| [enterococcal endocarditis]. | | 1996 | 8765882 |
| hypocholesterolemic and immunostimulatory effects of orally applied enterococcus faecium m-74 in man. | lyophilized enterococcus faecium m-74 was administered to 12 adult subjects in a daily oral dose of 5 x 10(9) bacteria for six weeks. the bacterium temporarily colonized the host intestine and its excretion with stool persisted for five weeks after the last does. the mean levels of serum cholesterol and ldl showed a a biphasic effect--an elevation followed by a sharp decrease (on day 64 of investigation). the decrease corresponded in time with a significant increase in the ability to reduce iodo ... | 1995 | 8768254 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci at a large university hospital in denmark. | enterococci are part of the normal human fecal flora and also part of the fecal flora of many animals. vancomycin- and ampicillin-resistant enterococci give rise to infections that may virtually be untreatable with antibiotics. antibiotic use in humans is a risk factor for development or selection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. in animals the related glycopeptide avoparcin is used, especially in poultry, as a food additive to promote growth. selective pressures for vancomycin-resistant ent ... | 1996 | 8774678 |
| emerging resistance in clinically important gram-positive cocci. | in the first half of the decade of the 1990s, we in the united states have seen the emergence and escalation of substantial antimicrobial resistance in medically important gram-positive cocci. the incidence of methicillin resistance of staphylococcus aureus continues to increase (now 18%), resulting in many more isolates that are multiply resistant; all s aureus isolates are still susceptible to vancomycin. enterococci, particularly enterococcus faecium, have increasingly developed resistance to ... | 1996 | 8779198 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of a new parenteral penem, sulopenem]. | eighty percent minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic80) of sulopenem against clinically isolated 12 to 80 strains of each of different bacteria were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa): 0.20 micrograms/ml, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa): 50 micrograms/ml, coagulase-negative staphylococci: 3.13 micrograms/ml, streptococcus pyogenes: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, streptococcus pneumoniae: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, beta-streptococci: 0.05 microgram/ml, enterococc ... | 1996 | 8786624 |
| penicillin tolerance and modification of lipoteichoic acid associated with expression of vancomycin resistance in vanb-type enterococcus faecium d366. | induction of vancomycin resistance in enterococcus faecium d366, which exhibits a vanb-type resistance, as well as its constitutive expression in mt9, a derivative of d366, was associated with penicillin tolerance as shown by decreased lysis and killing of the cells. this phenomenon was linked neither to decreased expression of the different autolysins nor to their decreased lytic activity on the different cell walls. the only change observed was that almost twice the normal amount of d-alanine ... | 1996 | 8787919 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci on a renal ward in an ontario hospital. | | 1996 | 8791860 |
| vancomycin resistant enterococci in hospitals in the united kingdom--1995. | | 1996 | 8791882 |
| first documented isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in sweden. | in recent years enterococci, and enterococcus faecium in particular, have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens. of major concern is the increasing antimicrobial resistance to traditionally used agents such as ampicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin. we present a patient with prosthetic heart valves colonized with vancomycin-resistant e. faecium. this is the first reported isolation of vancomycin-resistant e. faecium in sweden. | 1996 | 8792490 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | to review vancomycin resistance in enterococci (enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium) with respect to history, epidemiology, mechanism of resistance, and management. | 1996 | 8792949 |
| production and characterization of enterocin 900, a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecium bfe 900 from black olives. | enterococcus faecium bfe 900 isolated from black olives produced a bacteriocin termed enterocin 900, which was antagonistic towards lactobacillus sake, clostridium butyricum, enterococci as well as listeria spp. including listeria monocytogenes. enterocin 900 was inactivated by pepsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, proteinase k and trypsin but not by catalase, alpha-amylase, or other non-proteolytic enzymes tested. the bacteriocin was heat stable, retaining activity after heating at 121 degrees c for 15 m ... | 1996 | 8796427 |
| the comparative in vitro activity of clinafloxacin and other antimicrobials against vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | the susceptibilities of 50 unique vancomycin-susceptible (n = 15) and vancomycin-resistant (n = 35) enterococci to 6 antimicrobials were compared. teicoplanin was consistently the most active agent for all strains. ampicillin and imipenem were active primarily for vancomycin-sensitive enterococcus faecalis. clinafloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed poorer activity compared to prior studies, suggesting that the emergence of quinolone resistance is now occurring in enterococci. | 1996 | 8804789 |
| induction signals for vancomycin resistance encoded by the vana gene cluster in enterococcus faecium. | the induction of vancomycin resistance in enterococci containing the vana gene cluster is thought to be controlled by a two-component sensor-response regulator system encoded by vanr and vans. eight inducing compounds were identified by screening a panel of more than 6,800 antibiotics and synthetic compounds including the three tested glycopeptides (vancomycin, avoparcin, and ristocetin), two other cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors (moenomycin and bacitracin), two cyclic peptide antibiotics (ant ... | 1996 | 8807055 |
| synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of bacterial d-alanine:d-alanine ligases. | d-alanine:d-alanine ligase is essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis, assembling one of the subunits used for peptidoglycan crosslinking. the resulting aminoacyl-d-ala-d-ala strand is the achilles' heel of vancomycin-susceptible bacteria; binding of vancomycin to this sequence interferes with crosslinking and blocks cell-wall synthesis. a mutant enzyme (vana) from vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium has been found to incorporate alpha-hydroxy acids at the terminal site instead of d-al ... | 1996 | 8807826 |
