| bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spbeta: localization of the prophage attachment site, and specialized transduction. | the attachment site for the prophage of spbeta lies between ilva and kaua on the chromosome of bacillus subtilis strain 168. specialized transduction of citk and kaua can be carried out by certain lysates of spbeta. | 1977 | 401505 |
| new types of rna polymerase mutations causing temperature-sensitive sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | a single site mutant of bacillus subtilis with a streptovaricin-resistant rna polymerase has been isolated; this mutation caused temperature-sensitive sporulation, but had no effect on vegetative growth. the mutant (ts710) temperature-sensitive period irreversibly affected the middle and late stages of sporulation. mutant cells grown at the nonpermissive temperature exhibited abnormal serine protease accumulation, serine esterase accumulation, alkaline phosphatase accumulation, rna polymerase te ... | 1977 | 401811 |
| bacterial surfaces as revealed by the high resolution scanning electron microscope. | | 1977 | 401869 |
| initiation and termination mutants of bacillus subtilis bacteriophage spo1. | mutants affected in cistrons 21 and 32 of bacteriophage spo1 are defective specifically in the initiation of dna replication. mutations in cistron 32 also specifically affect the termination of replication. | 1977 | 401896 |
| selective screening procedure for the isolation of heat- and cold-sensitive, dna replication-deficient mutants of bacteriophage spo1 and preliminary characterization of the mutants isolated. | a procedure is described for the selective isolation of temperature-sensitive replication-deficient mutants of bacillus subtilis phage spo1. a modification of the procedure permits the isolation of temperature-sensitive mutants in specific cistrons of interest. the applicability of these procedures to other viral systems is discussed. the mutations isolated were assigned to eight replication-deficient cistrons, with the cold-sensitive mutations showing a distribution strikingly different from th ... | 1977 | 401897 |
| bacillus subtilis dna polymerase iii is required for the replication of dna of bacteriophages spp-1 and phi 105. | the replication of the bacillus subtilis bacteriophages spp-1 and phi 105 is sensitive to 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (hpura), a selective inhibitor of replicative dna synthesis of b. subtilis which acts specifically at the levels of a replication-specific polymerase, dna polymerase iii (pol iii). the origin of the hpura-sensitive polymerase required for phage replication was examined by comparison of the drug sensitivity of phage development in a normosensitive host with that in a host carryi ... | 1977 | 401898 |
| temperate bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 3t: chromosomal attachment site and comparison with temperate bacteriophages phi 105 and spo2. | the temperate bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 3t contains within its genome a locus, designated thyp3, that encodes for a protein with thymidylate synthetase activity. bacteriophage phi 3t is different from the two previously characterized temperate phages, phi 105 and spo2, in: heteroimmunity, response to bacteriophage antisera, endonuclease digestion pattern, induction in the presence of 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil, and effect on the lytic cycle of bacteriophage phi 1. the mean burst siz ... | 1977 | 401899 |
| bacillus subtilis enzymes: a 7-year clinical, epidemiological and immunological study of an industrial allergen. | | 1977 | 401920 |
| stability of cephalosporins in horse serum. | the antibiotic activity of cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cephaloglycin, cefazolin, and cefamandole was determined after storage for up to 30 days in horse serum at -10 and 4 degrees c. cephalothin, cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalexin were stable for at least 30 days at -10 degrees c, whereas cephaloridine lost 29% of its initial activity and cephaloglycin lost more than 50%. cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalexin could only be stored for 3 days at 4 degrees c without significant los ... | 1977 | 402105 |
| thermal resistance of bacillus subtilis var. niger in a closed system. | the heat resistance of bacillus subtilis var. niger has been measured from 85 to 125 degrees c using moisture levels of percent relative humidity (%rh) less than or equal to 0.001 to 100 in a closed system. five curves have been presented to characterize the thermal destruction, using thermal death times defined as f values at a given combination of three moisture and temperature conditions. reductions of 99.99% (4-log10 cycles) of the initial population were estimated for the three moisture con ... | 1977 | 402113 |
| inhibition of amino acid transport in bacillus subtilis by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. | | 1977 | 402118 |
| unformylated initiator trna is not a signal for the stringent control of rna synthesis. | | 1977 | 402133 |
| inhibition of nuclease activity in bacillus subtilis following infection with bacteriophage sp82g. | | 1977 | 402134 |
| ribosomal rna genes in bacillus subtilis. evidence for a cotranscription mechanism. | the analysis of the transcriptional mechanism of the ribosomal rna genes in bacillus subtilis was undertaken by a study of the rrna chain elongation in the presence of rifampicin. the residual rna synthesis after the addition of rifampicin and [3h] uridine to exponentially growing cells has shown that 56% of the radioactivity incorporated into total rna belongs to the unstable fraction and 44% to the fraction containing mature rrna and trna. such study allowed an estimation of the half-life of m ... | 1977 | 402154 |
| assembly of bacillus subtilis phage phi29. 1. mutants in the cistrons coding for the structural proteins. | the effect of mutations in the cistrons coding for the phage structural proteins has been studied by analyzing the phage-related structures accumulated after restrictive infection. infection with susmutants in cistron 8, lacking both the major head and the fiber protein, does not produce any phage-related structure, suggesting a single route for the assembly of phage phi29; infection with ts mutants in this cistron produces isometric particles. mutants is cistron 9, coding for the tail protein, ... | 1977 | 402269 |
