| the bradyrhizobium japonicum proline biosynthesis gene proc is essential for symbiosis. | plant host-derived proline is proposed to serve as an energy source for rhizobia in the rhizosphere and in symbiotic root nodules. the bradyrhizobium japonicum proc gene was isolated, and a proc mutant strain that behaved as a strict proline auxotroph in culture was constructed. the proc strain elicited undeveloped nodules on soybeans that lacked nitrogen fixation activity and plant hemoglobin. we conclude that the proc gene is essential for symbiosis and suggest that the mutant does not obtain ... | 2000 | 11097929 |
| elicitor-induced defence reactions in cell suspension cultures of soybean cultivars. | suspension cultured soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cells of four cultivars (wilis, lumut, kalmit, doko rc) were compared for their response to different fungal and bacterial elicitors. cells were treated either with crude cell wall extracts of the fungal pathogens phytophthora sojae (pmg-elicitor) and rhizoctonia solani (riso-elicitor) or with two isolates of the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea (psg01/02) and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial defence reactions was measured ... | 2000 | 11098822 |
| evaluation of the in vitro genetic toxicity of 4-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid. | the herbicide 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-db) is principally used in the usa on peanuts, soybeans and alfalfa. in europe, it is used on undersown spring barley and grassland (with clover). the genetic toxicity in vitro of the dimethylamine salt of 2,4-db was examined by employing a range of end points including gene mutation in bacteria (ames test) and mammalian cell cultures (cho/hgprt assay), cytogenetic abnormalities in mammalian cells (cho/chromosomal aberration assay), and indu ... | 2000 | 11113700 |
| effect of genistein on cardiovascular responses to angiotensin ii in conscious unrestrained rats. | soybeans contain genistein, a phytoestrogen that may have beneficial effects in coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, and breast cancer. in vitro studies demonstrated that genistein reduced vascular smooth muscle contractions to angiotensin ii. we tested the hypothesis that genistein attenuates the overall cardiovascular responses to angiotensin ii via nongenomic mechanisms in conscious rats. mean arterial blood pressure (map) was recorded from conscious unrestrained sprague-dawley rats (n = 26 ... | 2000 | 11117383 |
| functional conservation of phosphorylation-specific prolyl isomerases in plants. | the phosphorylation-specific peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase (ppiase) pin1 in humans and its homologues in yeast and animal species play an important role in cell cycle regulation. these ppiases consist of an nh(2)-terminal ww domain that binds to specific phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-proline motifs present in a subset of phosphoproteins and a cooh-terminal ppiase domain that specifically isomerizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine-proline peptide bonds. here, we describe the isolat ... | 2001 | 11118438 |
| expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors by rat nk cells: inhibition of their expression by genistein. | in this study, we describe rat nk cell-derived mmps including membrane-type mmps (mt-mmps) and tissue inhibitors of mmp (timps). rt-pcr analysis from cdna of rat a-nk cells revealed mrna for mmp-2, mmp-9, mmp-7, mmp-10, mmp-11, mmp-13, mt1-mmp, mt2-mmp, timp-1, and timp-2. the rnk-16 cells expressed mrna for mmp-7, mmp-10, mmp-11, mt1-mmp, mt2-mmp, timp-1, and timp-2, in addition to mmp-3 and mmp-13. western blot analysis confirmed proteins for mt1-mmp and mt2-mmp in rnk-16 cells. timp-1 in rat ... | 2000 | 11125539 |
| differential response of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) genotypes to lipo-chito-oligosaccharide nod bj v (c(18:1) mefuc). | lipo-chito-oligosaccharides (lcos) are bacteria-to-plant signal molecules essential for the establishment of rhizobia-legume symbioses. lcos invoke a number of physiological changes in the host plants, such as root hair deformation, cortical cell division and ontogeny of complete nodule structures. the responses of five soybean cultivars to nod bj: v (c(18:1) mefuc) isolated from bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 532c were studied with a new technique. two distinct types of root hair deformation w ... | 2000 | 11141178 |
| characterizing the interaction between fire ants (hymenoptera: formicidae) and developing soybean plants. | this research characterizes the interaction between the fire ants solenopsis invicta buren and developing soybean plants. phagostimulant studies showed that fire ant foraging on soybean seeds increased once the seeds imbibed water. during seedling development over a 5-d germination period, fire ant foraging shifted from the stem/cotyledons to the roots, despite continual increases in fresh weights for each region, and the fact that stem/cotyledon tissue contained the majority of food reserves. c ... | 2000 | 11142298 |
| homeodomain leucine zipper proteins bind to the phosphate response domain of the soybean vspb tripartite promoter. | the soybean (glycine max l. merr. cv williams 82) genes vspa and vspb encode vacuolar glycoprotein acid phosphatases that serve as vegetative storage proteins during seed fill and early stages of seedling growth. vspb expression is activated by jasmonates (jas) and sugars and down-regulated by phosphate and auxin. previous promoter studies demonstrated that vspb promoter sequences between -585 and -535 mediated responses to ja, and sequences between -535 and -401 mediated responses to sugars, ph ... | 2001 | 11161037 |
| analysis of glycoconjugate patterns of normal and hormone-induced dysplastic noble rat prostates, and an androgen-independent noble rat prostate tumor, by lectin histochemistry and protein blotting. | alteration of the expression of glycoconjugates is frequently observed in tumors. however, studies on the changes of cellular glycosylation in the early premalignant stage of prostate carcinogenesis are scarce. | 2001 | 11170128 |
| nutritional study of two brazilian soybean (glycine max) cultivars differing in the contents of antinutritional and toxic proteins. | the research was conducted with two different recently released brazilian soybean cultivars (rio balsas and bays) to evaluate whether there is any correlation between the different levels of antinutritional and/or toxic proteins in the cultivars and their nutritive value as sources of protein for monogastric animals (rats). furthermore, it is discussed, for the first time, the role of the dietary soyatoxin on the performance of rats fed on diets containing soyatoxin-rich (cv. bays) and soyatoxin ... | 2001 | 11179862 |
| two expressed soybean genes with high sequence identity to tomato pti1 kinase lack autophosphorylation activity. | an important signaling pathway for disease resistance in tomato involves the r gene product pto which phosphorylates ptil, a downstream member of this signaling cascade. both pto and pti1 are ser/thr protein kinases capable of autophosphorylation in vitro. two soybean (glycine max l. merr. var. hobbit) cdnas (spti1a and spti1b) were cloned and sequenced and found to each have 78% amino acid sequence identity with tomato pti1. glutathione s-transferase fusions of spti1a and b expressed in escheri ... | 2000 | 11185558 |
| preference of female students for "tempe" preparations composed of glandless cottonseed and defatted soybean or corn at various ratios. | cottonseed kernels are rich in protein, but they have not been effectively utilized as a foodstuff because of the occurrence of glands that secrete gossypol. a toxic yellow pigment. glandless cottonseeds (glcs) are now available. and their kernels or flour are sold as a foodstuff. for this reason, a glcs-tempe was prepared after the pattern of a traditional food called "tempe" in indonesia (fermented with rhizopus oligosporus), and any gossypol remaining in glcs proved to be lost in the process. ... | 2000 | 11185660 |
