| multispectral phloem-mobile probes: properties and applications. | using arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings, we identified a range of small fluorescent probes that entered the translocation stream and were unloaded at the root tip. these probes had absorbance/emission maxima ranging from 367/454 to 546/576 nm and represent a versatile toolbox for studying phloem transport. of the probes that we tested, naturally occurring fluorescent coumarin glucosides (esculin and fraxin) were phloem loaded and transported in oocytes by the sucrose transporter, atsu ... | 2015 | 25653316 |
| engineering temporal accumulation of a low recalcitrance polysaccharide leads to increased c6 sugar content in plant cell walls. | reduced cell wall recalcitrance and increased c6 monosaccharide content are desirable traits for future biofuel crops, as long as these biomass modifications do not significantly alter normal growth and development. mixed-linkage glucan (mlg), a cell wall polysaccharide only present in grasses and related species among flowering plants, is comprised of glucose monomers linked by both β-1,3 and β-1,4 bonds. previous data have shown that constitutive production of mlg in barley (hordeum vulgare) s ... | 2015 | 25586315 |
| how vacuolar sorting receptor proteins interact with their cargo proteins: crystal structures of apo and cargo-bound forms of the protease-associated domain from an arabidopsis vacuolar sorting receptor. | in plant cells, soluble proteins are directed to vacuoles because they contain vacuolar sorting determinants (vsds) that are recognized by vacuolar sorting receptors (vsr). to understand how a vsr recognizes its cargo, we present the crystal structures of the protease-associated domain of vsr isoform 1 from arabidopsis thaliana (vsr1pa) alone and complexed with a cognate peptide containing the barley (hordeum vulgare) aleurain vsd sequence of 1adsnpirpvt10. the crystal structures show that vsr1p ... | 2014 | 25271241 |
| evolutionary conserved function of barley and arabidopsis 3-ketoacyl-coa synthases in providing wax signals for germination of powdery mildew fungi. | for plant pathogenic fungi, such as powdery mildews, that survive only on a limited number of host plant species, it is a matter of vital importance that their spores sense that they landed on the right spot to initiate germination as quickly as possible. we investigated a barley (hordeum vulgare) mutant with reduced epicuticular leaf waxes on which spores of adapted and nonadapted powdery mildew fungi showed reduced germination. the barley gene responsible for the mutant wax phenotype was clone ... | 2014 | 25201879 |
| functional diversification within the family of b-gata transcription factors through the leucine-leucine-methionine domain. | the transcription of the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) gata transcription factors gata, nitrate-inducible, carbon metabolism-involved (gnc) and gnc-like (gnl)/cytokinin-responsive gata factor1 is controlled by several growth regulatory signals including light and the phytohormones auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin. to date, gnc and gnl have been attributed functions in the control of germination, greening, flowering time, floral development, senescence, and floral organ abscission. gnc and ... | 2014 | 25077795 |
| repair of site-specific dna double-strand breaks in barley occurs via diverse pathways primarily involving the sister chromatid. | dna double-strand break (dsb) repair mechanisms differ in their requirements for a homologous repair template and in the accuracy of the result. we aimed to quantify the outcome of repair of a single targeted dsb in somatic cells of young barley (hordeum vulgare) plants. amplicon sequencing of three reporter constructs revealed 47 to 58% of reads as repaired via nonhomologous end-joining (nhej) with deletions and/or small (1 to 3 bp) insertions. alternative nhej revealed 2 to 5 bp microhomology ... | 2014 | 24876253 |
| determination of photoperiodic flowering time control in arabidopsis and barley. | the circadian clock serves to prepare plants for predictable changes in the environment both on a daily and a seasonal basis. floral transition in most plants is dependent on day length and, thus, on the season. sensing day length allows plants to synchronize their reproduction with favorable outside conditions. this process is known as the photoperiodic pathway of flowering time control, and it is tightly linked with the circadian clock of the plant. thus, mutants with defects in the circadian ... | 2014 | 24792059 |
| early flowering3 regulates flowering in spring barley by mediating gibberellin production and flowering locus t expression. | early flowering3 (elf3) is a circadian clock gene that contributes to photoperiod-dependent flowering in plants, with loss-of-function mutants in barley (hordeum vulgare), legumes, and arabidopsis thaliana flowering early under noninductive short-day (sd) photoperiods. the barley elf3 mutant displays increased expression of flowering locus t1 (ft1); however, it remains unclear whether this is the only factor responsible for the early flowering phenotype. we show that the early flowering and vege ... | 2014 | 24781117 |
| abscisic acid flux alterations result in differential abscisic acid signaling responses and impact assimilation efficiency in barley under terminal drought stress. | abscisic acid (aba) is a central player in plant responses to drought stress. how variable levels of aba under short-term versus long-term drought stress impact assimilation and growth in crops is unclear. we addressed this through comparative analysis, using two elite breeding lines of barley (hordeum vulgare) that show senescence or stay-green phenotype under terminal drought stress and by making use of transgenic barley lines that express arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) 9-cis-epoxycaroteno ... | 2014 | 24610749 |
| importance of symplasmic communication in cell differentiation. | symplasmic communication via plasmodesmata (pd) is part of the system of information exchange between plant cells. molecules that pass through the pd include ions, some hormones, minerals, amino acids, and sugars but also proteins, transcription factors, and different classes of rna, and as such pd can participate in the coordination of plant growth and development. this review summarizes the current literature on this subject and the role of pd in signal exchange, the importance of symplasmic c ... | 2014 | 24476959 |
| to open or to close: species-specific stomatal responses to simultaneously applied opposing environmental factors. | plant stomatal responses to single environmental factors are well studied; however, responses to a change in two (or more) factors - a common situation in nature - have been less frequently addressed. we studied the stomatal responses to a simultaneous application of opposing environmental factors in six evolutionarily distant mono- and dicotyledonous herbs representing different life strategies (ruderals, competitors and stress-tolerators) to clarify whether the crosstalk between opening- and c ... | 2014 | 24392838 |
| molecular characterization of two glutathione peroxidase genes of panax ginseng and their expression analysis against environmental stresses. | glutathione peroxidases (gpxs) are a group of enzymes that protect cells against oxidative damage generated by reactive oxygen species (ros). gpx catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) or organic hydroperoxides to water or alcohols by reduced glutathione. the presence of gpxs in plants has been reported by several groups, but the roles of individual members of this family in a single plant species have not been studied. two gpx cdnas were isolated and characterized from the embryoge ... | 2014 | 24269671 |
