| a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) dre-binding transcription factor gene, ghdreb, confers enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, and freezing stresses in transgenic wheat. | a cotton (g. hirsutum l.) dehydration responsive element binding protein gene, ghdreb, which encodes a 153 amino acid protein containing a conserved ap2/erebp domain, was isolated from the cdna library of cotton cv. simian 3 by a yeast one-hybrid system. rna blot analysis showed that the ghdreb gene was induced in cotton seedlings by drought, high salt and cold stresses. an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) indicated that the ghdreb protein bound specifically to the dre core element (a ... | 2009 | 19005655 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of bread and durum wheat using freshly isolated immature embryos. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of wheat is becoming a viable alternative to the more established biolistic protocols. it offers advantages in terms of simple, low-copy-number integrations and can be applied with similar efficiencies to specific durum wheat and spring and winter bread wheat types varieties. | 2009 | 19009440 |
| tobacco by-2 cells as effective bioreactor for the production of puroindolines. | puroindolines are two small proteins so called for the presence of an hydrophobic tryptophan-rich domain. associated to wheat starch granules in triticum aestivum, puroindolines have been shown to be responsible for the softness of the wheat endosperm. moreover, have been proved to possess bactericide and anti-fungal properties together with the capacity of forming very stable foams. all these features make puroindolines very attractive for medical, pharmaceutical and food industrial application ... | 2008 | 19014352 |
| wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina. | leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat. the fungus is an obligate parasite capable of producing infectious urediniospores as long as infected leaf tissue remains alive. urediniospores can be wind-disseminated and infect host plants hundreds of kilometres from their source plant, which can result in wheat leaf rust epidemics on a continental scale. this review summarizes current knowledge of the p. triticina/wheat interaction with emphasis on the infecti ... | 2008 | 19018988 |
| a class iii peroxidase specifically expressed in pathogen-attacked barley epidermis contributes to basal resistance. | higher plants possess large multigene families encoding secreted class iii peroxidase (prx) proteins. in barley, two prx cdnas encoding hvprx07 and hvprx08 have been isolated and characterized to some extent with respect to a resistance-mediating function upon attack by the powdery-mildew fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). here we present evidence for the tissue-specific accumulation of a new prx mrna, hvprx40, in bgh-attacked epidermis of barley (hordeum vulgare). the encoded protein ... | 2008 | 19018997 |
| characterization of t. aestivum-h. californicum chromosome addition lines da2h and ma5h. | in order to transfer useful genes of hordeum californicum into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the t. aestivum c.v. chinese spring (cs)-h. californicum amphiploid was crossed to cs, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morphological observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. alien addition lines with two h. californicum chromosomes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. sts-pcr analysis using chromosome 2b ... | 2008 | 19022201 |
| chlorophenols induce lipid peroxidation and change antioxidant parameters in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in this work, changes in superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat) and guaiacol peroxidase (pod) activity were determined in the leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) and pentachlorophenol (pcp). we analyzed the content of free phenols, the level of lipid peroxidation, and also the oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 by 2,4-dcp and pcp. chlorophenols were spiked to soil in concentrations of 0.5 and 5.0 mg kg(-1). plant seeds were raised in plastic pots con ... | 2009 | 19027988 |
| phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit. | the phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. gc/gc-ms analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds--aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. the three major monoterpenes were beta-myrcene (30.2%), p-cymene (12.8%) and dl-limonene (12.4%). the essential oi ... | 2008 | 19040104 |
| effect of auxin and salt stress (nacl) on seed germination of wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.). | seeds of three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars included mahdavi, pishtaz and shiraz, were used to investigate the effects of different salinity and auxin concentrations on their germination percent, radicle and hypocotyl length, seedling fresh and dry weight, radicle and hypocotyl dry weight. results showed that increasing concentrations of nacl reduced germination percentage, radicle length, hypocotyl length, seedling fresh and dry weight and hypocotyl dry weight. hypocotyl dry weight in ... | 2007 | 19070130 |
| [cloning and expression analysis of two salt and fusarium graminearum stress associated udp-glucosyltransferases genes in wheat]. | glycosyltransferases (gts) play important roles in stress responses of plants by glycosylating hormones and secondary metabolites. udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts), which use udp-glucuronic acid in animals, udp-glucose, udp-galactose, and udp- rhamnose in plant as sugar donors, belong to family 1 of gts. as a secondary metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum during infection of grains, deoxynivalenol (don) is not only harmful to human and animal's health by inhibiting protein synthesis, but a ... | 2008 | 19073578 |
| specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of triticum aestivum l. | the presence and location of specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of wheat were estimated using radioligand binding assay. membrane and cytosolic fractions of non-vernalized and vernalized plants were tested using tritium-labelled ligands. specific binding of [(3)h]progesterone and [(3)h]17beta-estradiol occurs in wheat cells. the binding sites are located in membranes and in the cytosol. specific binding of [(3)h]17beta-estradiol is higher in the membranes than ... | 2008 | 19081853 |
| toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (triticum aestivum): plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles. | because of their insolubility in water, nanoparticles have a limitation concerning toxicity experiments. the present study demonstrated a plant agar test for homogeneous exposure of nanoparticles to plant species. the effect of cu nanoparticles on the growth of a plant seedling was studied, and bioaccumulation of nanoparticles was investigated. all tests were conducted in plant agar media to prevent precipitation of water-insoluble nanoparticles in test units. the plant species were phaseolus ra ... | 2008 | 19086317 |
| effect of between and on row distance of first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.). | this study was carried out at the university of ankara, faculty of agriculture, haymana research and application farm, haymana county, ankara, turkey during 1987/1990 with the aim of to determine the effect of between and on row distances (b(rd) and o(rd), respectively) on the first development, tillering, yield and yield components in wheat cultivars (triticum sp.). five wheat cultivars (bezostaja-i, gerek 79, haymana 79; triticum aestivum l., cakmak 79 and kunduru 1149; triticum durum desf.) w ... | 2007 | 19093497 |