| bioavailability of biosolids molybdenum to corn. | this study was part of a larger effort to generate field data appropriate to the assessment of biosolids molybdenum (mo) risk to ruminants. corn (zea mays l.) is an important component of cattle diet, and is a logical crop for biosolids amendment owing to its high n requirement. paired soil and corn stover samples archived from two unique field experiments were analyzed to quantify the relationship (uptake coefficient, uc) between stover mo and soil mo load. both studies used biosolids with tota ... | 2001 | 11215645 |
| comparative assessment of endocrine modulators with oestrogenic activity: i. definition of a hygiene-based margin of safety (hbmos) for xeno-oestrogens against the background of european developments. | a novel concept - the hygiene-based margin of safety (hbmos) - is suggested for the assessment of the impact of potential endocrine modulators. it integrates exposure scenarios and potency data for industrial chemicals and naturally occurring dietary compounds with oestrogenic activity. an hbmos is defined as a quotient of estimated daily intakes weighted by the relative in vivo potencies of these compounds. the existing chemicals programme of the european union provides human and environmental ... | 2001 | 11218041 |
| lack of effect of soy isoflavone on thyroid hyperplasia in rats receiving an iodine-deficient diet. | we have reported a dramatic synergism between soy intake and iodine deficiency regarding induction of thyroid hyperplasia in rats. because isoflavones are active constituents of soybeans, in the present study, their possible contribution was examined. female f344 rats were divided into 8 groups, exposed to diet containing a 0.2% soy isoflavone mixture (si), 0.2% si + iodine deficiency (id), 0.04% si, 0.04% si + id, 20% defatted soybean (ds) alone, 20% ds + id, id alone or basal diet alone for 5 ... | 2001 | 11223538 |
| antioxidative activities of aroma extracts isolated from natural plants. | natural leaves and flowers containing numerous aroma chemicals are widely used in aromatherapy since ancient times. in addition to their pleasant smells, aroma chemicals might have some beneficial health effects. aroma extracts, isolated from coffee beans, soybeans, and mung beans by steam distillation under mild conditions (55 degrees c and 85 mm hg) were examined for their antioxidative activities. the inhibitory effect of these extracts toward hexanal/hexanoic acid conversion was measured in ... | 2000 | 11237179 |
| partial purification and characterization of pyruvate kinase from the plant fraction of soybean root nodules. | pyruvate kinase (pk, ec 2.7.1.40) was partially purified from the plant cytosolic fraction of n2-fixing soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) root nodules. the partially purified pk preparation was completely free of contamination by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc, ec 4.1.1.31), the other major phosphoenolpyruvate (pep)-utilizing enzyme in legume root nodules. latency experiments with sonicated nodule extracts showed that bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids do not express either pk or pepc act ... | 2001 | 11240911 |
| [analysis of modern concepts concerning the role of processed soybean products in diet therapy of patients with cardiovascular diseases]. | in this review the analysis of chemical structure of soybeans is given, are indicated and the outcomes of evaluation of medical and preventive efficiency of use soy and products of its processing in a feed of the patients with cardiovascular diseases on data of experimental researches and clinical natural observations are discussed. | 2000 | 11247168 |
| incidence and severity of frogeye leaf spot and associated yield losses in soybeans in agroecological zone ii of zambia. | the incidence and severity of frogeye leaf spot of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) was studied in agroecological region ii of zambia during the 1997/98 crop growing season. a survey was conducted on farmers' fields on scsi kaleya, magoye and hernon-147 cultivars. disease incidence and severity was assessed by monitoring disease increments at two weeks interval (beginning of january to april) from nine fields, three from each province. soybean cultivars were evaluated for yield losses resulting ... | 2001 | 11265165 |
| a functional myo-inositol dehydrogenase gene is required for efficient nitrogen fixation and competitiveness of sinorhizobium fredii usda191 to nodulate soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.). | inositol derivative compounds provide a nutrient source for soil bacteria that possess the ability to degrade such compounds. rhizobium strains that are capable of utilizing certain inositol derivatives are better colonizers of their host plants. we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the myo-inositol dehydrogenase gene (idha) of sinorhizobium fredii usda191, the first enzyme responsible for inositol catabolism. the deduced idha protein has a molecular mass of 34,648 da and sho ... | 2001 | 11274120 |
| effect of dietary lipid source on conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in milk fat. | conjugated linoleic acids (cla) found in ruminant milk fat are a byproduct of incomplete biohydrogenation of lipids by ruminal bacteria. we examined the effect of different dietary fat supplements and processing methods on cla. in trial 1, dietary supplements of ca salts of fatty acids from canola oil, soybean oil, and linseed oil increased cla content of milk fat by three- to fivefold over the control diet. trials 2 and 3 examined the effect of processing methods for heat treatment of full fat ... | 2001 | 11286421 |
| growth of nisin-producing lactococci in cooked rice supplemented with soybean extract and its application to inhibition of bacillus subtilis in rice miso. | lactic acid fermentation of cooked rice and rice koji by supplementation with soybean extract (sbe) and its application to rice miso fermentation were investigated. by supplementing the cooked rice with sbe, lactic acid bacteria (lab) grew well without any unfavorable effects on the rice such as off-flavor or coloration. lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ifo12007 (lc. lactis, a producer of the bacteriocin nisin) proliferated at 10(8 to approximately 9) cells/g after 24 h of incubation and produce ... | 2001 | 11302166 |
| nutritional and health benefits of soy proteins. | soy protein is a major component of the diet of food-producing animals and is increasingly important in the human diet. however, soy protein is not an ideal protein because it is deficient in the essential amino acid methionine. methionine supplementation benefits soy infant formulas, but apparently not food intended for adults with an adequate nitrogen intake. soy protein content of another essential amino acid, lysine, although higher than that of wheat proteins, is still lower than that of th ... | 2001 | 11312815 |
| [cancer of the prostate: influence of nutritional factors. a new nutritional approach]. | fibers: a group of vegetarian subjects have been shown to have a lower risk of cancer of the prostate than a control group. but the exact role of food fiber remains to be determined because plant foods also have an antioxidant effect on their own. plant products and extracts: a compound called pd spec has been showed to have antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. evaluated in patients with a cancer escaping hormone control, the clinical response was a lower level of prostate specific antig ... | 2001 | 11317937 |
