 10 to 40 micrograms/ml. daily intraperitoneal injections of trifluoperazine (4 to 7 mg/kg of body weight) increased the survival of mice experimentally infected with candida albicans or cryptococcus neoformans. the potential use of these drugs against fungal meningitis is discussed. | 1987 | 3300543 |
| urease testing and yeast taxonomy. | when urease production was assayed by the hydrolysis of [14c]urea, all basidiomycetous yeasts tested, including the cryptococcus vishniacii complex (previously reported urease negative), produced significant amounts of 14co2. the schizosaccharomycetaceae were the only urease-positive ascomycetous yeasts tested. yarrowia lipolytica was urease negative. the stoichiometry of [14c]urea hydrolysis paralleled by roberts' rapid urea hydrolysis (ruh) test indicated that causes of anomalous results in co ... | 1987 | 3300912 |
| activation and binding of c3 by candida albicans. | interaction with components of the complement system is an important aspect of the pathogenesis of infection by candida albicans. the key role of c3 as an opsonic ligand and as an element in amplification of complement activation led us to examine several factors that influence the activation and binding of c3 cleavage fragments to the yeast. activation and binding of c3 were determined by use of normal human serum containing 125i-labeled c3. incubation of yeast-phase cells in 20% serum led to d ... | 1987 | 3301679 |
| cryptococcal udp-glucose dehydrogenase: enzymic control of capsular biosynthesis. | udp-glucuronate, formed through dehydrogenation of udp-glucose and itself decarboxylated to make udp-xylose, is the presumed donor for the glucuronyl side-groups in biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide in cryptococcus neoformans. a specific radiochromatographic assay for udp-glucose dehydrogenase shows that the enzyme is present in the cytosol. the enzyme is very labile but is stabilized by 25% glycerol. the enzyme is inhibited strongly by nadh (ki,nadh = km,nad = 0.1 to 0.2 mm). it is al ... | 1987 | 3302196 |
| ultrastructure of thin and thick capsulated cells in cryptococcus neoformans. | | 1987 | 3302434 |
| [30 patients with a 'hidden' disease: cryptococcal meningitis]. | | 1987 | 3302732 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), also called the human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus [htlv-iii/lav], has affected over 23,000 people; more than half of those with the disease have died. the actual case fatality rate approaches 100%. aids affects all groups and classes of people, although some are at special risk. distribution of the disease is worldwide. the illness' effects on the body are widesprea ... | 1987 | 3303395 |
| colonization and pathogenesis of cryptococcus neoformans in gnotobiotic mice. | congenitally immunodeficient nude (nu/nu) mice and their immunocompetent littermates (nu/+) were used to determine whether the absence of thymus-matured t cells would alter the capacity of cryptococcus neoformans to colonize their mucosal surfaces or enhance their susceptibility to systemic cryptococcosis, or both, following oral challenge. we present data demonstrating that an encapsulated strain of c. neoformans serotype a colonized the alimentary tracts of germfree, conventional, and antibiot ... | 1987 | 3305359 |
| [salmonella bacteremia and generalized cryptococcosis, a double indicator of african aids]. | a male rwandese adult with proven a.i.d.s. died from generalized cryptococcosis six months after episodes of recurrent fever with isolation of salmonella enteritidis from the blood culture. the authors discuss the frequent and precocious appearance of salmonella septicaemia in patients with a.i.d.s. they propose the inclusion of nontyphoidal salmonella bacteraemia in the provisional w.h.o. case definition of adult a.i.d.s. in countries with limited diagnostic resources. | 1987 | 3306249 |
| pulmonary cryptococcosis in aids. | cryptococcus neoformans is emerging as an important etiologic agent of disseminated infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). little attention has been placed on the pulmonary expression of this systemic infection. we report five patients with aids and cryptococcosis with primary pulmonary involvement. patients usually presented with fever, cough, dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. chest x-ray findings varied from localized and diffuse infiltration to lymphadenopa ... | 1987 | 3308348 |
| reaction of fungal products with amebocyte lysates of the japanese horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus. | a commercially available endotoxin assay (cs-tal) employing a chromogenic peptide and an amebocyte lysate from the japanese horseshoe crab, tachypleus tridentatus, gave a positive result with aqueous extracts of all 15 strains of candida albicans and 1 strain each of candida tropicalis, cryptococcus neoformans, and a mucor species that we tested. purified glucans prepared from the candida strains gave the same results. reconstruction experiments showed that the positive results were not due to c ... | 1987 | 3308950 |