| growth indices of winter wheat as affected by irrigation regimes under iran conditions. | an experiment was conducted during 2004-2006 at the agricultural research station, islamic azad university, khorasgan branch, isfahan, iran. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation regimes on growth indices of three bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes. a split plot layout with a randomized complete block design with four replications was used. irrigation treatments (irrigation after 70 (i1), 90 (i2) and 110 (i3) mm cumulative evaporation from class a evaporat ... | 2007 | 19093518 |
| a high molecular weight polypeptide cross-reacting with the antibodies to the dynein heavy chain localizes to the subset of golgi complex in higher plant cells. | antibodies were produced against fragments of the microtubule-binding domain and the motor domain of the dynein heavy chain from dictyostelium discoideum to probe whole cell extracts of root meristem cells of wheat triticum aestivum. in plant extracts, these antibodies cross-reacted with a polypeptide of high molecular weight (>500kda). the antibodies bound to protein a-sepharose precipitated high molecular weight polypeptide from cell extracts. immunofluorescence showed that the antibodies iden ... | 2009 | 19135538 |
| agriculture and the new challenges for photosynthesis research. | a rising human population and changing patterns of land use mean that world food production rates will need to be increased by at least 50% by 2050, a massive rise in harvestable yield per hectare of the major crops such as rice (oryza sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum). combinations of breeding for improved morphology-related traits such as harvest index and increased inputs of water and fertilizer, which have sustained yield increases since the 1960s, will be neither sufficient nor sustaina ... | 2009 | 19140947 |
| [genetic analysis and location of loci controlling leaf rust resistance of introgressive triticum aestivum x triticum timopheevii]. | introgressive lines resulting from crossing common wheat triticum aestivum with the tetraploid t. timopheevii are characterized by effective resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina eriks. molecular analysis using 350 specific short sequence repeat (ssr) markers was used to locate the t. timopheevii genome to chromosomes 1a, 2a, 2b, 5a, 5b, and 6b. a population of f2 offspring of crossing hybrid line 842-2 with common wheat cultivar skala was obtained for mapping the loci controlling ... | 2008 | 19178084 |
| tracking costs of virulence in natural populations of the wheat pathogen, puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici. | costs of adaptation play an important role in host-parasite coevolution. for parasites, evolving the ability to circumvent host resistance may trade off with subsequent growth or transmission. such costs of virulence (sensu plant pathology) limit the spread of all-infectious genotypes and thus facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphism in both host and parasite. we investigated costs of three virulence factors in puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aes ... | 2009 | 19183485 |
| characterization and chromosomal location of pm40 in common wheat: a new gene for resistance to powdery mildew derived from elytrigia intermedium. | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a very destructive wheat (triticum aestivum) disease. resistance was transferred from elytrigia intermedium to common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, and line gry19, that was subsequently selected, possessed a single dominant gene for seedling resistance. five polymorphic microsatellite markers, xgwm297, xwmc335, xwmc364, xwmc426 and xwmc476, on chromosome arm 7bs, were mapped relative to the powdery mildew resistance locus in an ... | 2009 | 19194691 |
| effects of selenium on wheat seedlings under drought stress. | the paper reports the effects of selenium (se) supply on growth and some physiological traits of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv shijiazhuang no. 8) seedlings exposed to drought stress. the growth and physiological responses of seedlings were different depending on the se concentration. the higher (3.0 mg se kg(-1)) and lower amount used (0.5 mg se kg(-1)) did not significantly affect on biomass accumulation. treatments with 1.0 and 2.0 mg se kg(-1) promoted biomass accumulation of wheat seedling ... | 2009 | 19214397 |
| chemical, biochemical, and biological impact of untreated domestic sewage water use on vertisol and its consequences on wheat (triticum aestivum) productivity. | in the peri-urban areas of central india, sewage water is a valuable resource for agricultural production. in this study, impact of domestic sewage water irrigation for 5 years on vertisol with no previous history of sewage irrigation was investigated in an ongoing field experiment at bhopal (india) under subtropical monsoon type climate. the wheat (triticum aestivum) crop was grown during post-rainy winter season with 30 cm of irrigation (groundwater or sewage water) and four nutrient treatment ... | 2010 | 19219646 |
| auxin production by plant associated bacteria: impact on endogenous iaa content and growth of triticum aestivum l. | the aim of this study was to investigate the potential of bacterial strains of bacillus, pseudomonas, escherichia, micrococcus and staphylococcus genera associated with wild herbaceous flora to enhance endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) content and growth of triticum aestivum var. inqalab-91. | 2009 | 19220737 |
| intein-mediated protein assembly in transgenic wheat: production of active barnase and acetolactate synthase from split genes. | engineering traits by the assembly of non-functional gene products is a promising tool for modern plant biotechnology. in this article, we describe the establishment of male sterility and herbicide resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) by complementing inactive precursor protein fragments through a split intein system. n- and c-terminal fragments of a barnase gene from bacillus amyloliquifaciens were fused to intein sequences from the synechocystis sp. gene dnab and delivered into the wheat ge ... | 2009 | 19222807 |
| a kinase-start gene confers temperature-dependent resistance to wheat stripe rust. | stripe rust is a devastating fungal disease that afflicts wheat in many regions of the world. new races of puccinia striiformis, the pathogen responsible for this disease, have overcome most of the known race-specific resistance genes. we report the map-based cloning of the gene yr36 (wks1), which confers resistance to a broad spectrum of stripe rust races at relatively high temperatures (25 degrees to 35 degrees c). this gene includes a kinase and a putative start lipid-binding domain. five ind ... | 2009 | 19228999 |
| limited genetic variation within and between russian wheat aphid (hemiptera: aphididae) biotypes in the united states. | insect biotypes are populations able to kill or injure crops with resistance genes and complicate pest management programs based on host plant resistance. biotypes occur in russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (kurdjumov) (hemiptera: aphididae), a worldwide pest of wheat, triticum aestivum l., and barley, hordeum vulgare l., that was introduced into mexico in 1980 and then spread into texas by 1986. five d. noxia biotypes were described in the united states and given the number designations 1 th ... | 2009 | 19253666 |