| an assessment of the biotechnological use of hemoglobin modulation in cereals. | non-symbiotic hemoglobin (nshb) genes are ubiquitous in plants, but their biological functions have mostly been studied in model plant species rather than in crops. nshb influences cell signaling and metabolism by modulating the levels of nitric oxide (no). class 1 nshb is upregulated under hypoxia and is involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. ectopic overexpression of nshb in arabidopsis thaliana accelerates development, whilst targeted overexpression in seeds can increase see ... | 2014 | 24118006 |
| can a late bloomer become an early bird? tools for flowering time adjustment. | the transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage followed by inflorescence is a critical step in plant life; therefore, studies of the genes that influence flowering time have always been of great interest to scientists. flowering is a process controlled by many genes interacting mutually in a genetic network, and several hypothesis and models of flowering have been suggested so far. plants in temperate climatic conditions must respond mainly to changes in the day length (photoperiod) an ... | 2014 | 24091290 |
| host cell entry of powdery mildew is correlated with endosomal transport of antagonistically acting vvpen1 and vvmlo to the papilla. | challenge by a nonadapted powdery mildew fungal pathogen leads to the formation of a local cell-wall apposition (papilla) beneath the point of attempted penetration. several plasma membrane (pm) proteins with opposing roles in powdery mildew infection, including arabidopsis thaliana penetration1 (pen1) and barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo), are localized to the site of powdery mildew attack. pen1 contributes to penetration resistance to nonadapted powdery mildews, whereas ... | 2013 | 23819806 |
| planex: the plant co-expression database. | the plant co-expression database (planex) is a new internet-based database for plant gene analysis. planex (http://planex.plantbioinformatics.org) contains publicly available genechip data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (geo) of the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). planex is a genome-wide co-expression database, which allows for the functional identification of genes from a wide variety of experimental designs. it can be used for the characterization of genes for ... | 2013 | 23688397 |
| complexity of potassium acquisition: how much flows through channels? | the involvement of potassium (k(+))-selective, shaker-type channels, particularly akt1, in primary k(+) acquisition in roots of higher plants has long been of interest, particularly in the context of low-affinity k(+) uptake, at high k(+) concentrations, as well as uptake from low-k(+) media under ammonium (nh₄(+)) stress. we recently demonstrated that k(+) channels cannot mediate k(+) acquisition in roots of intact barley (hordeum vulgare l.) seedlings at low (22.5 µm) external k(+) concentrati ... | 2013 | 23656868 |
| capacity and plasticity of potassium channels and high-affinity transporters in roots of barley and arabidopsis. | the role of potassium (k(+)) transporters in high- and low-affinity k(+) uptake was examined in roots of intact barley (hordeum vulgare) and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) plants by use of (42)k radiotracing, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and mutant analysis. comparisons were made between results from barley and five genotypes of arabidopsis, including single and double knockout mutants for the high-affinity transporter, athak5, and the shaker-type channel, atakt1. in arabidopsis, steady- ... | 2013 | 23553635 |
| plant growth and cultivation. | there is a variety of methods used for growing plants indoor for laboratory research. in most cases plant research requires germination and growth of plants. often, people have adapted plant cultivation protocols to the conditions and materials at hand in their own laboratory and growth facilities. here i will provide a guide for growing some of the most frequently used plant species for research, i.e., arabidopsis thaliana, barley (hordeum vulgare) and rice (oryza sativa). however, the methods ... | 2013 | 23073874 |
| a comparative study of ethylene growth response kinetics in eudicots and monocots reveals a role for gibberellin in growth inhibition and recovery. | time-lapse imaging of dark-grown arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls has revealed new aspects about ethylene signaling. this study expands upon these results by examining ethylene growth response kinetics of seedlings of several plant species. although the response kinetics varied between the eudicots studied, all had prolonged growth inhibition for as long as ethylene was present. in contrast, with continued application of ethylene, white millet (panicum miliaceum) seedlings had a rap ... | 2012 | 22977279 |
| mutation at the circadian clock gene early maturity 8 adapts domesticated barley (hordeum vulgare) to short growing seasons. | the circadian clock is an autonomous oscillator that produces endogenous biological rhythms with a period of about 24 h. this clock allows organisms to coordinate their metabolism and development with predicted daily and seasonal changes of the environment. in plants, circadian rhythms contribute to both evolutionary fitness and agricultural productivity. nevertheless, we show that commercial barley varieties bred for short growing seasons by use of early maturity 8 (eam8) mutations, also termed ... | 2012 | 22566625 |
| induced mutations in circadian clock regulator mat-a facilitated short-season adaptation and range extension in cultivated barley. | time to flowering has an important impact on yield and has been a key trait in the domestication of crop plants and the spread of agriculture. in 1961, the cultivar mari (mat-a.8) was the very first induced early barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mutant to be released into commercial production. mari extended the range of two-row spring barley cultivation as a result of its photoperiod insensitivity. since its release, mari or its derivatives have been used extensively across the world to facilitate s ... | 2012 | 22371569 |
| identification of high-temperature-responsive genes in cereals. | high temperature influences plant development and can reduce crop yields. we examined how ambient temperature influences reproductive development in the temperate cereals wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare). high temperature resulted in rapid progression through reproductive development in long days, but inhibited early stages of reproductive development in short days. activation of the long-day flowering response pathway through day-length-insensitive alleles of the photoperi ... | 2012 | 22279145 |
| arabidopsis ubiquitin conjugase ubc32 is an erad component that functions in brassinosteroid-mediated salt stress tolerance. | plants modify their growth and development to protect themselves from detrimental conditions by triggering a variety of signaling pathways, including the activation of the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation pathway. endoplasmic reticulum (er)-associated protein degradation (erad) is an important aspect of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, but only a few of the active erad components have been reported in plants. here, we report that the arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, ubc32 ... | 2012 | 22214659 |
| toward the storage metabolome: profiling the barley vacuole. | while recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in our capacity to identify and quantify an ever-increasing number of plant metabolites, our understanding of how metabolism is spatially regulated is still far from complete. in an attempt to partially address this question, we studied the storage metabolome of the barley (hordeum vulgare) vacuole. for this purpose, we used highly purified vacuoles isolated by silicon oil centrifugation and compared their metabolome with that found in the meso ... | 2011 | 21949213 |
