| salicylic acid and calcium treatments improves wheat vigor, lipids and phenolics under high salinity. | seed vigor is a complex physiological trait required to ensure the rapid and uniform emergence of plants in the field under different environmental conditions. therefore, salicylic acid (sa, 0.5 mm) and calcium (ca2+, 50 mm) priming were used as exogenous growth enhancers to stimulate wheat (triticum durum desf. cv. yelken) seed vigor under high salinity. the main aim was to address whether priming of wheat with sa, ca2+ and sa+ca (sa, 0.5 mm + ca2+, 50 mm; their combination) could bring about s ... | 2016 | 28004101 |
| different effectiveness of two pastas supplemented with either lipophilic or hydrophilic/phenolic antioxidants in affecting serum as evaluated by the novel antioxidant/oxidant balance approach. | effectiveness in improving serum antioxidant status of two functional pastas was evaluated by the novel antioxidant/oxidant balance (aob) parameter, calculated as antioxidant capacity (ac)/peroxide level ratio, assessed here for the first time. in particular, bran oleoresin (bo) and bran water (bw) pastas, enriched respectively with either lipophilic (tocochromanols, carotenoids) or hydrophilic/phenolic antioxidants extracted from durum wheat bran, were studied. notably, bo pasta was able to imp ... | 2017 | 27979203 |
| differential accumulation of cadmium in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat: no role for phytochelatins. | certain cultivars of some crops, including durum wheat (triticum durum desf.), have a propensity to accumulate cadmium in the grain. in the 1980s, a canadian wheat breeding program generated five pairs of near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that vary in cadmium-accumulation. within each pair, one member accumulates twofold to threefold higher concentrations of cadmium in the shoot and grain. however, the physiological explanation for the high-low phenotype is unknown. we studied correlations betw ... | 2016 | 27924119 |
| interactive effects of elevated [co2] and water stress on physiological traits and gene expression during vegetative growth in four durum wheat genotypes. | the interaction of elevated [co2] and water stress will have an effect on the adaptation of durum wheat to future climate scenarios. for the mediterranean basin these scenarios include the rising occurrence of water stress during the first part of the crop cycle. in this study, we evaluated the interactive effects of elevated [co2] and moderate to severe water stress during the first part of the growth cycle on physiological traits and gene expression in four modern durum wheat genotypes. physio ... | 2016 | 27920787 |
| genome-wide association mapping of leaf rust response in a durum wheat worldwide germplasm collection. | leaf rust (caused by erikss. []) is increasingly impacting durum wheat ( l. var. ) production with the recent appearance of races with virulence to widely grown cultivars in many durum producing areas worldwide. a highly virulent race on durum wheat was recently detected in kansas. this race may spread to the northern great plains, where most of the us durum wheat is produced. the objective of this study was to identify sources of resistance to several races from the united states and mexico at ... | 2016 | 27902791 |
| drought and heat differentially affect xth expression and xet activity and action in 3-day-old seedlings of durum wheat cultivars with different stress susceptibility. | heat and drought stress have emerged as major constraints for durum wheat production. in the mediterranean area, their negative effect on crop productivity is expected to be exacerbated by the occurring climate change. xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (xths) are chief enzymes in cell wall remodeling, whose relevance in cell expansion and morphogenesis suggests a central role in stress responses. in this work the potential role of xths in abiotic stress tolerance was investigated in dur ... | 2016 | 27891140 |
| serum antioxidant capacity and peroxide level of seven healthy subjects after consumption of different foods. | this article reports experimental data related to the research article entitled "different effectiveness of two pastas supplemented with either lipophilic or hydrophilic/phenolic antioxidants in affecting serum as evaluated by the novel antioxidant/oxidant balance approach" (m.n. laus, m. soccio, m. alfarano, a. pasqualone, m.s. lenucci, g. di miceli, d. pastore, 2016) [1]. antioxidant status of blood serum of seven healthy subjects was evaluated during four hours after consumption of two functi ... | 2016 | 27872878 |
| genetic diversity and association mapping for agromorphological and grain quality traits of a structured collection of durum wheat landraces including subsp. durum, turgidum and diccocon. | association mapping was performed for 18 agromorphological and grain quality traits in a set of 183 spanish landraces, including subspecies durum, turgidum and dicoccon, genotyped with 749 dart (diversity array technology) markers. large genetic and phenotypic variability was detected, being the level of diversity among the chromosomes and genomes heterogeneous, and sometimes complementary, among subspecies. overall, 356 were monomorphic in at least one subspecies, mainly in dicoccon, and some o ... | 2016 | 27846306 |
| the impact of the ssiia null mutations on grain traits and composition in durum wheat. | starch represents a major nutrient in the human diet providing essentially a source of energy. more recently the modification of its composition has been associated with new functionalities both at the nutritional and technological level. targeting the major starch biosynthetic enzymes has been shown to be a valuable strategy to manipulate the amylose-amylopectin ratio in reserve starch. in the present work a breeding strategy aiming to produce a set of ssiia (starch synthases iia) null durum wh ... | 2016 | 27795682 |
| durum wheat particle size affects starch and protein digestion in vitro. | the term bioaccessibility refers to the proportion of a nutrient released from a complex food matrix during digestion and, therefore, becoming potentially available for absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. in the present study, we assessed the starch and protein bioaccessibility from a range of wheat endosperm products differing in particle size. | 2016 | 27785565 |
| the characterization of the adaptive responses of durum wheat to different fe availability highlights an optimum fe requirement threshold. | plant mechanisms responding to iron (fe) deficiency have been widely described; it is well known that strategy ii plants, as durum wheat, cope with this stress by increasing both the synthesis and secretion of phytosiderophores (ps). the important contribution of the sulfate assimilatory pathway has been also demonstrated to improve fe use efficiency in several grasses, such as maize, barley and wheat, most likely because ps are produced from nicotianamine, whose precursor is methionine. here, t ... | 2016 | 27771583 |
| durum wheat seedling responses to simultaneous high light and salinity involve a fine reconfiguration of amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism. | durum wheat plants are extremely sensitive to drought and salinity during seedling and early development stages. their responses to stresses have been extensively studied to provide new metabolic targets and improving the tolerance to adverse environments. most of these studies have been performed in growth chambers under low light [300-350 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetically active radiation (par), ll]. however, in nature plants have to face frequent fluctuations of light intensities that often exc ... | 2017 | 27653956 |
