| [esophageal cancer in ille-et-vilaine in relation to levels of alcohol and tobacco consumption. risks are multiplying]. | a retrospective case-control study of 200 male cases of oesophageal cancer and 778 population controls has been carried out in ille-et-vilanine (france). the logarithms of the relative risks of developing the disease increase linearly with daily consumption of alcohol and tobacco independently. the combined effect of both fit with a multiplicative model which is proposed. this model could be applicable to other situations. it explains the sex ratio and the urban/rural differences observed in ill ... | 1977 | 861389 |
| an unusual case of nicotine poisoning. | acute nicotine poisoning by enema is an uncommon event. a review of the last 70 years of the english and spanish medical literature has failed to reveal a case of nicotine poisoning by enema in an adult. the use of tobacco enemas in children to treat intestinal parasites has been reported as a cause of poisoning and death. we have recently treated an adult for acute nicotine poisoning from a tobacco enema. this unusual case allowed us to observe some of the complex pharmacologic responses of the ... | 1977 | 862371 |
| changing patterns of substance use on campus: a four-year follow-up study. | in 1969 and 1973, 598 and 474 randomly selected students at a large midwestern university reported their present and past use, and extent of use of substances taken without medical prescription. ten of the 18 substances showed a significant increase in percentage of users over time with greatest increases for marijuana, hashish, and alcohol. these three plus tobacco are those substances most used by students and used most frequently. other substances are used by less than 7 per cent presently an ... | 1977 | 863566 |
| isolation of cytokinin binding protein from tobacco leaves by bioaffinity chromatography and its partial characterization. | cytokinin binding protein was isolated and purified from tobacco leaves by bioaffinity chromatography on a sepharose column on which benzyladenine (ba), synthetic cytokinin, had been introduced as an affinity ligand by the cyanogen bromide method. the purified protein bound specifically to cytokinins; its binding was inhibited remarkably by the addition of ba and kinetin and slightly by adenine, but not by adenosine in vitro. the dissociation constant, kd, of the protein-ba complex was about 4 ... | 1977 | 863870 |
| origin in tobacco smoke of n'-nitrosonornicotine, a tobacco-specific carcinogen. | to evaluate risk factors and to approach methods of reduction of the carcinogenic potential of cigarette smoke, the transfer rate of n-nitrosonornicotine in a popular u.s. blended cigarette into mainstream smoke was quantitatively determined. the mean transfer rate was 11.3%; thus approximately 46% of the tobacco-specific carcinogen in the smoke came from the tobacco, and the remainder was synthesized during smoking. | 1977 | 864762 |
| structure of rna and rna binding site in tobacco mosaic virus from 4-a map calculated from x-ray fibre diagrams. | the structure of tobacco mosaic virus has been solved to a resolution of 4 a using fibre diffraction methods. the general fold of the protein is clear, the conformation may be deduced in many places, and the conformation of the rna and its interaction with the protein can be seen. | 1977 | 865612 |
| [76 cases of thromboangitis obliterans]. | in a group of 156 patients with arteriopathy, 87 (aged between 10 and 40 years) exhibited thromboangiitis obliterans and 9 (aged 40 to 50 years) arteritis of middle age, according to van der stricht's classification. the lesions of thromboangiitis obliterans have their onset in the distal arteries of the extremities and are frequently associated with hyperhidrosis and hypersympathicotonia. marked clinical improvement may be obtained after treatment by lumbar sympathectomy combined with adrenalec ... | 1977 | 866431 |
| increasing photosynthesis by inhibiting photorespiration with glyoxylate. | glyoxylate treatment doubles net photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation by tobacco leaf disks because inhibition of glycolate synthesis by glyoxylate results in decreased photorespiration. these observations show that photorespiration can be metabolically regulated and suggest that genetic or chemical alteration of pool sizes of certain metabolites can produce plants with increased photosynthesis. | 1977 | 867040 |
| location of the initiation site on tobacco mosaic virus rna involved in assembly of the virus in vitro. | | 1977 | 867810 |
| double-stranded nucleic acids found in tissue infected with the satellite of tobacco ringspot virus. | | 1977 | 867813 |
| expired air carbon monoxide and serum thiocyanate as objective measures of cigarette exposure. | expired air carbon monoxide (co) and serum thiocyanate (scn) were used to asses exposure to cigarettes in 139 middle-aged men. subjects who reported smoking cigarettes generally had co levels exceeding 8ppm and scn levels exceeding 100umol/l; non-smokers had lower levels. for both tests the mean concentration among men smoking more than one pack daily was three times that of non-smokers. the is a high correlation between the two tests (r=.571 for smokers), an association that was largely indepen ... | 1977 | 869087 |
