| use of non-carbonated soft drinks to provide safe drinking water. | non-carbonated, low-calorie soft drink concentrates (cordials), when diluted according to manufacturers' instructions, had significant antibacterial effects in vitro. bacteria affected include vibrio cholerae, aeromonas hydrophila, shigella sonnei, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. with vibrios, bacterial counts were reduced from 10(6)/ml to undetectable numbers in less than 10 min. escherichia coli in an initial concentration of 10(6)/ml became undetectable after incubation for 1 h w ... | 1985 | 2409896 |
| experiences with serology of plesiomonas shigelloides. 1. o-antigenic structure. | with a set of 30 o-antisera, o-antigens were identified in 80% of 158 plesiomonas shigelloides strains. only strains of one serovar (018) regularly contained capsular antigen that caused their inagglutinability in the live state. two groups of serovars displayed some o-antigenic relationship: 03 and 029; 08, 011 and 012. each serovar in either group possessed a specific o-antigen and "group-common" minor antigens, which were designated i, ii and iii. serovar 017 possessed o-antigen identical wit ... | 1985 | 2410492 |
| [method for the statistical processing of the results of an immunoenzyme analysis]. | a method for the statistical processing of data having different distribution functions is proposed. this method consists in the use of integral distribution functions. the description of the method based on the use of soviet serial table-top microcomputers, model elektronika mk-56, with specially developed programs (primary statistical data processing and single-factor regression analysis) is presented. the possibilities of this method are illustrated, by way of example, by processing the resul ... | 1985 | 2412370 |
| 'o'-antigens are essential virulence factors of shigella sonnei and shigella dysenteriae 1. | a novel transposon mutagenesis system has been developed for shigella. we have used it to isolate specific mutants of shigella sonnei and shigella dysenteriae 1 that fail to produce lipopolysaccharide 'o' side chains. the virulence of the mutants was evaluated in the sereny test and in a hela cell invasion assay. all ho'-minus mutants failed to provoke a positive sereny reaction but retained the ability to invade hela cells. this demonstrates that 'o' side chains are virulence factors of s. sonn ... | 1985 | 2413650 |
| [use of immunoenzyme analysis for evaluating the specificity of the antibody recognition of the antigenic determinants of streptococcus group a]. | investigations carried out with the use of a celia system have revealed that antibodies in the sera of patients with primary erysipelas and antibodies in rabbit antiserum to the ribosomes of group a streptococcus specifically bind with adsorbed streptococcal ribosomes, recognizing the antigenic determinants of streptococcal ribosomes, which differ from those of individual gram-negative prokaryotes (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, salmonella minnesota). the modified celia sy ... | 1985 | 2413662 |
| genetic determinants of virulence in shigella and dysenteric strains of escherichia coli: their involvement in the pathogenesis of dysentery. | | 1985 | 2414072 |
| [specific antigens of the causative agents and their antibodies in the circulating immune complexes in acute dysentery]. | the level of circulating immune complexes has been determined in 53 patients in the dynamics of the disease. for the first time circulating immune complexes have been found to contain shigella sonnei k-antigen and shigella flexneri o-antigen, as well as iga, igg and igm to shigella. shigella antigens can be detected from the first week of the disease, and their occurrence does not depend on the level of circulating complexes in patients blood serum. | 1985 | 2414952 |
| [effect of levamisole immunocorrective therapy on the dynamics of infectious o-antigenemia and the clinical manifestations in dysentery patients]. | the immunocorrecting agent levamisole decreases the duration of infectious o-antigenemia, determined in the o-aggregate hemagglutination test and in the enzyme immunoassay, essentially accelerates the progress of convalescence and considerably decreases the possibility of the prolonged relapsing course of the disease in comparison with common methods of treatment. | 1986 | 2422855 |
| [nbt-test stimulation of neutrophilic granulocytes by bacterial preparations in healthy persons]. | | 1986 | 2425131 |
| analysis of cell division gene ftsz (sulb) from gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. | the ftsz (sulb) gene of escherichia coli codes for a 40,000-dalton protein that carries out a key step in the cell division pathway. the presence of an ftsz gene protein in other bacterial species was examined by a combination of southern blot and western blot analyses. southern blot analysis of genomic restriction digests revealed that many bacteria, including species from six members of the family enterobacteriaceae and from pseudomonas aeruginosa and agrobacterium tumefaciens, contained seque ... | 1987 | 2432055 |
