| cucumber possesses a single terminal alternative oxidase gene that is upregulated by cold stress and in the mosaic (msc) mitochondrial mutants. | alternative oxidase (aox) is a mitochondrial terminal oxidase which is responsible for an alternative route of electron transport in the respiratory chain. this nuclear-encoded enzyme is involved in a major path of survival under adverse conditions by transfer of electrons from ubiquinol instead of the main cytochrome pathway. aox protects against unexpected inhibition of the cytochrome c oxidase pathway and plays an important role in stress tolerance. two aox subfamilies (aox1 and aox2) exist i ... | 2017 | 26752808 |
| sea cucumbers with an anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells and subcutaneous but not on epicardial adipose tissue. | epicardial adipose tissue (eat) from patients with coronary artery disease (cad) contains higher levels of inflammatory proteins and lower adiponectin levels than subcutaneous adipose tissue (sat), enhancing the progression of atherosclerosis. since products from sea cucumber have anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated its effect on eat, sat and endothelial cells. | 2016 | 26738438 |
| follow-me: a new start-and-stop method for visual animal tracking in biology research. | very frequently, research in biology and ethology requires visual tracking of live animals, such as insects, rodents and fish. the challenge is particularly difficult in the aquatic environment because of the light scattering effect of water: reflections and refractions, low contrast and resolution images, noise, and also due to the unpredictable animal behavior. this paper describes a new tracking method that is based in start and stop detection. when the animals stop or move very slowly, a pre ... | 2015 | 26736372 |
| loss-of-function mutations in csmlo1 confer durable powdery mildew resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | powdery mildew (pm) is a serious fungal disease of cucumber worldwide. the identification of resistance genes is very important for resistance breeding to ensure cucumber production. here, natural loss-of-function mutations at an mlo homologous locus, csmlo1, were found to confer durable pm resistance in cucumber. csmlo1 encoded a cell membrane protein, was mainly expressed in leaves and cotyledons, and was up-regulated by pm at the early stage of host-pathogen interaction. ectopic expression of ... | 2015 | 26734050 |
| production of bioherbicide by phoma sp. in a stirred-tank bioreactor. | the objective of this work was to produce an herbicide by submerged fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor and to assess the potential herbicidal in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and in a detached leaves of cucumis sativus var species. wisconsin (cucumber) and sorghum bicolor (sorghum) species. fermentations were carried out in a stirred-tank bioreactor with useful volume of 3l. stirring rate (40, 50, and 60 rpm) and aeration (1, 2 and 3 vvm) were the variables studied for bioherbicide produ ... | 2016 | 28330302 |
| biodiversity and distribution of the southern african sea cucumbers (echinodermata: holothuroidea). | the history of the southern african holothuroid fauna south of the tropic of capricorn, is updated and the biodiversity and distribution of the fauna discussed. all five currently recognized orders are represented, distributed over 24 families, 74 genera and 163 species. as many as 117 species are shelf forms comprising the following faunistic components : 36% indo-pacific, 12% west indian ocean, 1% atlantic and 51% endemic. four faunistic provinces are recognized : tropical indo-pacific provinc ... | 2015 | 26701531 |
| a short biography of hubert ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph die seewalzen (1889-1892). | the dates of publication of hubert ludwig's (1852-1913) comprehensive monograph die seewalzen [= sea cucumbers] are reviewed. the precise publication dates of his volume, originally published in 16 fascicles and 8 parts/issues, delivered between 1889 and 1892, has been re-examined. additionally, a short biographical note on hubert ludwig's life and a discussion of all new taxa introduced by him in his monograph is given. | 2015 | 26701433 |
| the complete chloroplast genome sequence of cucumis sativus var. hardwickii, the wild progenitor of cultivated cucumber. | the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii) was determined and characterized in this study. the genome is of 155 277 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats regions (irs) of 25 198 bp, which are separated by a large single-copy region of 86 618 bp and a small single-copy region of 18 263 bp. the wild cucumber chloroplast genome has 130 known genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal rna genes, and 37 trna genes. among these ... | 2016 | 26681521 |
| glutathione-dependent induction of local and systemic defense against oxidative stress by exogenous melatonin in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | melatonin is involved in defending against oxidative stress caused by various environmental stresses in plants. in this study, the roles of exogenous melatonin in regulating local and systemic defense against photooxidative stress in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and the involvement of redox signaling were examined. foliar or rhizospheric treatment with melatonin enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress in both melatonin-treated leaves and untreated systemic leaves. increased melatonin levels ar ... | 2016 | 26681257 |
| toxicity to diaphania hyalinata, selectivity to non-target species and phytotoxicity of furanones and phthalide analogues. | despite being of great importance to crop protection, the disadvantages of intensive and inappropriate use of pesticides have stimulated the search for more selective and less harmful agrochemicals. thus, we have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 synthetic molecules (phthalides and precursors) to control the melonworm diaphania hyalinata, a key pest in cucurbit crops of economic importance in brazil. the selectivity to beneficial organisms solenopsis saevissima and tetragonisca angustula and the ... | 2016 | 26679429 |
| fine mapping of a dominantly inherited powdery mildew resistance major-effect qtl, pm1.1, in cucumber identifies a 41.1 kb region containing two tandemly arrayed cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase genes. | a dominantly inherited major-effect qtl for powdery mildew resistance in cucumber was fine mapped. two tandemly arrayed cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase genes were identified as the most possible candidates. powdery mildew (pm) is one of the most severe fungal diseases of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and other cucurbit crops, but the molecular genetic mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in cucurbits are still poorly understood. in this study, through marker-assisted backcrossing w ... | 2016 | 26660669 |
| mitigative effects of spermidine on photosynthesis and carbon-nitrogen balance of cucumber seedlings under ca(no3)2 stress. | ca(no3)2 stress is one of the most serious constraints to plants production and limits the plants growth and development. application of polyamines is a convenient and effective approach for enhancing plant salinity tolerance. the present investigation aimed to discover the photosynthetic carbon-nitrogen (c-n) mechanism underlying ca(no3)2 stress tolerance by spermidine (spd) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no. 4). seedling growth and photosynthetic capacity [including net photosynthe ... | 2016 | 26659857 |