| cassava-soy weaning food: biological evaluation and effects on rat organs. | weaning food was formulated using a cassava product, 'tapioca' (tap), supplemented with roasted-sprouted soybeans (ss), with and without additional (10%) malted sorghum flour (ms). biological evaluation was carried out on the formulations using 4-5 week old weanling albino rats, with cerelac (a commercial maize-milk weaning food) as the control diet. there were increases in growth rate of rats fed with both the test and control diets. there were no significant (p >0.05) differences between the t ... | 2001 | 11318505 |
| gender differences in the effect of genistein on vascular smooth muscle cells: a possible cardioprotective effect? | isoflavones are a class of phytoestrogens found abundantly in soybeans. they share structural similarity to 17-beta-estradiol, bind to the estrogen receptors alpha and beta, and produce estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects. atherosclerosis is an inflammatory-mediated fibroproliferative response to injury to the arterial wall. vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) are the prominent cells in the atherosclerotic plaque. vsmcs contain estrogen receptors and, at physiologic concentrations, 17-beta-est ... | 2001 | 11324237 |
| natto mucilage containing poly-gamma-glutamic acid increases soluble calcium in the rat small intestine. | we prepared natto (fermented soybeans) mucilage containing poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-pga) from commercial natto. the effect of natto mucilage on calcium (ca) solubility in vitro and in vivo was investigated. ca solubility in vitro increased with an increase in the amount of natto mucilage, due to inhibition of the formation of an insoluble complex of ca with phosphate by natto mucilage. rats were fed with 5 g of soybean protein isolate, natto, mucilage-free natto, or natto mucilage diet fo ... | 2001 | 11330662 |
| inheritance and allelism tests of raiden soybean for resistance to soybean mosaic virus. | the gene symbol rsv2 was previously assigned to the gene in the soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] line ox670 for resistance to soybean mosaic virus (smv). the rsv2 gene was reported to be derived from the raiden soybean (pi 360844) and to be independent of rsv1. accumulated data from our genetic experiments were in disagreement with this conclusion. in this study, raiden and l88-8431, a williams bc5 isoline with smv resistance derived from raiden, were crossed with two smv-susceptible cultivars t ... | 2001 | 11336229 |
| comparative study of blood group-recognizing lectins toward abo blood group antigens on neoglycoproteins, glycoproteins and complex-type oligosaccharides. | binding specificities of abo blood group-recognizing lectins toward blood group antigens on neoglycoproteins, glycoproteins and complex-type oligosaccharides were studied by lectin-blotting analysis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and lectin-conjugated agarose column chromatography. human serum albumin conjugated with a- and b-trisaccharides was clearly recognized by helix pomatia (hpa), phaseolus lunatus, dolichos biflorus agglutinins, and griffonia simplicifolia i agglutinin b(4), respectiv ... | 2001 | 11342253 |
| will genetically modified foods be allergenic? | foods produced through agricultural biotechnology, including such staples as corn, soybeans, canola, and potatoes, are already reaching the consumer marketplace. agricultural biotechnology offers the promise to produce crops with improved agronomic characteristics (eg, insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, and climatic tolerance) and enhanced consumer benefits (eg, better taste and texture, longer shelf life, and more nutritious). certainly, the products of agricultural bio ... | 2001 | 11344340 |
| toxicity-based criteria for the evaluation of textile wastewater treatment efficiency. | brazilian textile mills import wastewater treatment technologies, performances of which are generally evaluated only on a physicochemical basis. thus, a battery of bioassays was used to evaluate the performance of an ozonation system to treat textile effluents. comparative toxicological profiles for bacteria (vibrio fischeri), algae (scenedesmus subspicatus), daphnia (daphnia magna), fish (poecilia reticulata), and plants (soybean--glycine max, rice--oryza sativa, and wheat--triticum aestivum), ... | 2001 | 11345461 |
| suppression of the ribosomal l2 gene reveals a novel mechanism for stress adaptation in soybean. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea bacteria or zoospores of the fungus phytophthora sojae were used to trigger a hypersensitive reaction (hr) in cell cultures of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr. cv. williams 82). during a screen for genes that show an altered expression as a response to dying neighbour cells we have identified a gene fragment that is specifically but transiently down-regulated in an hr. the corresponding cdna codes for the ribosomal protein l2 (rpl2) of 80s ribosomes, which is ess ... | 2001 | 11346953 |
| wy-14,643 and other agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor reveal a new mode of action for salicylic acid in soybean disease resistance. | inoculation of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) cell-suspension cultures with avirulent bacteria results in a salicylic acid (sa)-controlled programmed cell death (pcd). to unravel the nature of the sa-dependent step in pcd, a screening procedure for complementing compounds was performed. diverse chemicals that are well known as activating ligands for orphan receptors in animals, particularly receptors of the ppar (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) subfamily, were found to be active. t ... | 2001 | 11346966 |
| differential mrna degradation of two beta-tubulin isoforms correlates with cytosolic ca2+ changes in glucan-elicited soybean cells. | transgenic soybean (glycine max) culture cells expressing apoaequorin, a ca2+ indicator, were exposed to glucan fragments derived from phytophthora sojae or to chitin oligomers. the effects of these elicitors on cytosolic ca2+ concentrations and on mrna levels of two beta-tubulin isoforms, tubb1 and tubb2, were investigated. the glucan elicitors, to which the cells are known to react with a biphasic cytosolic ca2+ increase, induced a down-regulation of the tubb1 mrna levels while the tubb2 mrna ... | 2001 | 11351073 |
| phytoestrogens restore nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in isolated pulmonary arteries from chronically hypoxic rats. | phytoestrogens derived from soybeans reverse endothelial dysfunction in a number of animal models of systemic vascular disease. based on these studies, we hypothesized that phytoestrogens would reverse chronic hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in rat pulmonary arteries. to test this hypothesis we examined the effect of genistein, the major phytoestrogen found in soybeans, on carbachol-induced relaxation in phenylephrine-constricted pulmonary artery rings isolated from normoxic rats and rat ... | 2001 | 11356918 |
| activity of soybean lipoxygenase isoforms against esterified fatty acids indicates functional specificity. | in soybean (glycine max l.) vegetative tissue at least five lipoxygenase isozymes are present. four of these proteins have been localized to the paraveinal mesophyll, a layer of cells that is thought to function in assimilate partitioning. in order to determine the role of the lipoxygenase isozymes within the soybean plant, the leaf lipoxygenases were cloned into bacterial expression vectors and expressed in escherichia coil. the recombinant lipoxygenases were then characterized as to substrate ... | 2001 | 11361131 |
| conversion of aflp bands into high-throughput dna markers. | the conversion of aflp bands into polymorphic sequence-tagged-site (sts) markers is necessary for high-throughput genotype scoring. technical hurdles that must be overcome arise from genome complexity (particularly sequence duplication), from the low-molecular-weight nature of the aflp bands and from the location of the polymorphism within the aflp band. we generated six sts markers from ten aflp bands (four aflps were from co-dominant pairs of bands) in soybean (glycine max). the markers were a ... | 2001 | 11361330 |