| assembly of bacillus subtilis phage phe29. 2. mutants in the cistrons coding for the non-structural proteins. | the effect on phage morphogenesis of sus mutations in the cistrons coding for nonstructural proteins has been studied. mutants in three cistrons analyzed that are involved in phage dna synthesis, as well as in cistron 16 which codes for a late nonstructural protein, produce prolate capsids which are more rounded at the corners than complete phage heads and have an internal core; they contain the head proteins, the upper collar protein and protein p7, not present in mature phage particles. mutant ... | 1977 | 402270 |
| isoaccepting phenylalanine trnas from bacillus subtilis as a function of growth conditions. differences in the content of modified nucleosides. | | 1977 | 402290 |
| characterization of a protein inhibitor of intracellular protease from bacillus subtilis. | | 1977 | 402291 |
| growth of protoplasts of bacillus subtilis on solid media studied by photomicrography. | | 1977 | 402308 |
| affinity chromatography of several proteolytic enzymes on carbobenzoxy-d-phenylalanyltriethylenetetramine-sepharose. | | 1977 | 402326 |
| a new type of inactivation of streptomycin by e. coli. | previously described cases of streptomycin inactivation by r-factor carrying strains of e. coli have not lead to any measurable decrease in antimicrobial potency in the bulk substrate toward the culture. in these cases each cell inactivates only a few molecules. out of 1,800 strains of e. coli we have isolated five strains which inactivate streptomycin in large amounts giving a final concentration of the inactivation product of 0.25 mg/ml in 36 hours. unlike all other streptomycin-resistant stra ... | 1977 | 402346 |
| metabolism of pyrimidine bases and nucleosides in bacillus subtilis. | in bacillus subtilis, uracil (ura), uridine (urd), and deoxyuridine (durd) are metabolized through pathways similar to those of enteric bacteria. ura is probably converted to uridine 5'-monophosphate by uridine 5'-monophosphate pyrophosphorylase. more than 95% of durd added to cultures is converted to ura and deoxyribose-1-phosphate. although durd kinase activity is detectable in vitro, this enzyme does not seem to play an important role in the metabolism of durd. the metabolism of cytosine (cyt ... | 1977 | 402352 |
| inhibitory protein controls the reversion of protoplasts and l forms of bacillus subtilis to the walled state. | when the cell wall of bacillus subtilis is removed by lysozyme and the resultant protoplasts are plated on hypertonic soft agar medium, each protoplast forms an l colony. l bodies from such l colonies again plate as l-colony-forming units (cfu). however, if protoplasts or l bodies are "conditioned" by 1 h of incubation in 0.4% casein hydrolysate medium and then incubated in 25% gelatin medium for 1 h, 60 to 100% of the formerly naked cells give rist to bacillary colonies. the present experiments ... | 1977 | 402356 |
| some properties of a membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid complex isolated from bacillus subtilis. | membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) complexes were isolated from bacillus subtilis by affinity for magnesium-sarkosyl crystals. these complexes (m-bands) contained greater than 80% of the total cellular dna; little of the remaining portion could be recovered in a secondary isolation. isotopic labeling of the origin of replication showed this region of the chromosome to be closely associated with the cell membrane. interruption of protein or dna synthesis did not result in detachment of the chro ... | 1977 | 402358 |
| media dependence of commitment in bacillus subtilis. | at some time during sporulation development, cells of bacillus subtilis develop a commitment to continue sporulation even after addition of or dilution into a fresh nutrient. the extent of commitment was measured by the titer of spores produced at the time at which the original culture sporulated maximally. since newly formed spores of b. subtilis soon germinate in the replenished medium, the measurement of their titer, especially of heat-resistant spores, gave low values. this problem was avoid ... | 1977 | 402360 |
| isolation of acetyl esterase mutants of bacillus subtilis 168. | five mutants of bacillus subtilis 168 defective in an intracellular esterase activity were identified. by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, four of the mutants were shown to lack esterase b activity, and the fifth lacked esterase a activity. all of the back-crossed esterase mutants were able to sporulate at wild-type frequency and produce exoprotease(s) and antibiotic(s). no difference in motility could be attributed to the esterase mutation. pbs1 transduction analysis showed all the esterase ... | 1977 | 402361 |
| partial purification and properties of a ribosomal rna maturation endonuclease from bacillus subtilis. | data are presented on the partial purification and properties of a 5 s ribosomal rna maturation nuclease, termed rnase m5, from bacillus subtillis 168. rnase m5 specifically cleaves 21 and 42 nucleotides, respectively, from the 5' and 3' termini of a 5 s rrna precursor to yield the mature (116 nucleotides) 5 s rrna. the cleavage is endonucleolytic with the formation of 5'-phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl groups. enzyme action requires divalent cations, which may be furnished by either certain metals o ... | 1977 | 402365 |
| inactivation of bacterial d-amino acid transaminases by the olefinic amino acid d-vinylglycine. | d-vinylglycine (2-amino-3-butenoate) functions as a transamination substrate and irreversible inactivator of the homogeneous pyridoxal phosphate-dependent d-amino acid transaminases from bacillus subtilis and bacillus sphaericus. in the absence of alpha-ketoglutarate as co-substrate, vinyl-glycine causes little if any inactivation of either enzyme; in the presence of excess alpha-ketoglutarate, both enzymes are inactivated with pseudo-first order kinetics. the limiting rate constant for inactiva ... | 1977 | 402367 |