| limiting vancomycin use to combat vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | the implementation, monitoring, and impact of a program to restrict vancomycin use are described. a vancomycin restriction program was implemented in february 1995 at an acute care teaching hospital after guidelines for vancomycin use were established by a multidisciplinary group. pharmacists reviewed each vancomycin order, suggested alternative treatments when vancomycin use did not comply with the guidelines, and set duration limits for all orders. orders requiring greater clinical experience ... | 1996 | 8809278 |
| a highly vancomycin-resistant laboratory mutant of staphylococcus aureus. | a resistant mutant with vancomycin mic of 100 micrograms/ml was isolated relatively easily through step pressure in the laboratory from a staphylococcus aureus strain with initial mic of 1.5 micrograms/ml for the antibiotic. upon addition of vancomycin (50 micrograms/ml) to the growth medium mass increase of the culture and peptidoglycan synthesis continued but cell division (daughter cell separation), cell wall turnover and autolysis were inhibited, resulting in the production of multicellular ... | 1996 | 8810499 |
| selective isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | broth formulations of two media selective for enterococci, enterococcel, m-enterococcosel broths were supplemented with 6 micrograms of vancomycin per ml and evaluated for isolation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). each broth was challenged with various concentrations of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and vancomycin-susceptible and vancomycin-resistant enterococci and with 193 perianal specimens obtained from patients at risk in our institution for vre ... | 1996 | 8815109 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium colonisations. | | 1996 | 8816691 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus: case reviews after transplantation. | increased and inappropriate use of vancomycin during the past 35 years has led to the development of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal (vre) species that are difficult and expensive to treat. this article presents case reviews of patients who experienced vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) infections during prolonged hospitalizations after transplantation. the risk factors for the development of vre infection, prevention measures, and the interventions to be implemented once vre inf ... | 1996 | 8826402 |
| investigation of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay. | in this study, 122 isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) obtained from 103 patients over a four-year period in a london teaching hospital, were typed by a random amplified polymorphic dna method. all the isolates exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin (mic 128-1024 mg/l), and were resistant to teicoplanin (32-256 mg/l). nine rapd types were distinguished by using a single primer. clustering of certain types in time and space was noted. these results suggest that alt ... | 1996 | 8827505 |
| screening patients for glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. | | 1996 | 8827510 |
| selection of enterococcus faecium strains with stable and unstable resistance to the streptogramin rp 59500 using stepwise in vitro exposure. | therapy of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infections is an increasing problem for many large medical centers. one promising agent for use against enterococcus faecium is rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin). to assess the potential for emergence of resistant strains during clinical trials with this new compound, we collected and tested 11 vancomycin-resistant and three vancomycin-susceptible e. faecium strains. the strains were exposed to doubling dilutions of rp 59500, beginning at drug conc ... | 1996 | 8831040 |
| direct application of etest to gram-positive cocci from blood cultures: quick and reliable minimum inhibitory concentration data. | the etest was applied directly to 100 gram-positive bacterial strains from blood cultures to measure their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic). results showed 100% concordance of mic data between a direct etest method and the standard etest method for streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, and viridans group streptococci. in addition, direct etest for staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis showed 83 to 100% corr ... | 1996 | 8831041 |
| comparative in vitro activity of levofloxacin and ofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria. | the in vitro activity of levofloxacin against 506 gram-positive bacteria was compared with those of d(-)-ofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. levofloxacin was generally twice as active as ofloxacin against these organisms (range, 0-3 twofold dilutions). sparfloxacin appeared to have the greatest activity overall, but for several groups of organisms minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic90s) of this compound were within one twofold dilution of those of levofloxacin. resistance t ... | 1996 | 8831043 |
| application of direct-fed microbial bacteria and fructooligosaccharides for salmonella control in broilers during feed withdrawal. | providing direct-fed-microbial (dfm) bacteria and fructooligosaccharides (fos) for the control of potential escalation of salmonella colonization during simulated feed withdrawal and confinement was assessed. eight hundred and eighty broilers (16 pens; 55 chicks per pen) were reared to 6 wk of age. chicks were sprayed with a solution containing 10(6) nalidixic-acid resistant salmonella typhimuriumnr cells per milliliter on the 2nd d after hatching. because this first challenge did not yield a hi ... | 1996 | 8833368 |
| modification of penicillin-binding protein 5 associated with high-level ampicillin resistance in enterococcus faecium. | high-level ampicillin resistance in enterococcus faecium has been shown to be associated with the synthesis of a modified penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp 5) which had apparently lost its penicillin-binding capability (r. fontana, m. aldegheri, m. ligozzi, h. lopez, a. sucari, and g. satta. antimicrob. agents chemother. 38:1980-1983, 1994). the pbp5 gene of the highly resistant strain e. faecium 9439 was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 77 and 54% homologies with the ... | 1996 | 8834879 |