| micrornas differentially modulated in response to heat and drought stress in durum wheat cultivars with contrasting water use efficiency. | plant stress response is a complex molecular process based on transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of many stress-related genes. micrornas are the best-studied class of small rnas known to play key regulatory roles in plant response to stress, besides being involved in plant development and organogenesis. we analyzed the leaf mirnaome of two durum wheat cultivars (cappelli and ofanto) characterized by a contrasting water use efficiency, exposed to heat stress, and mild and severe d ... | 2017 | 27734229 |
| computer vision-based method for classification of wheat grains using artificial neural network. | a simplified computer vision-based application using artificial neural network (ann) depending on multilayer perceptron (mlp) for accurately classifying wheat grains into bread or durum is presented. the images of 100 bread and 100 durum wheat grains are taken via a high-resolution camera and subjected to pre-processing. the main visual features of four dimensions, three colors and five textures are acquired using image-processing techniques (ipts). a total of 21 visual features are reproduced f ... | 2017 | 27718230 |
| the down-regulation of the genes encoding isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain. | in rice, maize and barley, the lack of isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch. here, the effect of this deficiency in durum wheat has been characterized, using transgenic lines in which isa1 was knocked down via rnai. transcriptional profiling confirmed the partial down-regulation of isa1 and revealed a pleiotropic effect on the level of transcription of genes encoding other isoamylases, pullulanase and sucrose synthase. the polysaccharide content of the tra ... | 2016 | 27717459 |
| aromatic and proteomic analyses corroborate the distinction between mediterranean landraces and modern varieties of durum wheat. | in this paper volatile organic compounds (vocs) from durum wheat cultivars and landraces were analyzed using ptr-tof-ms. the aim was to characterize the voc's profile of the wholemeal flour and of the kernel to find out if any vocs were specific to varieties and sample matrices. the voc data is accompanied by sds-page analyses of the storage proteins (gliadins and glutenins). statistical analyses was carried out both on the signals obtained by ms and on the protein profiles. the difference betwe ... | 2016 | 27708424 |
| comparative effect of salinity on growth, grain yield, water use efficiency, δ(13)c and δ(15)n of landraces and improved durum wheat varieties. | supplemental irrigation with low-quality water will be paramount in mediterranean agriculture in the future, where durum wheat is a major crop. breeding for salinity tolerance may contribute towards improving resilience to irrigation with brackish water. however, identification of appropriate phenotyping traits remains a bottleneck in breeding. a set of 25 genotypes, including 19 landraces and 6 improved varieties most cultivated in tunisia, were grown in the field and irrigated with brackish wa ... | 2016 | 27593462 |
| water-deficit stress-responsive micrornas and their targets in four durum wheat genotypes. | micrornas (mirnas) guide regulation at the post-transcriptional level by inducing messenger rna (mrna) degradation or translational inhibition of their target protein-coding genes. durum wheat mirnas may contribute to the genotypic water-deficit stress response in different durum varieties. further investigation of the interactive mirna-target regulatory modules and experimental validation of their response to water stress will contribute to our understanding of the small rna-mediated molecular ... | 2017 | 27562677 |
| study of drying process on starch structural properties and their effect on semolina pasta sensory quality. | the influence of drying temperature on the starch crystallites and its impact on durum wheat pasta sensory properties is addressed in this work. in particular, spaghetti were produced by means of a pilot plant using 5 different drying temperature profiles. the sensory properties, as well as the cooking quality of pasta were assessed. x-ray powder diffraction was used for investigating changes in the crystallinity content of the samples. starch crystallinity, size and density of the starch crysta ... | 2016 | 27561491 |
| identification of water use strategies at early growth stages in durum wheat from shoot phenotyping and physiological measurements. | modern imaging technology provides new approaches to plant phenotyping for traits relevant to crop yield and resource efficiency. our objective was to investigate water use strategies at early growth stages in durum wheat genetic resources using shoot imaging at the screenhouse phenotyping facility combined with physiological measurements. twelve durum landraces from different pedoclimatic backgrounds were compared to three modern check cultivars in a greenhouse pot experiment under well-watered ... | 2016 | 27547208 |
| allelic variation at the vernalization-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-b3, and photoperiod-a1 genes in cultivars of triticum durum desf. | the durum wheat varieties from ukraine, russia, and kazakhstan are characterized by the specific allelic composition of the vrn genes that sharply distinguish them from the triticum durum varieties from other countries. for numerous varieties, the vrn alleles which previously were not found in tetraploid wheat were identified. the ability of wheat to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is mostly determined by the allelic diversity within genes regulating the vernalization requireme ... | 2016 | 27522649 |
| genetic structure of modern durum wheat cultivars and mediterranean landraces matches with their agronomic performance. | a collection of 172 durum wheat landraces from 21 mediterranean countries and 20 modern cultivars were phenotyped in 6 environments for 14 traits including phenology, biomass, yield and yield components. the genetic structure of the collection was ascertained with 44 simple sequence repeat markers that identified 448 alleles, 226 of them with a frequency lower than 5%, and 10 alleles per locus on average. in the modern cultivars all the alleles were fixed in 59% of the markers. total genetic div ... | 2016 | 27513751 |
| selenium-enriched durum wheat improves the nutritional profile of pasta without altering its organoleptic properties. | two field experiments were conducted over three growing seasons (2006-07, 2008-09 and 2009-10) to evaluate se-enriched pasta through foliar fertilization at various rates and timing of application on 4 durum wheat varieties. our findings confirm the effectiveness of foliar se fertilization to increase se concentrations in durum wheat grain, even at high se rates (120gseha(-1)). se fortification was significant across different genotypes, with greater se accumulation in landraces ('timilia') and ... | 2017 | 27507488 |
| characterization of the bread made with durum wheat semolina rendered gluten free by sourdough biotechnology in comparison with commercial gluten-free products. | durum wheat semolina was fermented with sourdough lactic acid bacteria and fungal proteases aiming at a complete gluten hydrolysis. the gluten-free (gf) semolina, added with naturally gf ingredients and structuring agents, was used to produce bread (rendered gf bread; rgfb) at industrial level. an integrated approach including the characterization of the main chemical, nutritional, structural, and sensory features was used to compare rgfb to a gluten-containing bread and to 5 commercial naturall ... | 2016 | 27505458 |
| glutamine synthetase in durum wheat: genotypic variation and relationship with grain protein content. | grain protein content (gpc), is one of the most important trait in wheat and its characterized by a very complex genetic control. the identification of wheat varieties with high gpc (hgpc), as well as the characterization of central enzymes involved in these processes, are important for more sustainable agricultural practices. in this study, we focused on glutamine synthetase (gs) as a candidate to study gpc in wheat. we analyzed gs expression and its enzymatic activity in different tissues and ... | 2016 | 27468287 |