| soy isoflavone supplementation in healthy men prevents nf-kappa b activation by tnf-alpha in blood lymphocytes. | dietary intake of soy has been associated with a decreased risk of cancer. soy isoflavones have been postulated to be the protective compounds in soybeans; however, the precise mechanism by which soy isoflavones prevent human cancer is not known. the major soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, are antioxidant compounds, therefore one possible mechanism of action is through their antioxidant effect. we have previously demonstrated that the soy isoflavone, genistein, inhibits the activation of ... | 2001 | 11368927 |
| apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and the digestible and metabolizable energy content of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal and its effects on growth performance of pigs. | we conducted three experiments to determine the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids (exp. 1), metabolizable and digestible energy (exp. 2), and feeding value (exp. 3) of dry extruded-expelled soybean meal with (deh) or without (denh) hulls compared with solvent-extracted soybean meal with hulls removed (sbmnh). soybeans used to produce deh were unadulterated prior to extrusion, but those used for denh were dehulled prior to extrusion. in exp. 1, six nonlittermate barrows (initially 39 kg ... | 2001 | 11374548 |
| affinity chromatography of branched oligosaccharides in rat liver beta-glucuronidase. | rat liver microsomal and lysosomal beta-glucuronidase-derived glycopeptides were obtained by extensive pronase digestion followed by n-[14c]acetylation and desialylation by neuraminidase treatment. these glycopeptides were studied by sequential chromatography on lectin-affinity columns such as concanavalin a, lentil lectin, phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin, ricinus communis agglutinin i, triticum vulgaris agglutinin, glycine max agglutinin and ulex europaeus agglutinin. using serial lectin a ... | 2001 | 11393703 |
| pesticide risk reduction on crops in the province of ontario. | we analyzed the changes in pesticide use and risk in the province of ontario, canada, from 1973 to 1998 to monitor the success of food systems 2002, a program to reduce pesticide use by 50%. pesticide risk was calculated by multiplying the amount of pesticide used (kilograms of active ingredient) by the environmental impact quotient (eiq), a score for the potential risk of pesticides to farmworkers, consumers, and the environment. pesticide use increased by 46% from 1973 to 1983. from 1983, the ... | 2001 | 11401269 |
| cloning of the human mcca and mccb genes and mutations therein reveal the molecular cause of 3-methylcrotonyl-coa: carboxylase deficiency. | 3-methylcrotonyl-coa: carboxylase (ec 6.4.1.4; mcc) deficiency is an inborn error of the leucine degradation pathway (mim *210200) characterized by increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. the clinical phenotypes are highly variable ranging from asymptomatic to profound metabolic acidosis and death in infancy. sequence similarity with glycine max and arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding the two subunits of mcc permitted us to clone the cdnas encoding th ... | 2001 | 11406611 |
| allergenicity test of genetically modified soybean in sprague dawley rats. | allergenicity of genetically-modified (gm) soybean was evaluated in male sprague dawley rats. to confirm the gm soybean used in this study, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed using the chromosomal dna of soybeans. the pcr result provided the clear discrimination of genetically-modified (gm) soybeans. to evaluate the allergenicity of gm soybean and non-gm control one, the soybean homogenate was sensitized subcutaneously 3 times a week for 3 weeks. the doses of soybean were 0, 2 and ... | 2001 | 11440087 |
| lectins in fruits having gastrointestinal activity: their participation in the hemagglutinating property of escherichia coli o157:h7. | in fruits with therapeutic properties for antidiarrheal and laxative uses, the presence of lectins may be the bioactive properties that interfere with bacterial adhesion, thought to be competition for glycoside signal sites in the attachment. | 2001 | 11440778 |
| the cholesterol-lowering property of soybeans fed to rats is related to the fasting duration. | numerous factors affect plasma cholesterol and, therefore, represent potential interferences with the specific effects of diet on lipid metabolism. after casein intake, serum cholesterol levels depend on many experimental conditions in rats, such as the type of casein, the presence or absence of cholesterol in the diet, the age and strain of rat, the diet composition, the nutritional status. the effect of fasting duration on selected parameters was studied in adult male wistar rats fed a 20% cas ... | 2001 | 11442224 |
| molecular mapping of rxp conditioning reaction to bacterial pustule in soybean. | the rxp locus in soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] that conditions reaction to bacterial pustule was mapped by simple sequence repeat (ssr) marker analysis. a population of 116 f4-derived lines from a cross between the resistant parent young and the susceptible parent pi 416937 was used for mapping. the rxp locus was mapped 3.9 cm from satt372 and 12.4 cm from satt014 on linkage group d2. linkage associations were confirmed by identifying a close association between the ssr genotype at each locus ... | 2001 | 11447243 |
| adenovirus-mediated expression of pig alpha(1, 3) galactosyltransferase reconstructs gal alpha(1, 3) gal epitope on the surface of human tumor cells. | gal alpha(1, 3) gal (gal epitope) is a carbohydrate epitope and synthesized in large amount by alpha(1, 3) galactosyltransferase [alpha(1, 3) gt] enzyme on the cells of lower mammalian animals such as pigs and mice. human has no gal epitope due to the inactivation of alpha(1, 3) gt gene but produces a large amount of antibodies (anti-gal) which recognize gal alpha(1, 3) gal structures specifically. in this study, a replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector ad5sgt containing pig alpha(1 ... | 2001 | 11453543 |
| binding site for chitin oligosaccharides in the soybean plasma membrane. | affinity cross-linking of the plasma membrane fraction to an (125)i-labeled chitin oligosaccharide led to the identification and characterization of an 85-kd, chitin binding protein in plasma membrane-enriched fractions from both suspension-cultured soybean cells and root tissue. inhibition analysis indicated a binding preference for larger (i.e. degrees of polymerization = 8) n-acetylated chitin molecules with a 50% inhibition of initial activity value of approximately 50 nm. n-acetyl-glucosami ... | 2001 | 11457966 |
| glyphosate selection of gene amplification in suspension cultures of 3 plant species. | stepwise selection was carried out with increasing glyphosate concentrations to produce suspension cultures of medicago sativa l. (alfalfa), glycine max l. (merr.) (soybean) and nicotiana tabacum l. (tobacco) (two lines) that were at least 100-fold more resistant than the original culture as measured by the i50. the selection process required from 8 to 11 transfers to fresh medium over a total period from 161 to 312 days. the alfalfa and soybean lines contained 62- and 21-fold higher activity le ... | 2001 | 11473714 |
| developmental effects and health aspects of soy protein isolate, casein, and whey in male and female rats. | dietary factors other than the traditional nutrients are found in the so-called functional foods. they are becoming increasingly recognized as potentially important for maintaining good health. soybeans are rich in such factors thought to help prevent certain chronic diseases. soy protein isolate (spi) is one of the three major proteins used in infant formulas sold in the united states, with casein (cas) and whey (wph) proteins being the others. we have been studying the health effects of these ... | 2001 | 11488559 |