| evaluation of the experimental pathogenicity of some cryptococcus species in normal and cyclophosphamide-immunodepressed mice. | the pathogenic potential of distinct cryptococcus species has been evaluated in mice rendered leukopenic by one or two injections of the potent immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (cy). pathogenicity assessment included enumeration of viable cryptococcal cells in animal organs and histopathological observations. it was found that putatively non-pathogenic species of cryptococcus, in particular c. cereanus and c. albidus, showed significant lethality for cy-treated mice. in cy-immunodepressed ... | 1987 | 3309578 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans, var. neoformans, cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, causative agents of cryptococcosis]. | | 1987 | 3311260 |
| new heterocyclic derivatives of benzimidazole with germicidal activity. iv--in vivo anticandida activity of 5-fluoro-2-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl) benzimidazole (f-o-no2). | we have studied the possible in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of 5-fluoro-2-(5'-nitro-2'-furyl)benzimidazole (f-o-no2). our data demonstrate that f-o-no2 is able to inhibit the in vitro growth of different mycetes and bacteria, including candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans. we also tested the possible in vivo activity against candida albicans. the results clearly show that treatment with f-o-no2 is able to significantly augment the survival of all treated animals; in particul ... | 1987 | 3311805 |
| ultrastructure of the mitotic apparatus in cryptococcus neoformans. | mitosis in cryptococcus neoformans was examined by electron microscopy. observation of serial sections showed that the separation of chromosomes occurred in the karyokinetic nucleus in the bud, that the microtubule organizing center (mtoc) was composed of two globular elements and a bridged middle piece, and that the nuclear envelope of the karyokinetic nucleus was partially destroyed during mitosis. these findings are similar to those reported in the heterobasidiomycetous yeasts. in addition, s ... | 1987 | 3312556 |
| growth inhibition of cryptococcus neoformans by human alveolar macrophages. | macrophage cytotoxicity for cryptococcus neoformans was investigated by culturing human alveolar macrophage (am) with a thin-capsuled clone of c. neoformans in a polypropylene culture tube assay system. yeast replication was quantitated by electronic particle counting after detergent lysis of am and viability by quantitative plate counts. under appropriate conditions, fungal replication was inhibited in the presence of human am. this effect persisted over the 48-h time course that was evaluated. ... | 1987 | 3314617 |
| absence of fungistatic antagonism between flucytosine and cytarabine in vitro and in vivo. | determination of the mic of flucytosine for 16 wild isolates of cryptococcus neoformans and candida spp. in ynbg medium containing 10 mg/l cytosine demonstrated antagonism of fungistatic activity compared with that determined in ynbg alone. determination of the mic in ynbg containing 10 mg/l cytarabine showed no change in activity for 14 of the strains, an increase for one and a decrease for another. determination of serum flucytosine concentrations in a patient receiving cytarabine simultaneous ... | 1987 | 3316150 |
| cryptococcus neoformans meningitis following renal transplantation. | | 1987 | 3317088 |
| the immunology of cryptococcal disease. | cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous fungus found in the soil. upon inhalation, a complex, incompletely understood series of host responses begins that determines whether the infection will be controlled or will progress to local or disseminated disease. local pulmonary disease may be asymptomatic or may pursue a subacute course with mild pulmonary symptoms and systemic complaints suggestive of tumor. in the compromised host, however, symptomatic pulmonary disease is often the harbinger of sy ... | 1986 | 3317598 |
| the use of the prompt inoculation system in preparing a standardized yeast inoculum. | one of the most important steps in performing broth dilution susceptibility testing of yeast isolates is the preparation of the starting inoculum. although not specifically developed for yeast inoculum preparation, the prompt inoculation system (3m) provides a novel alternative approach that may provide a more standardized yeast inoculum than previously employed methods. the authors examined the relationship between the number of colonies picked with the prompt inoculation wand and the hemacytom ... | 1987 | 3318388 |