| multi-isotopic signatures of organic and conventional italian pasta along the production chain. | the variability of stable isotope ratios (δ(2) h, δ(13) c, δ(15) n, δ(18) o and δ(34) s) along the production chain of pasta (durum wheat, flour and pasta) produced by using both conventional and organic farming systems in four italian regions in 2 years was investigated. the aim was to evaluate if and how the farming system and geographical origin affect stable isotope ratios determined along the production chain. irrespective of the processing technology, 65% of the samples were correctly clas ... | 2016 | 27457424 |
| molecular approaches to genetically improve the accumulation of health-promoting secondary metabolites in staple crops-a case study: the lipoxygenase-b1 genes and regulation of the carotenoid content in pasta products. | secondary metabolites, also known as phytochemicals, represent a large subset of plant molecules that include compounds with health-promoting effects. indeed, a number of epidemiological studies have shown that, when taken regularly and in adequate amounts, these molecules can have long-term beneficial effects on human health, through reduction of the incidence of degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer. as the dietary intake of these phytochemicals ... | 2016 | 27455242 |
| climate, soil management, and cultivar affect fusarium head blight incidence and deoxynivalenol accumulation in durum wheat of southern italy. | fusarium head blight (fhb) is a multifaceted disease caused by some species of fusarium spp. a huge production of mycotoxins, mostly trichothecenes, often accompanied this disease. amongst these toxic compounds, deoxynivalenol (don) and its derivatives represent a major issue for human as well as for animal health and farming. common and durum wheat are amongst the hosts of trichothecene-producing fusaria. differences in susceptibility to fungal infection and toxin accumulation occur in wheat cu ... | 2016 | 27446052 |
| metabolic and transcriptional analysis of durum wheat responses to elevated co2 at low and high nitrate supply. | elevated [co2] (eco2) can lead to photosynthetic acclimation and this is often intensified by low nitrogen (n). despite intensive studies of plant responses to eco2, the regulation mechanism of primary metabolism at the whole-plant level in interaction with [formula: see text] supply remains unclear. we examined the metabolic and transcriptional responses triggered by eco2 in association with physiological-biochemical traits in flag leaves and roots of durum wheat grown hydroponically in ambient ... | 2016 | 27440546 |
| characterization of durum wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits bx20 and by20 sequences by a molecular and proteomic approach. | wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit variation is important because of its great influence on glutenin polymer structure, that is related to dough technological properties. among the different subunits, the pair bx20 and by20 is known to have a negative effect on quality, but the reasons are not clear: bx20 has two cysteines, which theoretically make this subunit a chain extender of the glutenin polymer, just like the other bx subunits, showing four cysteines, two of which should be invo ... | 2016 | 27434809 |
| physicochemical and rheological properties of starch and flour from different durum wheat varieties and their relationships with noodle quality. | starch and flour properties of different indian durum wheat varieties were evaluated and related to noodle-making properties. flours were evaluated for pasting properties, protein characteristics (extractable as well as unextractable monomeric and polymeric proteins) and dough rheology (farinographic properties), while starches were evaluated for granule size, thermal, pasting, and rheological properties. flour peak and final viscosities related negatively to the proportion of monomeric proteins ... | 2016 | 27413243 |
| benchmarking electrical methods for rapid estimation of root biomass. | to face climate change and subsequent rainfall instabilities, crop breeding strategies now include root traits phenotyping. rapid estimation of root traits in controlled conditions can be achieved by using parallel electrical capacitance and its linear correlation with root dry mass. the aim of the present study was to improve robustness and efficiency of methods based on capacitance and other electrical variables, such as serial/parallel resistance, conductance, impedance or reactance. using di ... | 2016 | 27340425 |
| diagonal two-dimensional electrophoresis (d-2de): a new approach to study the effect of osmotic stress induced by polyethylene glycol in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | acclimatization to stress is associated with profound changes in proteome composition. the use of plant cell and tissue culture offers a means to investigate the physiological and biochemical processes involved in the adaptation to osmotic stress. we employed a new proteomic approach to further understand the response of calli to dehydration induced by polyethylene glycol (peg6000). calli of three durum wheat genotypes djenah khetifa, oued zenati and waha were treated with two concentrations of ... | 2016 | 27317377 |
| proteomics of durum wheat grain during transition to conservation agriculture. | nitrogen management in combination with sustainable agronomic techniques can have a great impact on the wheat grain proteome influencing its technological quality. in this study, proteomic analyses were used to document changes in the proportion of prolamins in mature grains of the newly released italian durum wheat cv achille. such an approach was applied to wheat fertilized with urea (urea) and calcium nitrate (nitrate), during the transition to no-till conservation agriculture (ca) practice i ... | 2016 | 27281174 |
| genotyping by sequencing using specific allelic capture to build a high-density genetic map of durum wheat. | targeted sequence capture is a promising technology which helps reduce costs for sequencing and genotyping numerous genomic regions in large sets of individuals. bait sequences are designed to capture specific alleles previously discovered in parents or reference populations. we studied a set of 135 rils originating from a cross between an emmer cultivar (dic2) and a recent durum elite cultivar (silur). six thousand sequence baits were designed to target dic2 vs. silur polymorphisms discovered i ... | 2016 | 27171472 |
| mutations in durum wheat sbeii genes affect grain yield components, quality, and fermentation responses in rats. | increased amylose in wheat (triticum ssp.) starch is associated with increased resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber. fermentation of resistant starch in the large intestine produces short-chain fatty acids that are associated with human health benefits. since wheat foods are an important component of the human diet, increases in amylose and resistant starch in wheat grains have the potential to deliver health benefits to a large number of people. in three replicated field trials we foun ... | 2017 | 27134286 |
| identification and characterization of the sucrose synthase 2 gene (sus2) in durum wheat. | sucrose transport is the central system for the allocation of carbon resources in vascular plants. sucrose synthase (sus), which reversibly catalyzes sucrose synthesis and cleavage, represents a key enzyme in the control of the flow of carbon into starch biosynthesis. in the present study the genomic identification and characterization of the sus2-2a and sus2-2b genes coding for sus in durum wheat (cultivars ciccio and svevo) is reported. the genes were analyzed for their expression in different ... | 2016 | 27014292 |