| estrogen receptor alpha mediates the proliferative but not the cytotoxic dose-dependent effects of two major phytoestrogens on human breast cancer cells. | phytoestrogens are a chemically diverse group of compounds made by plants that can have estrogenic effects in animals. both tumorigenic and antitumorigenic effects have been reported. although estrogens stimulate the growth of many breast tumors, there is a negative correlation between the incidence of breast cancer and the phytoestrogen-rich diet of certain asian populations. to begin to resolve this paradox, we have analyzed the estrogenic properties of genistein and quercetin, two flavonoid p ... | 2001 | 11502892 |
| early events of secretory granule formation in the rat parotid acinar cell under the influence of isoproterenol. an ultrastructural and lectin cytochemical study. | the events involved in the maturation process of acinar secretory granules of rat parotid gland were investigated ultrastructurally and cytochemically by using a battery of four lectins [triticum vulgaris agglutinin (wga), ulex europaeus agglutinin i (uea-i), glycine max agglutinin (sba), arachys hypogaea agglutinin (pna)]. in order to facilitate the study, parotid glands were chronically stimulated with isoproterenol to induce secretion. specimens were embedded in the lowicryl k4m resin. the tr ... | 2001 | 11512638 |
| isoflavone transformation during soybean koji preparation and subsequent miso fermentation supplemented with ethanol and nacl. | soybeans were soaked with water for 4 h, steam-cooked, inoculated with the conidia of aspergillus oryzae, and incubated for 3 days for koji preparation. the koji was then mixed with water-soaked and steam-cooked soybeans (1:2, w/w), ground into paste, and supplemented with 15% ethanol and 12.5% nacl or 3% ethanol and 6% nacl for miso fermentation at 30 degrees c. daidzin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein contents were extracted from the lyophilized and pulverized soybean powder or from the miso ... | 2001 | 11513643 |
| efficacy and safety of touchi extract, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor derived from fermented soybeans, in non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus. | the water-extracted touchi, a traditional chinese food, exerted a strong inhibitory activity against rat intestinal alpha-glucosidase in foodstuffs. in borderline and developed diabetic subjects, 0.3 g of touchi-extract (te) significantly inhibited postprandial blood glucose levels. for confirmation of safety, 9 healthy subjects were given 1 g of te before every meal (3 g/day) for 12 weeks. none indicated changes in hematological and relevant biochemical parameters, body weight or bmi. in a non- ... | 2001 | 11516639 |
| risks and benefits of soy phytoestrogens in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, climacteric symptoms and osteoporosis. | phytoestrogens, plant chemicals classified as isoflavones, coumestans and lignans, display estrogen-like activity because of their structural similarity to human estrogens and exhibit high affinity binding for the estrogen receptor beta. they are common components of food items such as grains, beans, fruits and nuts. isoflavones are primarily found in soybeans and foods made from soy. in particular, significant therapeutic properties have been generally attributed to soy isoflavones, but most of ... | 2001 | 11522120 |
| discovery of a haem uptake system in the soil bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum. | in bradyrhizobium japonicum, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybeans, we have identified a haem uptake system, hmu, that comprises a cluster of nine open reading frames. predicted products of these genes include: hmur, a tonb-dependent haem receptor in the outer membrane; hmut, a periplasmic haem-binding protein; and hmuuv, an abc transporter in the inner membrane. furthermore, we identified homologues of exbbd and tonb, that are required for energy transduction from the inner to the outer memb ... | 2001 | 11532144 |
| supraoptimal carbon dioxide effects on growth of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.]. | in tightly closed environments used for human life support in space, carbon dioxide (co2) partial pressures can reach 500 to 1000 pa, which may be supraoptimal or toxic to plants used for life support. to study this, soybeans [glycine max (l.) merr. cvs. mccall and pixie] were grown for 90 days at 50, 100, 200, and 500 pa partial pressure co2 (500, 1000, 2000, and 5000 ppm). plants were grown using recirculating nutrient film technique with a 12-h photoperiod, a 26 degrees c/20 degrees c therm ... | 1993 | 11538190 |
| nodule activity and allocation of photosynthate of soybean during recovery from water stress. | nodulated soybean plants (glycine max [l.] merr. cv ransom) in a growth-chamber study were subjected to a leaf water potential (psi w) of -2.0 megapascal during vegetative growth. changes in nonstructural carbohydrate contents of leaves, stems, roots, and nodules, allocation of dry matter among plant parts, in situ specific nodule activity, and in situ canopy apparent photosynthetic rate were measured in stressed and nonstressed plants during a 7-day period following rewatering. leaf and nodul ... | 1987 | 11539766 |
| soybean sterol composition and utilization by phytophthora sojae. | the sterol fraction of glycine max (soybean) was found to contain a mixture of 13 major sterols which differed dramatically in composition between seeds and shoots. typical c4-desmethyl delta(5)-sterols, including sitosterol, predominate the sterol mixture of shoots, whereas c4-methyl sterol intermediates, cycloartenol and 24(28)-methylene cycloartanol, accumulate in seeds. the significance of modified sterol profile of shoot compared to seed was relevant to the physiology of phytophthora sojae, ... | 2001 | 11557074 |
| oxalate content of soybean seeds (glycine max: leguminosae), soyfoods, and other edible legumes. | consumption of soybeans and food products made from them is increasing because of their desirable nutritional value. however, the oxalate content of seeds from 11 cultivars of soybean showed relatively high levels of total oxalate from 0.67 to 3.5 g/100 g of dry weight. oxalate primarily was found as calcium oxalate crystals. thirteen tested commercial soyfoods contained between 16 and 638 mg of total oxalate per serving. these values compare to those of three other legume foods, peanut butter, ... | 2001 | 11559120 |
| on the species of origin: diagnosing the source of symbiotic transcripts. | most organisms have developed ways to recognize and interact with other species. symbiotic interactions range from pathogenic to mutualistic. some molecular mechanisms of interspecific interaction are well understood, but many remain to be discovered. expressed sequence tags (ests) from cultures of interacting symbionts can help identify transcripts that regulate symbiosis, but present a unique challenge for functional analysis. given a sequence expressed in an interaction between two symbionts, ... | 2001 | 11574056 |
| bioavailability of biosolids molybdenum to soybean grain. | legumes grown in biosolids-amended soils and then fed to ruminants can represent problematic sources of molybdenum (mo), but few field data are available to quantify the risk. we used a set of fields amended to high cumulative biosolids mo loads (>18 kg ha(-1)) over 27 yr to generate additional data. soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] was grown on 29 fields (ph values>6.8) amended to a wide range of soil mo loads. soybean grain harvested from each field was analyzed for mo and the concentrations r ... | 2001 | 11577873 |