| search for diagnostic proteins to prove authenticity of organic wheat grains (triticum aestivum l.). | research comparing the biochemical composition of wheat grains from organic or conventional agriculture has used the targeted analytical approach. to obtain a more comprehensive record of the food's composition, we employed protein profiling techniques. levels of 1049 proteins were recorded in wheat grains (triticum aestivum l., cv. titlis) of two growing seasons from a rigorously controlled field trial in switzerland, containing organic and conventional plots. levels of 25 proteins were differe ... | 2009 | 19253955 |
| comparative effectiveness of pseudomonas and serratia sp. containing acc-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under salt-stressed conditions. | ethylene synthesis is accelerated in response to various environmental stresses like salinity. ten rhizobacterial strains isolated from wheat rhizosphere taken from different salt affected areas were screened for growth promotion of wheat under axenic conditions at 1, 5, 10 and 15 ds m(-1). three strains, i.e., pseudomonas putida (n21), pseudomonas aeruginosa (n39) and serratia proteamaculans (m35) showing promising performance under axenic conditions were selected for a pot trial at 1.63 (origi ... | 2009 | 19255743 |
| phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil. | the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ... | 2008 | 19260228 |
| sewage sludge applied to agricultural soil: ecotoxicological effects on representative soil organisms. | application of sewage sludge to agricultural lands is a current practice in eu. european legislation permits its use when concentrations of metals in soil do not increase above the maximum permissible limits. in order to assess the fate and the effects on representative soil organisms of sewage sludge amendments on agricultural lands, a soil microcosm (multi-species soil system-ms3) experiment was performed. the ms3 columns were filled with spiked soil at three different doses: 30, 60 and 120tha ... | 2009 | 19261330 |
| effect of winter cover crops on nematode population levels in north florida. | two experiments were conducted in north-central florida to examine the effects of various winter cover crops on plant-parasitic nematode populations through time. in the first experiment, six winter cover crops were rotated with summer corn (zea mays), arranged in a randomized complete block design. the cover crops evaluated were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oat (avena sativa), lupine (lupinus angustifolius), hairy vetch (vicia villosa), and crimson clover (trifolium incarnat ... | 2004 | 19262833 |
| nematicides increase grain yields in spring wheat cultivars and suppress plant-parasitic and bacterial-feeding nematodes. | grain yields of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cvs. ac barrie, ac walton, ac wilmot, belvedere, glenlea) in field plots over a 3-year period were increased (p < 0.001) by an average of 0.56 (25.1%) and 1.17 (52.5%) tonnes/ha in comparison to untreated check plots when aldicarb at 2.24 kg or fosthiazate at 13.5 a.i./ha, respectively, were broadcast and incorporated into the soil to suppress nematodes. the planned f test using orthogonal coefficients indicated that the mean response of grain y ... | 2005 | 19262893 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| efficacy of cotton root destruction and winter cover crops for suppression of hoplolaimus columbus. | the efficacy of rye (secale cereale) and wheat (triticum aestivum) winter cover crops and cotton stalk and root destruction (i.e., pulling them up) were evaluated in field tests during two growing seasons for hoplolaimus columbus management in cotton. the effect of removing debris from the field following root destruction also was evaluated. wheat and rye produced similar amounts of biomass, and both crops produced more biomass (p </= 0.05) following cotton root destruction. cover crops did not ... | 2000 | 19271009 |
| [molecular cytogenetics, fertility, and scab resistance of the intergeneric hybrid f1 and bc1 between triticum aestivum and roegneria kamoji]. | the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ... | 2009 | 19273443 |
| phytoparasitic nematode surveys of arkansas wheat fields, 1986-1988. | in arkansas wheat is commonly grown either in rotation or double cropped with soybean. surveys from 1986 to 1988 identified 18 phytoparasitic nematode species in arkansas wheat fields. the frequency of occurrence, as a percentage of the total number of samples (199), for the following nematodes was heterodera glycines 43%, quinisulcius acutus 40%, pratylenchus scribneri 37%, helicotylenchus pseudorobustus 15 %, xiphinema americanum 14%, paratylenchus tenuicaudatus 13 %, pratylenchus alleni 10%, ... | 1989 | 19287660 |
| nematicide seed dressing for cyst and lesion nematode control in wheat. | a trial was conducted in the northern negev region of israel in a field heavily infested with both cyst (heterodera avenae) and lesion (pratylenchus mediterraneus) nematodes. wheat (triticum aestivum cv. bet lehem) seeds were coated with either seed-dressing formulation of furathiocarb 10 g a.i./kg seed or emulsifiable concentrate formulations ofcarbofuran 10 g a.i./kg seed or oxamyl 3.6 g a.i./kg seed. untreated seeds served as control. the trial was arranged in a randomized block design with s ... | 1989 | 19287661 |
| reproduction of pratylenchus penetrans on potato and crops grown in rotation with potato. | the relative suitability of potato and crops frequently grown in rotation with potato as hosts for pratylenchus penetrans was evaluated. suitability of rye, wheat, corn, oat, sorgho-sudangrass, and potato were compared in pot studies based on ratios of final population : initial population density and densities of nematodes in roots at harvest. population densities increased more on potato, oat, and corn than on rye, wheat, and sorgho-sudangrass. there were no differences among the four rye cult ... | 1990 | 19287696 |
| investigations of the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, from maryland. | the host range of the corn cyst nematode, heterodera zeae, recently detected in maryland, was investigated. a total of 269 plant entries, representing 68 families, 172 genera, and 204 species, was inoculated with cysts or a mixture of eggs and second-stage juveniles of h. zeae. the host range of the maryland population of h. zeae was limited to plants of the gramineae and included 11 tribes, 33 genera, 42 species, and 77 entries. all 22 corn (zea mays) cultivars tested were hosts. other economic ... | 1987 | 19290286 |
| nematode response to cool season annual graminaceous species and cultivars. | the response of 29 rye, oat, triticale, and wheat cultivars to selected nematode species was determined in the greenhouse. variability in nematode root galling and final nematode population densities in root and soil in response to cool season annual graminaceous crops occurred for spiral (helicotylenchus dihystera), stubby root (paratrichodorus minor), and root-knot (meloidogyne incognita) nematodes. although none of the graminaceous crops supported m. incognita at levels as high as the suscept ... | 1987 | 19290289 |