| new allele of hvbri1 gene encoding brassinosteroid receptor in barley. | the aim of these studies was to characterize nucleotide substitutions leading to the phenotype of brassinosteroid-insensitive, semi-dwarf barley mutant 093ar. two substitutions in the sequence of barley hvbri1 gene, encoding leucine-rich repeats receptor kinase (lrr-rk), which participates in brassinosteroid (br) signalling, were identified in this chemically-induced barley mutant of the cv. aramir. the lrr-rk is a transmembrane protein phosphorylating downstream components. the identified subst ... | 2011 | 21302020 |
| complexation of hg with phytochelatins is important for plant hg tolerance. | three-week-old alfalfa (medicago sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare) and maize (zea mays) were exposed for 7 d to 30 µm of mercury (hgcl(2) ) to characterize the hg speciation in root, with no symptoms of being poisoned. the largest pool (99%) was associated with the particulate fraction, whereas the soluble fraction (sf) accounted for a minor proportion (<1%). liquid chromatography coupled with electro-spray/time of flight mass spectrometry showed that hg was bound to an array of phytochelatins ( ... | 2011 | 21276009 |
| a regulon conserved in monocot and dicot plants defines a functional module in antifungal plant immunity. | at least two components that modulate plant resistance against the fungal powdery mildew disease are ancient and have been conserved since the time of the monocot-dicot split (≈ 200 mya). these components are the seven transmembrane domain containing mlo/mlo2 protein and the syntaxin ror2/pen1, which act antagonistically and have been identified in the monocot barley (hordeum vulgare) and the dicot arabidopsis thaliana, respectively. additionally, syntaxin-interacting n-ethylmaleimide sensitive ... | 2010 | 21098265 |
| root hair-specific expansin b genes have been selected for graminaceae root hairs. | cell differentiation ultimately relies on the regulation of cell type-specific genes. for a root hair cell to undergo morphogenesis, diverse cellular processes including cell-wall loosening must occur in a root hair cell-specific manner. previously, we identified and characterized root hairspecific cis-elements (rhe) from the genes encoding the cell wall-loosening protein expansin a (expa) which functions preferentially on dicot cell walls. this study reports two root hair-specific grass expb ge ... | 2010 | 20811811 |
| oddsoc2 is a mads box floral repressor that is down-regulated by vernalization in temperate cereals. | in temperate cereals, such as wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). we examined the role of the grass-specific mads box gene oddsoc2 (os2) in the vernalization response in cereals. the barley os2 gene (hvos2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by vernalization. vernalization represses os2 independently of vernalization1 (vrn1) in a vrn1 deletion mut ... | 2010 | 20431086 |
| cop: a database for characterizing co-expressed gene modules with biological information in plants. | using a large dataset (10 022 assays) obtained from public plant microarray databases, we developed the cop database for associating co-expressed gene modules with biological information such as gene ontology terms and, if available, metabolic pathway names. the confeito algorithm developed previously in our laboratory, which is suitable to calculate the interconnectivity between genes in co-expressed gene network, was applied to extract co-expressed gene modules. the database includes the gene ... | 2010 | 20305269 |
| a conserved mechanism of bract suppression in the grass family. | suppression of inflorescence leaf, or bract, growth has evolved multiple times in diverse angiosperm lineages, including the poaceae and brassicaceae. studies of arabidopsis thaliana mutants have revealed several genes involved in bract suppression, but it is not known if these genes play a similar role in other plants with suppressed bracts. we identified maize (zea mays) tassel sheath (tsh) mutants, characterized by the loss of bract suppression, that comprise five loci (tsh1-tsh5). we used ma ... | 2010 | 20305121 |
| structure of hordeum vulgare nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase 2. unwinding the reaction mechanism. | thioredoxins (trxs) are protein disulfide reductases that regulate the intracellular redox environment and are important for seed germination in plants. trxs are in turn regulated by nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductases (ntrs), which provide reducing equivalents to trx using nadph to recycle trxs to the active form. here, the first crystal structure of a cereal ntr, hvntr2 from hordeum vulgare (barley), is presented, which is also the first structure of a monocot plant ntr. the structure was d ... | 2009 | 19690371 |
| trifldb: a database of clustered full-length coding sequences from triticeae with applications to comparative grass genomics. | the triticeae full-length cds database (trifldb) contains available information regarding full-length coding sequences (cdss) of the triticeae crops wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) and includes functional annotations and comparative genomics features. trifldb provides a search interface using keywords for gene function and related gene ontology terms and a similarity search for dna and deduced translated amino acid sequences to access annotations of triticeae full-length c ... | 2009 | 19448038 |
| vernalization-induced flowering in cereals is associated with changes in histone methylation at the vernalization1 gene. | prolonged exposure to low temperatures (vernalization) accelerates the transition to reproductive growth in many plant species, including the model plant arabidopsis thaliana and the economically important cereal crops, wheat and barley. vernalization-induced flowering is an epigenetic phenomenon. in arabidopsis, stable down-regulation of flowering locus c (flc) by vernalization is associated with changes in histone modifications at flc chromatin. in cereals, the vernalization response is mediat ... | 2009 | 19416817 |
| the barley magnesium chelatase 150-kd subunit is not an abscisic acid receptor. | magnesium chelatase is the first unique enzyme of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. it is composed of three gene products of which the largest is 150 kd. this protein was recently identified as an abscisic acid receptor in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). we have evaluated whether the barley (hordeum vulgare) magnesium chelatase large subunit, xanf, could be a receptor for the phytohormone. the study involved analysis of recombinant magnesium chelatase protein as well as several induced c ... | 2009 | 19176716 |
| experimental evidence for ascorbate-dependent electron transport in leaves with inactive oxygen-evolving complexes. | previously, we showed that in barley (hordeum vulgare) leaves with heat-inactivated oxygen-evolving complexes, photosystem ii (psii) has access to a large pool of alternative electron donors. based on in vitro data, we proposed that this donor was ascorbate, yet this hypothesis has not been substantiated in vivo. in this paper, with the aid of chlorophyll a fluorescence induced by short (5-ms) light pulses and 820-nm absorbance transient measurements on wild-type and ascorbate-deficient (vtc2-1) ... | 2009 | 19144767 |