| examination of lectins, polysaccharopeptide, polysaccharide, alkaloid, coumarin and trypsin inhibitors for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and glycohydrolases. | a variety of lectins were tested in vitro for inhibitory action against the activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) reverse transcriptase and the n-glycohydrolases (alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and beta-glucuronidase). lectins from phaseolus vulgaris, momordica charantia, ricinus communis and its constituent chains, and agaricus bisporus were able to inhibit hiv-1 reverse transcriptase. p. vulgaris lectin and a. bisporus lectin were the most potent. the aforementioned le ... | 2001 | 11582548 |
| effect of different protein sources on growth and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. | crossbred gilts (n = 180) and barrows (n = 180) from the louisiana state university (lsu) agricultural center and the university of illinois (ui) were used to compare the effect of soybean meal in swine diets, relative to other protein sources, on growth performance and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. four replications with five pigs each at each location were allotted to nine dietary treatments: soybean meal control (sbm), crystalline aa (corn-aa), extruded soybeans (esb), canola meal ... | 2001 | 11583430 |
| soybean saponins inhibit cell proliferation by suppressing pkc activation and induce differentiation of ht-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. | soybeans are major dietary sources of saponins, which have been suggested as possible anticarcinogens. this study was performed to determine the effect of soybean saponins on cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. ht-29 cells were incubated in various concentrations of saponins for 24, 48, and 72 hours. cell growth and whole cell protein kinase c (pkc) activity were determined. alkaline phosphatase activity and carcinoembryonic antigen level were measured ... | 2001 | 11588895 |
| the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in ovarian hormone deficiency. | ovarian hormone deficiency is a major risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. hormone replacement therapy (hrt) is perhaps the most effective treatment, as it has been demonstrated to both reduce the rate of bone loss and risk of fracture, including hip fracture. however, not all women who may benefit from hrt are willing to initiate this treatment due to fear of cancer and contraindications. other therapeutic agents currently available are also associated with certain adverse effe ... | 2001 | 11603649 |
| expression patterns and subcellular localization of a 52 kda sucrose-binding protein homologue of vicia faba (vfsbpl) suggest different functions during development. | a cdna coding for a 54 kda signal sequence containing protein has been isolated from a faba bean cotyledonary library and characterized. the deduced protein is designated vicia faba sbp-like protein (vfsbpl) since it shares 58% homology to a 62 kda soybean (glycine max) protein (gmsbp) which has been described as a sucrose-binding and sucrose-transporting protein (sbp). vfsbpl as well as gmsbp are outgroup members of the large vicilin storage protein family. we were unable to measure any sucrose ... | 2001 | 11669572 |
| [biological evaluation of soybean line with low trypsin inhibitor activities]. | the soybean cultivar br 36 with conventional levels of trypsin inhibitors activity and the soybean line brm95-5262, which was genetically selected to contain low activity of trypsin inhibitors were used for biological assays with rats. br 36 and brm95-5262 contained 40 and 20, and 30 and 20% of relative residual activity of trypsin inhibitors, respectively. the mean values of per and npr showed that treatments with crude soybeans were minor than treatments with soybean thermically processed. how ... | 2001 | 11678052 |
| composition and flavor of milk and butter from cows fed fish oil, extruded soybeans, or their combination. | milk was collected from eight multiparous holstein and four multiparous brown swiss cows that were distributed into four groups and arranged in a randomized complete block design with four 4-wk periods. the four treatments included a control diet of a 50:50 ratio of forage-to-concentrate; a fish oil diet of the control diet with 2% (on dry matter basis) added fat from menhaden fish oil; a fish oil with extruded soybean diet of the control diet with 1% (on dry matter basis) added fat from menhade ... | 2001 | 11699444 |
| effect of dietary vitamin c on concentrations of ascorbic acid in plasma and milk. | the addition of exogenous ascorbic acid to milk reduces the development of oxidized flavor. this experiment was conducted to determine whether feeding ascorbic acid to cows influenced vitamin c concentrations in milk. thirty-two midlactation holstein cows were fed a basal diet of 56% forage, 36.6% concentrate, and 7.4% roasted whole soybeans (dry basis) that was top-dressed with a premix that provided 0, 3, 16.5, or 30 g/d of l-ascorbic acid (provided by ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate) for 28 d. suppl ... | 2001 | 11699462 |
| molecular characterization of the homo-phytochelatin synthase of soybean glycine max: relation to phytochelatin synthase. | the phytochelatin homologs homo-phytochelatins are heavy metal-binding peptides present in many legumes. to study the biosynthesis of these compounds, we have isolated and functionally expressed a cdna gmhpcs1 encoding homo-phytochelatin synthase from glycine max, a plant known to accumulate homo-phytochelatins rather than phytochelatins upon the exposure to heavy metals. the catalytic properties of gmhpcs1 were compared with the phytochelatin synthase atpcs1 from arabidopsis thaliana. when assa ... | 2002 | 11706029 |
| isolation and characterization of an active compound from black soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] and its effect on proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic u937 cells. | black soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] has been used as a health food and herb in china for hundreds of years. in the present study, we purified a unique polysaccharide component from black soybean (psbs) and found that it indirectly inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of human leukemic u937 cells via activation of mononuclear cells (mncs). we prepared conditioned media (mnc-cm) by incubating mncs from human peripheral blood with or without psbs (psbs-mnc-cm and normal mnc-cm, res ... | 2001 | 11707652 |
| comparison of complete nucleotide sequences of genomic rnas of four soybean dwarf virus strains that differ in their vector specificity and symptom production. | soybean dwarf virus (sbdv) is divided into four strains, namely ys, yp, ds and dp. ys and yp cause yellowing in soybeans, while ds and dp cause dwarfing. ys and ds are transmitted by aulacorthum solani, while yp and dp are transmitted by acyrthosiphon pisum. to clarify the taxonomic relationship between the four strains and to classify sbdv into an appropriate genus in the luteoviridae, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of genomic rnas of four isolates belonging to each of the stra ... | 2001 | 11722012 |
| transphosphatidylation by immobilized phospholipase d in aqueous media. | phospholipase d (pld) from streptomyces sp. was immobilized by covalent binding to aminopropyl-glass activated by glutardialdehyde and to the macroporous synthetic polymer va-epoxy biosynth (from riedel-de häen, seelze, germany) pre-activated by epoxy groups. the immobilized plds were examined for the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (pg) from soybean (glycine max) phosphatidylcholine (pc) in purely aqueous solutions in comparison with commonly used diethyl ether/buffer systems. in contrast wit ... | 2001 | 11730487 |