| drought-induced changes in photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant components of wheat (triticum durum desf.) varieties. | water deficit is a key factor influencing the yield and quality of crops. in the present study, the photosynthetic responses by means of chlorophyll fluorescence of chloroplasts, thylakoid membrane proteins, and antioxidant components were analyzed in wheat (triticum durum desf.) plants differing in their tolerance to drought. two durum winter wheat varieties, barakatli 95 (drought tolerant) and garagylchyg 2 (drought sensitive) were grown under field well-watered and drought conditions. it was ... | 2016 | 26988099 |
| commentary: conservation of attzf1, attzf2, and attzf3 homolog gene regulation by salt stress in evolutionarily distant plant species. | | 2016 | 26941776 |
| selecting optimal hyperspectral bands to discriminate nitrogen status in durum wheat: a comparison of statistical approaches. | hyperspectral data can provide prediction of physical and chemical vegetation properties, but data handling, analysis, and interpretation still limit their use. in this study, different methods for selecting variables were compared for the analysis of on-the-ground hyperspectral signatures of wheat grown under a wide range of nitrogen supplies. spectral signatures were recorded at the end of stem elongation, booting, and heading stages in 100 georeferenced locations, using a 512-channel portable ... | 2016 | 26922749 |
| selenium-fertilized tritordeum (× tritordeum ascherson et graebner) as dietary selenium supplement in laying hens: effects on egg quality. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of adding selenium (se) in cereal production by fertilization on se concentration in laying hen eggs. tritordeum (×tritordeum ascherson et graebner), a new cereal from the cross between durum wheat and a wild barley species having accreditation as natural crop species, was produced using selenate as se-fertilizer. hy-line brown laying hens were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments and fed for 10 weeks. hens were fed two corn-soyb ... | 2016 | 26899320 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of dasypyrum breviaristatum chromosomes in wheat background revealing the genomic divergence between dasypyrum species. | the uncultivated species dasypyrum breviaristatum carries novel diseases resistance and agronomically important genes of potential use for wheat improvement. the development of new wheat-d. breviaristatum derivatives lines with disease resistance provides an opportunity for the identification and localization of resistance genes on specific dasypyrum chromosomes. the comparison of wheat-d. breviaristatum derivatives to the wheat-d. villosum derivatives enables to reveal the genomic divergence be ... | 2016 | 26813790 |
| cloning, expression analysis, and functional characterization of two secretory phospholipases a2 in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). | we previously isolated four cdnas in durum wheat, tdspla2i, tdspla2ii, tdspla2iii and tdspla2iv, that encode proteins with homology to plant secretory phospholipases a2 (spla2s) (verlotta et al., int. j. mol. sci., 14, 2013, 5146-5169). in this study, we have further characterized tdspla2ii and tdspla2iii sequences that, on the basis of our previous findings, might encode spla2 isoforms with different features. functional analysis revealed that, similarly to other known spla2s, tdspla2ii and tds ... | 2015 | 26706080 |
| modulation of potassium channel activity in the balance of ros and atp production by durum wheat mitochondria-an amazing defense tool against hyperosmotic stress. | in plants, the existence of a mitochondrial potassium channel was firstly demonstrated about 15 years ago in durum wheat as an atp-dependent potassium channel (pmitokatp). since then, both properties of the original pmitokatp and occurrence of different mitochondrial potassium channels in a number of plant species (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous) and tissues/organs (etiolated and green) have been shown. here, an overview of the current knowledge is reported; in particular, the issue of pmit ... | 2015 | 26648958 |
| study of allelopathic effects of eucalyptus erythrocorys l. crude extracts against germination and seedling growth of weeds and wheat. | allelopathic materials inside a tree can produce positive or negative change in the survival, growth, reproduction and behaviour of other organisms if they escape into the environment. to assess these effects, this work was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic impact of eucalyptus erythrocorys l. on seed germination and seedling growth of two weeds: sinapis arvensis l. and phalaris canariensis l.; on one cultivated crop: triticum durum l. aqueous; and on ethanolic leaf extracts of e. erythro ... | 2016 | 26643715 |
| efficient, antibiotic marker-free transformation of a dicot and a monocot crop with glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase selectable marker genes. | antibiotic-free, efficient in vitro selection in plant genetic engineering can improve risk perception and speed up pre-market scrutiny of genetically modified crops. we provide a protocol for genetic transformation of two important crops, durum wheat and alfalfa, using a bacterial and a plant-derived selectable marker gene encoding mutated, gabaculine-insensitive glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase (gsa) enzymes. these methods can potentially be applied, with minor adaptations, to many ot ... | 2016 | 26614283 |
| [genetic polymorphism of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) accessions of azerbaijan]. | the genetic diversity of 110 durum wheat genotypes of azerbaijan was evaluated by issr markers. a total of 107 fragments were determined, ranging from 9 to 18 per locus. issr primers have revealed a high level of polymorphism (average 82%) among different durum wheat varieties and botanical varieties. the issr markers used in the study were quite informative and made it possible to distinguish all durum wheat accessions from each other. cluster analysis based on issr data classified the accessio ... | 2015 | 26606797 |
| redox agents and n-ethylmaleimide affect protein polymerization during laboratory scale dry pasta production and cooking. | durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) semolina gluten proteins consist of monomeric gliadin and polymeric glutenin and determine the quality of pasta products made therefrom. during pasta drying, glutenin starts polymerizing already below 60 °c (65% relative humidity (rh)), whereas gliadin only is incorporated in the protein network at temperatures exceeding 68 °c (68% rh) through thiol (sh)/disulfide (ss) exchange reactions. removal of free sh groups in glutenin by adding 2.3 μmol kbro3 or kio3 pe ... | 2016 | 26593538 |
| nax loci affect sos1-like na+/h+ exchanger expression and activity in wheat. | salinity stress tolerance in durum wheat is strongly associated with a plant's ability to control na(+) delivery to the shoot. two loci, termed nax1 and nax2, were recently identified as being critical for this process and the sodium transporters hkt1;4 and hkt1;5 were identified as the respective candidate genes. these transporters retrieve na(+) from the xylem, thus limiting the rates of na(+) transport from the root to the shoot. in this work, we show that the nax loci also affect activity an ... | 2016 | 26585227 |
| cadmium and zinc partitioning and accumulation during grain filling in two near isogenic lines of durum wheat. | plants can readily accumulate cadmium (cd), transferring this element to edible leaves, fruits, and seeds. rice and wheat are among the top crop sources of cd. toxic heavy metals like cd have chemical properties similar to essential micronutrients such as zinc (zn) and are generally transported in plants by the same transporters as those essential micronutrients. unfortunately our knowledge of cd translocation and accumulation in seeds is still unclear. we conducted a partitioning study to asses ... | 2015 | 26581046 |