| in vivo phosphorylation sites of barley tonoplast proteins identified by a phosphoproteomic approach. | in plants the vacuolar functions are the cellular storage of soluble carbohydrates, organic acids, inorganic ions and toxic compounds. transporters and channels located in the vacuolar membrane, the tonoplast, are modulated by ptms to facilitate the optimal functioning of a large number of metabolic pathways. here we present a phosphoproteomic approach for the identification of in vivo phosphorylation sites of tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) proteins. highly purified tonoplast and tonoplast-enrich ... | 2009 | 19142958 |
| distribution patterns of phosphorylated thr 3 and thr 32 of histone h3 in plant mitosis and meiosis. | cell cycle dependent phosphorylation of conserved n-terminal tail residues of histone h3 has been described in both animal and plant cells. through cytogenetic approaches using different plant species we show a detailed description of distribution patterns of phosphorylated histone h3 at either threonine 3 or threonine 32 in mitosis and meiosis. in meristematic cells of the large genome species secale cereale, vicia faba and hordeum vulgare we have found that phosphorylation of both threonine re ... | 2008 | 18931489 |
| supply of nitrogen can reverse senescence processes and affect expression of genes coding for plastidic glutamine synthetase and lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase. | nitrogen availability has a strong influence on developmental processes in plants. we show that the time of nitrogen supply regulates the course of leaf senescence in flag leaves of hordeum vulgare. the senescence-specific decrease in chlorophyll content and photosystem ii efficiency is clearly delayed when plants are fertilised with nitrate at the onset of leaf senescence. concurrently, the additional supply of nitrate affects expression patterns of two marker genes of nitrogen metabolism. as s ... | 2008 | 18721313 |
| genecat--novel webtools that combine blast and co-expression analyses. | the gene co-expression analysis toolbox (genecat) introduces several novel microarray data analyzing tools. first, the multigene co-expression analysis, combined with co-expressed gene networks, provides a more powerful data mining technique than standard, single-gene co-expression analysis. second, the high-throughput map-o-matic tool matches co-expression pattern of multiple query genes to genes present in user-defined subdatabases, and can therefore be used for gene mapping in forward genetic ... | 2008 | 18480120 |
| barley grain maturation and germination: metabolic pathway and regulatory network commonalities and differences highlighted by new mapman/pageman profiling tools. | plant seeds prepare for germination already during seed maturation. we performed a detailed transcriptome analysis of barley (hordeum vulgare) grain maturation, desiccation, and germination in two tissue fractions (starchy endosperm/aleurone and embryo/scutellum) using the affymetrix barley1 genechip. to aid data evaluation, arabidopsis thaliana mapman and pageman tools were adapted to barley. the analyses allow a number of conclusions: (1) cluster analysis revealed a smooth transition in transc ... | 2008 | 18281415 |
| the hormonal regulation of de-etiolation. | de-etiolation involves a number of phenotypic changes as the plants shift from a dark-grown (etiolated) to a light-grown (de-etiolated) morphology. whilst these light-induced, morphological changes are thought to be mediated by plant hormones, the precise mechanism/s are not yet fully understood. here we provide further direct evidence that gibberellins (gas) may play an important role in de-etiolation, because a similar light-induced reduction in bioactive ga levels was detected in barley (hord ... | 2008 | 18214530 |
| rice pseudomolecule-anchored cross-species dna sequence alignments indicate regional genomic variation in expressed sequence conservation. | various methods have been developed to explore inter-genomic relationships among plant species. here, we present a sequence similarity analysis based upon comparison of transcript-assembly and methylation-filtered databases from five plant species and physically anchored rice coding sequences. | 2007 | 17708759 |
| expression levels of barley cbf genes at the frost resistance-h2 locus are dependent upon alleles at fr-h1 and fr-h2. | genetic analyses have identified two loci in wheat and barley that mediate the capacity to overwinter in temperate climates. one locus co-segregates with vrn-1, which affects the vernalization requirement. this locus is known as frost resistance-1 (fr-1). the second locus, fr-2, is coincident with a cluster of more than 12 cbf genes. cbf homologs in arabidopsis thaliana play a key regulatory role in cold acclimatization and the acquisition of freezing tolerance. here we report that the hordeum v ... | 2007 | 17559507 |
| the della domain of ga insensitive mediates the interaction with the ga insensitive dwarf1a gibberellin receptor of arabidopsis. | gibberellic acid (ga) promotes seed germination, elongation growth, and flowering time in plants. ga responses are repressed by della proteins, which contain an n-terminal della domain essential for ga-dependent proteasomal degradation of della repressors. mutations of or within the della domain of della repressors have been described for species including arabidopsis thaliana, wheat (triticum aestivum), maize (zea mays), and barley (hordeum vulgare), and we show that these mutations confer ga i ... | 2007 | 17416730 |
| an unusual posttranscriptional processing in two betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase loci of cereal crops directed by short, direct repeats in response to stress conditions. | various abilities to synthesize and accumulate glycine betaine (gb) are crucial for angiosperms to develop salt and drought tolerances. in higher plants, gb is synthesized by a two-step oxidation of choline via an intermediate form of betaine aldehyde, and catalyzed by choline monooxygenase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh). in this study, numerous truncated and/or recombinant transcripts of two badh homologs resulting from an unusual posttranscriptional processing were detected in rice ... | 2007 | 17337526 |
| plant gene and alternatively spliced variant annotator. a plant genome annotation pipeline for rice gene and alternatively spliced variant identification with cross-species expressed sequence tag conservation from seven plant species. | the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) genome draft has brought unprecedented opportunities for genomic studies of the world's most important food crop. previous rice gene annotations have relied mainly on ab initio methods, which usually yield a high rate of false-positive predictions and give only limited information regarding alternative splicing in rice genes. comparative approaches based on expressed sequence tags (ests) can compensate for the drawbacks of ab initio methods because they ... | 2007 | 17220363 |
| short vegetative phase-like mads-box genes inhibit floral meristem identity in barley. | analysis of the functions of short vegetative phase (svp)-like mads-box genes in barley (hordeum vulgare) indicated a role in determining meristem identity. three svp-like genes are expressed in vegetative tissues of barley: barley mads1 (bm1), bm10, and vegetative to reproductive transition gene 2. these genes are induced by cold but are repressed during floral development. ectopic expression of bm1 inhibited spike development and caused floral reversion in barley, with florets at the base of t ... | 2007 | 17114273 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of beta-expansin gene related to root hair formation in barley. | root hairs are specialized epidermal cells that play a role in the uptake of water and nutrients from the rhizosphere and serve as a site of interaction with soil microorganisms. the process of root hair formation is well characterized in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana); however, there is a very little information about the genetic and molecular basis of root hair development in monocots. here, we report on isolation and cloning of the beta-expansin (expb) gene hvexpb1, tightly related to roo ... | 2006 | 16679418 |