| the identification of mild and severe strains of tobacco mosaic virus in doubly inoculated tomato plants. | using specific antisera, it was possible to identify mild (mii-i6) and the o and i strains of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in tomato plants infected with the mild strain following challenge inoculation with the wild strains. in addition, with single lesion isolates of the mii-i6 and o strains it has been shown that both strains can be assayed simultaneously in mixed isolates on nicotiana glutinisa based on differences in local lesion size. the accuracy of this differential local lesion assay was c ... | 1977 | 869306 |
| [evaluation of the risk of ischemic heart disease in the smoker. relation to the percentage of carboxyhemoglobin as a function of tobacco habits]. | | 1977 | 869477 |
| bioassay for homogeneous parasporal crystal of bacillus thuringiensis using the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. | a method for determining the toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki parasporal crystal to the tabocco hornworm, manduca sexta, is described. the use of both mortality and weight loss data have provided a highly sensitive and reproducible bioassay that can be used to compare relative toxicities of crystals from other subspecies as well as toxic components contained therein. | 1977 | 869534 |
| blood pressure in seventh-day adventist vegetarians. | the blood pressures (bp) in 418 vegetarian seventh-day adventist (sda) volunteers in western australia were compared with those in 290 non-vegetarian volunteers in narrogin, a western australian country town. the mean systolic and diastolic bps in the sdas, adjusted for age, sex, height and weight (128.7/76.2 mm of mercury) were significantly less than those in the narrogin residents (139.3/84.5). it appeared unlikely that these differences could be explained by differences in alcohol, tobacco, ... | 1977 | 871119 |
| is nicotine important to tobacco smoking? | tobacco smoking is generally regarded as a form of nicotine dependence, but the evidence for this is slender. two experiments are described here which examine the hypothesis that habitual smokers need nicotine and that they regulate their intakes of this drug. a laboratory test for smoking was devised which permitted the continuous monitoring of puffing as well as of selected physiologic variables; the procedure was also designed to reduce the influence of smoking habits and rituals. in the firs ... | 1977 | 871325 |
| effects of chronic nicotine administration on rbc velocity in mesenteric capillaries of the rat. | the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of chronic administration of nicotine on red blood cell (rbc) velocity in single capillaries of the mesentery. ten male rats consumed an average of 2.38 mg nicotine/kg/day, an approximate '2 pack' equivalent, in their drinking water for a period of 15-20 weeks. at the end of this time rbc velocity was measured in single capillaries of the mesentery. the data were compared to rbc velocities measured in a group of matched control rats. red cel ... | 1977 | 871534 |
| [studies on the physiological and pathological effects of some components of tobacco smoke on the cardiovascular system]. | | 1977 | 872794 |
| [entrapment of the nicotine in tobacco smoke by metallic filters]. | | 1977 | 873185 |
| effect of activated charcoal on callus growth and shoot organogenesis in tobacco. | incorporating activated charcoal (ac) in culture media has been shown to affect growth and development of various organisms. since ac stimulates the development of tobacco haploid plantlets from cultured anthers, research was conducted to determine the effect of activated charcoal on pith-derived callus growth and shoot development in nicotiana tabacum cv. wisconsin 38. our results indicate that the hormones required for callues growth and shoot development in wisconsin-38 tobacco are adsorbed b ... | 1977 | 873563 |
| high-pressure chromatography of tobacco mosaic virus on spheron gels. | high-pressure chromatography on spheron 300 btd and spheron 1000 was used to separate tobacco mosaic virus from other components of an extract from infected tobacco leaves, including f1, a protein having a molecular weight of 0.58 x 10(6). comparative experiments have shown that the virus is not adsorbed by the carrier and is eluted in the free volume of the column; the virus is free from contamination by vegetable-juice components and is regained quantitatively. the virus can be separated parti ... | 1977 | 874027 |
| activation of factor xii by tobacco glycoprotein. | a glycoprotein of mol wt ca. 18,000 daltons isolated from cured tobacco leaves (tgp-l) and from cigarette smoke condensate (tgp-csc) activated factor xii in normal human plasma in vitro as measured by (a) shortening of the partial thromboplastin time, (b) shortening of the lysis time of euglobulin clots, and (c) generation of kinin activity. these effects were not demonstrable in plasma deficient in factor xii. the capacity of tgp-l and tgp-csc to activate factor xii was shown to depend on the p ... | 1977 | 874423 |