| partial purification and characterization of a soybean beta-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates. | a beta-glucosidase with high specific activity towards isoflavone conjugates was purified from soybean [glycine max] roots by high salt extraction from a low speed centrifugal pellet and subsequent anion and cation exchange chromatography. purification required stabilization throughout fractionation in 10% glycerol. the enzyme is most likely a dimer (approximate m(r) 165 kda) with potential subunits of m(r) 80 and/or 75 kda. the ph and temperature optima are ph 6 and 30 degrees c, respectively. ... | 2001 | 11730862 |
| the matrix metalloproteinase gene gmmmp2 is activated in response to pathogenic infections in soybean. | matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) play an important role in host defense responses against pathogens in mammals where their activities lead to the production of antimicrobial peptides. we have identified a novel soybean (glycine max) metalloproteinase gene, gmmmp2, that is transcriptionally up-regulated in infected tissues. the deduced amino acid sequence indicates that this gene belongs to the mmp family. it is a preproprotein containing an n-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine switch, a zinc-bi ... | 2001 | 11743122 |
| characterization of the bacillus subtilis ywsc gene, involved in gamma-polyglutamic acid production. | the genes required for gamma-polyglutamic acid (pga) production were cloned from bacillus subtilis ifo16449, a strain isolated from fermented soybeans. there were four open reading frames in the cloned 4.2-kb dna fragment, and they were almost identical to those in the ywsc and ywtabc genes of b. subtlis 168. northern blot analysis showed that the four genes constitute an operon. three genes, ywsc, ywta, and ywtb, were disrupted to determine which gene plays a central role in pga biosynthesis. n ... | 2002 | 11751809 |
| characterization of smv resistance genes in tousan 140 and hourei soybean. | 'tousan 140' and 'hourei', two soybean [glycine max (l) merr.] accessions from japan, each possess a single gene at different loci for resistance to japanese soybean mosaic virus (smv) strain smv c. however, more genetic information is needed to utilize these lines in a breeding program. the objectives of this study were to determine (i) the reaction of tousan 140 and hourei to smv-g1 through g7 strains, (ii) the inheritance of smv resistance in tousan 140 and hourei to strains smv-g1 and g7, an ... | 2002 | 11756258 |
| radiation use efficiency and biomass production in soybean at different plant population densities. | as population density (pop) increases in a soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] crop, maximum light interception (li) occurs earlier in the season. earlier canopy closure would be expected to increase the cumulative radiation intercepted. we hypothesized that if radiation use efficiency (rue) was constant across a range of population densities in a nonstressful environment, then increasing pop would increase biomass at the end of the season. to test this hypothesis, we evaluated the response of tota ... | 2002 | 11756269 |
| soybean mosaic virus (smv) and the smv resistance gene (rsv(1)): influence on phomopsis spp. seed infection in an aphid free environment. | infection of soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] plants with soybean mosaic virus (smv) has been reported to enhance phomopsis spp. infection, which reduces seed quality. the timing and incidence of smv infection depends largely upon the level of primary inoculum and aphid-activity. two field experiments were conducted in aphid-free environments, to examine the influence of (i) smv-infection, and (ii) smv-resistance alleles of the rsv(1) gene, on the incidence of phomopsis spp. seed infection. in t ... | 2002 | 11756270 |
| genetic and sequence analysis of markers tightly linked to the soybean mosaic virus resistance gene, rsv3. | soybean mosaic virus (smv) is a major viral pathogen, affecting soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] production worldwide. the rsv3 gene of soybean confers resistance to three of the most virulent strains (g5-g7) of smv. the objectives of this study were to map rsv3 and develop polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based markers for marker-assisted selection (mas) purposes. disease-response data were collected from two f(2) mapping populations, l29 (rsv3) x lee68 (rsv3) and tousan 140 (rsv3) x lee68 (rsv3 ... | 2002 | 11756284 |
| quantitative trait loci in two soybean recombinant inbred line populations segregating for yield and disease resistance. | molecular makers linked to quantitative trait loci (qtl) can assist soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] breeders to combine traits of low heritability, such as yield, with disease resistance. the objective of this study was to identify markers linked to yield qtl in two recombinant inbred line (ril) populations ['essex' x 'forrest' (exf; n = 100) and 'flyer' x 'hartwig' (fxh; n = 94)] that also segregate for soybean cyst nematode (scn) resistance genes (rhg1 and rhg4). each population was yield tes ... | 2002 | 11756285 |
| co-inoculation with bacillus sp. cect 450 improves nodulation in phaseolus vulgaris l. | the strain bacillus sp. cect 450 increased nodulation on bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) when co-inoculated with rhizobium tropici ciat 899. this positive effect occured under controlled conditions on perlite-vermiculite, sand, or in a mixture of soil and sand. this increase was also observed in a field assay. nodulation kinetic studies suggested that the synergistic effect is pronounced during the latter stages of cultivation. in contrast, the same bacteria co-inoculated with bradyrhizobium japoni ... | 2001 | 11766056 |
| relationships among dietary roasted soybeans, milk components, and spontaneous oxidized flavor of milk. | relationships among dietary roasted whole soybeans (rsb), milk fatty acid profile, and the development of spontaneous oxidized flavor of milk were investigated by using 20 commercial dairy herds. diets contained 0 to 15.3% of dry matter as rsb. concentrations of dietary rsb were correlated positively with concentrations of c18:2 and c18:3 in milk fat. concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and ascorbic acid in milk decreased from 0 to 3 d of storage (4 degrees c), and oxidized flavor ... | 2001 | 11768085 |
| physical mapping of resistant and susceptible soybean genomes near the soybean cyst nematode resistance gene rhg4. | the soybean cyst nematode (scn), heterodera glycines ichinohe, is the foremost pest of soybean (glycine max l. merr.). the rhg1 allele on linkage group (lg) g and the rhg4 allele on lg a2 are important in conditioning resistance. markers closely linked to the rhg4 locus were used previously to screen a library of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones from susceptible 'williams 82' and identified a single 150-kb bac, gm_isb001_056_g02 (56g2). end-sequenced subclones positioned onto a restr ... | 2001 | 11768209 |
| mapping genes conferring resistance to phytophthora root rot of soybean, rps1a and rps7. | a linkage map was constructed for two phytophthora sojae kauf. +gerd. root rot resistance genes, rps1a and rps7, in soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers. an f2 population consisting of 81 individuals derived from a cross between ox281, which carries rps7, and mukden, which carries rps1a, was used as the mapping population. a linkage map consisting of 10 ssr markers was first constructed using the computer software mapmaker/exp 3.0. rps1a a ... | 2001 | 11773256 |
| the nodulin vfenod18 is an atp-binding protein in infected cells of vicia faba l. nodules. | recently we described the novel nodulin gene vfenod18, whose corresponding transcripts were restricted to the nitrogen-fixing zone iii of broad bean root nodules. to characterize vfenod18 on the protein level, polyclonal antibodies were generated using the purified recombinant vfenod18 protein produced in escherichia coli by employing the pmal-c expression system. these antibodies recognized immunoreactive proteins isolated from indeterminate nodules of different leguminous plants, but also from ... | 2001 | 11785936 |