| ramosa2 encodes a lateral organ boundary domain protein that determines the fate of stem cells in branch meristems of maize. | genetic control of grass inflorescence architecture is critical given that cereal seeds provide most of the world's food. seeds are borne on axillary branches, which arise from groups of stem cells in axils of leaves and whose branching patterns dictate most of the variation in plant form. normal maize (zea mays) ears are unbranched, and tassels have long branches only at their base. the ramosa2 (ra2) mutant of maize has increased branching with short branches replaced by long, indeterminate one ... | 2006 | 16399802 |
| evolutionary expansion, gene structure, and expression of the rice wall-associated kinase gene family. | the wall-associated kinase (wak) gene family, one of the receptor-like kinase (rlk) gene families in plants, plays important roles in cell expansion, pathogen resistance, and heavy-metal stress tolerance in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). through a reiterative database search and manual reannotation, we identified 125 oswak gene family members from rice (oryza sativa) japonica cv nipponbare; 37 (approximately 30%) oswaks were corrected/reannotated from earlier automated annotations. of the 1 ... | 2005 | 16286450 |
| cloning and expression analysis of a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter gene from alfalfa. | a full-length cdna, named msnhx1, encoding a vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter was cloned from alfalfa (medicago sativa), using degenerate primers, followed by 3' and 5' race. the cdna sequence was 2225 bp long and included an open reading frame encoding a deduced protein of 541-amino-acid polypeptide. the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity (more than 73%) to those of the previously cloned na+/h+ antiporters form arabidopsis thaliana, qryza sativa, atriplex gemlinin, beta vulgaris and h ... | 2005 | 16243725 |
| plant-based microarray data at the european bioinformatics institute. introducing atmiamexpress, a submission tool for arabidopsis gene expression data to arrayexpress. | arrayexpress is a public microarray repository founded on the minimum information about a microarray experiment (miame) principles that stores miame-compliant gene expression data. plant-based data sets represent approximately one-quarter of the experiments in arrayexpress. the majority are based on arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana); however, there are other data sets based on triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, and populus subsp. atmiamexpress is an open-source web-based software application f ... | 2005 | 16219923 |
| chromosomal distribution of telomeric and telomeric-associated sequences in hordeum chilense by in situ hybridization. | the chromosomal distribution of telomeric repeat patt4 from arabidopsis thaliana and telomeric associated repetitive sequence hvt01 from hordeum vulgare have been studied by fish (fluorescence in situ hybridization) in two accessions (h1 and h7) of hordeum chilense. the telomeric sequence patt4 is present at the end of all chromosome arms in h1 and h7 accessions. in contrast, the telomeric associated sequence homologous to hvt01 showed variability for size, intensity and position of the signals ... | 2004 | 15660972 |
| comparative proteomics of cannabis sativa plant tissues. | comparative proteomics of leaves, flowers, and glands of cannabis sativa have been used to identify specific tissue-expressed proteins. these tissues have significantly different levels of cannabinoids. cannabinoids accumulate primarily in the glands but can also be found in flowers and leaves. proteins extracted from glands, flowers, and leaves were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. over 800 protein spots were reproducibly resolved in the two-dimensional gels from leaves and ... | 2004 | 15190082 |
| dormancy of arabidopsis seeds and barley grains can be broken by nitric oxide. | seeds of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. and grains of barley ( hordeum vulgare l.) were used to characterize the affects of nitric oxide (no) on seed dormancy. seeds of the c24 and col-1 ecotypes of arabidopsis are almost completely dormant when freshly harvested, but dormancy was broken by stratification for 3 days at 4 degrees c or by imbibition of seeds with the no donor sodium nitroprusside (snp). this effect of snp on dormancy of arabidopsis seeds was concentration dependent. snp concentr ... | 2004 | 15133666 |
| new perspectives on proanthocyanidin biochemistry and molecular regulation. | our understanding of proanthocyanidin (syn. condensed tannin) synthesis has been recently extended by substantial developments concerning both structural and regulatory genes. a gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase has been obtained from the tropical forage, desmodium uncinatum, with the latter enzyme catalyzing formation of (+)-catechin. the banyuls gene in arabidopsis thaliana, previously proposed to encode leucoanthocyanidin reductase or to regulate proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, has be ... | 2003 | 12943753 |
| nanolitre-scale assays to determine the activities of enzymes in individual plant cells. | there are a variety of methods for characterising gene expression at the level of individual cells and for demonstrating that the cells also contain the encoded proteins. however, measuring the activity of enzymes at the resolution of single cells in complex tissues, such as leaves, is problematic. we have addressed this by using single-cell sampling to extract 10-100 pl droplets of sap from individual plant cells and then measuring enzyme activities in these droplets with nanolitre-scale fluore ... | 2003 | 12753593 |
| trends in comparative genetics and their potential impacts on wheat and barley research. | we review some general points about comparative mapping, the evolution of gene families and recent advances in the understanding of angiosperm phylogeny. these are considered in relation to studies of large-genome cereals, particularly barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum), with reference to methods of gene isolation. the relative merits of direct map-based cloning in barley and wheat, utilization of the smaller genome of rice (oryza sativa) and gene homology methods that utiliz ... | 2006 | 11999846 |
| constancy of nitrogen turnover kinetics in the plant cell: insights into the integration of subcellular n fluxes. | compartmental analysis with 13n was used to determine cytosolic nitrate (no3-) pools, and their turnover rates, in roots of intact barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv klondike) seedlings. influx, efflux, flux to the vacuole and assimilation, and flux to the xylem, varied as much as 300-fold over a wide range of external no3- conditions. by contrast, the kinetic constant kc describing cytosolic no3- turnover varied by less than 4% from a mean value of 0.0407 min(-1). accordingly, cytosolic no3- pools v ... | 2001 | 11469581 |
| the blast algorithms: practical application in molecular cloning, marker-assisted selection (mas) and introgression of wheat. | blast (basic local alignment search) analyses of hordeum chilense rapd markers have shown dna sequence similarities with several plant genes. biologically significant hits were scored for: plastocianin (hordeum vulgare), alpha-gliadin (triticum aestivum), grandel-6 retrotransposon (zea diploperennis), retrofit (gag/pol) copia-like, transposon-like element (oryza longistaminata), copia-like retrotransposon hopscotch polyprotein (gag/pol) (zea mays) and several retrotransposons/retroelements from ... | 2000 | 11092750 |