| [testing of the olfactory and gustatory function in workers of the tobacco industry]. | | 1977 | 875917 |
| [studies on pesticide residues in tobacco products. 3. passage of ddt and dieldrin from tobacco products into the smoke]. | | 1977 | 876347 |
| leader sequence of 71 nucleotides devoid of g in tobacco mosaic virus rna. | | 1977 | 876375 |
| [effect of tobacco smoking on the activity of various serum enzymes in healthy subjects during exercise and restitution]. | | 1977 | 876878 |
| [unusual ocular manifestations in diabetes (associated with chronic occupational alcohol and tobacco intoxication)]. | | 1977 | 877334 |
| satellite of tobacco ringspot virus rna lacks detectable mrna activity. | | 1977 | 878315 |
| fate of diamidafos (phenyl, n,n'-dimethylphosphordiamidate) in tobacco, cured tobacco, and in smoke. | | 1977 | 881494 |
| transfer of exogenously applied and endogenous alkaloids and sterols from tobacco to its smoke condensate. | | 1977 | 881495 |
| solubility properties of fraction i proteins of maize, cotton, spinach, and tobacco. | | 1977 | 881498 |
| chronic respiratory disease, smoking and prognosis for life. an epidemiological study. | a population group, comprising 653 men and 823 women aged 40-64 years, was surveyed in 1961 to determine the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease. questionnaire, simple spirometry and thoracic radiography were used. the 10-year mortality of the population has been related to the initial findings. after standardization for age and smoking, men in each of the disease or symptom groups had a higher risk of dying during the 10-year period than men without lung disease; for the total group of me ... | 1977 | 882855 |
| secondary polycythaemia in chronic respiratory insufficiency. | the relationship between polycythaemia, p50 and saco (saturation in carboxyhaemoglobin) has been studied in 50 patients who were hypoxaemic due to chronic respiratory insufficiency. these patients were divided into two groups according to their haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit: 21 polycythaemic patients with haemoglobin greater than or equal to 16 g/dl and haematocrit greater than or equal to 50% and 29 patients without polycythaemia. pao2, paco2, plasma and erythrocyte ph, haemoglobin, ... | 1977 | 882946 |
| [tobacco withdrawal. efficacy of acupuncture in a comparative trial]. | | 1977 | 883740 |
| assessment of carcinogenic volatile n-nitrosamines in tobacco and in mainstream and sidestream smoke from cigarettes. | | 1977 | 884671 |
| the isolation of tobacco mosaic virus rna fragments containing the origin for viral assembly. | | 1977 | 884731 |
| the nucleotide sequence at the origin for assembly on tobacco mosaic virus rna. | | 1977 | 884732 |
| sequence from the assembly nucleation region of tmv rna. | in an effort to isolate rna sequences containing the assembly nucleation region, uniformly 32p-labeled tobacco mosaic virus rna was partially digested with pancreatic ribonuclease, and the mixture of fragments was incubated with limited amounts of tobacco mosaic virus protein disks in conditions favorable for reconstitution. the rna fragments which became encapsidated were purified and sequenced by conventional techniques. the sequence of the first 139 nucleotides of p1, the principal encapsidat ... | 1977 | 884733 |
| an unusual effect of n-octylamine on the cytochrome b5 spectrum of insect and mammalian microsomes. | the addition of n-octylamine to microsomes prepared from the midgut of tobacco hornworn (manduca sexta) larvae causes an unusual spectral interaction. the initial optical difference spectrum appears to be the sum of reduced cytochrome b5 and a type ii difference spectrum of cytochrome p-450. this initial spectrum is unstable and diminishes in size, with a concurrent shift in peak (424 to 428 nm) and trough (409 and 392 to approx. 400 nm) positions, to yield a stable spectrum identical to the typ ... | 1977 | 884775 |
| [atrophic gastritis (author's transl)]. | gastroscopy was performed in 543 patients with an average of 52.8 years. of these patients 248 had atrophic gastritis. in over one third of the 248 patients the gastritis inclosed the entire mucosa. in the remaining patients the antrum was most frequently inclosed. in a higher age group more extensive involvement was found. males had a significantly higher association with alcohol and tobacco abuse (73.0 and 73.7%) as compared to females (20.8 and 13.5%). out of 21 patients in the group under 30 ... | 1977 | 887051 |
| synthesis of single- and double-stranded cucumber mosaic virus rnas in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. | | 1977 | 888352 |
| induction by 2-chloroethylophosphonic acid of viral-like lesions, associated proteins, and systemic resistance in tobacco. | | 1977 | 888353 |
| distribution of cucumber mosaic virus in systemically infected tobacco leaves. | | 1977 | 888355 |
| characterization and in vitro translation of the rnas from less-than-full-length, virus-related, nucleoprotein rods present in tobacco mosaic virus preparations. | | 1977 | 888358 |