| glycopeptide susceptibility among danish enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis isolates of animal and human origin and pcr identification of genes within the vana cluster. | the mics of vancomycin and avoparcin were determined for isolates of enterococcus faecium and isolates of enterococcus faecalis recovered from the feces of humans and animals in denmark. two hundred twenty-one of 376 (59%) isolates of e. faecium and 2 of 133 (1.5%) isolates of e. faecalis were resistant to vancomycin (mics, 128 to > or = 256 micrograms/ml), and all vancomycin-resistant isolates were resistant to avoparcin (mics, 64 to > or = 256 micrograms/ml). all vancomycin-resistant isolates ... | 1996 | 8843309 |
| quantitative analysis of the metabolism of soluble cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursors of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. | transposon tn1546 from enterococcus faecium bm4147 mediates high-level resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin. tn 1546 encodes a dehydrogenase (vanh) and a ligase (vana) that synthesize d-alanyl-d-lactate (d-ala-d-lac), a d,d-dipeptidase (vanx) that hydrolyses d-ala-d-ala and a two-component regulatory system (vanr-vans) that controls transcription of the vanhax operon. strains of enterococcus faecalis harbouring various copy numbers of the vanrshax cluster were te ... | 1996 | 8843432 |
| quinupristin/dalfopristin (rp 59500): a new streptogramin antibiotic. | to review the current knowledge on rp 59500 (quinupristin/dalfopristin, synercid), a new streptogramin antibiotic, with respect to its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, mechanism of resistance, and in vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activity. | 1995 | 8845540 |
| in vitro activities of u-100592 and u-100766, novel oxazolidinone antibacterial agents. | oxazolidinones make up a relatively new class of antimicrobial agents which possess a unique mechanism of bacterial protein synthesis inhibition. u-100592 (s)-n-[[3-[3-fluoro-4-[4-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-piperazinyl]- phenyl]-2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide and u-100766 (s)-n-[[3-[3-fluoro-4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]- 2-oxo-5-oxazolidinyl]methyl]-acetamide are novel oxazolidinone analogs from a directed chemical modification program. mics were determined for a variety of bacterial clinical isolate ... | 1996 | 8849237 |
| intracellular activities of rp 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) and sparfloxacin against enterococcus faecium. | rp 59500, a combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin, and sparfloxacin are new antibiotics with good in vitro activities against enterococcus faecium, which is an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. since fluoroquinolones and related macrolides have displayed high intracellular concentrations inside host cells, we evaluated the intracellular activities of these agents inside neutrophils against three strains each of vancom ... | 1996 | 8849245 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci in cats and dogs. | | 1996 | 8855893 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infections in the icu and quinupristin/dalfopristin. | the incidence of vancomycin resistance among enterococci, and enterococcus faecium in particular, has increased sharply in the last few years. this shift toward infection with resistant gram-positive organisms is thought to be the consequence of certain features specific to the intensive care setting: a high concentration of severely compromised patients; continued use of indwelling devices and invasive procedures; and widespread, empiric use of antimicrobial agents directed against gram-negativ ... | 1996 | 8856757 |
| escherichia coli transcytosis in a caco-2 cell model: implications in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. other than an association with prematurity and gastrointestinal feeding, no single factor or mechanism has been consistently linked to this disease. we have previously demonstrated that escherichia coli isolates obtained from the stool of infants with nec caused nec-like injury in a weanling rabbit ileal loop model; this injury, in turn, could be blocked by coinfection with selected gram(+) bacteria (enter ... | 1996 | 8865278 |
| epidemiology and control of multiresistant enterococci. | | 1996 | 8869836 |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin (rp 59500): an injectable streptogramin combination. | the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, activity, and potential clinical role of quinupristin-dalfopristin (rp 59500) are described. quinupristin-dalfopristin is the first injectable formulation of the streptogramin antibiotics. streptogramin drug products are each composed of two chemically distinct compounds, which when administered together act synergistically by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. quinupristin-dalfopristin has shown activity in vitro against many strains of streptococci and ... | 1996 | 8870891 |
| a new selective differential medium for isolation of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | a new selective differential medium for the isolation of stenotrophomonas (formerly xanthomonas) maltophilia was developed. the medium, via agar, contained vancomycin, imipenem, and amphotericin b as selective agents and incorporated a mannitol/bromothymol blue indicator system. compared with xanthomonas maltophilia selective medium (xmsm), via agar was less inhibitory to stenotrophomonas maltophilia and was more selective than xmsm in preventing the growth of unwanted bacteria from contaminated ... | 1996 | 8874082 |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin. | quinupristin-dalfopristin (rp 59500) is an injectable streptogramin antibiotic. it possesses a wide spectrum of activity against gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant staphylococci, glycopeptide-resistant. enterococcus faecium and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. quinupristin-dalfopristin has activity against some anaerobes and selected gram-negative pathogens. quinupristin-dalfopristin, by way synergism of between its 2 components, is unaffected by most forms of bacterial resi ... | 1996 | 8875130 |