| sporidesmin and gliotoxin induce cell detachment and perturb microfilament structure in cultured liver cells. | changes in cell morphology and cell adhesion occurred when cultured cells from the rat liver cell strain c3 were exposed to the fungal toxins, sporidesmin or gliotoxin. both toxins caused loss of attachment of the cells to the plastic of tissue culture plates and this effect was preceded by loss of actin cables. other changes included cytoplasmic vacuolation and blocked entry into s-phase of the cell cycle. under these conditions [3h]thymidine incorporation into the cells was also diminished but ... | 1986 | 2432076 |
| prevention of shigellosis by a salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei bivalent vaccine. | we genetically modified attenuated salmonella typhi strain ty21a to express the form i o polysaccharide antigen of shigella sonnei. three doses of this bivalent, live oral vaccine strain (1-8 x 10(9) organisms/dose) were given to young adults who, along with unvaccinated controls, were challenged one month later with pathogenic s. sonnei. the vaccinees had 40% protection against diarrhea and 56% against hematest-positive diarrhea. two of three vaccine lots provided higher levels of protection (5 ... | 1987 | 2437220 |
| comparative effects of adriamycin and dna-non-binding analogues on dna, rna, and protein synthesis in vitro. | drug-dna binding is claimed to be the basis by which the antitumor antibiotic adriamycin (doxorubicin) inhibits dna and rna synthesis in vitro. however, in preliminary studies the dna-non-binding adriamycin analogue n-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (ad 32) showed somewhat greater inhibition of dna and rna synthesis than adriamycin under identical conditions. the kinetics of macromolecule synthesis inhibition induced by adriamycin and ad 32, and the two principal dna-non-binding metabolite ... | 1987 | 2446792 |
| effects of substance p, neurokinin a and calcitonin gene-related peptide in human skin and their involvement in sensory nerve-mediated responses. | the effects evoked by intradermal injections of substance p (sp), neurokinin a (nka) or calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) were studied in 51 non-atopic subjects. sp and nka produced flare and weal, and cgrp produced an indurated erythema. the reactions to sp were strong, the flare being maximal 3-5 min after injection and the weal after 10-15 min. nka evoked a much weaker flare and a slightly weaker weal than did sp. cgrp produced a prominent long-lasting, indurated erythema with pseudopod ... | 1987 | 2446892 |
| [shigella toxicity in immunological tolerance]. | the toxic effect of killed and live shigella sonnei cultures on normal mice and on mice, tolerant to shigella o-antigen and to human erythrocytes of different blood groups (in the abo system) was under study. the toxicity of shigellae, introduced intraperitoneally, has been found to depend on their viability, on their capacity for penetration into the blood, and on the split character of immunological tolerance to shigella antigens. | 1987 | 2448979 |
| [relation of the immunosuppressivity of virulent shigella to the structure of o antigen]. | the capacity of filtrates of virulent shigella cultures (vsc) and their different fractions to render avirulent strains, injected intraperitoneally into mice simultaneously with these filtrates, capable of suppressing immune response (delayed hypersensitivity) has been studied. among the fractions of vsc filtrates, the lipoid fraction soluble in the mixture of ethanol and ether has proved to be active. active factors can be extracted from vsc filtrates by means of immunosorbents obtained from an ... | 1988 | 2452538 |
| independent regulation of m-csf and g-csf gene expression in human monocytes. | the macrophage and granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, m-csf and g-csf, act in vitro to induce proliferation and differentiation of monocyte and granulocyte progenitor cells, respectively. we show here that both of these csfs can be produced by stimulated human blood monocytes, but the m-csf and g-csf genes are independently regulated. recombinant human interleukin-3 (il-3) and gm-csf primarily induce expression of the m-csf gene and secretion of m-csf, whereas bacterial lipopolysaccharide p ... | 1988 | 2453227 |