| pro bono publico--a century later. | from the introduction of pro bono publico smoking tobacco in durham, nc a century ago, the production of tobacco products has become a vital part of the state's economy. how this may relate to the smoking behavior, and consequently to the health of its residents is assessed from smoking patterns of adult residents of a rural area of durham county. male smoking rates are considerably higher than u.s. estimates whereas female rates are lower. the national trend of increasing incidence of lung canc ... | 1977 | 888989 |
| tobacco smoking, personality and sex factors in auditory vigilance performance. | a total of 120 university students comprising equal groups of male and female non-smokers, smokers not smoking and smokers smoking; were compared for performance on a 60 min auditory vigilance task. non-smokers consistently detected more signals throughout the test. a significant interaction showed that while non-smokers detected fewer signals as the test progressed, smokers increased their number of detections. there were no sex differences and no overall epi differences in scores, although ext ... | 1977 | 890223 |
| aspects of chronic airflow obstruction. | this report questions several commonly used definitions and commonly accepted concepts. it suggest that the term, "chronic airflow obstructions," should replace the terms, "chronic obstructive pulmonary disease," "chronic obstructive lung disease," or "chronic airway obstruction," because it is flow that is obstructed. it is suggested the term, "chronic mucous hypersecretion," be used, rather than "chronic bronchitis," and that the latter be avoided. chronic bronchitis should not be equated with ... | 1977 | 891287 |
| caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption among medical students in barcelona. | a survey of medical students was conducted at the universitat autònoma de barcelona in 1974. out of 1029 students, 808 present at lectures (78.5%) returned properly completed questionnaires. these showed that mean caffeine consumption was 8.3 g per month and increased with the length of stay at the university. tobacco consumption (general mean, 190 cigarettes per month, 216 for males and 150 for females) and alcohol consumption (8.8 litres/year for males and 4.1 litres/year for females) also inc ... | 1977 | 891589 |
| gas chromatographic method for the determination of free and total solanesol in tabacco. | solanesol, a trisesquiterpenoid alcohol in tobacco leaf, has been shown to be an important precursor of the tumorigenic polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons of smoke. thus, a rapid, reproducible method for the determination of leaf solanesol levels is desirable. we developed procedures based on high-temperature gas chromatography for the analyses of free and total solanesol. the alcohol, as its trimethylsilyl derivative, was separated and quantified on a short dexsil 300 gc column, with 1,3-dimyris ... | 1977 | 893618 |
| quantitation of tobacco lipids. | | 1977 | 893647 |
| effects of ethanol and tobacco on divided attention. | | 1977 | 895142 |
| [heavy metal content of tobacco products and tobacco smoke]. | the authors determined by means of square-wave polarography the copper, lead, cadmium and zinc contents in the tobacco and smoke of cigarettes (16 brands), cigars (5 brands) and pipe tobacco (3 brands) and discuss their possible actions on the human organism. a comparison of the amount of heavy metals taken up by an average smoker (at most 20 cigarettes per day) with the mac values adopted in the gdr conveys the impression that the loading with copper, lead and zinc is unimportant, whereas, acco ... | 1977 | 895836 |
| [study of the taste sensitivity of dairy product tasters]. | the study in terms of age, sex, and tobacco smoking has shown that 45% of the experts engaged in the organoleptic evaluation of dairy products more or less manifest so-called gustatory daltonism with regard to the four basic tastes. non-smokers are shown to percept lower concentrations of the tested solutions, while in older persons and smokers there is certain deadening of the taste sensitivity. taste organs manifest strongest sensitivity to bitter substances and a weakest one to saulty product ... | 1977 | 898649 |
| rna polymerase from tobacco necrosis virus-infected and uninfected tobacco. ii. properties of the bound and soluble polymerases and the nature of their products. | | 1977 | 898658 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerases in uninfected and in alfalfa mosaic virus-infected tobacco plants. | | 1977 | 898679 |
| psychotic pica, nicotinism, and complicated myocardial infarction. | the authors report a case of a schizophrenic patient who repeatedly consumed a wide variety of inedible materials, including significant quantities of tobacco. the phenomenology of this behavior, as well as its psychiatric and medical complications are discussed. it is probable that chronic nicotinism contributed to this patient's refractoriness to psychiatric treatment and to his eventual cardiovascular crisis. the occurrence of pica as a manifestation of severe psychopathology was vividly desc ... | 1977 | 902560 |
| photoreactivation of dna-containing cauliflower mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus rna on datura. | | 1977 | 905348 |