| nematode population and community dynamics in soybean-wheat cropping and tillage regimes. | the nematode community structures of various soybean-wheat regimes and of a single-cropped, conventionally tilled soybean regime were studied at two sites in tennessee. each of the 100 nematode species identified in the study was placed in one of five trophic groups, the most diverse being plant parasites (31 species), followed by dorylaimida (26 species), bacterivores (23 species), fungivores (15 species), and predators (5 species). no significant differences in overall diversity and dominance ... | 1984 | 19294042 |
| influence of selected cultural practices on winter survival of pratylenchus brachyurus and subsequent effects on soybean yield. | planting date of soybean, glycine max, influenced winter survival of pratylenchus brachyurus in microplots at two locations in north carolina. delayed planting resulted in a linear decrease (p = 0.05) in the numbers of p. brachyurus at soybean harvest. effects of planting date on nematode numbers persisted over winter, indicating that survival in the absence of a host is density independent. compared with winter fallow, winter wheat, triticum aestivum, reduced winter survival of p. brachyurus. s ... | 1985 | 19294125 |
| the molecular biology of seasonal flowering-responses in arabidopsis and the cereals. | in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), flowering locus t (ft) and flowering locus c (flc) play key roles in regulating seasonal flowering-responses to synchronize flowering with optimal conditions. ft is a promoter of flowering activated by long days and by warm conditions. flc represses ft to delay flowering until plants experience winter. | 2009 | 19304997 |
| family-based mapping of quantitative trait loci in plant breeding populations with resistance to fusarium head blight in wheat as an illustration. | traditional quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping approaches are typically based on early or advanced generation analysis of bi-parental populations. a limitation associated with this methodology is the fact that mapping populations rarely give rise to new cultivars. additionally, markers linked to the qtl of interest are often not immediately available for use in breeding and they may not be useful within diverse genetic backgrounds. use of breeding populations for simultaneous qtl mapping, mar ... | 2009 | 19322557 |
| saturation and comparative mapping of the genomic region harboring hessian fly resistance gene h26 in wheat. | resistance gene h26, derived from aegilops tauschii coss., is one of the most effective r genes against the hessian fly [mayetiola destructor (say)], an important pest of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). using a limited number of pcr-based molecular markers a previous study mapped h26 to the wheat chromosomal deletion bin 3dl3-0.81-1.00. the objectives of this study were to saturate the chromosomal region harboring h26 with newly developed pcr-based markers and to investigate the collinearity of th ... | 2009 | 19322558 |
| timing and biosynthetic potential for carotenoid accumulation in genetically diverse germplasm of maize. | enhancement of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in food crops benefits human health and adds commercial value of natural food colorants. however, predictable metabolic engineering or breeding is limited by the incomplete understanding of endogenous pathway regulation, including rate-controlling steps and timing of expression in carotenogenic tissues. the grass family (poaceae) contains major crop staples, including maize (zea mays), wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), sorghum (sor ... | 2009 | 19346441 |
| basal expression studies of cystatins during specific growth stages of wheat spikes for defining their possible role in differential and stage dependent immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica). | two genotypes showing differential immunity against karnal bunt (tilletia indica) were used to investigate the role of three members of cystatin gene family in growth stage dependent immunity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). three members of cystatin gene family (wc1, wc2, and wc4) were cloned and sequenced. analysis of sequenced data showed that there was 76-99% nucleotide and protein sequence identity between different genes of the wheat cystatin. in silico amino acid sequence analysis reveale ... | 2010 | 19347606 |
| mitochondrial and nuclear localization of a novel pea thioredoxin: identification of its mitochondrial target proteins. | plants contain several genes encoding thioredoxins (trxs), small proteins involved in the regulation of the activity of many enzymes through dithiol-disulfide exchange. in addition to chloroplastic and cytoplasmic trx systems, plant mitochondria contain a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent trx reductase and a specific trx o, and to date, there have been no reports of a gene encoding a plant nuclear trx. we report here the presence in pea (pisum sativum) mitochondria an ... | 2009 | 19363090 |
| evolution of new disease specificity at a simple resistance locus in a crop-weed complex: reconstitution of the lr21 gene in wheat. | the wheat leaf-rust resistance gene lr21 was first identified in an iranian accession of goatgrass, aegilops tauschii coss., the d-genome donor of hexaploid bread wheat, and was introgressed into modern wheat cultivars by breeding. to elucidate the origin of the gene, we analyzed sequences of lr21 and lr21 alleles from 24 wheat cultivars and 25 accessions of ae. tauschii collected along the caspian sea in iran and azerbaijan. three basic nonfunctional lr21 haplotypes, h1, h2, and h3, were identi ... | 2009 | 19364806 |
| the gamma-gliadin multigene family in common wheat (triticum aestivum) and its closely related species. | the unique properties of wheat flour primarily depend on gluten, which is the most important source of protein for human being. gamma-gliadins have been considered to be the most ancient of the wheat gluten family. the complex family structure of gamma-gliadins complicates the determination of their function. moreover, gamma-gliadins contain several sets of celiac disease epitopes. however, no systematic research has been conducted yet. | 2009 | 19383144 |
| survey of stink bug (hemiptera: pentatomidae) egg parasitoids in wheat, soybean, and vegetable crops in southeast virginia. | stink bugs (hemiptera: pentatomidae) cause significant damage to many different crops and horticultural commodities in virginia. however, little is known about the species diversity or impact of stink bug egg parasitoids in the state. a survey was conducted in 2005 and 2006 (may through september) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l.), and several vegetable crops by collecting natural egg masses of various stink bug species and by monitoring sentinel egg masses. a total of 57 ... | 2009 | 19389285 |
| identification of novel qtls for seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in a wheat doubled haploid population. | pyramiding of genes that confer partial resistance is a method for developing wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with durable resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina. in this research, a doubled haploid population derived from the cross between the synthetic hexaploid wheat (shw) (xaegilotriticum spp.) line ta4152-60 and the north dakota breeding line nd495 was used for identifying genes conferring partial resistance to leaf rust in both the adult plant and seedling stages. five ... | 2009 | 19396420 |