| dissecting the genetic architecture of leaf rust resistance in wheat by qtl meta-analysis. | leaf rust is an important disease that causes significant yield losses in wheat. many studies have reported the identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) controlling leaf rust resistance; therefore, qtl meta-analysis has become a useful tool for identifying consensus qtl and refining qtl positions among them. in this study, qtl meta-analysis was conducted using reported results on the number, position, and effects of qtl for leaf rust resistance in bread and durum wheat. investigation of 1 ... | 2015 | 26571424 |
| soil inoculation with symbiotic microorganisms promotes plant growth and nutrient transporter genes expression in durum wheat. | in a field experiment conducted in a mediterranean area of inner sicily, durum wheat was inoculated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf), or with both to evaluate their effects on nutrient uptake, plant growth, and the expression of key transporter genes involved in nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) uptake. these biotic associations were studied under either low n availability (unfertilized plots) and supplying the soil with an easily mineraliza ... | 2015 | 26483827 |
| growth, physiology and yield of durum wheat (triticum durum) treated with sewage sludge under water stress conditions. | in arid and semi-arid areas, low soil fertility and water deficit considerably limit crop production. the use of sewage sludge as an organic amendment could contribute to the improvement of soil fertility and hence the agronomic production. the study aims to highlight the behaviour of durum wheat to the application of sewage sludge associated with water stress. the assessment focused on morphophysiological parameters of the wheat plant and yield. under greenhouse conditions, the variety mohamed ... | 2015 | 26417365 |
| development and standardization of sorghum pasta using extrusion technology. | extrusion cooking is a unique method for preparing pasta, which is generally produced from durum wheat semolina. however, preparation of pasta from sorghum is not practiced in india. therefore, the present study was undertaken to develop and standardize pasta from sorghum cultivar, m35-1 and wheat semolina of 0.1 mm particle size. sorghum and wheat semolina in different proportions (t1;s:w-50:50,t2;s:w-60:40,t3;s:w-70:30,t4; s:w-80:20, t5; s -100) were mixed with lukewarm water (40 °c) in the co ... | 2015 | 26396437 |
| durum and soft wheat flours in sourdough and straight-dough bread-making. | in the present work, the bread-making performance of durum wheat flour under straight-dough and sourdough procedures were compared to those offered by soft wheat flour by means of selected physical properties (colour, texture, water dynamics, crumb grain characteristic, bulk volume) immediately after baking and during a 5-day shelf-life. the use of sourdough process better preserved both crumb grain characteristic and moisture content of the breads during shelf-life, independently of the wheat f ... | 2015 | 26396371 |
| a study of starch gelatinisation behaviour in hydrothermally-processed plant food tissues and implications for in vitro digestibility. | the aim of this study was to investigate the role of the plant food matrix in influencing the extent of starch gelatinisation during hydrothermal processing, and its implications for starch digestibility. differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) was used to provide a detailed examination of the gelatinisation behaviour of five distinct size fractions (diameters <0.21 to 2.58 mm) of milled chickpea and durum wheat. gelatinisation parameters were obtained from the dsc thermograms and concomitant mi ... | 2015 | 26353047 |
| amino acid composition of protein-enriched dried pasta:
is it suitable for a low-carbohydrate diet? | today, obesity is one of the major health problems, a so-called epidemic of the developed world. obesity arises through an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, so it is important for products to have a balanced nutritional composition. the aim of this study is to prepare high-protein pasta with high nutritional quality, with emphasis on its amino acid composition, as ordinary durum pasta lacks lysine and threonine. ordinary durum wheat pasta contains, on average, 77% carbohydr ... | 2015 | 27904361 |
| a mutant synechococcus gene encoding glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase confers gabaculine resistance when expressed in tobacco plastids. | a mutant glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase gene from the synechococcus , inserted into tobacco plastid dna by means of particle bombardment and antibiotic selection, conferred gabaculine resistance allowing to attain homoplasmy. many plant species are recalcitrant to plastid genome transformation. new selections systems may help to overcome this limitation and to extend the application of this technology. a mutant heml gene from the photosynthetic cyanobacterium synechococcus, encoding a ... | 2015 | 26265112 |
| enrichment of pasta with faba bean does not impact glycemic or insulin response but can enhance satiety feeling and digestive comfort when dried at very high temperature. | enrichment of durum wheat pasta with legume flour enhances their protein and essential amino acid content, especially lysine content. however, despite its nutritional potential, the addition of a legume alters the rheological properties of pasta. high temperature drying of pasta reduces this negative effect by strengthening its protein network. the aim of our study was to determine if these changes in the pasta structure alter its in vitro carbohydrate digestibility, in vivo glycemic, insulin an ... | 2015 | 26190153 |
| conservation of attzf1, attzf2, and attzf3 homolog gene regulation by salt stress in evolutionarily distant plant species. | arginine-rich tandem zinc-finger proteins (rr-tzf) participate in a wide range of plant developmental processes and adaptive responses to abiotic stress, such as cold, salt, and drought. this study investigates the conservation of the genes attzf1-5 at the level of their sequences and expression across plant species. the genomic sequences of the two rr-tzf genes tdtzf1-a and tdtzf1-b were isolated in durum wheat and assigned to chromosomes 3a and 3b, respectively. sequence comparisons revealed t ... | 2015 | 26136754 |
| durum wheat dehydrin (dhn-5) confers salinity tolerance to transgenic arabidopsis plants through the regulation of proline metabolism and ros scavenging system. | the wheat dehydrin (dhn-5) gives birth to salinity tolerance to transgenic arabidopsis plants by the regulation of proline metabolism and the ros scavenging system. dehydrins (dhns) are involved in plant abiotic stress tolerance. in this study, we reported that salt tolerance of transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing durum wheat dehydrin (dhn-5) was closely related to the activation of the proline metabolism enzyme (p5cs) and some antioxidant biocatalysts. indeed, dhn-5 improved p5cs activ ... | 2015 | 26105651 |
| impact of domestication on the phenotypic architecture of durum wheat under contrasting nitrogen fertilization. | the process of domestication has led to dramatic morphological and physiological changes in crop species due to adaptation to cultivation and to the needs of farmers. to investigate the phenotypic architecture of shoot- and root-related traits and quantify the impact of primary and secondary domestication, we examined a collection of 36 wheat genotypes under optimal and nitrogen-starvation conditions. these represented three taxa that correspond to key steps in the recent evolution of tetraploid ... | 2015 | 26071535 |