| electrophoretic and spectrophotometric studies of chlorophyll-protein complexes from tobacco chloroplasts. isolation of a light harvesting pigment protein complex with a molecular weight of 70,000. | | 1977 | 905362 |
| [mass-hysteria with koro-symptoms in thailand]. | koro, a psychogenic anxiety syndrome interfering with genital body image and sexual functioning, has hitherto been described as occurring mainly in isolated cases of south chinese males. the present communication reports an epidemic outbreak in november 1976 in northeastern thailand where within a few days at least 200 patients, most of them thai and two-thirds males, were treated at local hospitals. main presenting symptoms were acute anxiety, in some cases leading to fainting, (subjective) shr ... | 1977 | 905791 |
| metabolism of acyclic and cyclic n-nitrosamines in cultured human bronchi. | the metabolism of carcinogenic n-nitrosamines was studied in normal-appearing bronchial specimens obtained from 4 patients. explants of bronchi were cultured in a chemically defined medium for 7 days. n-nitrosamines [n-nitrosodimethylamine (dmn), n-nitrosodiethylamine (den), n,n'-dinitrosopiperazine (dnp), n-nitrosopyrrolidine (npy), and n-nitrosopiperidine (npd)] labeled with 14c were each then added at 100 mumoles for 24 hours. measurable co2 was formed by bronchial explants from: 1) dmn, den, ... | 1977 | 909099 |
| fate of tobacco mosaic virus after entering the host cell. iii. partial uncoating. | diminutive viral rnas recovered from tobacco leaves inoculated with 32p-tmv were investigated. at 3.5 hr after inoculation, most of the viral rna without coat protein revealed two peaks after sucrose density gradient analysis of sds-extract from 12,000 x g leaf pellet. the first peak appeared between bacterial ribosomal rna of 16 s and 5 s and the second peak was around 5 s. these two peaks were digestible with rnase and they appeared as early as 5 min after inoculation. these diminutive rnas se ... | 1977 | 909456 |
| isolation of viruses by electro-extraction of infected plants. | the isolation of viruses from infected plant material by a process termed electro-extraction appeared to be a convenient and simple method of obtaining viruses in a fair state of purity. the method has the advantage over the conventional methods of virus purification that the infected plant tissue is not disintegrated and that organic solvents such as chloroform and butanol are avoided. the procedure used was demonstrated on the extraction of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) from infected tobacco and ... | 1977 | 909872 |
| [electron microscopic study of protoplasts of mesophyll tobacco. i. ultrastructural and cytochemical study of tobacco protoplasts at early stages of cultivation]. | ultrastructural changes in tobacco mesophyll protoplasts during the first three days of cultvation were studied. localization of catalase and peroxidase activities in the freshly isolated protoplasts and 2 days after their cultivation was detected by the cytochemical 3,3'-diaminobenzidine method. a conclusion is drawn that the observed changes in the fine structure and localization of the enzymic activity are due to the following processes: reparation of disturbances caused by the isolation proc ... | 1977 | 910296 |
| prognostic effect of tobacco and alcohol use in patients with oral tongue cancer. | a retrospective case analysis shows that patients with oral tongue cancer who have chronically used tobacco and alcohol have an increased incidence of death due to tumor, due to a second primary cancer, and due to intercurrent disease when compared with patients with oral tongue cancer who have never used tobacco or alcohol. this difference is not explained by a difference in tumor staging, patients' ages, or type of treatment received. | 1977 | 911026 |
| relation between smoking and levels of ddt and dieldrin in human fat. | the adipose tissue of humans with known patterns of cigarette smoking was collected during 1973-74 and analyzed for ddt components and dieldrin. although smokers are exposed to high levels of insecticides from smoke of cigarettes and some of these compounds can be stored in adipose tissue, it could not be demonstrated that a relationship exists between smoking habit and residual levels of ddt found in fat. smokers seem able, through induction of enzymes by substances in tobacco smoke, to metabol ... | 1977 | 911198 |
| heavy metal pollution among autoworkers. i. lead. | lead pollution was evaluated in 216 individuals working in 10 garages on the island of funen, denmark and related to data from biochemical and medical examinations. clinical symptoms were recorded by means of a questionnaire. increased blood test lead levels were foun in 59% with 9% having above 80 microgram lead/100 ml (3-86mumol/1) whole blood. mechanics in eight out of ten garages had significantly increased blood lead levels. a decrease in delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (alad) activit ... | 1977 | 911691 |