| in-vitro activity of ramoplanin (a novel lipoglycopeptide), vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive clinical isolates from cancer patients. | the in-vitro activities of ramoplanin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive organisms isolated from cancer patients were determined. ramoplanin was the most active agent tested inhibiting all isolates at a concentration of < or = 0.5 mg/l. although all isolates were also susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin, their activities were surpassed by that of ramoplanin. the activity of teicoplanin was moderately better than that of vancomycin against bacillus cereus, enterococcus faeci ... | 1996 | 8877541 |
| in vitro activity of the trinem sanfetrinem (gv104326) against gram-positive organisms. | the in vitro activity of the trinem sanfetrinem (formerly gv104326) (gv) was compared with that of vancomycin, ampicillin, and/or nafcillin against 287 gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multiresistant enterococci, by the agar and microbroth dilution methods. gv demonstrated 2 to 16 times more activity than ampicillin and nafcillin against the majority of these organisms. the mic range of gv was 16 to 64 micrograms/ml for 19 enterococcus faecium str ... | 1996 | 8878596 |
| semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotics derived from ly264826 active against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | certain derivatives of the glycopeptide antibiotic ly264826 with n-alkyl-linked substitutions on the epivancosamine sugar are active against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. six compounds representing our most active series were evaluated for activity against antibiotic-resistant, gram-positive pathogens. for enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis resistant to both vancomycin and teicoplanin, the mics of the six semisynthetic compounds for 90% of the strains tested were 1 to 4 micrograms/ml, co ... | 1996 | 8878606 |
| acidification of methyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside: a useful test to differentiate enterococcus casseliflavus and enterococcus gallinarum from enterococcus faecium species group and from enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus gallinarum and e. casseliflavus are difficult to differentiate from other enterococci, particularly e.faecium. the former two species were found to produce acid from methyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside in phenol red broth, while e.faecalis strains and strains of the e.faecium species group, including e.faecium, e.durans, e. hirae, and e.mundtii, failed to produce acid from this substrate. | 1996 | 8880532 |
| heat tolerance of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium. | the heat tolerance of 27 enterococcus faecium isolates in water was studied. stationary phase cultures including vancomycin resistant and sensitive clinical and food isolates were exposed to heat at 60 degrees, 65 degrees, 71 degrees, and 80 degrees c for one, three, 10, and 30 minutes and the log10 reductions in bacterial counts were determined. exposure at 71 degrees and 80 degrees c resulted in > 6 log10 reduction in viable counts for all isolates. seven (24%) isolates survived (< 5 log10 red ... | 1996 | 8881927 |
| investigation of bacterial resistance to hatchery disinfectants. | three commercial chicken hatcheries were sampled for environmental bacteria. isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to commercial preparations of quaternary ammonia, phenolic, and glutaraldehyde liquid disinfectants. bacterial isolates were exposed to several disinfectant dilutions bracketing the dilutions recommended by the manufacturer for 5-, 10-, and 15-min exposure periods before subculturing to broth medium. approximately 8% of the isolates from two of three hatcheries were resistant ... | 1996 | 8883778 |
| presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in farm and pet animals. | enterococcus faecium strains with vana-mediated glycopeptide resistance were isolated by enrichment culture from the intestines and feces of several animal species, mainly horses and dogs (8% positive), chickens (7% positive), and pigs (6% positive). other vana-positive enterococcal strains were identified as e. durans in gallinaceous birds, e. faecalis in a horse, and e. gallinarum in a pheasant. samples from pigeons, cage birds, and ruminants were negative. it was concluded that vancomycin res ... | 1996 | 8891131 |
| inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant bacteria by a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic. | ly191145 is a p-chlorobenzyl derivative of ly264826 (a82846b) with activity against both vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci. incorporation of l-[14c]lysine into peptidoglycan of intact vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococcus faecium was inhibited by ly191145 (50% inhibitory concentrations of 1 and 5 microgram/ml, respectively). inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of udp-muramyl-peptide precursors in the cytoplasm. this agent inhibited late-stage steps in peptidog ... | 1996 | 8891144 |
| a vancomycin-inducible lacz reporter system in bacillus subtilis: induction by antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis and by lysozyme. | we have constructed a bacillus subtilis strain in which expression of a vanh::lacz gene fusion is regulated by vanr and vans of enterococcus faecium. this construct allows a nonpathogenic bacterial strain to be used as a model system for studying regulation of vancomycin resistance. antibiotics and enzymes that affect cell wall biosynthesis and stability were tested for the ability to induce lacz expression. as a result, fosfomycin and d-cycloserine were added to the group of peptidoglycan synth ... | 1996 | 8892834 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium on a pediatric oncology ward: duration of stool shedding and incidence of clinical infection. | to determine the duration of stool shedding and incidence of clinical infection among pediatric oncology patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) in our institution. | 1996 | 8895914 |
| pseudo-outbreak of enterococcus durans infections and colonization associated with introduction of an automated identification system software update. | enterococci are an important cause of hospital-acquired infections. since 1989, there has been an increase in the number of nosocomial enterococcal infections caused by strains resistant to vancomycin in the united states. although many enterococcal species can colonize humans, only enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium, e. raffinosus, and e. casseliflavus have been implicated in clusters of infection. in january 1996, the centers for disease control and prevention received a report of an outbreak o ... | 1996 | 8897165 |