| pasta containing tartary buckwheat sprouts prevents dna damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. | recent studies have shown that dna damage occurs more often in hypertensive patients than non-hypertensive individuals. here, we analyzed the in vivo effect of pasta containing 30% of tartary buckwheat sprouts (tbsp) on spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrs) and normotensive wistar kyoto rats (wky) to elucidate if tbsp could have an anti-genotoxic effect in hypertensive animal models. both shrs and wky rats were divided into two groups and fed for six weeks with 5 g of tbsp and durum wheat flour ... | 2015 | 26068704 |
| metabolomics suggests that soil inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi decreased free amino acid content in roots of durum wheat grown under n-limited, p-rich field conditions. | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) have a major impact on plant nutrition, defence against pathogens, a plant's reaction to stressful environments, soil fertility, and a plant's relationship with other microorganisms. such effects imply a broad reprogramming of the plant's metabolic activity. however, little information is available regarding the role of amf and their relation to other soil plant growth-promoting microorganisms in the plant metabolome, especially under realistic field conditions ... | 2015 | 26067663 |
| drying of durum wheat pasta and enriched pasta: a review of modeling approaches. | models on drying of durum wheat pasta and enriched pasta were reviewed to identify avenues for improvement according to consumer needs, product formulation and processing conditions. this review first summarized the fundamental phenomena of pasta drying, mass transfer, heat transfer, momentum, chemical changes, shrinkage and crack formation. the basic equations of the current models were then presented, along with methods for the estimation of pasta transport and thermodynamic properties. the ex ... | 2016 | 26053936 |
| relationship of various flour properties with noodle making characteristics among durum wheat varieties. | the grain, flour, dough and noodle making properties of indian durum wheat varieties were evaluated. varieties having higher grain weight had lower hardness and higher yellow pigment content. gluten performance index showed positive correlation with α-helix and negative with intermolecular+antiparallel-β-sheets in gluten. the proportion of extracted polymeric proteins was related to dough strength. elastic (g') and loss (g″) modulus of dough were positively correlated to intermolecular+antiparal ... | 2015 | 26041226 |
| effects of technological processes on enniatin levels in pasta. | potential human health risks posed by enniatins (ens) require their control primarily from cereal products, creating a demand for harvesting, food processing and storage techniques capable to prevent, reduce and/or eliminate the contamination. in this study, different methodologies to pasta processing simulating traditional and industrial processes were developed in order to know the fate of the mycotoxin ens. the levels of ens were studied at different steps of pasta processing. the effect of t ... | 2016 | 26031213 |
| periodic variation of the water use efficiency in durum wheat. | water use efficiency (wuf) of five durum wheat varieties (khiar, karim, nasr, razzak and sobirano) cultivated in tunisia was investigated. the experiment was conducted under rainfed field conditions, irrigated pots and test tubes at esa kef experiment station during the cropping season of 2010-2011. under rainfed conditions, khiar has the highest grain yield with 29.35 q ha(-1). biological wue ranged from 1.72-1.49 mg dry matter per g of water for razzak and nasr, respectively. the wue of grain ... | 2014 | 26027159 |
| osmoregulation capacity in bulgarian durum wheat. | the phenotypic variation in osmotic adjustment (oa) capacity of five bulgarian winter durum wheat genotypes and their progenies was determined using a modified method based on the measurement of seedling growth suppression after three-day exposure to osmotic stress induced by 1 mol/l sucrose. the genetic parameters of the studied trait in a diallel crossing scheme, including the selected genotypes and the microsatellite polymorphism at 43 loci, were determined. the old bulgarian cultivar apulicu ... | 2014 | 26019562 |
| hydrogen peroxide generation and antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves and roots of wheat cultivars subjected to long-term soil drought stress. | the dynamics of the activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and benzidine peroxidase, as well as the level of hydrogen peroxide in the vegetative organs of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) cultivars was studied under long-term soil drought conditions. it was established that hydrogen peroxide generation occurred at early stages of stress in the tolerant variety barakatli-95, whereas in the susceptible variety garagylchyg-2 its significant amounts were accumulated only ... | 2015 | 26008794 |
| differential response of nadp-dehydrogenases and carbon metabolism in leaves and roots of two durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) cultivars (karim and azizi) with different sensitivities to salt stress. | wheat (triticum durum desf.) is a common mediterranean species of considerable agronomic importance. salinity is one of the major threats to sustainable agricultural production mainly because it limits plant productivity. after exposing the karim and azizi durum wheat cultivars, which are of agronomic significance in tunisia, to 100mm nacl salinity, growth parameters (dry weight and length), proline content and chlorophylls were evaluated in their leaves and roots. in addition, we analyzed gluta ... | 2015 | 25835711 |
| exploiting genetic diversity from landraces in wheat breeding for adaptation to climate change. | climate change has generated unpredictability in the timing and amount of rain, as well as extreme heat and cold spells that have affected grain yields worldwide and threaten food security. sources of specific adaptation related to drought and heat, as well as associated breeding of genetic traits, will contribute to maintaining grain yields in dry and warm years. increased crop photosynthesis and biomass have been achieved particularly through disease resistance and healthy leaves. similarly, s ... | 2015 | 25821073 |
| from raw material to dish: pasta quality step by step. | pasta is a traditional italian cereal-based food that is popular worldwide because of its convenience, versatility, sensory and nutritional value. the aim of this review is to present a step-by-step guide to facilitate the understanding of the most important events that can affect pasta characteristics, directing the reader to the appropriate production steps. owing to its unique flavor, color, composition and rheological properties, durum wheat semolina is the best raw material for pasta produc ... | 2015 | 25783568 |
| evaluation of phenolic antioxidant capacity in grains of modern and old durum wheat genotypes by the novel quencherabts approach. | the quencherabts (quick, easy, new, cheap and reproducible) approach for antioxidant capacity (ac) determination is based on the direct reaction of 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) radical cation with fine solid food particles. so, it may resemble the antioxidant action in foods or in human gastrointestinal trait. here, the quencher approach was used to study ac of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) grains. firstly, it was assessed which kind of antioxidants determi ... | 2015 | 25771798 |
| fructan biosynthesis and degradation as part of plant metabolism controlling sugar fluxes during durum wheat kernel maturation. | wheat kernels contain fructans, fructose based oligosaccharides with prebiotic properties, in levels between 2 and 35 weight % depending on the developmental stage of the kernel. to improve knowledge on the metabolic pathways leading to fructan storage and degradation, carbohydrate fluxes occurring during durum wheat kernel development were analyzed. kernels were collected at various developmental stages and quali-quantitative analysis of carbohydrates (mono- and di-saccharides, fructans, starch ... | 2015 | 25750648 |