| identification and genetic mapping of pm42, a new recessive wheat powdery mildew resistance gene derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). | powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide in areas with cool or maritime climates. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is an important potential donor of disease resistances and other traits for common wheat improvement. a powdery mildew resistance gene was transferred from wild emmer accession g-303-1m to susceptible common wheat by crossing and backcrossing, resulting in inbred line p63 (yanda1817/g-303-1 m//3* ... | 2009 | 19407985 |
| meta-qtl analysis of the genetic control of ear emergence in elite european winter wheat germplasm. | variation in ear emergence time is critical for the adaptation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to specific environments. the aim of this study was to identify genes controlling ear emergence time in elite european winter wheat germplasm. four doubled haploid populations derived from the crosses: avalon x cadenza, savannah x rialto, spark x rialto, and charger x badger were selected which represent diversity in european winter wheat breeding programmes. ear emergence time was recorded as the time ... | 2009 | 19430758 |
| neuroprotective effects of triticum aestivum l. against beta-amyloid-induced cell death and memory impairments. | beta-amyloid (a beta) is a key component of senile plaques, neuropathological hallmarks of alzheimer's disease (ad) and has been reported to induce cell death via oxidative stress. this study investigated the protective effects of triticum aestivum l. (tal) on a beta-induced apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells and cognitive dysfunctions in sprague-dawley (sd) rats. cells treated with a beta exhibited decreased viability and apoptotic features, such as dna fragmentation, alterations in mitochondria and an ... | 2010 | 19441012 |
| a host-selective toxin of pyrenophora tritici-repentis, ptr toxa, induces photosystem changes and reactive oxygen species accumulation in sensitive wheat. | ptr toxa (toxa) is a proteinaceous necrotizing host-selective toxin produced by pyrenophora tritici-repentis, a fungal pathogen of wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we have found that treatment of toxa-sensitive wheat leaves with toxa leads to a light-dependent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) that correlates with the onset of necrosis. furthermore, the accumulation of ros and necrosis could be inhibited by the antioxidant n-acetyl cysteine, providing further evidence that r ... | 2009 | 19445591 |
| qtl-specific microarray gene expression analysis of wheat resistance to fusarium head blight in sumai-3 and two susceptible nils. | fusarium head blight, predominantly caused by fusarium graminearum (schwabe) in north america, is a destructive disease that poses a serious threat to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) production around the world. cdna microarrays consisting of wheat ests derived from a wheat - f. graminearum interaction suppressive subtractive hybridization library were used to investigate qtl-specific differential gene expression between the resistant chinese cultivar sumai-3 and two susceptible near isogenic lines ... | 2009 | 19448721 |
| virulence analysis of hessian fly populations from texas, oklahoma, and kansas. | in recent years, the number of wheat, triticum aestivum l., fields heavily infested by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), has increased in the great plains of the united states. historically, resistance genes in wheat have been the most efficient means of controlling this insect pest. to determine which resistance genes are still effective in this area, virulence of six hessian fly populations from texas, oklahoma, and kansas was determined, using the resistance genes h3, h4, h5, h6, h7h8, ... | 2009 | 19449660 |
| differentiation of molecular genotypes and virulence phenotypes of puccinia triticina from common wheat in north america. | wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina is widely distributed in the wheat growing regions of the united states and canada, and is subject to selection for virulence phenotype by leaf rust resistance genes in wheat cultivars. the objective of this study was to determine the number of genetically differentiated groups of p. triticina that are currently present in north america. in total, 148 isolates of p. triticina from the 1980s to 2005 were collected from wheat-growing regions of the unit ... | 2009 | 19453235 |
| defense strategy of old and modern spring wheat varieties during soil drying. | different defense mechanisms of three spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties were studied by withholding watering in well-watered pots to gradually increase water deficit of plants grown in containers. the strategies of plant adaptation were divided into three phases according to the severity of drought: first, a positive defense phase that started from commencement of non-hydraulic root-sourced signals (nhrs) and ended at onset of hydraulic root-sourced signals (hrs)--the plant responded ... | 2009 | 19453498 |
| markers to a common bunt resistance gene derived from 'blizzard' wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and mapped to chromosome arm 1bs. | common bunt, caused by tilletia caries (dc.) tul. & c. tul. and t. laevis j.g kuhn, is an economically important disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. the resistance in the winter wheat cultivar 'blizzard' is effective against known races of common bunt in western canada. the incorporation of resistance from blizzard into field-ready cultivars may be accelerated through the use of molecular markers. using the maize pollen method, a doubled haploid population of 147 lines was develop ... | 2009 | 19471904 |
| molecular identification of a new powdery mildew resistance gene pm41 on chromosome 3bl derived from wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides). | powdery mildew caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici is an important wheat disease in china and other parts of the world. wild emmer (triticum turgidum var. dicoccoides) is the immediate progenitor of cultivated tetraploid and hexaploid wheats and thus an important resource for wheat improvement. wild emmer accession iw2 collected from mount hermon, israel, is highly resistant to powdery mildew at the seedling and adult plant stages. genetic analysis using an f(2) segregating population and ... | 2009 | 19471905 |
| prometryne-induced oxidative stress and impact on antioxidant enzymes in wheat. | prometryne is one of the herbicides widely used for controlling weed/grass in agricultural practice. however, whether it has an adverse effect on crops is unknown. in this study, we investigated prometryne-induced oxidative stress in wheat (triticum aestivum). wheat plants were grown in soils with prometryne at 0-24 mgkg(-1) soil. the growth of wheat treated with prometryne was inhibited. chlorophyll content significantly decreased even at the low level of prometryne (4 mgkg(-1) soil). accumulat ... | 2009 | 19473703 |
| rapid and targeted introgression of genes into popular wheat cultivars using marker-assisted background selection. | a marker-assisted background selection (mabs)-based gene introgression approach in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was optimized, where 97% or more of a recurrent parent genome (rpg) can be recovered in just two backcross (bc) generations. a four-step mabs method was developed based on 'plabsim' computer simulations and wheat genome structure information. during empirical optimization of this method, double recombinants around the target gene were selected in a step-wise fashion during the two bc c ... | 2009 | 19484121 |
| evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas. | eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ... | 2009 | 19493973 |