| effect of dimethyl phthalate (dmp) on germination, antioxidant system, and chloroplast ultrastructure in cucumis sativus l. | pollution of agricultural soils caused by widely employed plastic products, such as phthalic acid esters (paes), are becoming widespread in china, and they have become a threat to human health and the environment. however, little information is available on the influence of paes on vegetable crops. in this study, effects of different dimethyl phthalate (dmp) treatments (0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg l(-1)) on seed germination and growth of cucumber seedlings were investigated. although germination ... | 2016 | 26631021 |
| ethylene is involved in brassinosteroids induced alternative respiratory pathway in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings response to abiotic stress. | effects of brassinosteroids (brs) on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) abiotic stresses resistance to salt, polyethylene glycol (peg), cold and the potential mechanisms were investigated in this work. previous reports have indicated that brs can induce ethylene production and enhance alternative oxidase (aox) pathway. the mechanisms whether ethylene is involved as a signal molecule which connected br with aox in regulating stress tolerance are still unknown. here, we found that pretreatment with 1 μ ... | 2015 | 26617622 |
| a rare snp identified a tcp transcription factor essential for tendril development in cucumber. | rare genetic variants are abundant in genomes but less tractable in genome-wide association study. here we exploit a strategy of rare variation mapping to discover a gene essential for tendril development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). in a collection of >3000 lines, we discovered a unique tendril-less line that forms branches instead of tendrils and, therefore, loses its climbing ability. we hypothesized that this unusual phenotype was caused by a rare variation and subsequently identified t ... | 2015 | 26597500 |
| [regulation of biochar on matrix enzyme activities and microorganisms around cucumber roots under continuous cropping]. | the effects of addition of biochar on the matrix enzymes activity, microorganisms population and microbial community structure were evaluated under cucumber continuous cropping for 6 years (11 rotations). cucumbers were grown in pots in greenhouse with 5% or 3% of medium (by mass) substituted with biochar. the control consisted of medium alone without biochar. the results showed that the activity of peroxidase was significantly improved to the level of the first rotation crop form 30 to 120 d af ... | 2015 | 26572031 |
| phloem transcriptome signatures underpin the physiological differentiation of the pedicel, stalk and fruit of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | cucumber is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide due to its important economic and nutritional value. the cucumber fruit consists morphologically of the undesirable stalk and the tasty fruit; however, physiological differentiation of these two parts and the underlying molecular basis remain largely unknown. here we characterized the physiological differences among the pedicel, stalk and fruit, and compared the respective phloem transcriptomes using laser capture microdissection c ... | 2016 | 26568324 |
| next generation sequencing and omics in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) breeding directed research. | in the post-genomic era the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading us to novel generation methods in plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. in this study we have mainly concentrated on the cucumis sativus and (but much less) cucurbitaceae family several important vegetable crops. there are many reports on research conducted in cucurbitaceae plant breeding programs on the ripening proc ... | 2016 | 26566826 |
| purification and partial characterization of β-glucosidase in chayote (sechium edule). | β-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) is a prominent member of the gh1 family of glycoside hydrolases. the properties of this β-glucosidase appear to include resistance to temperature, urea, and iodoacetamide, and it is activated by 2-me, similar to other members. β-glucosidase from chayote (sechium edule) was purified by ionic-interchange chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. peptides detected by lc-esi-ms/ms were compared with other β-glucosidases using the blast program. this enzyme is ... | 2015 | 26561793 |
| purification and partial characterization of β-glucosidase in chayote (sechium edule). | β-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) is a prominent member of the gh1 family of glycoside hydrolases. the properties of this β-glucosidase appear to include resistance to temperature, urea, and iodoacetamide, and it is activated by 2-me, similar to other members. β-glucosidase from chayote (sechium edule) was purified by ionic-interchange chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. peptides detected by lc-esi-ms/ms were compared with other β-glucosidases using the blast program. this enzyme is ... | 2015 | 26556317 |
| first report of the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of holothuria arguinensis, a new resource for aquaculture in europe. | this work reports for the first time the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of the edible sea cucumber holothuria arguinensis from the north-eastern atlantic. h. arguinensis has high levels of protein, with the amino acids profile dominated by alanine, glycine and proline and low lysine/arginine ratios. its carbohydrate and energetic contents are also low as well as the total lipid levels, although its lipid profile is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), especially arachidonic ... | 2016 | 26551335 |
| the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii). | the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii) was generated by de novo assembly with low-coverage whole-genome sequence data. the 155 277 bp genome containing a pair of inverted repeats (irs) of 25 198 bp separated by a large single-copy region of 86 618 bp and a small single-copy region of 18 263 bp. the chloroplast genome contains 130 known genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, eight rrna genes (four kinds), and 37 trna genes (30 kinds). eighte ... | 2016 | 26540481 |
| plant uptake and distribution of endosulfan and its sulfate metabolite persisted in soil. | the distributions of endosulfan (ed) residues (α-, β-isomers, and sulfate-metabolite) in cucumbers grown in soils treated with ed at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg kg-1 were assessed using indoor and outdoor experiments. in all treatments, degradation rates of the α-isomer in soils were higher than that of the β-isomer. in the indoor tests, uptake amounts of total ed by cucumbers, after 15 d of growth, were 7.8 and 14.5 mg kg-1 in 20 and 40 mg kg-1-treated pots, respectively. for growth time fro ... | 2015 | 26529511 |
| cucumis sativus secretes 4'-ketoriboflavin under iron-deficient conditions. | a new compound in cucumber, cucumis sativus, nutrient solution that appears under iron-deficient conditions, but not under ordinary culture conditions, has been revealed by hplc analysis. the chemical structure of this compound was identified using lc-ms and nmr techniques as that of 4'-ketoriboflavin. this is the first report to show that 4'-ketoriboflavin can be found in metabolites from organisms. | 2016 | 26523955 |
| identification and mapping of tril, a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene involved in multicellular trichome initiation in cucumis sativus. | using map-based cloning of tril gene, we identified a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene involved in the initiation of multicellular trichomes (including the spines of fruit) in cucumber. | 2016 | 26518574 |