| the photosystem ii subunit cp29 can be phosphorylated in both c3 and c4 plants as suggested by sequence analysis. | the cp29 subunit of photosystem ii is reversibly phosphorylated in zea mays upon exposure to high light in the cold (bergantino et al., j biol chem 270 (1995) 8474-8481). this phenomenon was previously proposed to be restricted to c4 plants. we present the complete sequence of the cp29 protein, deduced from a maize lhcb4 cdna clone, and its comparison with the previously known lhcb4 sequences of two c3 plants: hordeum vulgare and arabidopsis thaliana. despite the relatively low degree of homolog ... | 1998 | 9484458 |
| structure and blue-light-responsive transcription of a chloroplast psbd promoter from arabidopsis thaliana. | we characterized the effects of light on psbd transcription and mrna levels during chloroplast development in arabidopsis thaliana. after 6 to 12 hours of illumination of dark-grown seedlings, two psbd mrnas were detected and their 5' ends were mapped to positions -550 and -190 bp upstream from the psbd translational start codon. their kinetics of accumulation resembled the accumulation of chloroplast psba and rbcl mrnas but differed from the accumulation of the nuclear-encoded lhcb and chs mrna ... | 1997 | 9306699 |
| two homologous low-temperature-inducible genes from arabidopsis encode highly hydrophobic proteins. | we have characterized two related cdnas (rci2a and rci2b) corresponding to genes from arabidopsis thaliana, the expression of which is transiently induced by low, nonfreezing temperatures. rci2a and rci2b encode small (54 amino acids), highly hydrophobic proteins that bear two potential transmembrane domains. they show similarity to proteins encoded by genes from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheatgrass (lophophyrum elongatum) that are regulated by different stress conditions. their high level ... | 1997 | 9342870 |
| the physiological relevance of na+-coupled k+-transport. | plant roots utilize at least two distinct pathways with high and low affinities to accumulate k+. the system for high-affinity k+ uptake, which takes place against the electrochemical k+ gradient, requires direct energization. energization of k+ uptake via na+ coupling has been observed in algae and was recently proposed as a mechanism for k+ uptake in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). to investigate whether na+ coupling has general physiological relevance in energizing k+ transport, we screened a n ... | 1996 | 12226467 |
| localization of cytosolically oriented maleimide-reactive domain of vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase. | the vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) of plant cells is subject to substrate (mg2ppi)-protectable, free ppi-potentiated irreversible inhibition by the sulfhydryl reagent n-ethylmaleimide (nem). inhibition by nem approximates pseudo-first order kinetics and double-log plots of the first order rate constant for inactivation versus nem concentration yield a straight line relationship with a slope of approximately unity. since nem and the membrane-impermeant cysteine reagent 3-(n-maleimidylpro ... | 1994 | 8083239 |
| identification, characterization, and analysis of cdna and genomic sequences encoding two different small heat shock proteins in hordeum vulgare. | in vitro translation of mrnas prepared from barley (hordeum vulgare) seedlings (cv. onice) exposed at 40 degrees c directed the synthesis of major heat shock proteins (hsps) with molecular masses of 80-90, 70, 42 and 16-22 kda. a cdna library prepared from the 40 degrees c mrnas and screened by differential hybridization led to the isolation of heat shock specific sequences. one of these (hv hsp18) was confirmed by hybrid-arrested and hybrid-released translation as encoding for an 18-kda hsp. th ... | 1993 | 8112573 |
| molecular cloning of cdna for vacuolar membrane proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase in hordeum vulgare. | we obtained a cdna clone(pp10) for the vacuolar membrane proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase from barley roots by immunoscreening. the nucleotide sequence contained a 2308 bp open reading frame capable of coding for a polypeptide with 761 amino acids (m(r) 79,841). the polypeptide is highly hydrophobic and 12 membrane-spanning regions are deduced from the hydropathic evaluation. the characteristic cluster of the basic and acidic residues is observed in the hydrophilic segment. a conse ... | 1993 | 8382487 |
| blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants. | blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ... | 1992 | 16653043 |
| evolutionary and tissue-specific control of expression of multiple acyl-carrier protein isoforms in plants and bacteria. | we have examined the occurrence of multiple acyl-carrier protein (acp), isoforms in evolutionarily diverse species of higher and lower plants. isoforms were resolved by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page), and were detected by western blotting or fluorography of [(3)h]-palmitate-labelled acps. multiple isoforms of acp were found in leaf tissue of the monocotyledons avena sativa and hordeum vulgare and dicotyledons arabidopsis thaliana, cuphea wrightii, and brassica napus. lower vasc ... | 1990 | 24202013 |
| carbon and nitrogen metabolism in a barley (hordeum vulgare l.) mutant with impaired chloroplast dicarboxylate transport. | a mutant line, rpr79/2, of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. maris mink) has been isolated that has an apparent defect in photorespiratory nitrogen metabolism. the metabolism of (14)c-labelled glutamine, glutamate and 2-oxoglutarate indicates that the mutant has a greatly reduced ability to synthesise glutamate, especially in air, although in-vitro enzyme analysis indicates the presence of wild-type activities of glutamine synthetase (ec 6.3.1.2) glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1 and ec 1.4.1.14) and ... | 1986 | 24232140 |
| exogenous auxin affects the oxidative burst in barley roots colonized by piriformospora indica. | beside a cardinal role in coordination of many developmental processes in the plant, the phytohormone auxin has been recognized as a regulator of plant defense. the molecular mechanisms involved are still largely unknown. using a sensitive chemiluminescence assay, which measures the oxidation of luminol in the presence of h₂o₂ by horseradish peroxidase (hrp), we report here on the ability of exogenously added indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) to enhance the suppressive effect of the root endophyte piri ... | 2013 | 23333979 |
| metabolism of diclofenac in plants--hydroxylation is followed by glucose conjugation. | pharmaceuticals from human or veterinary medication form a new class of micropollutants that poses a serious threat to our aquatic environment and its organisms. the intensively used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is found in the environment worldwide due to its poor elimination during waste water treatment processes. in order to test phytoremediation as a tool for the removal of this drug from waste water, the uptake of the compound into plant tissues and its metabolic pathway w ... | 2012 | 23137548 |
| antioxidant activity of various teas against free radicals and ldl oxidation. | tea is a widely consumed beverage throughout the world. we assessed the antioxidant activity of six teas, including the aqueous extracts of green tea and oolong tea (camellia sinensis), tochu (eucommia ulmoides), gymnema sylvestre, japanese mugwort (artemisia princeps), and barley (hordeum vulgare), against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radicals and ldl oxidation, and examined the association of ldl oxidizability with the plasma catechin levels in 10 healthy volunteers with a single dose ... | 2005 | 16296404 |