| hydrogen peroxide scavenging regulates germination ability during wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seed maturation. | hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) promotes seed germination of cereal plants and ascorbic acid which acts as antioxidant suppresses the germination of wheat seeds, but the role of h(2)o(2) scavenging on germination during seed maturation has not been demonstrated. we investigated relationship of germination, ascorbate, h(2)o(2) scavenging enzymes and sensitivity to ascorbic acid (asa) maturing seeds of two typical wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, cvs. shirogane-komugi and norin61. shirogane-ko ... | 2008 | 19513213 |
| characterization of the wheat endosperm transfer cell-specific protein tapr60. | the tapr60 gene from bread wheat encodes a small cysteine-rich protein with a hydrophobic signal peptide, predicted to direct the tapr60 protein to a secretory pathway. it was demonstrated by heterologous expression of recombinant tapr60 protein that the signal peptide is recognized and cleaved in yeast cells. the full-length gene including promoter sequence of a tapr60 orthologue was cloned from a bac library of triticum durum. a transcriptional promoter-gus fusion was stably transformed into w ... | 2009 | 19513805 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel glyoxalase i gene tagly i in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with rna, dna and protein, which generally results in a number of side advert effects to cell. glyoxalase i is a member of glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal. an est encoding a glyoxalase i was isolated from a ssh (suppression subtractive hybridization)-cdna library of wheat spike inoculated by fusarium graminearum. the corresponding full length gene, named tagly i, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. its genomic ... | 2010 | 19513813 |
| meiosis drives extraordinary genome plasticity in the haploid fungal plant pathogen mycosphaerella graminicola. | meiosis in the haploid plant-pathogenic fungus mycosphaerella graminicola results in eight ascospores due to a mitotic division following the two meiotic divisions. the transient diploid phase allows for recombination among homologous chromosomes. however, some chromosomes of m. graminicola lack homologs and do not pair during meiosis. because these chromosomes are not present universally in the genome of the organism they can be considered to be dispensable. to analyze the meiotic transmission ... | 2009 | 19516898 |
| the dawgpaws pipeline for the annotation of genes and transposable elements in plant genomes. | abstract: | 2009 | 19545381 |
| effects of dried distillers' grains with solubles (wheat-based) in feedlot cattle diets on feces and manure composition. | the use of dried distillers' grains with solubles (ddgs) in feedlot cattle (bos taurus) diets is increasing as the bio-ethanol industry expands. this study investigated how wheat (triticum aestivum l.) ddgs-based diets impact feedlot cattle nutrient and volatile fatty acid (vfa) excretion. feedlot heifers were fed ddgs at 0 (control) 20, 40, 60% or 60% + ca (1% limestone) of dietary dry matter. feces and manure were sampled monthly over a 133-d finishing period. total nitrogen (tn) (feces only), ... | 2009 | 19549948 |
| isolation and heterologous transformation analysis of a pollen-specific promoter from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the promoter of a pollen-specific gene tapsg719 was isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by inverse-pcr (ipcr). sequence analysis revealed that the promoter contains two cis-acting elements (agaaa and gtga) known to confer anther/pollen-specific gene expression which suggests that the promoter of tapsg719 gene is a pollen-specific one. to ascertain the regulatory function of tapsg719 promoter, two deleted fragments (-1,776 to -1 bp and -1,019 to -1 bp) were fused to the beta-glucuronidase ... | 2010 | 19562512 |
| phosphorylation at s384 regulates the activity of the taalmt1 malate transporter that underlies aluminum resistance in wheat. | in this study we examined the role of protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in the transport properties of the wheat (triticum aestivum) root malate efflux transporter underlying al resistance, taalmt1. pre-incubation of xenopus laevis oocytes expressing taalmt1 with protein kinase inhibitors (k252a and staurosporine) strongly inhibited both basal and al(3+)-enhanced taalmt1-mediated inward currents (malate efflux). pre-incubation with phosphatase inhibitors (okadaic acid and cyclosporine a) ... | 2009 | 19563436 |
| comparison of bloat potential between a variety of soft-red versus a variety of hard-red winter wheat forage. | some aspects of wheat pasture bloat have been researched extensively, but few studies have evaluated the effect of wheat type or variety on bloat. eight gelbvieh x angus ruminally cannulated heifers (515 +/- 49 kg of bw) and 48 angus heifers (238 +/- 12 kg of bw) grazed 1-ha pastures of hard-red or soft-red winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to evaluate the effect of wheat variety on bloat potential. in exp. 1, cattle grazed from november 11 to 22 and from november 26 to december 7, 2006, in a ... | 2009 | 19574572 |
| genetic transformation of nepalese spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars with ipt gene under the regulation of a senescence enhanced promoter from maize. | two nepalese spring wheat cultivars were transformed with an ipt gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens under the control of the senescence inducible promoter psee1 from maize using biolistic method. the resulting transgenic lines, one from pasang lahmu and seven from annapurna-1, were studied for the expression of the transgene and the phenotype characters like chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, ps ii quantum yield and other parameters of agronomic importance. analysis of transgene expres ... | 2009 | 19579929 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of an up-regulated udp-glucosyltransferase gene induced by don from triticum aestivum l. cv. wangshuibai. | fusarium head blight, also called scab, is a serious disease of small grain cereals and maize. scab can not only cause yield loss, more seriously is that it can also deteriorate seed quality by contaminating the infected grains with trichothecenes toxins harmful to human and animal health. deoxynivalenol (don) is one of the most important toxin members. it was proposed that don acted first as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis and then accumulated in grain to levels posing a threat to ... | 2010 | 19585272 |
| [studies on quantitative trait loci related to activity of lactate dehydrogenase in common carp (cyprinus carpio)]. | the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids between common wheat and roegneria kamoji were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture. morphology, chromosome pairing behavior at meiosis, fertility, and resistance to scab of the hybrid f1 and bc1 were studied. the results showed that the morphology of the reciprocal intergeneric hybrids f1 between r. kamoji and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring were intermediate type between the two parental species. the chromosome configuration at metaphase i (mi) of ... | 2009 | 19586894 |