| purification and partial characterization of β-glucosidase in chayote (sechium edule). | β-glucosidase (ec 3.2.1.21) is a prominent member of the gh1 family of glycoside hydrolases. the properties of this β-glucosidase appear to include resistance to temperature, urea, and iodoacetamide, and it is activated by 2-me, similar to other members. β-glucosidase from chayote (sechium edule) was purified by ionic-interchange chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. peptides detected by lc-esi-ms/ms were compared with other β-glucosidases using the blast program. this enzyme is ... | 2015 | 26512637 |
| atmospheric humidity influences oviposition rate of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) through morphological responses of host cucumis sativus leaves. | we investigated the effects of morphology of host cucumber, cucumis sativus l., leaves acclimatized to different atmospheric humidity levels on oviposition by adult females of the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch. cucumber seedlings were grown at a vapor pressure deficit (vpd) of 0.4, 1.9, or 3.0 kpa at 28°c (90%, 50%, or 20% relative humidity, respectively) in growth chambers until the second true leaves had expanded. adult females of t. urticae were released on the adaxial surf ... | 2016 | 26511981 |
| analysis of apoptosis in ultraviolet-induced sea cucumber (stichopus japonicus) melting using terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dutp nick end-labeling assay and cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. | the sea cucumber body wall melting phenomenon occurs under certain circumstances, and the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. this study investigated the apoptosis in the ultraviolet (uv)-induced sea cucumber melting phenomenon. fresh sea cucumbers (stichopus japonicus) were exposed to uv radiation for half an hour at an intensity of 0.056 mw/cm(2) and then held at room temperature for melting development. the samples were histologically processed into formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ... | 2015 | 26484758 |
| interspecific hybridization in cucumis leads to the divergence of phenotypes in response to low light and extended photoperiods. | with the aim of improving shade tolerance of cucumber, cucumis × hytivus, a newly synthesized allotetraploid, was obtained by crossing a shade tolerant wild relative, cucumis hystrix, with a cultivated cucumber, cucumis sativus l. 'bejingjietou.' the results show that the new c. × hytivus only partly is an intermediate hybrid and it has not only chlorophyll deficiency, which recovers during leaf development, but also lower carotenoid content. three light conditions with the combination of differ ... | 2015 | 26483817 |
| water status related root-to-shoot communication regulates the chilling tolerance of shoot in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants. | although root-to-shoot communication has been intensively investigated in plants under drought, few studies have examined root-to-shoot communication under chilling. here we explored whether root-to-shoot communication contributes to the chilling-light tolerance of cucumber shoots and clarified the key signal involves in this communication. after leaf discs chilling-light treatment, the photoinhibitions of photosystem i (psi) and photosystem ii (psii) were similar in leaf discs of two cucumber v ... | 2015 | 26471979 |
| a transposable element insertion in the susceptibility gene csamlo8 results in hypocotyl resistance to powdery mildew in cucumber. | powdery mildew (pm) is an important disease of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). csamlo8 was previously identified as a candidate susceptibility gene for pm in cucumber, for two reasons: 1) this gene clusters phylogenetically in clade v, which has previously been shown to harbour all known mlo-like susceptibility genes for pm identified in dicot species; 2) this gene co-localizes with a qtl on chromosome 5 for hypocotyl-specific resistance to pm. | 2015 | 26453551 |
| abscisic acid regulation of root hydraulic conductivity and aquaporin gene expression is crucial to the plant shoot growth enhancement caused by rhizosphere humic acids. | the physiological and metabolic mechanisms behind the humic acid-mediated plant growth enhancement are discussed in detail. experiments using cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants show that the shoot growth enhancement caused by a structurally well-characterized humic acid with sedimentary origin is functionally associated with significant increases in abscisic acid (aba) root concentration and root hydraulic conductivity. complementary experiments involving a blocking agent of cell wall pores and w ... | 2015 | 26450705 |
| saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of lxr-β signaling. | sea cucumbers have been consumed as tonic, food, and nutrition supplements for many years. | 2016 | 26440226 |
| a major quantitative trait locus conferring subgynoecy in cucumber. | a major qtl conditioning high degree of femaleness in cucumber was identified by marker analysis and next generation sequencing. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a model species for sex determination studies, and its yield is associated with the degree of femaleness. subgynoecy represents a sex form with a high degree of femaleness for which the genetic basis remains elusive. in this study, genetic analysis in the f2 and bc1 populations developed from a cross between subgynoecious s-2-98 and mon ... | 2016 | 26433829 |
| inheritance and quantitative trait locus analysis of low-light tolerance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the low-light tolerance index was investigated in a set of 123 f2:3 lines during the seedling stage across 2 seasons, and the heredity of low-light tolerance was assessed via different ge-netic analysis methods. the results of the classical analysis showed that low-light tolerance is controlled by an additive-dominant poly-gene, and the polygenic inheritance rate of separate generations was >30%. in addition, 5 quantitative trait loci (qtls) exhibited a low-light tolerance index across both seas ... | 2015 | 26400292 |
| regulation of 2,4-epibrassinolide on mineral nutrient uptake and ion distribution in ca(no3)2 stressed cucumber plants. | 2,4-epibrassinolide (ebl) is a plant hormone that plays a pivotal role in regulation of plants growth and development processes under abiotic stress. the investigation was carried out to study the effect of ebl on mineral nutrients uptake and distribution with ion element analysis and x-ray microanalysis in cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no.4) under 80 mm ca(no3)2 stress. our study found ebl significantly alleviated the inhibitory of p, k, na, mg, fe, mn, or cl uptake in shoot ... | 2015 | 26398630 |
| effect of modified atmosphere packaging and storage conditions on quality characteristics of cucumber. | cucumbers (cucumis sativus l.) stored in perforated modified atmosphere packaging (map) under cold room (4 ± 1 °c and 90 ± 2 % rh) and ambient condition (23-26 °c and 63-66 % rh) were evaluated for firmness, weight loss (wl), colour, chilling injury and sensory characteristics. the firmness of cucumbers was decreased to 0.333 and 0.326 n on 6th and 12th day of storage, respectively from initial value of 0.38 n. after 12 days of storage, the wl was in the range of 1.62-12.89 % whereas the cucumbe ... | 2014 | 26396348 |
| fine genetic mapping of target leaf spot resistance gene cca-3 in cucumber, cucumis sativus l. | the cucumber target leaf spot resistance gene cca - 3 was fine mapped in a 79-kb region harboring a cc-nb-arc type r gene that may be responsible for the hypersensitive responses to infection of the target leaf spot pathogen in cucumber. the target leaf spot (tls) is one of the most important foliar diseases in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). in this study, we conducted fine genetic mapping of a simply inherited recessive resistance gene, cca-3 against tls with 193 f2:3 families and 890 f2 plants ... | 2015 | 26385372 |