| [genetic diversity of modern russian durum wheat cultivars at the gliadin-coding loci]. | the allelic diversity at four gliadin-coding loci was examined in modern cultivars of the spring and winter durum wheat triticum durum desf. comparative analysis of the allelic diversity showed that the gene pools of these two types of durum wheat, having different life styles, were considerably different. for the modern spring durum wheat cultivars, a certain reduction of the genetic diversity was observed compared to the cultivars bred in the 20th century. | 2014 | 25715471 |
| tilling mutants of durum wheat result in a high amylose phenotype and provide information on alternative splicing mechanisms. | the amylose/amylopectin ratio has a major influence over the properties of starch and determines its optimal end use. here, high amylose durum wheat has been bred by combining knock down alleles at the two homoelogous genes encoding starch branching enzyme iia (sbeiia-a and sbeiia-b). the complete silencing of these genes had a number of pleiotropic effects on starch synthesis: it affected the transcriptional activity of sbeiib, isa1 (starch debranching enzyme) and all of the genes encoding star ... | 2015 | 25711820 |
| tracking the fate of pasta (t. durum semolina) immunogenic proteins by in vitro simulated digestion. | the aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the celiacogenic/immunogenic proteins and peptides released during digestion of pasta (triticum durum semolina). cooked pasta was digested using a harmonized in vitro static model of oral-gastro-duodenal digestion. the course of pasta protein digestion was monitored by sds-page, and gluten proteins were specifically analyzed by western blot using sera of celiac patients. among the allergens, nonspecific lipid-transfer protein was high ... | 2015 | 25682706 |
| effect of raw material on cooking quality and nutritional composition of durum wheat spaghetti. | in this study the effect of semolina and wholemeal flour from six durum wheat cultivars on the pasta cooking and nutritional quality was evaluated. the wholemeal spaghetti samples showed an improvement in the chemical composition (high protein and insoluble dietary fibre content) but they have a decline in the cooking quality (high cooking loss) with respect to the semolina spaghetti. in particular, the wholemeal spaghetti cappelli and core samples recorded the highest protein and insoluble diet ... | 2015 | 25666412 |
| phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from the whole-meal flour of italian durum wheat cultivars. | in this study, the quali-quantitative composition of hydrophilic (phenolic acids) and lipophilic (isoprenoids) extracts from whole-meal flour of five elite italian durum wheat cultivars was determined. significant differences in the content of bioactive compounds were observed among the wheat extracts, in particular concerning the content of bound phenolic acids, lutein and β-tocotrienols. the cultivars duilio and svevo showed the highest amount of phenolic acids and isoprenoids, respectively. e ... | 2015 | 25658801 |
| towards a comprehensive characterization of durum wheat landraces in moroccan traditional agrosystems: analysing genetic diversity in the light of geography, farmers' taxonomy and tetraploid wheat domestication history. | crop diversity managed by smallholder farmers in traditional agrosystems is the outcome of historical and current processes interacting at various spatial scales, and influenced by factors such as farming practices and environmental pressures. only recently have studies started to consider the complexity of these processes instead of simply describing diversity for breeding purposes. a first step in that aim is to add multiple references to the collection of genetic data, including the farmers' ... | 2014 | 25528060 |
| synergistic effect of different dietary fibres in pasta on in vitro starch digestion? | pasta is traditionally manufactured using only durum wheat semolina, but it is possible to incorporate other flours or ingredients into pasta in order to increase its nutritional value to the consumer, compared to conventional pasta. for this reason, pasta was prepared substituting durum wheat semolina with 15% of enriched dietary fibre flours (glucagel, inulin raftiline® hpx, inulin raftiline® gr, psyllium and oat). moreover, all dietary fibres (excluded glucagel) were added in combination in o ... | 2015 | 25442550 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes by
cdna-aflp technique in response to drought stress
in triticum durum. | drought is the single largest abiotic stress factor leading to reduced crop yields. the identification of differentially expressed genes and the understanding of their functions in environmentally stressful conditions are essential to improve drought tolerance. transcriptomics is a powerful approach for the global analysis of molecular mechanisms under abiotic stress. to identify genes that are important for drought tolerance, we analyzed mrna populations from untreated and drought-stressed leav ... | 2014 | 27904321 |
| genetic analysis of root morphological traits in wheat. | traits related to root architecture are of great importance for yield performance of crop species, although they remain poorly understood. the present study is aimed at identifying the genomic regions involved in the control of root morphological traits in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.). a set of 123 recombinant inbred lines derived from the durum wheat cross of cvs. 'creso' × 'pedroso' were grown hydroponically to two growth stages, and were phenotypically evaluated for a number of root tra ... | 2015 | 25416422 |
| rapid analysis of deoxynivalenol in durum wheat by ft-nir spectroscopy. | fourier-transform-near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy has been used to develop quantitative and classification models for the prediction of deoxynivalenol (don) levels in durum wheat samples. partial least-squares (pls) regression analysis was used to determine don in wheat samples in the range of <50-16,000 µg/kg don. the model displayed a large root mean square error of prediction value (1,977 µg/kg) as compared to the eu maximum limit for don in unprocessed durum wheat (i.e., 1,750 µg/kg), th ... | 2014 | 25384107 |
| a quick method to screen high and low yielding wheat cultivars exposed to high temperature. | in tropical countries, high temperature stress is the major abiotic stress, which controls the productivity and yield of crop plants. two high yielding and low yielding genotypes of durum wheat were selected for detailed analysis of their photochemical efficiencies. in low yielding genotypes (malvi local and sawer local), the whole primary photochemical reactions are affected before and after heat stress. the results show that low yielding genotypes show less efficiency in the usage of the avail ... | 2014 | 25320477 |
| a consensus framework map of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) suitable for linkage disequilibrium analysis and genome-wide association mapping. | durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) is a tetraploid cereal grown in the medium to low-precipitation areas of the mediterranean basin, north america and south-west asia. genomics applications in durum wheat have the potential to boost exploitation of genetic resources and to advance understanding of the genetics of important complex traits (e.g. resilience to environmental and biotic stresses). a dense and accurate consensus map specific for t. durum will greatly facilitate genetic mapping, functi ... | 2014 | 25293821 |