| comparative in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against multidrug resistant enterococcus faecium. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 82 strains of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium (vref), (49 vana and 33 vanb) from over 13 hospitals in europe and united states were studied. the mic for several antibiotics showed high levels of resistance to vancomycin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and imipenem. all vref strains were highly susceptible to quinupristin/dalfopristin with a mic 90% of 0.5 microgram/ml for both vana and vanb phenotypes. time-kill and synergy studies of vref for quinupristin/dal ... | 1996 | 8902408 |
| anti-infectious state induced by chronic experimental infection with enterococcus faecium. | | 1995 | 8904120 |
| factors influencing the vitek gram-positive susceptibility system's detection of vanb-encoded vancomycin resistance among enterococci. | studies were conducted to identify factors contributing to the inability of the vitek gram-positive susceptibility system (gps; biomerieux, vitek, inc., hazelwood, mo.) to reliably detect vanb-mediated vancomycin resistance among enterococci. to some extent the accuracy of the gps depended on a particular strain's level of resistance, as all isolates for which vancomycin mics were > or = 128 mu g/ml were readily detected but detection of resistance expressed by several strains for which mics wer ... | 1996 | 8904441 |
| overgrowth of enterococcus faecium in the feces of patients with hematologic malignancies. | the objective of this study was to characterize the overgrowth and susceptibility of enterococcus faecium, compared with that of other enterococci, in the feces of patients with hematologic malignancy. during a 52-week period, surveillance samples of feces were cultured weekly. three hundred thirty-three samples were obtained from 92 patients. e. faecium outnumbered other enterococci in 170 (44%) of the samples, while the opposite was true in 119 (31%) of the samples. fecal overgrowth of e. faec ... | 1996 | 8909828 |
| nosocomial infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in liver transplant recipients: risk factors for acquisition and mortality. | the risk factors for acquisition of and mortality due to nosocomial infection with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) in orthotopic liver transplant (olt) recipients were studied at a tertiary care hospital; 32 vref-infected olt patients (cases) were compared with 33 randomly selected olt recipients (controls). more antibiotics were administered preoperatively to cases (mean, 4 antibiotics per patient for 474 antibiotic-days) than to controls (mean, 1.8 antibiotics per patient for ... | 1996 | 8909841 |
| risk factors associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infection or colonization in 145 matched case patients and control patients. | risk factors and mortality associated with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) infection or colonization were examined at a tertiary care hospital by comparing 145 patients who had vref isolates (cases) to 145 patients with vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecium (vsef) isolates (controls). the number of deaths per 100 person-days of hospitalization after diagnosis did not differ significantly between vref patients (1.2) and vsef patients (0.8). multivariate analyses found that ... | 1996 | 8909842 |
| gentamicin resistance gene transfer from enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium to staphylococcus aureus, s. intermedius and s. hyicus. | transfer of gentamicin resistance from enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium to staphylococcus aureus, s. hyicus and s. intermedius was accomplished by filter mating. transfer from e. faecalis was plasmid mediated and a probe to the gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2") hybridized to hindiii fragments of various sizes (7.5, 6.2 and 4.7 kbp) of these plasmids. transfer from e. faecium was apparently to the chromosome in 9 of 10 instances with hindiii fragments of 3.3 or 3.0 kbp hybridizing to ... | 1996 | 8914258 |
| 2-amino-4-oxo-5-substituted-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as nonclassical antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. | six novel 2-amino-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl)sulfanyl]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 7-12 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and as antitumor and/or antibacterial agents. the analogues contain a 5-thio substituent with a phenyl, 4'-chlorophenyl, 3',4'-dichlorophenyl, 4'-nitrophenyl, 3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl, and 2'-naphthyl on the sulfur, and were synthesized from the key intermediate 2-(pivaloylamino)-4-oxo-6-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine, 17. appropriately substi ... | 1996 | 8917644 |
| characterization and sequence analysis of a stable cryptic plasmid from enterococcus faecium 226 and development of a stable cloning vector. | a small cryptic plasmid, pmbb1, isolated from enterococcus faecium 226 was characterized. the plasmid contained an extremely stable replicon which has limited homology to the lactococcal plasmid pci305. sequence analysis of the replicon detected one open reading frame of 822 bp capable of encoding a 32-kda protein. no detectable single-stranded intermediates were found for the replicon, suggesting that pmbb1 may be included in the same family as pci305, although pci305 exhibits a more narrow hos ... | 1996 | 8919818 |
| the effect of salinomycin and lasalocid on laboratory cultures of enterococcus faecium and staphylococcus gallinarum strains. | the growth of enterococcus faecium strains ccm 4231 and ef 26, and staphylococcus gallinarum sg 31 was inhibited by salinomycin and lasalocid at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/l. staphylococcus gallinarum was more sensitive to the additives used than were enterococci. maximum inhibition (90%) was measured after the growth with the sg 31 strain in the presence of both ionophores. growth of organisms was more inhibited by salinomycin at 25 mg/l (67.5%) than at 50 mg/l (63%). the inhibitory effect ... | 1995 | 8919932 |