| combined effects of tobacco and caffeine on the components of choice reaction-time heart rate, and hand steadiness. | eight male smokers were tested under 6 conditions comprising the combinations of 200 mg. caffeine or no caffeine, with no cigarette, one 0.3-mg. nicotine cigarette or one 1.3-mg. nicotine cigarette, for decision time and motor time scores on a choice reaction-time task. heart rate was monitored from a pretest period throughout the session, and hand steadiness measured on repeated occasions. decision-time scores were significantly decreased by both caffeine and nicotine, but no interaction was fo ... | 1977 | 917720 |
| regeneration of plants from tobacco protoplasts and some factors affecting the plant differentiation. | protoplasts were isolated from the cell suspension culture derived from leaf and stem calli of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. ko hsin no. 1) haploid pollen-plants. after 12 hr in the liquid culture medium, the protoplasts became oval-shaped, and produced a new cell wall. the first division of the newly formed cells was completed after 24 hr in culture. after 4 weeks in culture, the yellowish calli reached 1 mm in size were then transferred to an auxophyton. 18 days later, the calli became 3-4 mm ... | 1977 | 918647 |
| [smoking habits and their influence on the development of chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases--results of epidemiologic research on bronchitis in the german democratic republic]. | systematic studies were performed in 1971 and 1973 to investigate the epidemiology of chronic bronchitis. the scheme comprised random groups of a sum total of 22176 men and 10829 women aged between 35 and 64 from 25 places all over the territory of the gdr. the examination program comprised an interview with a questionnaire, measurement of fvc, fev1.0, po2 and rv/tk, examination of bronchial hyperreactivity. representative statements emerged as to prevalence of smokers and ex-smokers. the mean p ... | 1977 | 919619 |
| [ways for solving the tobacco problem in the german democratic republic (gdr) and in other socialistic countries (author's transl)]. | the socialistic society has integrated interests for prevention of health consequences of smoking. tobacco production is a matter of the state and is not dictated by individual interests of profit. smoking control in the gdr is focussed on three points: 1. to discourage children and young people from smoking; 2. to protect non-smokers on their place of work and public places; 3. to encourage smokers to give up their habit. smoking control measures should not intimidate, but encourage smokers for ... | 1977 | 919622 |
| [atherosclerosis. prevention of risk factors: tobacco]. | | 1977 | 922539 |
| the large bowel carcinogenic effects of hydrazines and related compounds occurring in nature and in the environment. | five substituted hydrazines that induce large bowel and other types of cancer in laboratory animals are described. two of these compounds, which originate in nature, are 1,1-dimethylhydrazine, a tobacco ingredient, and methylhydrazine, formed from a chemical present in the edible wild mushroom gyromitra esculenta. the human population is therefore exposed to them considerably. in addition, both compounds are manufactured and used in rocket fuel. the other three chemicals, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine d ... | 1977 | 922685 |
| ribosome binding of capped satellite tobacco necrosis virus rna. | | 1977 | 923815 |
| dentition, diet, tobacco, and alcohol in the epidemiology of oral cancer. | interview and dental examination data were gathered on 584 males with cancer of the oral cavity and on 1,222 control patients with nonneoplastic diseases at roswell park memorial institute, buffalo, new york. no dietary characteristics distinguished cancer patients from controls. however, a higher risk of developing oral cancer was associated with heavy smoking, heavy drinking, and poor dentition. when controlled for the other factors, each factor carried a higher risk. moreover, heavy smokers a ... | 1977 | 926184 |
| patterns of tobacco smoking in australia. 2. | australian smoking patterns have been surveyed in 1974 and 1976. there appears to be a slight downward trend in male smoking and a slight increase in female smoking. smoking is more prevalent in the cities than in the country, and among blue collar workers than among white collar workers. usage of "low tar" cigarettes is also increasing. | 1977 | 927253 |
| dna associated with nucleosomes in plants. | 50 to 55% of tobacco and barley nuclear dna is accessible to micrococcal endonuclease digestion. the dna fragments resulting from a mild endonuclease treatment are multiples of a basic unit of 194 +/- 6 base pairs in tobacco and 195 +/- 6 base pairs in barley. after extensive digestion, a dna fragment of approximately 140 base pairs is predominant. hence the "extra-core" or "linker"-dna is 55 base pairs long. other fragments having 158 and less than 140 base pairs are present as well. treatment ... | 1977 | 928070 |
| studies on the effect of tobacco smoke on the biotransformation of vasoactive substances in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. i. prostaglandin f2alpha. | cigarette smoke administration was previously found to have a pronounced inhibitory effect on metabolism of nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. these observations suggest the possibility of tobacco smoke inhibition of biotransformations associated with non-ventilatory pulmonary functions such as metabolic clearance of endogenous vasoactive substances. however, studies of the effect of smoke on uptake and metabolism of pgf2alpha in isolated perfused rabbit lungs pro ... | 1977 | 928950 |