| antibiotic glycosides. 8. erythromycin d, a new macrolide antibiotic. | | 1977 | 402407 |
| erythromycin resistant mutations in bacillus subtilis cause temperature sensitive sporulation. | all of several hundred erythromycin resistant single site mutants of bacillus subtilis w168 are temperature senstive for sporulation. the mutants and wild type cells grow vegetatively at essentially the same rates at both permissive (30 degrees c) and nonpermissive (47 degrees c) temperatures. in addition cellular protein synthesis, cell mass increases and cell viabilities are similar in mutant and wild type strains for several hours after the end of vegetative growth (47 degrees c). in the muta ... | 1977 | 402547 |
| mutation induction by the direct treatment of bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid. | a procedure was developed to select for specific mutations obtained by means of transformation with dna previously exposed to potentially dangerous chemical compounds. the 70% co-transformation of hisb and trpc genes in bacillus subtilis provided a convenient opportunity to select for new mutations. when purified dna from wild type bacteria was treated with n(oh) acetyl aminofluorene or hoechst dye 37 507 and used to transform a recipient bearing of a trpc2 mutaion, a high proportion of the trp+ ... | 1977 | 402570 |
| specificity of the weak binding between the phage spo1 transcription-inhibitory protein, tf1, and spo1 dna. | the interaction of the phage spo1 protein transcription factor 1 (tf1), with dna has been analyzed by membrane filter binding and by sedimentation methods. substantially specific binding of tf1 to helical spo1 dna can be demonstrated by nitrocellulose filter-binding assays at relatively low ionic strength (0.08). however, tf1-dna complexes dissociate and reequilibrate relatively rapidly and this makes filter-binding assays unsuitable for quantitative measurements of binding equilibra. accordingl ... | 1977 | 402939 |
| comparative analysis of three guinea pig satellite dna's by restriction nucleases. | the structures of guinea pig satellite dnas i, ii, and iii have been analyzed by digestion with seven restriction nucleases. from the cleavage patterns it is obvious that the long-range periodicities in these three satellites differ rather characteristically satellite i is fairly resistant to six nucleases and gives only a number of weak discrete bands which do not show a simple regularity. by the restriction nuclease from arthrobacter luteus, however, it is cleaved extensively and yields very h ... | 1977 | 403072 |
| synthesis of cell envelope components by anucleate cells (minicells) of bacillus subtilis. | minicells produced by bacillus subtilis cu403 (divivb1) are capable of mucopeptide biosynthesis as shown by the incorporation of l-alanine, d-alanine, and n-acetylglucosamine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material, which can be degraded to trichloroacetic acid-soluble material by lysozyme digestion. incorporation of the precursors is sensitive to vancomycin and d-cycloserine and insensitive to chloramphenicol. penicillin inhibits the incorporation of d- and l-alanine n-acetylglucosamine ... | 1977 | 403171 |
| selective inhibition of bacillus subtilis sporulation by acridine orange and promethazine. | two structurally similar compounds were found to inhibit sporulation in bacillus subtilis 168. a dye, acridine orange, and an antischizophrenic drug, promethazine, blocked spore formation at concentrations subinhibitory to vegetative growth, while allowing synthesis of serine protease, antibiotic, and certain catabolite-repressed enzymes. the sporulation process was sensitive to promethazine through t2, whereas acridine orange was inhibitory until t4. the drug-treated cells were able to support ... | 1977 | 403172 |
| initiation of bacillus spore germination by hydrostatic pressure: effect of temperature. | suspensions of bacillus cereus t, b. subtilis, and b. pumilus spores in water or potassium phosphate buffer were germinated by hydrostatic pressures of between 325 and 975 atm. kinetics of germination at temperatures within the range of 25 to 44 degrees c were determined, and thermodynamic parameters were calculated. the optimum temperature for germination was dependent on pressure, species, suspending medium, and storage time after heat activation. germination rates increased significantly with ... | 1977 | 403174 |
| transitory germinative excision repair in bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis strains uvssp-42-1 (hcr42 ssp1) and uvssp-1-1 (hcr1 ssp1) are ultraviolet (uv) radiation sensitive both as dormant spores and as vegetative cells. these strains are unable to excise cyclobutane-type dimers from the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of irradiated vegetative cells and fail to remove spore photoproduct from the dna of irradiated spores either by excision (controlled by gene hcr) or by spore repair (controlled by gene ssp1). when irradiated soon after spore germination, ... | 1977 | 403175 |
| sodium effect of growth on aspartate and genetic analysis of a bacillus subtilis mutant with high aspartase activity. | most strains of bacillus subtilis, dervied from the 168 (marburg) strain, grow slowly on aspartate as sole carbon source. we isolated a mutant (asph) that grows rapidly on aspartate because it produces aspartase constitutively. thus, aspartase is needed for rapid growth on aspartate, whereas aspartate-alpha-ketoglutarate aminotransferase is not needed, as was demonstrated by a mutant lacking that enzyme activity. by two--and three-factor crosses using pbsl transduction, the asph mutation was loc ... | 1977 | 403177 |