| manipulation of a hospital antimicrobial formulary to control an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | infection control practices are not uniformly successful in limiting outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). despite the implementation of barrier precautions for vre-infected patients, nearly one-half of the inpatients at our center were found to have gastrointestinal colonization by vre. in an attempt to control the outbreak, we altered the antibiotic formulary by restricting the use of cefotaxime and vancomycin and adding beta-lactamase inhibitors to replace third-generation ceph ... | 1996 | 8922796 |
| epidemiology of an outbreak due to glycopeptide-resistant enterococcus faecium on a leukaemia unit. | the clinical and molecular epidemiology of two clusters of colonization and infection of patients by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (gre) on a leukaemia and bone marrow transplantation unit was studied over a two-and-a half-year period. thirty-five patients became colonized, of whom six developed clinical infections. of the 53 isolates of gre, 49 were enterococcus faecium, multiply-resistant to vancomycin and ampicillin. dna fingerprinting of 48 e. faecium isolates by pulsed-field gel electr ... | 1996 | 8923271 |
| efficacy of abt-719, a 2-pyridone antimicrobial, against enterococci, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in experimental murine pyelonephritis. | abt-719 is a 2-pyridone antimicrobial which inhibits dna gyrase activity. it has considerable subcutaneous (sc) and oral efficacy in the treatment of experimental pyelonephritis induced in carrageenan-treated mice by clinical isolates of enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. therapeutic ed50s, defined here as producing a 2 log10 reduction in kidney bacterial burden, provide a reliable end point for comparison of drug efficacy in this experimen ... | 1996 | 8937959 |
| binding of extracellular matrix proteins by enterococci. | forty-four enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens were investigated for binding of 125i-labeled fibronectin, vitronectin, thrombospondin, lactoferrin, and collagen type i and iv, and for cell surface hydrophobicity. most strains expressed low binding of iodine-labeled human fibronectin, collagen i and iv, and higher binding of human vitronectin, human lactoferrin, and human thrombospondin. bacteria grown in todd-hewitt broth exhibited increased binding to vitronectin and thr ... | 1997 | 8939794 |
| susceptibility of ciprofloxacin-resistant staphylococci and enterococci to trovafloxacin. | the susceptibilities of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and enterococci obtained over a 13-year period were tested for trovafloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone, and ciprofloxacin. for mrsa, mic50 values for trovafloxacin increased from 0.03 microgram/ml to 1 microgram/ml from 1984-1985 to 1995-1996, but were lower than those noted for ciprofloxacin, which increased from 0.25 microgram/ml to > 8 micrograms/ml during the same period. trovafloxacin also showed lo ... | 1996 | 8950524 |
| serological investigation of enterococcal infections using western blot. | to assess the usefulness of western blot in the diagnosis of enterococcal infections, a pilot study was conducted with a newly developed western blot using sera from patients with confirmed enterococcal infections. sera from 17 of 19 patients with enterococcal endocarditis reacted strongly to enterococcal antigens on the western blot, and most produced specific bands at molecular weights 98 kda and 54 kda. sera from patients with bacteremic cholangitis and pyelonephritis reacted frequently as we ... | 1996 | 8950564 |
| treatment of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium infections. | to define the clinical characteristics of patients infected with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) and the outcome of the infections without the availability of effective antimicrobial therapy. | 1996 | 8951301 |
| incidence of high-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci at johannesburg hospital. | to document the incidence of high-level gentamicin resistance (hlgr) in enterococcal isolates at johannesburg hospital. | 1996 | 8955734 |
| glycopeptide-resistant enterococci isolated from uncooked meat. | | 1996 | 8961065 |
| long-term (6 months) effect of a new fermented milk product on the level of plasma lipoproteins--a placebo-controlled and double blind study. | we have recently demonstrated a short-term hypocholesterolemic effect (reduction of 8-10%) of a new fermented milk product taken for 6 weeks (agerbaek et al, 1995; richelsen et al, 1993). the present study was undertaken to investigate the more long-term (6 months) effect of this fermented product on the level of lipoproteins. | 1996 | 8968702 |
| continuous infusion of methylene blue for septic shock. | nitric oxide has been determined to be a potential mediator of the haemodynamic changes associated with sepsis. the haemodynamic eects of nitric oxide can be partially antagonised by methylene blue, through inhibition of the enzyme, guanylate cyclase. the case report presented here demonstrates a beneficial haemodynamic eect of continuous infusion of methylene blue during sepsis. these findings could be extrapolated to other patients or prompt additional research. | 1996 | 8977944 |
| emergence of vancomycin resistance in the genus streptococcus: characterization of a vanb transferable determinant in streptococcus bovis. | streptococcus bovis nem760 was isolated from a stool swab collected on admission from a patient as surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. strain nem760 was identified as s. bovis by conventional biochemical methods and partial sequence analysis of its 16s rrna. this strain was resistant to a low level of vancomycin (mic, 64 micrograms/ml) but was susceptible to teicoplanin (mic, 1 micrograms/ml), and vancomycin induced resistance to both glycopeptides. the presence of a vanb-related ... | 1997 | 8980749 |
| the vans sensor negatively controls vanr-mediated transcriptional activation of glycopeptide resistance genes of tn1546 and related elements in the absence of induction. | transposon tn1546 from enterococcus faecium bm4147 encodes a histidine protein kinase (vans) and a response regulator (vanr) that regulate transcription of the vanhax operon encoding a dehydrogenase (vanh), a ligase (vana), and a d,d-dipeptidase (vanx). these last three enzymes confer resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics by production of peptidoglycan precursors ending in the depsipeptide d-alanyl-d-lactate. transcription of vans and the role of vans in the regulation of the vanhax operon were ... | 1997 | 8981985 |
| importance of using relapse studies or tests for detection of antibiotic resistance before considering that a treatment for multidrug-resistant enterococcal experimental endocarditis is effective. | | 1997 | 8985229 |