| rflp mapping of a hordeum bulbosum gene highly expressed in pistils and its relationship to homoeologous loci in other gramineae species. | a cdna sequence (hbc8-2) isolated from pistils of the self-incompatible species hordeum bulbosum was analysed for expression pattern and genetic map location. hbc8-2 was expressed just prior to anthesis in mature pistils, and expression was maintained at a high level throughout anthesis. the same expression pattern was found in self-incompatible rye ( secale cereale), but no expression was detected in the self-compatible cereals wheat ( triticum aestivum) or barley ( hordeum vulgare) at comparab ... | 2002 | 12582529 |
| variation within flax (linum usitatissimum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) in response to allelopathic chemicals. | a possible method of manipulating allelopathy would be to develop crop varieties showing an increased tolerance to allelopathic chemicals. we therefore examined four flax (linum usitatissimum) varieties and two wild linum species in the presence of p-coumaric acid and four barley (hordeum vulgare) varieties in the presence of p-coumaric acid, scopoletin and wild oat (avena fatua) extract. analysis of variance indicates significant interaction between variety and treatment for shoot and root grow ... | 1992 | 24203208 |
| pyricularia graminis-tritici, a new pyricularia species causing wheat blast. | pyricularia oryzae is a species complex that causes blast disease on more than 50 species of poaceous plants. pyricularia oryzae has a worldwide distribution as a rice pathogen and in the last 30 years emerged as an important wheat pathogen in southern brazil. we conducted phylogenetic analyses using 10 housekeeping loci for 128 isolates of p. oryzae sampled from sympatric populations of wheat, rice, and grasses growing in or near wheat fields. phylogenetic analyses grouped the isolates into thr ... | 2016 | 28232765 |
| free asparagine and sugars profile of cereal species: the potential of cereals for acrylamide formation in foods. | cereals-based food is one of the major source of maillard reaction products in the diet. free amino acids and reducing sugars are considered to be the main precursors in the formation of these heat-induced compounds. in order to determine genetic resources with reduced potential for acrylamide formation, the content of sugars as well as free asparagine were analysed in a total of 30 cultivars of 10 varieties belonging to eight species (triticum aestivum var. lutescens, t. aestivum var. alba, t. ... | 2017 | 28150529 |
| evidence for an early origin of vernalization responsiveness in temperate pooideae grasses. | the ability of plants to match their reproductive output with favorable environmental conditions has major consequences both for lifetime fitness and geographic patterns of diversity. in temperate ecosystems, some plant species have evolved the ability to use winter nonfreezing cold (vernalization) as a cue to ready them for spring flowering. however, it is unknown how important the evolution of vernalization responsiveness has been for the colonization and subsequent diversification of taxa wit ... | 2016 | 27474116 |
| quantitative profiling of feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains from graminaceous cell walls. | graminaceous arabinoxylans are distinguished by decoration with feruloylated monosaccharidic and oligosaccharidic side-chains. although it is hypothesized that structural complexity and abundance of these feruloylated arabinoxylan side-chains may contribute, among other factors, to resistance of plant cell walls to enzymatic degradation, quantitative profiling approaches for these structural units in plant cell wall materials have not been described yet. here we report the development and applic ... | 2015 | 26834763 |
| in vitro inhibition of platelet aggregation by peptides derived from oat (avena sativa l.), highland barley (hordeum vulgare linn. var. nudum hook. f.), and buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) proteins. | bioactive compounds present in foods could have beneficial effects on human health. in this study, we report the capacity of peptides released from oat, highland barley, and buckwheat proteins after enzymatic digestion to inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro. all hydrolysates showed high antiplatelet activity, with ic50 values of 0.282mg/ml (oat flour gastrointestinal hydrolysate, 6h) to 2.496mg/ml (highland barley glutelin tryptic hydrolysate, 14h) in a dose-dependent manner. thirty-eight pept ... | 2016 | 26471595 |
| dipeptidyl peptidase iv inhibitory peptides derived from oat (avena sativa l.), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), and highland barley (hordeum vulgare trifurcatum (l.) trofim) proteins. | peptides released from oat, buckwheat, and highland barley proteins were examined for their in vitro inhibitory effects on dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dpp4), an enzyme that deactivates incretin hormones involved in insulin secretion. all of the hydrolysates exhibited dpp4 inhibitory activities, with ic50 values ranging from 0.13 mg/ml (oat glutelin alcalase digestion) to 8.15 mg/ml (highland barley albumin tryptic digestion). the lowest ic50 values in gastrointestinal, alcalase, and tryptic digesti ... | 2015 | 26468909 |
| identification of a new oat β-amylase by functional proteomics. | oat (avena sativa l.) seed extracts exhibited a high degree of catalytic activity including amylase activities. proteins in the oat seed extracts were optimized for their amylolytic activities. oat extract with amylolytic activity was separated by sds-page and a major protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 53 kda was subjected to tryptic digestion. the generated amino acid sequences were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (lc/esi/ms/ms) and database searches. the ... | 2016 | 26455400 |
| uptake and distribution of stable strontium in 26 cultivars of three crop species: oats, wheat, and barley for their potential use in phytoremediation. | the main objective of this study was to investigate the accumulation and distribution of strontium (sr) in 26 cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), husk oat (avena sativa l) and naked oat (avena nuda), and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) for their potential use in phytoremediation.sr levels had no effect on the accumulation of shoot biomass at tillering or at maturity. mean shoot sr concentration of naked oat and barley at tillering was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of wheat; neimengk ... | 2015 | 25397985 |
| the role of climatic variables in winter cereal yields: a retrospective analysis. | this study examined the effects of observed climate including [co2] on winter cereal [winter wheat (triticum aestivum), barley (hordeum vulgare) and oat (avena sativa)] yields by adopting robust statistical analysis/modelling approaches (i.e. autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average, generalised addition model) based on long time series of historical climate data and cereal yield data at three locations (moree, dubbo and wagga wagga) in new south wales, australia. research results s ... | 2015 | 24763659 |
| effect of maturity at harvest on yield, chemical composition, and in situ degradability for annual cereals used for swath grazing. | the objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swath grazing systems in western canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. we hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decline in digestibility and, thus, the yield of effectively degradable dm (eddm) would decline with advanced stages of maturity. four replicate plots of barley (hordeum vulgare l.; cv. cdc cowboy), mill ... | 2013 | 23658356 |