| isolation and characterization of four plasmids from bacillus subtilis. | nineteen bacillus subtilis isolates obtained from type culture collections were examined for the presence of covalently closed circular duplex deoxyribonucleic acid molecules by the technique of cesium chloride-ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation. four of the 19 strains tested carried covalently closed circular molecules. two of these strains (ifo3022, ifo3215) harbored a similar plasmid with a molecular weight of 5.4 x 10(6). the other two strains (iam1232, iam1261) carried 4.9 c 1 ... | 1977 | 403179 |
| inhibition of iron uptake and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by desferal in a mutant strain of bacillus subtilis. | in the bacillus subtilis mutant 1d-4, the hydroxamate desferal inhibited growth, iron uptake, and deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis but did not quantitatively affect synthesis of ribonucleic acid and protein. | 1977 | 403182 |
| adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of bacillus subtilis 168. | adsorption of bacteriophages phi 29 and 22a to protoplasts of bacillus subtilis 168 is described. the number of binding sites on bacilli and protoplasts is determined for each phage. bacilli and protoplasts possess roughly the same number of sites per unit area for phi 29, i.e., approximately 700 sites per bacillus. there are also approximately 700 sites per bacillus for 22a, but only about one-third as many sites per unit area on the protoplast surface. a model for phi 29 adsorption is proposed ... | 1977 | 403298 |
| effect of antibiotics on certain aspects of bacteriophage sp-15 development in bacillus subtilis w23. | bacillus subtilis w23 was infected with bacteriophage sp-15. two waves of phage-specific rna synthesis were observed. wave i was prereplicative, and wave ii was coincident with replication of the viral genome. to determine the temporal appearance of general classes of phage-coded messengers and proteins, we studied the dependence of lysozyme synthesis, phage production, and dna synthesis on time of addition of transcriptional and translational inhibitors. lysozyme synthesis started to become ref ... | 1977 | 403301 |
| characterization of a combined dna initiation and cell division mutant of bacillus subtilis. | the temperature-sensitive mutation in bacillus subtilis 168-134ts, a conditional lethal dna initiation mutant, was transferred to the minicell producing strain, cu 403 div iv-b1, to study he relationship of dna synthesis to cell division. markers in the combined mutant were verified by transduction. dna replication kinetics, genome location by autoradiography, and clonal analysis of cell division patterns during spore outgrowths were investigated. growth of the double mutant at the restrictive t ... | 1977 | 403403 |
| isolation of the penicillin-binding peptide from d-alanine carboxypeptidase of bacillus subtilis. | the d-alanine carboxypeptidase of b. subtilis is a membrane-bound enzyme which is inhibited by penicillins and binds them covalently. the enzyme has been labeled with [14c]- or [35s]penicillin. after tryptic or pronase digestion of the labeled, denatured, reduced, and carboxymethylated enzyme, a radioactive peptide was isolated in each case. the amino acid compositions of these two peptides are reported. the pronase peptide was a subset of the tryptic peptide. neither contained a cysteine residu ... | 1977 | 403523 |
| studies on the control of development: isolation of bacillus subtilis mutants blocked early in sporulation and defective in synthesis of highly phosphorylated nucleotides. | to test our model on the mechanism of initiation of differentiation in bacillus subtilis, we tested early blocked (stage 0) sporulation mutants for their ability to synthesize highly phosphorylated nucleotides. we also isolated early blocked asporogenous mutants with the aid of the intercalating drug tilorone. among all mutants tested we found that the spo0f-bearing strain was unable to synthesize adenosine 3'(2')-triphosphate 5'-triphosphate, pppappp. a revertant of this mutant regained the abi ... | 1977 | 403525 |
| evidence for the monomerization of spore photoproduct to two thymines by the light-independent "spore repair" process in bacillus subtilis. | | 1977 | 403531 |
| identification of a bactericidal factor (b-lysin) in amnionic fluid at 14 and 40 weeks' gestation. | amnionic fluid (af) specimens from 40 normal obstetric patients at 14 to 16 weeks' gestation and at 37 to 40 weeks' gestation were found to contain both lysozyme and a bactericidal substance identified as b-lysin. the concentrations of both lysozyme and b-lysin were significantly higher in the af at 40 weeks' than at 14 weeks' gestation. b-lysin concentration in af were also found to be significantly higher than in either cord or maternal blood. | 1977 | 403764 |
| a procedure to remove protease activities from bacillus subtilis sporulating cells and their crude extracts. | | 1977 | 403829 |
| [characteristics of determining the microbial contamination of penicillin series antibiotic powders and tablets]. | optimal conditions for determination of microbial contamination of drugs were studied on artificially contaminated powders and tablets of phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin and dicloxacillin. the method of membrane filtration was the best for determination of the microbial contamination of the powders. however, it was not possible to wash out completely the antibiotic from the membrane filter. to prevent this it was necessary to add penicillinase into the nutrient medium onto which t ... | 1977 | 403853 |
| tetracycline inhibits propagation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication and alters membrane properties. | tetracycline, at concentrations greater than required for inhibition of protein synthesis, rapidly and completely inhibits replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. at these concentrations of tetracycline, synthesis of ribonucleic acid is not appreciably altered. in addition to inhibiting dna replication, tetracycline causes alterations of the cytoplasmic membrane resulting in leakage of intracellular pools of nucleotides, amino acids, and the non-meta ... | 1977 | 403855 |