| molecular cloning, functional characterization, and subcellular localization of soybean nodule dihydrolipoamide reductase. | nodule ferric leghemoglobin reductase (flbr) and leaf dihydrolipoamide reductase (dldh) belong to the same family of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases. we report here the cloning, expression, and characterization of a second protein with flbr activity, flbr-2, from soybean (glycine max) nodules. the cdna is 1,779 bp in length and codes for a precursor protein comprising a 30-residue mitochondrial transit peptide and a 470-residue mature protein of 50 kd. the derived protein has consi ... | 2002 | 11788775 |
| survey of fusarium moniliforme (f. verticillioides) and production of fumonisin b1 in cereal grains and oilseeds in zimbabwe. | in a national survey carried out in 1995 and 1996, the distribution of fusarium moniliforme (= f. verticillioides) and fumonisin b1 (fb1) levels in cereals and oilseeds from zimbabwe were analyzed. the results of this study showed that the incidence of f. moniliforme and other fusarium species and levels of fb1 generally decreased from regions with high rainfall and annual moderate temperatures to low rainfall regions. there was no fusarium contamination and fb1 was not detected in sunflowers an ... | 2001 | 11789932 |
| nolx of sinorhizobium fredii usda257, a type iii-secreted protein involved in host range determination, iis localized in the infection threads of cowpea (vigna unguiculata [l.] walp) and soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) nodules. | sinorhizobium fredii usda257 forms nitrogen-fixing nodules on soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) in a cultivar-specific manner. this strain forms nodules on primitive soybean cultivars but fails to nodulate agronomically improved north american cultivars. soybean cultivar specificity is regulated by the nolxwbtuv locus, which encodes part of a type iii secretion system (ttss). nolx, a soybean cultivar specificity protein, is secreted by ttss and shows homology to hrpf of the plant pathogen xanthom ... | 2002 | 11790754 |
| isolation and characterization of a cdna from soybean and its homolog from escherichia coli, which both complement the light sensitivity of escherichia coli hemh mutant strain vs101. | using escherichia coli strain vs101, whose hemh gene encoding the ferrochelatase is partially defective, we isolated and analyzed a clone (designated xwh-1) from a x phage library of soybean (glycine max) cdna, which exhibited weak complementation activity against the light sensitivity of vs101. in vs101 bacteria lysogenized with lambdawh-1, a significant decrease in accumulation of protoporphyrin ix (proto ix) was detected as compared with that in non-lysogenic bacteria. on the other hand, in t ... | 2001 | 11817648 |
| effects of high-protein/low-carbohydrate swine diets during the final finishing phase on pork muscle quality. | the aim of this study was to lower the glycogen stores in pork muscle in order to improve pork muscle quality by feeding an ultra-high-protein/low-carbohydrate (hipro) diet. forty-eight barrows (average live weight = 92 kg) were assigned across five treatments and two replications (four or five pigs per treatment by replication combination). all barrows were fed a control diet (13.1% cp) until their assigned treatment began. a treatment was the number of days the barrows were fed the hipro diet ... | 2002 | 11831511 |
| effects of lifelong dietary exposure to genistein or nonylphenol on amphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release in male and female rats. | estrogen modulates baseline and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine (da) release in the adult female rat striatum. the isoflavone found in soybeans, genistein, is a phytoestrogen and may have comparable effects on striatal da levels. similarly, the industrial intermediate and potential endocrine disrupter, para-nonylphenol, has estrogen-like effects. here, sprague-dawley rats were continuously exposed to phytoestrogen-free diets containing 0, 100, or 500 ppm genistein (experiment 1) or 0 or 200, or ... | 2002 | 11836070 |
| transgenic production of epoxy fatty acids by expression of a cytochrome p450 enzyme from euphorbia lagascae seed. | seed oils of a number of asteraceae and euphorbiaceae species are enriched in 12-epoxyoctadeca-cis-9-enoic acid (vernolic acid), an unusual 18-carbon delta(12)-epoxy fatty acid with potential industrial value. it has been previously demonstrated that the epoxy group of vernolic acid is synthesized by the activity of a delta(12)-oleic acid desaturase-like enzyme in seeds of the asteraceae crepis palaestina and vernonia galamensis. in contrast, results from metabolic studies have suggested the inv ... | 2002 | 11842164 |
| divergent members of a soybean (glycine max l.) 4-coumarate:coenzyme a ligase gene family. | 4-coumarate:coa ligase (4cl) is involved in the formation of coenzyme a thioesters of hydroxycinnamic acids that are central substrates for subsequent condensation, reduction, and transfer reactions in the biosynthesis of plant phenylpropanoids. previous studies of 4cl appear to suggest that many isoenzymes are functionally equivalent in supplying substrates to various subsequent branches of phenylpropanoid biosyntheses. in contrast, divergent members of a 4cl gene family were identified in soyb ... | 2002 | 11856365 |
| fish oil and extruded soybeans fed in combination increase conjugated linoleic acids in milk of dairy cows more than when fed separately. | eight multiparous holstein and four multiparous brown swiss (78 +/- 43 dim) cows were used in a 4 x 4 latin square with 28-d periods to evaluate if feeding fish oil with a source of linoleic acid (extruded soybeans) would stimulate additional amounts of conjugated linoleic acid in milk. four treatments consisted of a control diet with a 50:50 ratio of forage to concentrate (dm basis), a control diet with 2% added fat from either menhaden fish oil or extruded soybeans, or a combination of fish oi ... | 2002 | 11860116 |
| digestibility by dairy cows of monosaccharide constituents in total mixed rations containing citrus pulp. | ten lactating cows were divided into two groups and individually fed ad libitum one of two experimental total mixed rations (tmr) as follows: 1) a tmr containing 20% corn grain and 10% dry citrus pulp (high corn); and 2) a tmr containing 21% citrus pulp and 9% corn grain (high citrus pulp). both tmr also contained corn silage (28%), legume haylage (19.5%), extruded full fat soybeans (13.5 to 14%), soybean meal (6.5%), and minerals and vitamins. voluntary dry matter intake of cows consuming the h ... | 2002 | 11860125 |
| leptin in ruminants. gene expression in adipose tissue and mammary gland, and regulation of plasma concentration. | this paper reviews data on leptin gene expression in adipose tissue (at) and mammary gland of adult ruminants, as well as on plasma leptin variations, according to genetic, physiological, nutritional and environmental factors. at leptin mrna level was higher in sheep and goat subcutaneous than visceral tissues, and the opposite was observed in cattle; it was higher in fat than in lean selection line in sheep; it was decreased by undernutrition and increased by refeeding in cattle and sheep, and ... | 2001 | 11872321 |
| the aquatic budding bacterium blastobacter denitrificans is a nitrogen-fixing symbiont of aeschynomene indica. | blastobacter spp. are freshwater bacteria that form rosette structures by cellular attachment to a common base. comparative analyses of ribosomal 16s rrna gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequences indicated that b. denitrificans is a member of the alpha-subdivision of proteobacteria. among the alpha-proteobacteria, b. denitrificans was related to a cluster of genera, including rhodopseudomonas palustris, afipia felis, nitrobacter hamburgensis, and bradyrhizobium spp. although the p ... | 2002 | 11872460 |