| lactose in diet influences the degradation of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan in the small intestine of pigs. | the objective was to study the cause of variation in digestibility of mixed linked β(1-3;1-4)-d-glucan (β-glucan) in the small intestine of growing pigs. the β-glucan is an important cell wall [dietary fiber (df)] component of the endosperm of barley (hordeum vulgare) and oats (avena sativa). the digestibility of β-glucan in the small intestine from both cereals is among the highest of all df components, but in 1 study with oat-based diets it was lower (p < 0.001) than in other studies. in this ... | 2012 | 23365304 |
| effect of feeding different cereal-based diets on the performance and gut health of weaned piglets with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation. | a trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of different cereals on the performance, gut mucosa, and microbiota of weanling pigs with or without previous access to creep feed during lactation. a total of 108 newly weaned pigs (7.4 kg bw; 26 d of age; half with and half without creep feed) were used. piglets were distributed by bw into 36 pens according to a 2 × 6 factorial arrangement of treatments with previous access to creep feed (with or without) and cereal source in the experimental diet [ ... | 2012 | 23365275 |
| effect of feeding piglets with different extruded and nonextruded cereals on the gut mucosa and microbiota during the first postweaning week. | two trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of different cereals in piglet diets on the jejunal mucosa and the ileal and cecal microbiota during the first postweaning days. in trial 1, 48 newly weaned pigs (7.95 kg bw; 26 d of age) were individually housed and distributed among 3 experimental diets containing white rice (oryza sativa), naked oats (avena sativa), or barley (hordeum vulgare) as the cereal source. at the start of the trial (weaning; day 0), 12 piglets were slaughtered and samp ... | 2012 | 23365267 |
| duplication and diversification of the leafy hull sterile1 and oryza sativa mads5 sepallata lineages in graminoid poales. | gene duplication and the subsequent divergence in function of the resulting paralogs via subfunctionalization and/or neofunctionalization is hypothesized to have played a major role in the evolution of plant form. the leafy hull sterile1 (lhs1) sepallata (sep) genes have been linked with the origin and diversification of the grass spikelet, but it is uncertain 1) when the duplication event that produced the lhs1 clade and its paralogous lineage oryza sativa mads5 (osm5) occurred, and 2) how chan ... | 2012 | 22340849 |
| antioxidant and anticholinesterase effects of frequently consumed cereal grains using in vitro test models. | the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts obtained from eight varieties (faikbey, y-1779, ci-8357, cheokota, seydişehir, y-330, sivas and yvd-18) of oat (avena sativa l.), one variety (larende) of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), one variety (tatlicak 97) of triticale (triticale sp.) and one rye variety (aslim 95) (secale cereale l.) were investigated for their antioxidant effects in seven test systems. anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa ... | 2012 | 22149516 |
| 210pb and 210po in finnish cereals. | a survey was carried out on the activity concentrations of (210)pb and (210)po in cereal grains produced in finland. the cereal species were wheat (triticum aestivum), rye (secale cereale), oats (avena sativa) and barley (hordeum vulgare), which account for 90% of the finnish consumption of cereal products. the survey consisted of 18 flour and 13 unprocessed cereal samples and one hulled grain sample from 22 flour mills. according to the results, the mean (210)pb/(210)po concentrations in wheat ... | 2011 | 21035236 |
| soluble sugar availability of aerobically germinated barley, oat and rice coleoptiles in anoxia. | physiological and metabolic responses to anoxia were compared for aerobically germinated seedlings of barley (hordeum vulgare), oat (avena sativa) and rice (oryza sativa). coleoptile growth of barley, oat and rice seedlings was suppressed by a 24 h-anoxic stress, but the growth of the rice coleoptiles was much greater than that of the barley and oat coleoptiles. atp concentration in the anoxic rice coleoptiles was greater than that in the anoxic barley and oat coleoptiles. concentrations of etha ... | 2010 | 20727618 |
| development of oat-based markers from barley and wheat microsatellites. | although microsatellites are an efficient and reliable genetic marker system, availability is limited in cultivated oat (avena sativa l.). previous research has suggested that microsatellites from related species may be adapted to oat. this study investigated the stability of existing oat microsatellites, sequenced polymorphic oat amplicons derived from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) primers, and redesigned primers to develop oat-based markers. we evaluated 161 publ ... | 2010 | 20555435 |
| variability in xylanase and xylanase inhibition activities in different cereals in the healthgrain diversity screen and contribution of environment and genotype to this variability in common wheat. | endo-1,4-beta-d-xylanases (ec 3.2.1.8, xylanases) and xylanase inhibitors, that is, taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein), and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor) type xylanase inhibitors, which naturally occur in cereals, are believed to be at the basis of a significant part of the variability in biotechnological functional properties of cereals. xylanase inhibitors in particular affect grain functionality during processing and in animal feeds when ... | 2010 | 20462210 |
| reproduction and feeding behavior of myzus persicae on four cereals. | green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), does not overwinter outdoors in minnesota; it arrives each spring on low-level jet streams from the south. after arrival, anholocylic reproduction occurs on numerous herbaceous species, including many common weeds, before movement to potato, solanum tuberosum l. in investigating aphid feeding behavior on barrier crops, we observed winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., colonized by green peach aphid. the northern great plains grows 94,000 ha of potatoes a ... | 2008 | 18330110 |
| discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering. | members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ... | 2008 | 18024551 |
| graingenes 2.0. an improved resource for the small-grains community. | graingenes (http://wheat.pw.usda.gov) is an international database for genetic and genomic information about triticeae species (wheat [triticum aestivum], barley [hordeum vulgare], rye [secale cereale], and their wild relatives) and oat (avena sativa) and its wild relatives. a major strength of the graingenes project is the interaction of the curators with database users in the research community, placing graingenes as both a data repository and information hub. the primary intensively curated d ... | 2005 | 16219925 |
| contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products. | the contents of free and total phenolic acids and alk(en)ylresorcinols were analyzed in commercial products of eight grains: oat (avena sativa), wheat (triticum spp.), rye (secale cerale), barley (hordeum vulgare), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), millet (panicum miliaceum), rice (oryza sativa), and corn (zea mays). avenanthramides were determined in three oat products. free phenolic acids, alk(en)ylresorcinols, and avenanthramides were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, 100% methanol, and ... | 2005 | 16218677 |