| initiation of protein synthesis in bacillus subtilis in the presence of trimethoprim or aminopterin. | initiation of protein synthesis has been studied in the presence of the tetrahydrofolic acid analogues trimethoprim or aminopterin in bacillus subtilis. this bacterium can grow in the presence of the inhibitors, when the medium is supplemented with the low molecular weight products of tetrahydrofolate-dependent pathways. in an attempt to show whether formylation of initiator trna is a prerequisite for the iniation of protein synthesis in procaryotic cells, the amount of n-formylmethionine in trn ... | 1977 | 403950 |
| [multiple forms of bacillus subtilis subtilisin and effects of mutations on the distribution of its molecular forms]. | using polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and gel-filtration it was demonstrated that the auxotrophic mutant strains of bac. subtilis a-50 and their prototrophic revertant strains produce multiple molecular forms of subtilisin. three of them are the same as the corresponding molecular forms of subtilisin from the wild strain a-50. in different mutant strains the relative amounts of the main three forms varies considerably resulting in the absence of certain forms in several ... | 1977 | 403962 |
| the use of coimmobilized lysozyme as a bactericide in enzyme columns: a step toward the design of self-sterilizing enzyme columns. | | 1977 | 403971 |
| [opsonizing activity of the serum of gnotobiotic guinea pigs contaminated with individual representatives of intestinal microflora]. | the influence of contamination of germfree guinea pigs with individual representatives of the intestinal microflora (bac. mesentericus, bac. subtilis, s. albus, and s. faecalis) on the formation of the serum opsonic activity was studied. an increase of the opsonic activity to all the microorganisms on the 11th day after a corresponding monocontamination and a stimulating influence of the serum on the intracellular digestion of bac. mesentericus and bac. subtilis microbes was noted. as to the pat ... | 1977 | 403978 |
| enumeration and identification of human leukemic lymphocytes by their natural binding of bacteria. | the recently described property of bacteria to bind to human lymphocytes was used to distinguish between normal and chronic leukemic lymphocyte (cll) populations. strains of the following bacteria were used in this study: arizona hinshawii, escherichia coli strains 1 and 2, bacillus globigii, brucella melitensis, corynebacterium diphtheriae strains 1 and 2, corynebacterium xerosis, sarcina lutea, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis. for identification of immunoglobulin-bearing ... | 1977 | 404035 |
| chemical modification of neamine. | the aminocyclitol antibiotic neamine has been modified chemically by removing one or two hydroxyl groups from the 2-deoxystreptamine moiety to give 5- and 6- deoxyneamines (5 and 10), as well as 5,6-dideoxyneamine (15). their antimicrobial activities were determined against several microorganisms, including kanamycin-resistant strains. | 1977 | 404040 |
| [uv-radiation induction of antimutagenic activity in bacillus subtilis cells]. | | 1977 | 404124 |
| purification and comparative properties of the delta and sigma subunits of rna polymerase from bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis delta protein is a 21 500-mr polypeptide that can be isolated in association with rna polymerase holoenzyme from uninfected bacteria and with modified forms of rna polymerase from cells infected with phage sp01 [pero, j., nelson, j. and fox, t. (1975) proc. natl acad. sci. u.s.a. 72,1589]. although no function has been assigned to delta protein in uninfected cells, this host polypeptide enhances the specificity of transcription by phage-modified forms of rna polymerase that con ... | 1977 | 404142 |
| thymidine uptake in bacteria: the effect of purine nucleosides. | the kinetics of thymidine uptake by escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis cells in the presence of adenine and guanine nucleosides was investigated. the initial concentration of thymidine in the growth medium was 0.35 microng/ml while the initial concentration of purine nucleosides ranged from 25 to 250 microng/ml. adenine nucleosides when present at a concentration more than 50 microng/ml strongly inhibit thymidine uptake by the bacteria. the duration of the inhibition depends on the initial c ... | 1977 | 404148 |
| dry-heat resistance of bacillus subtilis spores in contact with serum albumin, carbohydrates or lipids. | | 1977 | 404277 |
| classification of bacillus subtilis flagellins. | purified flagellins derived from 16 strains of bacillus subtilis were classified into at least five distinct groups on the basis of their reaction with antiflagellar filament antibody and antiflagellin antibody. this classification was in good accord with that derived independently on the basis of amino acid analyses of the flagellins. flagellar antigenicity appears to provide a useful typological character in classifying b. subtilis strains. | 1977 | 404282 |
| initiation and termination of chromosome replication at 45 degree c in a temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid initiation mutant of bacillus subtilis 168, tsb134. | deoxyribose nucleic acid transfer experiments showed that upon shifting bacillus subtilis tsb134 to 45 degree c, initiation of new rounds of replication was effectively blocked and the majority of existing rounds terminated. | 1977 | 404285 |
| kinetic evidence for an acyl-enzyme intermediate in d-alanine carboxypeptidases of bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus. | the kinetics of hydrolysis and transpeptidation of the synthetic substrate diacetyl-l-lysyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine and of the natural substrate udp-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide and related compounds catalyzed by the d-alanine carboxypeptidases of bacillus subtilis and bacillus stearothermophilus in the presence of the nucleophiles hydroxylamine or glycine have been examined. these kinetic data suggest that an acyl-enzyme intermediate is formed in the first step of the reaction and that the transpeptid ... | 1977 | 404297 |