| long-term survival of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium on a contaminated surface. | | 1996 | 8985758 |
| two investigational glycylcyclines, dmg-dmdot and dmg-mino. antimicrobial activity studies against gram-positive species. | dmg-dmdot (cl-331,002 or cl-331,928) and dmg-mino (cl-329,998 or cl-344,677) are two new semisynthetic tetracyclines called glycylcyclines, with a broad spectrum of activity and includes enterobacteriaceae, gram-positive cocci, jk diphtheroids, and bacillus cereus. potent activity was demonstrated against all streptococcus spp. strains [minimum inhibitory concentrations] (mic90s) 0.06-0.25 micrograms/ml) and staphylococci (oxacillin susceptible ans resistant; mic90s 0.12-2 micrograms/ml). both g ... | 1996 | 8988765 |
| activity of the quinupristin-dalfopristin combination (rp-59500; synercid) tested against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus species. | | 1996 | 8988766 |
| emergence of increased resistance to quinupristin/dalfopristin during therapy for enterococcus faecium bacteremia. | | 1997 | 8994759 |
| enterococci acquire new kinds of resistance. | in recent years, enterococci have become increasingly resistant to a broad range of antimicrobial agents. the development of high-level resistance to aminoglycosides, penicillins, and glycopeptides singly and in combination has important clinical implications. strains of enterococcus faecium that are resistant to every useful available antibiotic have been described. resistance to penicillin can be due to overproduction of penicillin-binding protein (which has low affinity for penicillins) or to ... | 1997 | 8994783 |
| approaches to limiting emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria in human populations. | infectious diseases continue to be major threats to human health around the world. within the past few years, several divergent groups of organisms have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality. included among these are bacteria that are refractory to therapy because of the development of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. multidrug resistance in strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcus pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, salmonella typhi, and enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 8994792 |
| clonal dissemination and colony morphotype variation of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium isolates in metropolitan detroit, michigan. | thirty-two isolates of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vre) recovered from 25 patients hospitalized at six hospitals in the metropolitan detroit, mich., area over a 32-month period were examined for relatedness by repetitive-sequence pcr (rep-pcr). all isolates were shown to carry the vana gene by pcr. the rep-pcr patterns generated from each isolate showed that the first three vre isolates obtained from hospital a between june 1992 and february 1994 were distinct strains. thereafter, ... | 1997 | 9003602 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel ketolide antimicrobial agent, ru-64004. | ketolides, a novel macrolide subclass, possess a mode of action that is similar to that of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) compounds. by using reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of ru-64004 was compared to those of six other mls compounds against more than 800 clinical pathogens, including 356 gram-positive organisms. the spectrum of activity of the ketolide was most similar to that of clindamycin versus staphylococci and streptococci and superior to t ... | 1997 | 9021207 |
| in vitro activity and spectrum of ly333328, a novel glycopeptide derivative. | reference methods were used to determine the potency of ly333328, a semisynthetic glycopeptide derivative with a key n-alkylation substitution, against 833 strains (393 gram-positive strains and representative gram-negative bacilli) with various defined resistance mechanisms. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (in micrograms per milliliter) of ly333328 and the percentages of strains at < or = 8 micrograms/ml were as follows: for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aure ... | 1997 | 9021216 |
| change in prevalence and antibiotic resistance of enterococcus species isolated from blood cultures over an 8-year period. | | 1997 | 9021217 |
| pcr detection of sequences similar to the as-48 structural gene in bacteriocin-producing enterococci. | three oligonucleotide primers, specific for the structural gene of antimicrobial peptide as-48, were used to study the distribution of sequences similar to this gene in 15 independently isolated bacteriocin-producing enterococcus strains by semi-nested pcr. eight of 10 ent. faecalis strains and three of five ent. faecium strains gave a positive result in both reactions of the semi-nested pcr. these findings indicate that bacteriocins produced by many enterococcal strains are very closely related ... | 1997 | 9024003 |
| [corneal crystalline image in patient with keratoplasty]. | | 1996 | 9035717 |
| [vancomycin-resistant enterococci . work group hospital infection epidemiology]. | since 1995 patients with infections with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have been reported in rotterdam, the netherlands. from prevalence studies in the netherlands at the end of 1995 and the start of 1996, it appeared that 2% of the patients studied in and outside hospitals had vre. restrictive antibiotic prescription in human and veterinary medicine is indicated in order to postpone the problem. | 1997 | 9036340 |
| in-vitro pharmacodynamic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. | six isolates each of enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp., serratia spp., acinetobacter spp. and enterobacter spp. (total 60 strains) were studied against the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam plus gentamicin or ciprofloxacin at physiological concentrations by the microtitre chequerboard method incorporating simultaneous time-kill curves. tazobactam was fixed at ... | 1997 | 9044028 |
| [the use of the polymerase chain reaction method for the identification of representatives of the genus enterococcus]. | the possibility of the use of repetitive extragenic palindrome (rep)-specific primers to pcr-fingerprint analysis of enterococcus genomes has been shown for the first time. presence of the similar pcr products, and first of all the fragment 950 bp in size, has been observed in all the strains studied. differences in pcr-product composition displayed genetical heterogeneity between enterococcus faecium strains. these data evidence for the wide distribution of the rep, and rather high level of hom ... | 1996 | 9044717 |