| a prospective comparative study of clinical and histological characteristics in icelandic and danish patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and x-ray negative dyspepsia. i. design and clinical features. | iceland (is) and denmark (dk) are ethnically, culturally, and economically closely related nordic countries, but gastric cancer is much more frequent in iceland, and other differences in the occurrence rates of gastric diseases are also suspected. therefore a cooperative study was initiated comparing icelandic and danish patients with gastric ulcer (gu), duodenal ulcer (du), and x-ray negative dyspepsia (xnd) as regards clinical features, external factors of possible importance for gastritis and ... | 1977 | 929108 |
| ultrastructure of the neurosecretory cells in the brain of diapausing pupae of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta (l). | the ultrastructure of seven different types of neurosecretory cells (nsc) found in the medial and lateral areas of the brain of diapausing manduca sexta is described. the five different types of nsc in the medial area have characteristic differences in their shape, size, neurosecretory granules (nsg), and the morphology of their organelles. the cell types of the medial area accumulated the nsg, but did not appear to be synthesizing and packaging new nsg, whereas the nsc in the lateral region wer ... | 1977 | 929583 |
| [electron microscopic study of tobacco mesophyll protoplasts. ii. ultrastructure of cultivated protoplasts at the primary cell colony stage]. | | 1977 | 929673 |
| mortality from esophageal cancer in piedmont, italy. | piedmont is located at the borderline between italy (where mortality from esophageal cancer is relatively low) and france and switzerland (where it is relatively high). therefore, it seemed of interest to investigate the mortality from this cancer in piedmont. age-adjusted yearly mortality rates for 1965-1969 were 4.3 and 0.8 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively. rates were very similar in the town of torino, in the 23 suburbs of the first belt, in the nonmetropolitan areas of the pro ... | 1977 | 929700 |
| the structure and molecular weight of satellite tobacco necrosis virus: a neutron small-angle scattering study. | | 1977 | 929991 |
| [virus and plant-host interrelationships in the presence of rifamycin]. | the effect of rifamycine on the infectivity and accumulation in tissues of potato x-virus (pxv) and tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) in local and systemic infections of plants was studied. high concentrations of rifamycine (50--100 microgram/ml) were found to inhibit and low (2 microgram/ml) to stimulate the infectivity of the viruses. rifamycine reduced accumulation of pxv in isolated leaves of thornapple and growth of necrotic lesions caused by tmv on tobacco leaves. the effectiveness of the antibio ... | 1977 | 930055 |
| regulation of the secretory cycles of mucous and serous cells in the human bronchial gland. | studies of the human bronchial gland in organ culture have allowed us to elucidate some of the factors controlling the synthesis and secretion of bronchial mucus. the secretory cycles of mucous and serous cells appear to differ, the former alternately accumulating and discharging secretory material, while in the latter synthesis and discharge occur simultaneously. parasympathomimetic agents increase the secretory rate of mucous and serous cells by stimulating discharge, but have no effect on the ... | 1977 | 930716 |
| performance of the piezoelectric microbalance respirable aerosol sensor. | a battery-portable respirable aerosol sensor has been experimentally evaluated. calibration procedures are described. for instruments calibrated with welding smoke, test results show agreement within +/- 15% of parallel filter samples for 10 laboratory and industrial aerosols including welding and tobacco smoke, oil mist, cotton and asbestos mill dusts, powdered metal and walnut shell dusts, and atmospheric urban aerosol in the 0.05-5.5 mg/m3 range. results show that an average of several piezob ... | 1977 | 930807 |
| smokers' melanosis. occurrence and localization in the attached gingiva. | the aim was to clinically study the frequency and extension of the melanin pigmentation in the attached gingiva and its relation to tobacco smoking. the population examined consisted of patients and dental nurse students at the school of dentistry in umeå, sweden. all of the patients with pigmentation proved to be tobacco smokers. the pigmentation was given to name "smokers' melanosis.". between 12.9% and 14.9% of those examined and between 25.5% and 31.0% of those who smoked had smokers' melano ... | 1977 | 931390 |
| fraction 1 protein crystals in chloroplasts of isolated tobacco leaf protoplasts: a thin-section and freeze-etch morphological study. | | 1976 | 933257 |