| pharmacokinetics of methicillin in patients with cystic fibrosis. | the disposition of methicillin in normal subjects and in subjects with cystic fibrosis (cf) was studied after administration of single intravenous doses of 15 mg/kg. the area under the serum concentration vs. time curve for cf patients was, on the average, only 75% of that found for normal subjects. the low concentrations in serum were caused by more rapid urinary excretion of the antibiotic, with rates of renal clearance averaging 425 ml/min per 1.73 m2 in the patients with cf and 362 ml/min pe ... | 1977 | 404369 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of azasteroid-type compounds and related systems. effect of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups on activity. | pyrazole-, pyrazolone- and isoxazole-containing systems were prepared from 3,4-dihydro-6-(hexyloxy)-1(2h)-naphthalenone, 3,4-dihydro-6-(hexadecyloxy)-1(2h)-naphthalenone,3,4-dihydro-6(2-dimethylaminoethyloxy)-1-(2h)-naphthalenone, 3,4-dihydro-7-hexyloxy-1(2h)-phenanthrone, and 3,4-dihydro-7-(2-dimethylaminoethyloxy)-1(2h)-phenanthrone. a number of compounds derived from 7, 8-dihydro-5(6h)-quinolinone were also synthesized and characterized. both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups were incorporate ... | 1977 | 404424 |
| structure-activity relationships among the o-acyl derivatives of leucomycin. correlation of minimal inhibitory concentrations with binding to escherichia coli ribosomes. | the synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and binding to ribosomes of leucomycin and leucomycin derivatives are described. in general, the binding of the leucomycins and the leucomycin derivatives to ribosomes correlated with their antimicrobial activity. some 2'-o-acyl derivatives apparently underwent gradual hydrolysis during antimicrobial assays, for their binding to ribosomes was poor compared to their relatively good antimicrobial activies. correlation between antimicrobial activity and bindin ... | 1977 | 404425 |
| [germination of bacillus subtilis]. | | 1977 | 404448 |
| [behavior of microorganisms in an electric field in the presence of particles of different materials]. | | 1977 | 404505 |
| helical shape and wall synthesis in a bacterium. | | 1977 | 404566 |
| replication and expression of plasmids from staphylococcus aureus in bacillus subtilis. | one s. aureus plasmid coding for tetracycline resistance, pt127, and four plasmids (pc194, pc221, pc223, and pub112) coding for chloramphenicol resistance have been introduced by transformation into b, subtilis. the plasmids replicate in--and confer antibiotic resistance upon--their new host. these experiments show that the potential for genetic exchange between diverse bacterial species is greater than has been commonly assumed. | 1977 | 404641 |
| dna replication of bacteriophage phi29. effect of two viral genes on the association of phage chromosomes with the host cell membrane. | the kinetics of dna arrest and the maintenance of the association of viral chromosomes with the cell membrane were examined by temperature-shift experiments using temperature-sensitive mutants in two early bacteriophage phi29 genes required for phage dna replication. phi29 ts2(35), a mutant in cistron 2 whose product (protein p2) is continuously required for associating phage dna with the bacillus subtilis membrane, does not stop phage dna synthesis immediately after a shift to the nonpermissive ... | 1977 | 404758 |
| [use of transformation for studying the nature of formation of stable bacterial l forms]. | the authors obtained a stable variant of the l-forms of bacillus subtilis capable of exponential growth of the minimal and synthetic medium. an electron-microscopic study of different stages of the l-form formation was carried out by the method of ultra-thin sections. a possibility was shown of the transfer of the l-form formation sign by the method of transformation. dna isolation from the l-forms by soft lysis considerably facilitated and simplified the genetic analysis of the l-form formation ... | 1977 | 404804 |
| [method of membrane filtration for determining the sterility and microbial contamination of antibiotics]. | during membrane filtration antibiotics belonging to different chemical groups are strictly absorbed on the filters. when the filters are put into liquid thioglycol medium, the residual amounts of the antibiotics on the filters did not prevent the growth of sensitive microflora experimentally added to the drug. when the filter was put onto solid nutrient medium, only resistant forms of the microbes grew as a rule on its surface, the amount of the grown microbes being 26--43 per cent of the added ... | 1977 | 404954 |
| [tetracycline inactivation by magnesium sulfate in testing for microbial contamination by the membrane filtration method]. | it was shown that the residual amounts of tetracyclines adsorbed on membrane filters may be inactivated by addition of 2m magnesium sulphate solution to the agar for placing the filters after filtration. the antibiotic inactivation increases the possibilities of the test for antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora present in the drugs and may be used in determination of microbial dissmination of non-injection tetracyclines. | 1977 | 404955 |
| gardimycin, a new antibiotic inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. | gardimycin, a new antibiotic, at 100 mug/ml, specifically inhibited cell wall synthesis and induced accumulation of uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylmur-amylpentapeptide in whole cells of bacillus subtilis. the antibiotic was active in a particulate enzyme preparation from bacillus stearothermophilus: 60 mug/ml caused 50%, and 200mug/ml caused 100%, inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis. suppression of peptidoglycan synthesis was accompanied by parallel accumulation of the lipid intermediate. this ... | 1977 | 404960 |
| microbial formation of 4-thiouracil. | a soil organism identified as streptomyces libani var. soldani was found to produce 4-thiouracil. the product was isolated in a yield of 150 mug/ml of filtered beer and characterized by c-13 magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. the product has a broad antibacterial spectrum but low specific activity. | 1977 | 404965 |