| synteny analysis in rosids with a walnut physical map reveals slow genome evolution in long-lived woody perennials. | mutations often accompany dna replication. since there may be fewer cell cycles per year in the germlines of long-lived than short-lived angiosperms, the genomes of long-lived angiosperms may be diverging more slowly than those of short-lived angiosperms. here we test this hypothesis. | 2015 | 26383694 |
| foliar applied nanoscale and microscale ceo2 and cuo alter cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit quality. | there is lack of information about the effects of foliar applied nanoparticles on fruit quality. in this study, three week-old soil grown cucumber seedlings were foliar-exposed to nceo2, ncuo, and corresponding bulk counterparts at 50, 100, and 200mg/l. respective suspensions/solutions were sprayed to experimental units in a volume of 250ml. net photosynthesis rate (pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (e) were measured 15days after treatment application and in 74day-old plants ... | 2016 | 26351199 |
| expression patterns of genes encoding plasma membrane aquaporins during fruit development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | aquaporins are membrane channels precisely regulating water movement through cell membranes in most living organisms. despite the advances in the physiology of fruit development, their participation during fruit development in cucumber still barely understood. in this paper, the expressions of 12 genes encoding plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (pips) were analyzed during cucumber fruit development in our work. based on the homology search with known pips from rice, arabidopsis and strawberry, ... | 2015 | 26351149 |
| a novel allele of monoecious (m) locus is responsible for elongated fruit shape and perfect flowers in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | a 14 bp deletion in csacs2 gene encoding a truncated loss-of-function protein is responsible for elongated fruit shape and perfect flowers in cucumber. in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), sex expression and fruit shape are important components of biological and marketable yield. the association of fruit shape and sex expression is a very interesting phenomenon. the sex determination is controlled primarily by the f (female) and m (monoecy) loci. homozygous recessive mm plants bear bisexual (perfec ... | 2015 | 26350497 |
| studies of pesticide residues in tomatoes and cucumbers from kazakhstan and the associated health risks. | the aim of the present study was to assess the level of pesticide residues in vegetables in the almaty region of kazakhstan and to determine the potential health risks associated with the exposures to these pesticides. a total of 82 samples of cucumbers and tomatoes from top agro-based market and greenhouses were analysed using a gas chromatography-micro electron capture detector/nitrogen-phosphorous detector (gc-μecd/npd), a multiresidue method to analyse 184 different pesticide types. the resu ... | 2015 | 26337756 |
| metabolic footprinting of lactobacillus buchneri strain la1147 during anaerobic spoilage of fermented cucumbers. | lactobacillus buchneri has recently been associated with anaerobic spoilage of fermented cucumbers due to its ability to metabolize lactic acid into acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol. however, we have limited knowledge of other chemical components in fermented cucumber that may be related to spoilage and the unique metabolic capabilities of l. buchneri. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolite profiling methods were applied for nontargeted detect ... | 2015 | 26325599 |
| lc-ms-ms analysis of urinary biomarkers of imazalil following experimental exposures. | imazalil (imz) is a fungicide used in the cultivation of vegetables, such as cucumbers, in green houses or post-harvest on fruit to avoid spoilage due to fungal growth. agricultural workers can be occupationally exposed to imz and the general public indirectly by the diet. the purpose of this study was to develop and validate an lc-ms-ms method for the analysis of imz in human urine. the method used electrospray ionization and selected reaction monitoring in the positive mode. excellent linearit ... | 2015 | 26324206 |
| hanaba taranu regulates the shoot apical meristem and leaf development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the shoot apical meristem (sam) is essential for continuous organogenesis in higher plants, while the leaf is the primary source organ and the leaf shape directly affects the efficiency of photosynthesis. hanaba taranu (han) encodes a gata3-type transcription factor that functions in floral organ development, sam organization, and embryo development in arabidopsis, but is involved in suppressing bract outgrowth and promoting branching in grass species. here the function of the han homologue csha ... | 2015 | 26320238 |
| by activating fas/ceramide synthase 6/p38 kinase in lipid rafts, stichoposide d inhibits growth of leukemia xenografts. | stichoposide d (std) is a marine triterpene glycoside isolated from sea cucumbers. we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of std in human leukemia cells. the role of fas (cd95), ceramide synthase 6 (cers6) and p38 kinase during std-induced apoptosis was examined in human leukemia cells. in addition, the antitumor effects of std in k562 and hl-60 leukemia xenograft models were investigated. we found that std induces fas translocation to lipid rafts, and thus mediat ... | 2015 | 26318294 |
| the effect of exogenous calcium on mitochondria, respiratory metabolism enzymes and ion transport in cucumber roots under hypoxia. | hypoxia induces plant stress, particularly in cucumber plants under hydroponic culture. in plants, calcium is involved in stress signal transmission and growth. the ultimate goal of this study was to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous calcium on the mitochondrial antioxidant system, the activity of respiratory metabolism enzymes, and ion transport in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinchun no. 2) roots under hypoxic conditions. our experiments revealed that exogeno ... | 2015 | 26304855 |
| pore-water chemistry explains zinc phytotoxicity in soil. | zinc (zn) is a widespread soil contaminant arising from a numerous anthropogenic sources. however, adequately predicting toxicity of zn to ecological receptors remains difficult due to the complexity of soil characteristics. in this study, we examined solid-solution partitioning using pore-water data and toxicity of zn to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in spiked soils. pore-water effective concentration (ecx, x=10%, 20% and 50% reduction) values were negatively related to ph, indicating lower zn ... | 2015 | 26283289 |
| cytoprotective effects of lysophospholipids from sea cucumber holothuria atra. | lysophospholipids are important signaling molecules in animals and metazoan cells. they are widely distributed among marine invertebrates, where their physiological roles are unknown. sea cucumbers produce unique lysophospholipids. in this study, two lysophospholipids were detected in holothuria atra for the first time, lyso-platelet activating factor and lysophosphatidylcholine, with nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses. the lipid fract ... | 2015 | 26275144 |
| on some sea cucumbers (echinodermata: holothuroidea) from off the south and west coasts of south africa collected by the south african environmental and observation network (saeon). | twenty four specimens of holothuroids recently received from the south african environmental and observation network (saeon), collected from off the south and west coasts of south africa, are herein recorded and/or described. the specimens comprise eight nominal and one indeterminate species and represent both shallow-water and deep-sea forms, distributed from plettenberg bay to just north of lambert's bay in the western cape province. there are no new species but two new records for the south a ... | 2015 | 26250325 |