| inhalation of tobacco and marijuana in dog over a period of 30 months: effect on body weight, food intake and organ weight. | the measures of body weight and food intake in marijuana or tobacco smoking dogs and a non-smoking control group show no significant change after 27 months of inhalation; except a slowing of weight gain during 9 months, in spite of increased food consumption at 3 months. during this period, the tobacco smokers ate much less and at the 9 th month only a significant slowing in weight gain was noted. at the end of the experiment, the organ weight/total weight ratio of these 3 groupes of dogs presen ... | 1976 | 935636 |
| interkingdom fusion between human (hela) cells and tobacco hybrid (ggll) protoplasts. | the fusion of human hela cells with tobacco protoplasts has been accomplished with the use of polyethylene glycol. the sequence from heterocellular adherence to heterokaryon formation has been followed with light microscopy and confirmed by autoradiographs of heterokaryons containing unlabeled tobacco nuclei and tritium-labeled hela nuclei. the hela nucleus retained its integrity in the tobacco cytoplasm up to 6 days after fusion. | 1976 | 935875 |
| the relationship between soil-borne wheat mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1976 | 936469 |
| in vitro and in vivo translation of the ribonucleic acids of a cowpea strain of tobacco mosaic virus. | | 1976 | 936472 |
| rna polymerase from tobacco necrosis virus infected and uninfected tobacco. purification of the membrane-associated enzyme. | | 1976 | 936480 |
| [combined consumption of alcohol and tobacco in adolescents]. | | 1976 | 936731 |
| respiratory response to tobacco dust exposure. | results of a study of the respiratory responses of 318 nonsmoking female workers to long-term tobacco dust exposure are reported. the mean total tobacco dust concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 27.5 mg per m3; the respirable fraction, from 0.3 to 3.6 mg per m3. the mean length of exposure to tobacco dust was 14.9 years; 24 per cent of the workers had been exposed to tobacco dust for 20 years or more. comparatively low prevalences of chronic respiratory symptoms were found, and only the prevalences ... | 1976 | 937816 |
| [letter: femoro-popliteal acute ischemia followed by amputation in a woman on oral contraceptives. 3d personal case]. | the authors review 2 similar cases reported by them in 1975 and others reported in the literature and describe a case of thrombosis which required amputation of a leg in a woman who had been taking 2 types of oral contraceptives for 18 months. the woman was a smoker, without signs of hyperlipidemia or diabetes. it is concluded that the risk of thrombosis declines with small doses of oral contraceptives, but less than was expected. physicians should advise thier patients to avoid use of tobacco ... | 1976 | 940743 |
| chronic inhalation of marijuana and tobacco in dogs: pulmonary pathology. | the pulmonary effects of chronic marijuana (m) and tobacco (t) smoke inhalation were studied in adult female dogs. the smoke was inhaled through a tracheostomy tube: four cigarettes containing either tobacco (3.2 g/dog) or marijuana (3.0 g/dog) were used per day over 900 days. at autopsy, the pulmonary volume and alveolar surface of the t group had decreased, compared to controls (c) and the m group. the tracheostomy (tr) produced itself result in chiolitis; in order of severity the m group grea ... | 1976 | 940962 |
| high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of tobacco and marijuana sterols. | components of the sterol fraction of tobacco and marijauna were resolved as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography with glass capillary columns. ten phytosterols in tobacco and five in marijuana were identified by comparisons of their retention with authentic compounds on three different stationary phases and through mass-spectral data. | 1976 | 941185 |
| metabolism of n,n'-diphenylurea by cytokinin-dependent tobacco callus: identification of the glucoside. | | 1976 | 942432 |
| structure and immunogenic behaviour of methylated tobacco mosaic virus. | tobacco mosaic virus was methylated, using various concentrations of dimethylsulfate. the methylated virus sample with still intact particles was subjected to sequential analysis. the sites and the degree of methylation were determined in the tryptic peptides. tyrosine 139 and cysteine 27 are more accessible to methylation than tyrosine 72, lysine 68 and tyrosine 2. a limited number of carboxyl groups was also methylated. the ability of methylated and original tobacco mosaic virus to initiate th ... | 1976 | 944592 |
| the molting hormones from the embryonated egg of the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta (l.). | 26-hydroxyecdysone is the predominant molting hormone in 24- to 44-hour-old embryonated tobacco hornworm eggs, accounting for approximately 80% of the ecdysones present at this stage of development. this molting hormone was previously shown to be the major ecdysone present in 48- to 64-hour-old embryonated eggs of this insect. during both of these periods of embryonic development in the hornworm 20-hydroxyecdysone is a minor component, in contrast to its presence as the major ecdysone in the hor ... | 1976 | 945915 |