| regulation of resistance and susceptibility in wheat-powdery mildew pathosystem with exogenous cytokinins. | dose-response relationship between resistance of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum, cultivar zarya) to erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici marchal. (syn. blumeria graminis), a causal organism of wheat powdery mildew and exogenous zeatin has been investigated. two-week-old seedlings were inoculated with the pathogen. zeatin or zeatinriboside were added to the nutrient solution immediately after inoculation. the dose-response curve of cytokinin in the most cases was multiphasic, with peaks of increa ... | 2009 | 19592133 |
| reevaluation of a tetraploid wheat population indicates that the tsn1-toxa interaction is the only factor governing stagonospora nodorum blotch susceptibility. | the wheat tsn1 gene on chromosome 5b confers sensitivity to a host-selective toxin produced by the pathogens that cause tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) known as ptr toxa and sntoxa, respectively (hereafter referred to as toxa). a compatible tsn1-toxa interaction is known to play a major role in conferring susceptibility of hexaploid (common) wheat to snb. however, a recent study by another group suggested that the tsn1-toxa interaction was not relevant in conferring susceptibility ... | 2009 | 19594309 |
| characterization of genetic components involved in durable resistance to stripe rust in the bread wheat 'renan'. | stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive wheat diseases in areas where cool temperatures prevail. the wheat cv. renan, carrying the specific gene yr17, has shown effective resistance for a long time, even though some pathotypes overcame the yr17 gene. the objectives of this study were to locate and map genetic loci associated with adult-plant resistance (apr) to stripe rust in a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross b ... | 2009 | 19594316 |
| influence of genetic and environmental factors on selected nutritional traits of triticum monococcum. | to evaluate the effect of genotype, year, and location on protein, lipid, tocol, and lutein content and on fatty acids composition of wholemeal flour, five einkorns (triticum monococcum l. ssp. monococcum) and one control bread wheat were cropped in italy for two years in four different locations. genotype and year exerted major effects on protein, tocotrienol, and lutein contents, while tocopherol and lipid contents were influenced only by the genotype. the concentrations of linoleic, oleic, an ... | 2009 | 19601667 |
| identification of three wheat globulin genes by screening a triticum aestivum bac genomic library with cdna from a diabetes-associated globulin. | exposure to dietary wheat proteins in genetically susceptible individuals has been associated with increased risk for the development of type 1 diabetes (t1d). recently, a wheat protein encoded by cdna wp5212 has been shown to be antigenic in mice, rats and humans with autoimmune t1d. to investigate the genomic origin of the identified wheat protein cdna, a hexaploid wheat genomic library from glenlea cultivar was screened. | 2009 | 19615078 |
| effects of different water availability at post-anthesis stage on grain nutrition and quality in strong-gluten winter wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. however, water is the most important limiting factor for wheat production. this study was initiated to test water stress environmental effects on grain quality and nutritional value of wheat by using single different water conditions at post-anthesis stage. further analyses were conducted to examine variations in concentrations and compositions of the bioactive compounds and nutritions in strong-gluten winter ... | 2009 | 19632660 |
| genomic diversity of germinating scutellum specific gene p23k in barley and wheat. | p23k is a 23 kda protein involved in sugar translocation in the scutellum of germinating barley seeds. the present study was carried out to provide the genomic characterization for p23k gene in terms of copy number, chromosome mapping, genetic mapping and expression analysis in germinating sculletum in two major triticeae crops, barley and wheat, and their relatives. southern blotting showed that a variable copy number with different restriction fragment sizes was found among 15 hordeum accessio ... | 2009 | 19641998 |
| identifying qtl for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivar 'louise'. | over time, many single, all-stage resistance genes to stripe rust (puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are circumvented by race changes in the pathogen. in contrast, high-temperature, adult-plant resistance (htap), which only is expressed during the adult-plant stage and when air temperatures are warm, provides durable protection against stripe rust. our objective was to identify major quantitative trait loci (qtl) for htap resistance to stripe rust in the spring ... | 2009 | 19644666 |
| paenibacillus riograndensis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum. | a bacterial strain designated sbr5(t) was isolated from the rhizosphere of triticum aestivum. a phylogenetic analysis based on the 16s rrna gene sequence placed the isolate within the genus paenibacillus, being most closely related to paenibacillus graminis rsa19(t) (98.1 % similarity). the isolate was a gram-reaction-variable, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, with spores in a terminal position in cells. starch was utilized and dihydroxyacetone and catalase were produced. strain sbr5(t ... | 2010 | 19648317 |
| stolbur phytoplasma transmission to maize by reptalus panzeri and the disease cycle of maize redness in serbia. | maize redness (mr), induced by stolbur phytoplasma ('candidatus phytoplasma solani', subgroup 16srxii-a), is characterized by midrib, leaf, and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development. mr has been reported from serbia, romania, and bulgaria for 50 years, and recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40 to 90% in south banat district, serbia. potential vectors including leafhoppers and planthoppers in the order hemiptera, suborder auchenorrhyncha, were surveyed in mr-affected and low-mr-incidenc ... | 2009 | 19671007 |
| the mediator complex subunit pft1 is a key regulator of jasmonate-dependent defense in arabidopsis. | jasmonate signaling plays an important role in both plant defense and development. here, we have identified a subunit of the mediator complex as a regulator of the jasmonate signaling pathway in arabidopsis thaliana. the mediator complex is a conserved multiprotein complex that acts as a universal adaptor between transcription factors and the rna polymerase ii transcriptional machinery. we report that the phytochrome and flowering time1 (pft1) gene, which encodes the mediator25 subunit of mediat ... | 2009 | 19671879 |
| short-term foraging dynamics of cattle grazing swards with different canopy structures. | the objective of the present experiment was to describe the sward canopy structures of 3 different wheat (triticum aestivum l.) pastures and relate them to short-term herbage intake rate and foraging dynamics by steers. pastures were sampled for leaf and stem fractions at the bottom, middle, and top canopy strata. sward surface heights and tiller and bulk densities were measured. herbage was separated into stem and leaf, and leaves were then ranked phenologically. three steers grazed (grazing se ... | 2009 | 19684258 |
| rapid evolution of simple sequence repeat induced by allopolyploidization. | microsatellite evolution normally occurs in diploids. until now, there has been a lack of direct experimental evidence for microsatellite evolution following allopolyploidization. in the present study, f(1) hybrids and newly synthesized allopolyploids were derived from triticum aestivum chinese spring x secale cereale jinzhou-heimai. one hundred and sixty-three wheat simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers were used to investigate the variation of wheat microsatellites after allopolyploidization an ... | 2009 | 19688286 |