| phylogeny of echinoderm hemoglobins. | recent genomic information has revealed that neuroglobin and cytoglobin are the two principal lineages of vertebrate hemoglobins, with the latter encompassing the familiar myoglobin and α-globin/β-globin tetramer hemoglobin, and several minor groups. in contrast, very little is known about hemoglobins in echinoderms, a phylum of exclusively marine organisms closely related to vertebrates, beyond the presence of coelomic hemoglobins in sea cucumbers and brittle stars. we identified about 50 hemog ... | 2015 | 26247465 |
| fine genetic mapping of the white immature fruit color gene w to a 33.0-kb region in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the white immature fruit color gene w was rapidly mapped to a 33.0-kb region to identify a valuable candidate gene that encodes peroxidase. the skin color of immature fruit is a crucial external trait of cucumbers, and white skin is shared by limited numbers of commercial cultivars. herein, one bc1 population and two f2 segregating populations were constructed using four inbred parental lines (wd3 × b-2-2 and q30 × q24) to investigate the inheritance patterns and chromosomal locations of immatur ... | 2015 | 26239410 |
| proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (stichopus japonicus) from different origins. | deep sea growth sea cucumber (stichopus japonicus) (dsg-sc) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in asia. this study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (aas) and fatty acids (fas) in dsg-scs from different origins. | 2016 | 26213246 |
| cucumarioside e from the far eastern sea cucumber cucumaria japonica (cucumariidae, dendrochirotida), new minor monosulfated holostane triterpene pentaoside with glucose as the second monosaccharide residue. | new minor triterpene glycoside, cucumarioside e (1) has been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber cucumaria japonica. the structure of the glycoside was elucidated by 2d-nmr specroscopy and mass-spectrometry. the glycoside has glucose instead of quinovose as the second monosaccharide residue and xylose as third monosaccharide residue that is unique structural feature for triterpene glycosides carbohydrate chains from sea cucumbers belonging to the genus cucumaria. | 2015 | 26197506 |
| rubrolides as model for the development of new lactones and their aza analogs as potential photosynthesis inhibitors. | natural phytotoxins and their synthetic analogs are a potential source of new bioactive compounds for agriculture. analogs of rubrolides, a class of γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones isolated from different ascidians, have been shown to interfere with the photosynthetic electron-transport chain, yet their activity needs to be improved. with this aim, ten 5-aryl-6-benzyl-4-bromopyridazin-3(2h)-ones were prepared in yields ranging from 44 to 88% by reaction of their correspondent γ-alkylidene-γ-lactones wit ... | 2015 | 26172321 |
| structures and biological activities of cladolosides c3, e1, e2, f1, f2, g, h1 and h2, eight triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber cladolabes schmeltzii with one known and four new carbohydrate chains. | eight new nonsulfated triterpene glycosides, cladolosides c3(1), e1(2), e2(3), f1(4), f2(5), g(6), h1(7) and h2(8) have been isolated from the tropical indo-west pacific sea cucumber cladolabes schmeltzii (cladolabinae, sclerodactylidae, dendrochirotida) collected in the vietnamese shallow waters. the structures of the glycosides were elucidated by 2d nmr spectroscopy and mass-spectrometry. glycosides 2, 3, 4, and 5 have pentasaccharide branched carbohydrate moieties and differ from each other b ... | 2015 | 26163830 |
| distinct physiological responses of tomato and cucumber plants in silicon-mediated alleviation of cadmium stress. | the alleviative effects of silicon (si) on cadmium (cd) toxicity were investigated in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) grown hydroponically. the growth of both plant species was inhibited by 100 μm cd, but si application counteracted the adverse effects on growth. si application significantly decreased the cd concentrations in shoots of both species and roots of cucumber. the root-to-shoot transport of cd was depressed by added si in tomato whereas it was increa ... | 2015 | 26136764 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction, by tem tomography, of the ultrastructural modifications occurring in cucumis sativus l. mitochondria under fe deficiency. | mitochondria, as recently suggested, might be involved in iron sensing and signalling pathways in plant cells. for a better understanding of the role of these organelles in mediating the fe deficiency responses in plant cells, it is crucial to provide a full overview of their modifications occurring under fe-limited conditions. the aim of this work is to characterize the ultrastructural as well as the biochemical changes occurring in leaf mitochondria of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants grow ... | 2015 | 26107946 |
| distinct structures of the α-fucose branches in fucosylated chondroitin sulfates do not affect their anticoagulant activity. | fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs) is a glycosaminoglycan found in sea cucumbers. it has a backbone like that of mammalian chondroitin sulfate (4-β-d-glca-1→3-β-d-galnac-1)n but substituted at the 3rd position of the β-d-glururonic acid residues with α-fucose branches. the structure of these branches varies among fcss extracted from different species of sea cucumbers, as revealed by solution nmr spectroscopy. some species (isostichopus badionotus and patalus mollis) contain branches formed by ... | 2015 | 26092839 |
| basipetal auxin versus acropetal cytokinin transport, and their interaction with no3 fertilisation in cotyledon senescence and sink:source relationships in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the paramount role of cytokinins (cks) in initiation, as well as prevention, of senescence is well established. in recent years, experimental methods have become available to raise and lower the ck concentration and experimentally manipulate senescence. decapitating the apical shoot and adding the synthetic auxin naphthylacetic acid to the cut stem reduced endogenous cks to low levels. conversely, if no auxin was applied, xylem and leaf ck levels increased dramatically, indicating that basipolar ... | 2015 | 26084820 |
| chemical fucosylation of a polysaccharide: a semisynthetic access to fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. | chemical o-glycosylation of polysaccharides is an almost unexplored reaction. this is mainly due to the difficulties in derivatizing such complex biomacromolecules in a quantitative manner and with a fine control of the obtained structural parameters. in this work, chondroitin raw material from a microbial source was chemo- and regioselectively protected to give two polysaccharide intermediates, that acted in turn as glycosyl acceptors in fucosylation reactions. further manipulations on the fuco ... | 2015 | 26083095 |
| a single base substitution in badh/amadh is responsible for fragrance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), and development of snap markers for the fragrance. | sequence analysis revealed that an snp (a1855g) in csbadh of cucumber accession pk2011t202 causes amino acid change in a highly conserved motif, y163c. gene mapping showed association between the snp and the fragrance. pandan-like fragrance is a value-added trait in several food crops such as rice, vegetable soybean and sorghum. the fragrance is caused by the volatile chemical 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap). mutation(s) in betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2; also known as aminoaldehyde dehydrog ... | 2015 | 26081947 |