| bacteremia after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. | during 24 months, 200 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies were performed on 193 patients. blood cultures were obtained before and five and 30 minutes after the procedure using thiol (50 ml) and trypticase soy broth (100 ml) media. the mean endoscopic time was 34 minutes. sixteen patients developed bacteremia (8%). twelve groups of microorganisms were detected in positive blood cultures: streptococcus (5 species), lactobacillus sp, veillonella alcalescens, staphylococcus aureus, staph epidermidis, ... | 1977 | 404974 |
| bioconcentration of toxaphene by microorganisms. | | 1977 | 405061 |
| [biological indicators: research on the resistance ratio between b. stearothermophilus and bacillus subtilis and pumilis]. | | 1977 | 405247 |
| mode of degradation of precursor-specific ribonucleic acid fragments by bacillus subtilis. | a precursor of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna) from bacillus subtilis was cleaved by ribonuclease (rnase) m5 in cell-free extracts from b. subtilis to yield the mature 5s rrna plus rna fragments derived from both termini of the precursor. the released, mature 5s rrna was stable in these extracts; however, as occurred in vivo, the precursor-specific fragments were rapidly and completely destroyed. such destruction was not observed in the presence of partially purified rnase m5, so fragment s ... | 1977 | 405368 |
| initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in germinating spores of bacillus subtilis 168 carrying the dnab (ts)134 mutation. | the nature of the deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis reported by others to occur at 45 degrees c in germinating spores of the temperature-sensitive deoxyribonucleic acid initiation mutant of bacillus subtilis 168, tsb134, has been investigated. density transfer experiments, using 5-bromouracil, show that a normal round of replication can occur in a significant fraction of the spore population under such conditions. no repair synthesis is detectable. the possibility raised by this finding, that init ... | 1977 | 405369 |
| biosynthesis of wall polymers in bacillus subtilis. | preparations of membrane plus wall derived from bacillus subtilis w23 were used to study the in vitro synthesis of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid and their linkage to the preexisting cell wall. the teichoic acid synthesis showed an ordered requirement for the incorporation of n-acetylglucosamine from uridine 5'-diphosphate (udp)-n-acetylglucosamine followed by addition of glycerol phosphate from cytidine 5'-diphosphate (cdp)-glycerol and finally by addition of ribitol phosphate from cdp-ribitol ... | 1977 | 405370 |
| altered accumulation of a membrane protein unique to a membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid complex in a dna initiation mutant of bacillus subtilis. | membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid complexes (m-bands) have been isolated from bacillus subtilis by their affinity for crystals of mg2+-sarkosyl. the membrane proteins of these complexes were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. comparison of the membrane protein composition of m-band and unfractionated membrane revealed three protein components of 125,000 (mac-1), 57,000 (mac-2), and 42,000 (mac-3) daltons unique to m-band membrane. growth of a temperature-sensitiv ... | 1977 | 405373 |
| properties of an escherichia coli k-12 mutant defective in the transport of arginine and ornithine. | a canavanine-resistant mutant strain, defective in the transport of arginine and ornithine, was isolated and characterized. experiments presented show that both the kinetics of influx and the steady state of accumulation of arginine and ornithine are affected by the mutation, whereas the activity of other related transport systems remains unchanged. on the basis of competitive studies, it is concluded that l-canavanine can inhibit efficiently the arginine-specific uptake system. d-arginine appea ... | 1977 | 405374 |
| incorporation of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine from udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine by isolated membranes of bacillus subtilis. identification of undecaprenyl poly(n-acetylglucosaminyl pyrophosphate). | membrane isolated from bacillus subtilis strain 168 incorporated glcnac from udp-glcnac directly onto undecaprenyl phosphate via transphosphorylation and subsequent transglucosylations. chain lengths of 6, 4, and 1 units of glcnac were found. approximately 80% of the isotope incorporated was extracted into chloroform:methanol (2:1 v/v), and could be distinguished from the undecaprenyl disaccharide cell wall intermediate by a different elution pattern on deae-cellulose (acetate form). the glcnac- ... | 1977 | 405389 |
| [formation of organic acids by strains of bacillus mesentericus and bac. subtilis isolated from the rumens of cattle]. | | 1977 | 405553 |
| restriction and modification in bacillus species: genetic transformation of bacteria with dna from different species, part i. | host specific restriction was detected in 13 bacillus strains, when 63 strains of bacillus subtilis and 15 other bacillus strains were tested with phage phi 105c. these 13 strains were classified into 8 groups (m,h,c,n,e,f,g,p) by the type of restriction. m-type strains (b. subtilis marburg 168, its derivatives, and two other strains) showed relatively weak restriction, restricting phi 105c from other groups of bacillus by ratios of 10(-1) to 10(-3). strains of groups h,c,n,e,f,g, and p restrict ... | 1977 | 405561 |
| rna polymerase from bacillus subtilis: isolation of core and holo enzyme by dna-cellulose chromatography. | a new procedure for the purification of b. subtilis rna polymerase, based on mild lysis of cells, low speed centrifugation, gel filtration, deae-sephadex chromatography and affinity chromatography on dna-cellulose, yields three forms of enzyme referred here as enzyme a, b and c. as revealed by sds gel electrophoresis, enzyme a has the subunit structure of core polymerase plus some small polypeptides. its catalytic properties are similar to those of core polymerase. enzyme b has the composition o ... | 1977 | 405660 |