| a novel gentamicin resistance gene in enterococcus. | enterococcus gallinarum sf9117 is a veterinary isolate for which the mic of gentamicin is 256 micrograms/ml. time-kill studies with a combination of ampicillin plus gentamicin failed to show synergism against sf9117. a probe representing aac(6')-aph(2") did not hybridize to dna from sf9117. a 3.2-kb fragment from plasmid pyn134 of sf9117 was cloned and conferred resistance to gentamicin in escherichia coli dh5 alpha. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the presence of a 918-bp open reading fra ... | 1997 | 9055984 |
| incidence and detection of multi-drug-resistant enterococci in dublin hospitals. | in february 1994, an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium (vrem) occurred in the oncology unit of a dublin hospital. between february and july 1994, vrem was isolated from 18 patients, one staff member and 14 environmental sites within the unit. the isolates also had high-level aminoglycoside and penicillin resistance. three pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) types were identified, two of them from multiple patients and environmental sites. plasmid typing allowed subdivisio ... | 1997 | 9060875 |
| specific species of intestinal bacteria influence the induction of aberrant crypt foci by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. | to shed light on the association of intestinal microflora with the development of colon cancer, we studied the modifying effects of intestinal microflora on the occurrence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (acf) in germfree (gf), gnotobiotic (gb) and conventionalized (cvd) rats. in the first part of this study, 10 week old germfree fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to three groups and two groups of rats were orally inoculated with mixtures of pure culture o ... | 1997 | 9065820 |
| growth and bacteriocin production by enterococcus faecium dpc1146 in batch and continuous culture. | production of the bacteriocin enterocin 1146 (e1146) by enterococcus faecium dpc1146 was studied in batch and continuous fermentation. growth was strongly inhibited by lactic acid. in batch fermentations maximum e1146 activity (2.8 mbu l-1) was obtained in 9 h with 20 g l-1 glucose. increase in initial glucose concentration did not lead to a proportional increase in e1146 activity. a simple linear model was found to be adequate to explain the relationship between specific bacteriocin production ... | 1997 | 9079290 |
| translation initiation factor if2 of the myxobacterium stigmatella aurantiaca: presence of a single species with an unusual n-terminal sequence. | the structural gene for translation initiation factor if2 (infb) was isolated from the myxobacterium stigmatella aurantiaca on a 5.18-kb bamhi genomic restriction fragment. the infb gene (ca. 3.16 kb) encodes a 1,054-residue polypeptide with extensive homology within its g domain and c terminus with the equivalent regions of if2s from escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, bacillus stearothermophilus, and streptococcus faecium. the n-terminal region does not display any significant homology to oth ... | 1997 | 9079922 |
| isolation of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium from food. | in a survey of vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecium (vref) in danish meat products, vref could be detected in 16% of 160 samples of broilers collected at slaughterhouses and in 15% of 26 samples of pork collected from the retail trade. vref were isolated by enrichment for 24 h in nutrient broth supplemented with vancomycin (50 micrograms/ml) prior to plating on slanetz and bartley agar. using direct plating on slanetz and bartley agar, vref could be isolated from only 1.7% of 540 samples of ... | 1997 | 9081226 |
| antibacterial activity of enterococci strains against vibrio cholerae. | thirty-seven strains of enterococci isolated from milk and milk products from santa fe (argentina) region were tested for antagonistic activity against vibrio cholerae 01 and non-01. seven of 17 strains of enterococcus faecalis, five of 10 strains of enterococcus faecium and four of 10 strains of enterococcus durans produced inhibition zones against the indicator species. the activity of the antibacterial compounds was completely destroyed by treatment with trypsin and pronase e in most cases (o ... | 1997 | 9081308 |
| primary and secondary structures of rrna spacer regions in enterococci. | the 16s-23s and 23s-5s rrna spacer dna regions (spacer regions 1 and 2, respectively) from enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus hirae, enterococcus durans and enterococcus mundtii were amplified by pcr. their nucleotide sequences were established and a secondary structure model showing the interaction between the two spacer regions was built. whereas lactococci and streptococcus sensu stricto are characterized by a single type of spacer region 1, the enterococci show a high ... | 1997 | 9084166 |
| active efflux of antimicrobial agents in wild-type strains of enterococci. | enterococci are intrinsically resistant to numerous antimicrobial agents. we examined the energy-dependent efflux of radiolabeled drugs from four reference strains of enterococcus faecalis and a strain of enterococcus faecium and found that most strains pumped out norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. efflux of tetracycline was detected only in certain strains. | 1997 | 9087510 |
| heterogeneous expression of glycopeptide resistance in enterococci associated with transfer of vanb. | in mating experiments using a clinical strain that constitutively expresses vanb-encoded glycopeptide resistance, resistance transfer was detectable at a frequency of <10(-7) transconjugants/donor. vancomycin mics for transconjugants were 2- to 10-fold lower than those for the donor; both inducibly and constitutively resistant transconjugants were obtained. these findings demonstrate that the transfer of vanb among enterococci can be associated with substantial alterations in the level and contr ... | 1997 | 9087511 |
| clinical and bacteriological characteristics of infective endocarditis in the elderly. | to determine the clinical and bacteriological features of infective endocarditis in the elderly. | 1997 | 9093046 |
| the protective role of dietary antioxidants (beta-carotene) against free radical formation in anaerobes with continued exposure to oxygen. | | 1997 | 9103299 |