| identification and characterization of cucumber micrornas in response to pseudoperonospora cubensis infection. | micrornas (mirnas) regulate the expression of genes related to several stress responses, including fungal infection, in plants. however, the mirna-mediated gene regulatory networks in cucumbers that respond to pseudoperonospora cubensis stress remain unexplored. in this study, the mirna expression patterns in response to p. cubensis stress in cucumbers were investigated through high-throughput sequencing. a total of 123 known mirnas and 4 novel mirnas were identified, and their corresponding exp ... | 2015 | 26071186 |
| qtl mapping in multiple populations and development stages reveals dynamic quantitative trait loci for fruit size in cucumbers of different market classes. | qtl analysis in multi-development stages with different qtl models identified 12 consensus qtls underlying fruit elongation and radial growth presenting a dynamic view of genetic control of cucumber fruit development. fruit size is an important quality trait in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) of different market classes. however, the genetic and molecular basis of fruit size variations in cucumber is not well understood. in this study, we conducted qtl mapping of fruit size in cucumber using f2, f ... | 2015 | 26048092 |
| reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for high-throughput molecular profiling of sea cucumber cerebrosides. | usually, the chemical structures of cerebrosides in sea creatures are more complicated than those from terrestrial plants and animals. very little is known about the method for high-throughput molecular profiling of cerebrosides in sea cucumbers. in this study, cerebrosides from four species of edible sea cucumbers, specifically, apostichopus japonicas, thelenota ananas, acaudina molpadioides and bohadschia marmorata, were rapidly identified using reversed-phase liquid chromatography-quadrupole- ... | 2015 | 26037520 |
| cucumis sativus l. wax2 plays a pivotal role in wax biosynthesis, influencing pollen fertility and plant biotic and abiotic stress responses. | cuticular waxes play an important part in protecting plant aerial organs from biotic and abiotic stresses. in previous studies, the biosynthetic pathway of cuticular waxes and relative functional genes has been researched and understood; however, little is known in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). in this study, we cloned and characterized an atwax2 homolog, cswax2, in cucumber and found that it is highly expressed in the epidermis, where waxes are synthesized, while subcellular localization showe ... | 2015 | 26023108 |
| silicon improves salt tolerance by increasing root water uptake in cucumis sativus l. | silicon enhances root water uptake in salt-stressed cucumber plants through up-regulating aquaporin gene expression. osmotic adjustment is a genotype-dependent mechanism for silicon-enhanced water uptake in plants. silicon can alleviate salt stress in plants. however, the mechanism is still not fully understood, and the possible role of silicon in alleviating salt-induced osmotic stress and the underlying mechanism still remain to be investigated. in this study, the effects of silicon (0.3 mm) o ... | 2015 | 26021845 |
| novel use of pit tags in sea cucumbers: promising results with the commercial species cucumaria frondosa. | the lack of a reliable and innocuous mark-recapture method has limited studies that would provide essential information for the management of commercial sea cucumbers. tagging sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult because of their plastic nature and autolysis capacities. the markers that have so far been tested, mainly on or through the body wall, were either lost rapidly or had major drawbacks (e.g. suitable only for batch identification, requiring complex analysis, causing infections, necrosi ... | 2015 | 26011165 |
| [responses of non-structural carbohydrate metabolism of cucumber seedlings to drought stress and doubled co2 concentration]. | the effects of doubled co2 concentration on non-structural carbohydrate metabolism of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. 'jinyou no.1') seedlings under drought stress were investigated. split plot design was deployed, with two levels of co2 concentrations (ambient co2 concentration, 380 µmol . mol-1, and doubled co2 concentration, 760±20 µmol . mol-1) in the main plots, and three levels of water treatments (control, moderate drought stress, and severe drought stress) simulated by peg 6000 in the s ... | 2015 | 25985653 |
| sea cucumbers metabolites as potent anti-cancer agents. | sea cucumbers and their extracts have gained immense popularity and interest among researchers and nutritionists due to their nutritive value, potential health benefits, and use in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. many areas of the world use sea cucumbers in traditional foods and folk medicine. though the actual components and their specific functions still remain to be investigated, most sea cucumber extracts are being studied for their anti-inflammatory functions, immunostimulat ... | 2015 | 25984989 |
| consumer acceptability of cucumber pickles produced by fermentation in calcium chloride brine for reduced environmental impact. | fermentation of cucumbers in calcium chloride (cacl2 ) brine has been proposed as an alternative process to reduce the environmental impact of traditional, high salt fermentations. the objective of this research was to determine whether consumer acceptability of pickle products would be impacted by fermentation and storage of cucumbers in cacl2 brine. cucumbers were fermented and stored with 0.1m cacl2 or 1m sodium chloride (nacl) in open-air, 3000 gal tanks at a commercial facility and processe ... | 2015 | 25981784 |
| genome-wide identification of mapk, mapkk, and mapkkk gene families and transcriptional profiling analysis during development and stress response in cucumber. | the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascade consists of three types of reversibly phosphorylated kinases, namely, mapk, mapk kinase (mapkk/mek), and mapk kinase kinase (mapkkk/mekk), playing important roles in plant growth, development, and defense response. the mapk cascade genes have been investigated in detail in model plants, including arabidopsis, rice, and tomato, but poorly characterized in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a major popular vegetable in cucurbitaceae crops, which is h ... | 2015 | 25976104 |
| chromosome-specific painting in cucumis species using bulked oligonucleotides. | chromosome-specific painting is a powerful technique in molecular cytogenetic and genome research. we developed an oligonucleotide (oligo)-based chromosome painting technique in cucumber (cucumis sativus) that will be applicable in any plant species with a sequenced genome. oligos specific to a single chromosome of cucumber were identified using a newly developed bioinformatic pipeline and then massively synthesized de novo in parallel. the synthesized oligos were amplified and labeled with biot ... | 2015 | 25971668 |
| phloem sap proteome studied by itraq provides integrated insight into salinity response mechanisms in cucumber plants. | cucumber is an economically important crop as well as a model system for plant vascular biology. salinity is one of the major environmental factors limiting plant growth. here, we used an itraq-based quantitative proteomics approach for comparative analysis of protein abundances in cucumber phloem sap in response to salt. a total of 745 distinct proteins were identified and 111 proteins were differentially expressed upon salinity in sensitive and tolerant cultivars, of which 69 and 65 proteins c ... | 2015 | 25958826 |
| ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of mechanically adaptable collagenous structures in the edible sea urchin paracentrotus lividus. | the viscoelastic properties of vertebrate connective tissues rarely undergo significant changes within physiological timescales, the only major exception being the reversible destiffening of the mammalian uterine cervix at the end of pregnancy. in contrast to this, the connective tissues of echinoderms (sea urchins, starfish, sea cucumbers, etc.) can switch reversibly between stiff and compliant conditions in timescales of around a second to minutes. elucidation of the molecular mechanism underl ... | 2015 | 25958104 |
| mass spectrometry imaging analysis of location of procymidone in cucumber samples. | the localization of procymidone fungicide residue in cucumbers was investigated by mass spectrometry imaging (msi). cucumbers were grown, harvested, and then divided into two groups that were either sprayed or not sprayed with procymidone. the content of procymidone in the cucumbers was quantitatively determined by chromatographic techniques. subsequently, the spatial distribution of procymidone was imaged by msi. procymidone reached the central part of the cucumbers following spraying compared ... | 2015 | 25943531 |
| triterpene glycosides of sea cucumbers (holothuroidea, echinodermata) as taxonomic markers. | triterpene glycosides are characteristic metabolites of sea cucumbers (holothurioidea, echinodermata). the majority of the glycosides belong to the holostane type {lanostane derivatives with an 18(20)-lactone}. carbohydrate chains of these glycosides contain xylose, glucose, quinovose, 3-o-methylglucose, and, rarely, 3-o-methylxylose, 3-o-methylglucuronic acid, 3-o-methylquinovose, and 6-o-acetyl-glucose. the glycosides are specific for genera, groups of genera and even for species. the advantag ... | 2015 | 25920212 |
| gut-spilling in chordates: evisceration in the tropical ascidian polycarpa mytiligera. | the ejection of internal organs, i.e., evisceration, is a well-known phenomenon in sea-cucumbers. we report the ability of a member of the chordate phyla, the tropical ascidian polycarpa mytiligera, to eviscerate and regenerate its gut within 12 days, and to rebuild its branchial sac within 19 days. evisceration occurred within 4-43 seconds of gentle mechanical pressure exerted on the tunic in 47% of the tested p. mytiligera. individuals were able to discard up to 3/4 of their digestive tract vi ... | 2015 | 25880620 |
| ultrahigh-density linkage map for cultivated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) using a single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array. | genotyping arrays are tools for high-throughput genotyping, which is beneficial in constructing saturated genetic maps and therefore high-resolution mapping of complex traits. since the report of the first cucumber genome draft, genetic maps have been constructed mainly based on simple-sequence repeats (ssrs) or on combinations of ssrs and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap). in this study, we developed the first cucumber genotyping array consisting of 32,864 single-nucleotide polymor ... | 2015 | 25874931 |
| the mosaic mutants of cucumber: a method to produce knock-downs of mitochondrial transcripts. | cytoplasmic effects on plant performance are well-documented and result from the intimate interaction between organellar and nuclear gene products. in plants, deletions, mutations, or chimerism of mitochondrial genes are often associated with deleterious phenotypes, as well as economically important traits such as cytoplasmic male sterility used to produce hybrid seed. presently, genetic analyses of mitochondrial function and nuclear interactions are limited because there is no method to efficie ... | 2015 | 25873637 |
| structural analysis and anticoagulant activities of the novel sulfated fucan possessing a regular well-defined repeating unit from sea cucumber. | sulfated fucans, the complex polysaccharides, exhibit various biological activities. herein, we purified two fucans from the sea cucumbers holothuria edulis and ludwigothurea grisea. their structures were verified by means of hpgpc, ft-ir, gc-ms and nmr. as a result, a novel structural motif for this type of polymers is reported. the fucans have a unique structure composed of a central core of regular (1→2) and (1→3)-linked tetrasaccharide repeating units. approximately 50% of the units from l. ... | 2015 | 25871288 |
| acute phytotoxicity of seven metals alone and in mixture: are italian soil threshold concentrations suitable for plant protection? | metals can pollute soils in both urban and rural areas with severe impacts on the health of humans, plants and animals living there. information on metal toxicity is therefore important for ecotoxicology. this study investigated the phytotoxicity of different metals frequently found as pollutants in soils: arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, nickel and zinc. cucumber (cucumis sativus), sorghum (sorghum saccharatum) and cress (lepidium sativum) seeds were used as models for other plants us ... | 2015 | 25841179 |
| sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate preservatives in food stuffs in iran. | a high-performance liquid chromatography method was applied for the determination of the levels of benzoate and sorbate in 400 food samples, including pickled cucumbers, canned tomato pastes, sour cherry jams, soft drinks, fruit juices and dairy products (uf-feta cheeses, lighvan cheeses, lactic cheeses, yogurts and doogh). the results showed that 270 (67.5%) of all samples contained benzoate ranging from 11.9 to 288.5 mg kg(-1) in lactic cheese and fruit juice, respectively. the levels of sorba ... | 2015 | 25832450 |
| an accumulation and replication of chloroplasts 5 gene mutation confers light green peel in cucumber. | the peel color of fruit is an important commercial trait in cucumber, but the underlying molecular basis is largely unknown. a mutant showing light green exocarp was discovered from ethyl methane sulfonate (ems) mutagenized cucumber line 406 with dark green exocarp. genetic analysis showed the mutant phenotype is conferred by a single recessive gene, here designated as lgp (light green peel). by re-sequencing of bulked segregants, we identified the candidate gene csa7g051430 encoding accumulatio ... | 2015 | 25819550 |
| putative mechanism for apoptosis-inducing properties of crude saponin isolated from sea cucumber (holothuria leucospilota) as an antioxidant compound. | marine organisms are known as a potential source of natural products, which contain bioactive substances with therapeutic properties. sea cucumbers are prominent among marine organisms because of their dietary and therapeutic applications. in addition, they have capacity of synthesizing saponins molecules and other metabolites with therapeutic properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and pro-a ... | 2015 | 25810893 |
| genome-wide identification, characterization and evolutionary analysis of long intergenic noncoding rnas in cucumber. | long intergenic noncoding rnas (lincrnas) are intergenic transcripts with a length of at least 200 nt that lack coding potential. emerging evidence suggests that lincrnas from animals participate in many fundamental biological processes. however, the systemic identification of lincrnas has been undertaken in only a few plants. we chose to use cucumber (cucumis sativus) as a model to analyze lincrnas due to its importance as a model plant for studying sex differentiation and fruit development and ... | 2015 | 25799544 |
| profiling of volatile compounds and associated gene expression and enzyme activity during fruit development in two cucumber cultivars. | changes in volatile content, as well as associated gene expression and enzyme activity in developing cucumber fruits were investigated in two cucumis sativus l. lines (no. 26 and no. 14) that differ significantly in fruit flavor. total volatile, six-carbon (c6) aldehyde, linolenic and linoleic acid content were higher during the early stages, whereas the nine-carbon (c9) aldehyde content was higher during the latter stages in both lines. expression of c. sativus hydroperoxide lyase (cshpl) mirro ... | 2015 | 25799542 |