| a novel method for determination of the (15) n isotopic composition of rubisco in wheat plants exposed to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. | although ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) is mostly known as a key enzyme involved in co2 assimilation during the calvin cycle, comparatively little is known about its role as a pool of nitrogen storage in leaves. for this purpose, we developed a protocol to purify rubisco that enables later analysis of its (15) n isotope composition (δ(15) n) at the natural abundance and (15) n-labeled plants. in order to test the utility of this protocol, durum wheat (triticum durum va ... | 2015 | 25272325 |
| systems responses to progressive water stress in durum wheat. | durum wheat is susceptible to terminal drought which can greatly decrease grain yield. breeding to improve crop yield is hampered by inadequate knowledge of how the physiological and metabolic changes caused by drought are related to gene expression. to gain better insight into mechanisms defining resistance to water stress we studied the physiological and transcriptome responses of three durum breeding lines varying for yield stability under drought. parents of a mapping population (lahn x cham ... | 2014 | 25265161 |
| effects of pre-industrial, current and future [co2] in traditional and modern wheat genotypes. | wheat is one of the most important cereal food crops in the world today. the productivity and quality of this crop is greatly affected by environmental conditions during grain filling. in this study, we have analyzed two genotypes of durum wheat, blanqueta and sula (traditional and a modern wheat respectively) in pre-industrial, current and future [co2]. plant growth and physiological parameters were analyzed during anthesis and grain filling in order to study the capacity of these plants to cre ... | 2014 | 25173452 |
| phenolic compounds in grains, sprouts and wheatgrass of hulled and non-hulled wheat species. | the use of sprouts and young plantlets in human nutrition is increasing because they often contain phytochemicals and other high value nutrients. this is also the case for wheat, although there is no literature for hulled wheat species. thus we determined total polyphenols, phenolic acids (pas), fibre and minerals in grains, 5-day-old sprouts and 12-day-old wheatgrass of einkorn (cv. monlis), emmer (cvs augeo, rosso rubino, zefiro), spelt (cvs pietro, giuseppe), durum wheat (cv. creso) and soft ... | 2015 | 25131800 |
| a novel method for classifying starch digestion by modelling the amylolysis of plant foods using first-order enzyme kinetic principles. | studying starch amylolysis kinetics in vitro is valuable for predicting the postprandial glycaemic response to starch intake. prediction of starch amylolysis behaviour is challenging however, because of the many physico-chemical factors which influence amylolysis. the logarithm of slope (los) method for analysis of digestibility curves using first-order enzyme kinetics can identify and quantify nutritionally important starch fractions. the early stages of in vitro amylolysis of hydrothermally pr ... | 2014 | 25059497 |
| effect of sorghum flour addition on in vitro starch digestibility, cooking quality, and consumer acceptability of durum wheat pasta. | whole grain sorghum is a valuable source of resistant starch and polyphenolic antioxidants and its addition into staple food like pasta may reduce the starch digestibility. however, incorporating nondurum wheat materials into pasta provides a challenge in terms of maintaining cooking quality and consumer acceptability. pasta was prepared from 100% durum wheat semolina (dws) as control or by replacing dws with either wholegrain red sorghum flour (rsf) or white sorghum flour (wsf) each at 20%, 30% ... | 2014 | 25047068 |
| molecular basis of adaptation to high soil boron in wheat landraces and elite cultivars. | environmental constraints severely restrict crop yields in most production environments, and expanding the use of variation will underpin future progress in breeding. in semi-arid environments boron toxicity constrains productivity, and genetic improvement is the only effective strategy for addressing the problem. wheat breeders have sought and used available genetic diversity from landraces to maintain yield in these environments; however, the identity of the genes at the major tolerance loci w ... | 2014 | 25043042 |
| anchoring durum wheat diversity in the reality of traditional agricultural systems: varieties, seed management, and farmers' perception in two moroccan regions. | traditional agrosystems are the places were crop species have evolved and continue to evolve under a combination of human and environmental pressures. a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of crop diversity in these agrosystems is crucial to sustain food security and farmers' self-reliance. it requires as a first step, anchoring a description of the available diversity in its geographical, environmental, cultural and socio-economic context. | 2014 | 25027694 |
| contrasting effects of water salinity and ozone concentration on two cultivars of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) in mediterranean conditions. | this paper reports the results of an open-top chambers experiment on the responses of two durum wheat cultivars (neodur and virgilio) exposed to two different levels of ozone (charcoal-filtered air and ozone-enriched air) and irrigation water salinity (tap water as control and a 75 mm nacl solution once a week). the stomatal conductance of the flag leaves was measured on four dates during may. flag leaf samples were collected to detect ozone visible leaf injuries. at the end of the growing seaso ... | 2014 | 24988093 |
| fusarium species, chemotype characterisation and trichothecene contamination of durum and soft wheat in an area of central italy. | fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat is an important disease causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. the aim of the work was to detect and characterise trichothecene producing fusarium species in durum and soft wheat cultivated in an area of central italy in 2009 and 2010 and to determine trichothecene contamination by lc-ms/ms in the grain. | 2015 | 24909776 |
| comparative analysis of metabolic proteome variation in ascorbate-primed and unprimed wheat seeds during germination under salt stress. | seed priming with ascorbic acid improves salt tolerance in durum wheat. for understanding the potential mechanisms underlying this priming effect a gel-free shotgun proteomic analysis was performed comparing unprimed to ascorbate-primed wheat seed during germination under saline and non-saline conditions. since seed germination is the result of interplay or cross-talk between embryo and embryo-surrounding tissues, we studied the variation of metabolic proteome in both tissues separately. 167 of ... | 2014 | 24859728 |
| survey of ochratoxin a in freshly harvested durum and hard red spring wheat in the united states, 2011 and 2012. | ochratoxin a (ota) is a toxin produced by some penicillium and aspergillus species around the world in a variety of food and feed, especially cereal grains, before harvest but primarily during storage. durum and hard red spring (hrs) wheat samples were collected right after harvest as part of the u. s. regional crop quality survey in both 2011 (n = 560) and 2012 (n = 654) from the upper great plains. all samples were analyzed for ota contamination using high-performance liquid chromatography wit ... | 2014 | 24853526 |
| effect of a rye dwarfing gene on plant height, heading stage, and fusarium head blight in triticale (×triticosecale wittmack). | the rye-derived dwarfing gene ddw1 on chromosome 5r acts in triticale in considerably reducing plant height, increasing fhb severity and delaying heading stage. triticale, an amphiploid hybrid between durum wheat and rye, is an european cereal mainly grown in germany, france, poland, and belarus for feeding purposes. dwarfing genes might further improve the genetic potential of triticale concerning lodging resistance and yield. however, they might have pleiotropic effects on other, agronomically ... | 2014 | 24852306 |