| multiple origins of replication for bacillus subtilis phage spo1. | | 1977 | 405794 |
| [relationship between aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aaa) and cell division in temperature-sensitive filamentous mutants of bacillus subtilis sb 19. iii. characterization of pre-incubation effect and effect of aaa-inhibitor produced by agrostemma githago seedlings]. | further results on the correlations between the regulation of bacterial cell division and amino-acyl-trna synthetase are presented. activity of aminoacyl-trna synthetases, extracted from a filamentous mutant of bacillus subtilis sb 19, may be stimulated by preincubation of crude extracts. the mechanism of this stimulating effect has been studied by means of an inhibitor of amino-acyl-trna synthetases produced during the growth of agrostemma githago-seedlings. according to preliminary results we ... | 1977 | 405805 |
| comparing radioactive and trephine-disk bioassays of dicloxacillin and gentamicin in ocular tissues in vitro. | trephined disks of tissue (6 mm diameter) from fresh rabbit eyes were immersed overnight in solutions of radioactive carbon (14c)-dicloxacillin or gentamicin, then assayed by one of two methods: agar-diffusion bioassay, using filter-paper disks immersed in known concentrations of antibiotic as standards, or radioactive assay. the bioassay underestimated the concentrations of antibiotic in sclera and iris by 38 to 72%, and slightly overestimated those in the cornea. a corrected bioassay was calcu ... | 1977 | 405867 |
| construction of a kit of reference strains for rapid genetic mapping in bacillus subtilis 168. | a set of nine reference strains bringing convenient markers in the genetic background of bacillus subtilis marburg 168 has been prepared to allow rapid mapping of new markers. | 1977 | 405929 |
| diagnostic tests in the skin and serum of works sensitized to bacillus subtilis enzymes. | two allergen pools of commercial detergent enzymes were prepared as skin test reagents: (1) carlsberg type, composed of three products containing subtilopeptidase a, and (2) bpn type, composed of two products containing subtilopeptidase b and alpha-amylase. in 100 non-exposed controls a reaction suggesting primary irritancy was found at protein concentrations greater than 1 microng/ml intradermally or 1 mg/ml by prick test. intradermally at 10 microng/ml weals were accompained by less pronounced ... | 1977 | 406100 |
| transformation of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis with a hybrid plasmid molecule. | a hybrid molecule constructed from escherichia coli plasmid pmb9 and a fragment of bacillus subtilis 168 deoxyribonucleic acid functions in cells of leu-e. coli, converting them to leucine prototrophy, but fails to survive in strains of b. subtilis 168. | 1977 | 406259 |
| arginine hydroxamate-resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis with altered control of arginine metabolism. | arginine hydroxamate inhibits the growth of bacillus subtilis. from a large number of mutants isolated as resistant to this arginine analogue, 29 were chosen for further investigation. most of these shared diminished ability to utilize arginine, citrulline and/or ornithine as sole nitrogen source. all 29 had reduced levels of the catabolic enzymes arginase and ornithine aminotransferase under various conditions in which these enzymes are induced in the parent. in some circumstances, five of the ... | 1977 | 406353 |
| formation of 4-ribitylamino-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine in an adenine-riboflavin doubleless mutant of bacillus subtilis. | | 1977 | 406371 |
| synthesis and biological activity of some derivatives of thiochroman-4-one and tetrahydrothiapyran-4-one. | a small series of pyrazoles and isoxazoles derived from thiochroman-4-one has been synthesized and characterized. the compounds were examined for their in vitro inhibitory activity against bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas fluorescens. among the tested compounds the pyrazole derivative from thiochroman-4-one was found to be the most effective inhibitor of growth of b. subtilis. extensive h nmr analysis was recorded for all compounds. | 1977 | 406397 |
| synthesis of episilon-rhodomycinone glycosides. | twenty-six episilon-rhodomycinone glycosides have been synthesized. these include the episilon-rhodomycinone glycosides of 2-deoxy-l-fucose, 2-deoxy-l-rhamnose, and 2-deoxy-d-ribose as well as their 2-hydroxyl derivatives. nmr spectroscopy showed that all the glycosides prepared had the saccharide residues linked to position 10 of episilon-rhodomycinone and helped establish the anomeric purity and configuration of several glycosides. preliminary screening results show that 2-deoxy-di-o-acetyl-d- ... | 1977 | 406400 |
| metabolism of uracil-containing dna: degradation of bacteriophage pbs2 dna in bacillus subtilis. | when bacillus subtilis is infected by the uracil-containing dna phage pbs2, the parental dna labeled with radioactive uracil and cytosine remains acid insoluble. if the synthesis of the phage-induced uracil-dna n-glycosidase inhibitor is prevented, the parental dna is completely degraded to acid-soluble products beginning at about 6 min after infection. the host n-glycosidase probably initiates the degradation pathway, with nucleases being responsible for the remaining degradation of the dna. | 1977 | 406424 |
| tissue persistence of gentamicin in man. | a two-compartment pharmcokinetic model was used to caracterize serum concentrations and to predict tissue accumulation of gentamicin in 47 treated patients. postmortem tissues were obtained in six cases; in each instance, tissues yielded the predicted amount of drug. slow release of tissue-bound gentamicin accounts for its prolonged retention in the body. the two-compartment model adequately predicts gentamicin accumulation from serum concentrations and explains why this antibiotic persists in s ... | 1977 | 406431 |