| expression of phytoene synthase1 and carotene desaturase crti genes result in an increase in the total carotenoids content in transgenic elite wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | dietary micronutrient deficiencies, such as the lack of vitamin a, are a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. carotenoids in food can function as provitamin a in humans, while grains of chinese elite wheat cultivars generally have low carotenoid contents. to increase the carotenoid contents in common wheat endosperm, transgenic wheat has been generated by expressing the maize y1 gene encoding phytoene synthase driven by a endosperm-specific 1dx5 promoter in the elite wheat (triticu ... | 2009 | 19694433 |
| biotic and abiotic stress responses through calcium-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) signaling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) sense the calcium concentration changes in plant cells and play important roles in signaling pathways for disease resistance and various stress responses as indicated by emerging evidences. among the 20 wheat cdpk genes studied, 10 were found to respond to drought, salinity and aba treatments. consistent with previous observations, one cdpk gene was shown to respond to multiple abiotic stresses in wheat suggesting that cdpks could be converging points fo ... | 2008 | 19704816 |
| effect of wheat forage maturity and preservation method on forage chemical composition and performance of growing calves fed mixed diets. | three 2.4-ha wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fields were used to test the effects of maturity at harvest (boot vs. dough) and preservation method (hay vs. silage) on forage yield, chemical composition, and animal performance when fed in mixed diets. forages were incorporated into 4 diets in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with hominy feed, soybean hulls, and cottonseed meal as the primary concentrate ingredients. in exp. 1 diets contained 20% wheat forage (dm basis) and were fed to 96 b ... | 2009 | 19717767 |
| involvement of s-adenosylmethionine-dependent halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) in methyl halide emissions from agricultural plants: isolation and characterization of an htmt-coding gene from raphanus sativus (daikon radish). | biogenic emissions of methyl halides (ch3cl, ch3br and ch3i) are the major source of these compounds in the atmosphere; however, there are few reports about the halide profiles and strengths of these emissions. halide ion methyltransferase (hmt) and halide/thiol methyltransferase (htmt) enzymes concerning these emissions have been purified and characterized from several organisms including marine algae, fungi, and higher plants; however, the correlation between emission profiles of methyl halide ... | 2009 | 19723322 |
| development of wheat-lophopyrum elongatum recombinant lines for enhanced sodium 'exclusion' during salinity stress. | lophopyrum elongatum (tall wheatgrass), a wild relative of wheat, can be used as a source of novel genes for improving salt tolerance of bread wheat. sodium 'exclusion' is a major physiological mechanism for salt tolerance in a wheat-tall wheatgrass amphiploid, and a large proportion ( approximately 50%) for reduced na(+) accumulation in the xag leaf, as compared to wheat, was earlier shown to be contributed by genetic effects from substitution of chromosome 3e from tall wheatgrass for wheat chr ... | 2009 | 19727655 |
| predicting stored grain insect population densities using an electronic probe trap. | manual sampling of insects in stored grain is a laborious and time-consuming process. automation of grain sampling should help to increase the adoption of stored grain integrated pest management. a new commercial electronic grain probe trap (opi insector) has recently been marketed. we field tested opi insector electronic grain probes in two bins, each containing 32.6 tonnes of wheat, triticum aestivum l., over a 2-yr period. we developed new statistical models to convert insector catch into ins ... | 2009 | 19736786 |
| molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in spring wheat cultivar zak. | stripe rust (yellow rust), caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. growing resistant cultivars is the best approach for control of the disease. although the stripe rust resistance in spring wheat cv. zak has been circumvented by a group of races of the pathogen predominant in the united states since 2000, the resistance genes in zak were unknown. to identify and map the genes for resistance to stripe ru ... | 2009 | 19740035 |
| fall growth, nutritive value, and estimation of total digestible nutrients for cereal-grain forages in the north-central united states. | throughout the southern great plains, wheat is managed frequently as a dual-purpose crop, but this production paradigm is not necessarily applicable throughout other regions of the united states, and a wider array of management options can be considered for forage-only uses of cereal grains. our objectives were to assess the fall-growth potential of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), triticale (x triticosecale wittmack), and oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars in wisconsin, and then to further evaluate a ... | 2010 | 19749014 |
| cloning and characterization of a wheat beta-1,3-glucanase gene induced by the stripe rust pathogen puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. | b-1,3-glucanases are a group of pathogenesis related proteins that have been reported to be involved in plant defense against pathogens in many other plant pathogen systems. however, it was not clear if these genes play similar role in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) against puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), the stripe rust pathogen. to investigate the role of b-1,3-glucanase (ec3.2.1.39) in the resistance response of wheat (cv. suwon11) to stripe rust, a wheat b-1,3-glucanase gene induced ... | 2010 | 19757158 |
| behavioural responses of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais, to host (stored-grain) and non-host plant volatiles. | four-arm olfactometer bioassays were conducted to assess the behavioural responses of the adult maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais (motschulsky) (coleoptera: curculionidae), to harvested seeds of host plants, i.e. white maize, yellow maize (zea mays l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (poaceae), and non-host plant materials, i.e. alligator pepper, aframomum melegueta (rosk) k. schum (zingiberaceae), rhizomes of ginger, zingiber officinale (roscoe) (zingiberaceae), and west african black pe ... | 2010 | 19760598 |
| [hydrogen peroxide production in wheat leaves infected with the fungus septoria nodorum berk. strains with different virulence]. | the effect of two strains of the phytopathogenic fungus septoria nodorum berk. of different virulence on the intensity of local generation of hydrogen peroxide in common wheat leaves and the role of oxidoreductases in this process was studied. differences in the pattern of hydrogen peroxide production in wheat plants infected with high- and low-virulence pathogen strains have been found. the low-virulent s. nodorum strain caused a long-term hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) generation in the infection zo ... | 2009 | 19764620 |