| phytotoxicity of zno nanoparticles and the released zn(ii) ion to corn (zea mays l.) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) during germination. | toxicity of engineered nanoparticles on organisms is of concern worldwide due to their extensive use and unique properties. the impacts of zno nanoparticles (zno nps) on seed germination and root elongation of corn (zea mays l.) and cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were investigated in this study. the role of seed coats of corn in the mitigation toxicity of nanoparticles was also evaluated. zno nps (1,000 mg l(-1)) reduced root length of corn and cucumber by 17 % (p < 0.05) and 51 % (p < 0.05), res ... | 2015 | 25794580 |
| phylogenomic analyses of echinodermata support the sister groups of asterozoa and echinozoa. | echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, brittle stars, sea lilies and sea cucumbers) are a group of diverse organisms, second in number within deuterostome species to only the chordates. echinoderms serve as excellent model systems for developmental biology due to their diverse developmental mechanisms, tractable laboratory use, and close phylogenetic distance to chordates. in addition, echinoderms are very well represented in the fossil record, including some larval features, making echinoderms a ... | 2015 | 25794146 |
| non-destructive detection of pesticide residues in cucumber using visible/near-infrared spectroscopy. | the feasibility of using visible/near-infrared (vis/nir) spectroscopy was assessed for non-destructive detection of diazinon residues in intact cucumbers. vis/nir spectra of diazinon solution and cucumber samples without and with different concentrations of diazinon residue were analysed at the range of 450-1000 nm. partial least squares-discriminant analysis (pls-da) models were developed based on different spectral pre-processing techniques to classify cucumbers with contents of diazinon below ... | 2015 | 25789964 |
| [determination of 19 phthalate esters in cucumbers using quechers coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry]. | an efficient method using quechers equipped with triple quadrupole gc-ms/ms for the simultaneous detection of 19 phthalate acid ester residues in cucumbers was established. the phthalate acid esters were extracted from cucumber samples by ultrasonic with acetonitrile. the extracts were salted out and centrifuged with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. the supernatants were enriched by vacuum distillation, and then purified by c18 adsorbent. the 19 phthalate esters were separated on ... | 2014 | 25764662 |
| anticancer activity of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides. | triterpene glycosides are characteristic secondary metabolites of sea cucumbers (holothurioidea, echinodermata). they have hemolytic, cytotoxic, antifungal, and other biological activities caused by membranotropic action. these natural products suppress the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines in vitro and, more importantly, intraperitoneal administration in rodents of solutions of some sea cucumber triterpene glycosides significantly reduces both tumor burden and metastasis. the anti ... | 2015 | 25756523 |
| trehalose-6-phosphate and snf1-related protein kinase 1 are involved in the first-fruit inhibition of cucumber. | in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), the preexisting fruits inhibit the growth of subsequent fruits. to study the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we examined the sink activity, the level of free sugars, and the activity of snf1-related protein kinase 1 (snrk1) in the peduncles of two types of fruits. in the two-fruit cucumber plants, the growth rate and sink activity [evaluated by alkaline alpha-galactosidase (csaga) activity in the peduncle] of the first fruit were greater than those of the ... | 2015 | 25723473 |
| evaluation of cadmium in greenhouse soils and agricultural products of jiroft (iran) using microwave digestion prior to atomic absorption spectrometry determination. | this study determines total levels of potentially toxic trace element, cd (ii) in jiroft (kerman, iran) greenhouse soil and agricultural products that are grown in these greenhouses (tomatoes and cucumbers), and the comparison with soil outside of greenhouse using microwave digestion prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. the results show that the cadmium concentration in greenhouse soil is 0.9-1.9 mg kg(-1) and out of greenhouse is 0.4-1.0 mg kg(-1). also, cadmium concentr ... | 2015 | 25697307 |
| genome-wide analysis and expression of the calcium-dependent protein kinase gene family in cucumber. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) are multi-functional proteins that combine calcium-binding and signaling capabilities within a single gene product. current studies have shown that the cdpks regulate numerous growth and developmental processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. nonetheless, knowledge concerning the specific expression patterns and evolutionary history of the cdpk family in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) remains very limited. we, therefore, investigated the phylogen ... | 2015 | 25687625 |
| improved innate immune responses by frondanol a5, a sea cucumber extract, prevent intestinal tumorigenesis. | sea cucumbers are a source of antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer compounds. we show that sea cucumber extract frondanol a5 is capable of enhancing innate immune responses and inhibiting intestinal tumors in apc(min/+) mice. apc(min/+) mice were fed semi-purified diets containing 0, 250, or 500 ppm frondanola5 for 14 weeks before we assessed intestinal tumor inhibition. dietary frondanol a5 suppressed small intestinal polyp sizes and formation up to 30% (p < 0.02) in males and up to ... | 2015 | 25657017 |
| a review of the immune molecules in the sea cucumber. | it is very important to identify and characterize the immune-related genes that respond to pathogens. until recently, only some of the immune-related genes in sea cucumbers had been characterized. their expression patterns after pathogen challenges have been analyzed via expressed sequence tag libraries, microarray studies and proteomic approaches. these genes include lectins, antimicrobial peptides, lysozyme, enzymes, clotting protein, pattern recognition proteins, toll receptors, complement c3 ... | 2015 | 25655326 |
| synthesis of the oligosaccharides related to branching sites of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from sea cucumbers. | natural anionic polysaccharides fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fcs) from sea cucumbers attract great attention nowadays due to their ability to influence various biological processes, such as blood coagulation, thrombosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, bacterial and viral adhesion. to determine pharmacophore fragments in fcs we have started systematic synthesis of oligosaccharides with well-defined structure related to various fragments of these polysaccharides. in this communication, the synth ... | 2015 | 25648510 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals the roles of microtubule-related genes and transcription factors in fruit length regulation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit is a type of fleshy fruit that is harvested immaturely. early fruit development directly determines the final fruit length and diameter, and consequently the fruit yield and quality. different cucumber varieties display huge variations of fruit length, but how fruit length is determined at the molecular level remains poorly understood. to understand the genes and gene networks that regulate fruit length in cucumber, high throughout rna-seq data were used to co ... | 2015 | 25619948 |