| activation of the mas oncogene during transfection of monoblastic cell line dna. | using the tumorigenicity assay, we observed an activation of the mas oncogene during transfection of human acute myelocytic leukemia (ctv-2) dna. respective transfectants contained amplified mas sequences characterized by rearrangements in 5' and 3' noncoding regions that were transcribed into a 3.3 kb mas rna species. our data represent the second report on activation of the mas gene. | 1988 | 2453759 |
| [determination of the o antigen of shigella sonnei by a competitive immunoenzyme method]. | a technique for immunoenzymatic diagnosis of dysentery by shigella sonnei o-antigen was developed. for induction of antibodies to o-antigen rabbits were immunized by intravenous administration of a commercial antidysentery vaccine. specific antibodies to o-antigen belonging to class g immunoglobulins and not binding to o-antigens of sh. flexneri and salmonella typhimurium were obtained. beta-lactamase of bacillus licheniformis 749/c was used as a marker enzyme in the immunoenzymatic assay. to in ... | 1988 | 2454084 |
| the stability of o-antigen plasmid is determined by a chromosomal region of shigella dysenteriae 1. | it is well established that plasmids are involved in the expression of lipopolysaccharide in certain species of shigella. in shigella sonnei, both the biosynthesis of oligosaccharide side chains (o antigen), and cell invasiveness are controlled exclusively by a 120 megadalton (mda) plasmid. in shigella dysenteriae 1, a 10 kilobase (kb) plasmid is required for o-antigen production. shigella dysenteriae 1 strains devoid of this plasmid lose the ability to synthesize o antigen. interestingly, this ... | 1988 | 2454151 |
| [plasmid profile types of virulent and avirulent strains of phase-i shigella sonnei and their rough phase-ii and r-form variants]. | the study of s. sonnei in phase i, irrespective of their virulence, has revealed the existence of at least 3 types of profiles of large plasmids: (i)a having a single plasmid with a molecular weight of about 120 md; (i)b having, alongside plasmid pss120, a plasmid with a molecular weight of about 60 md; (i)c, represented only by vaccine strain 6s, having three plasmids with molecular weights of about 80, 60 and 37 md. the plasmid profiles of rough s. sonnei in phase ii are characterized by the a ... | 1988 | 2455394 |
| bacterial epitopes involved in the induction of reactive arthritis. | a panel of documented arthritogenic shigella flexneri strains as well as an epidemic-associated non-arthritogenic shigella sonnei control was used to identify a 2-megadalton plasmid specific to the arthritogenic strains. the plasmid, phs-2, contains a dna sequence that encodes a 22-amino acid polypeptide encompassing a pentapeptide homologous to part of the polymorphic region of the alpha-1 domain of hla-b27. these results suggest that molecular mimicry between arthritogenic bacterial-encoded ep ... | 1988 | 2462352 |
| [stimulation of the secretory iga system in monkeys by parenteral immunization with a ribosomal sonne dysentery vaccine]. | the experiment was made on 16 monkeys (rhesus macaques). only 1 out of 12 monkeys immunized with s. sonnei ribosomal vaccine and all 4 control monkeys fell ill as the result of oral challenge with s. sonnei virulent strain. the immunized monkeys stopped excreting shigellae earlier than the control monkeys. antibody to lipopolysaccharide (lps) in the serum and saliva of the monkeys were studied in the enzyme immunoassay with monospecific antibodies to human iga, igg and igm. a single injection of ... | 1988 | 2462772 |
| immunoglobulin m, a, and g antibody response to lipopolysaccharide o antigen in symptomatic and asymptomatic shigella infections. | the antilipopolysaccharide antibody response in sera obtained from subjects involved in 10 outbreaks of shigellosis occurring in israeli military field units was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a passive hemagglutination test. both tests were found to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of shigellosis. a significant antibody response was detected in 73 to 82% of the symptomatic and 48 to 60% of the asymptomatic subjects during the shigella sonnei and shigella flexn ... | 1989 | 2463995 |
| [specificity of the protective action of a ribosomal shigella vaccine and the absence of activity in the ribosomes from r mutants]. | the ribosomal preparations of s. sonnei and some other bacterial species were obtained by the method of differential centrifugation, and the specificity of their protective action was studied in the keratoconjunctivitis test on guinea pigs. the ribosomal preparations were introduced parenterally in a single injection, and their protective action was determined two weeks later by the challenge of the animals with s. sonnei virulent strain and the subsequent calculation of the efficiency index (ei ... | 1988 | 2464261 |
| [immunotropic activity of cyclophosphane]. | the sensitivity of ram erythrocyte-specific b-cells to cyclophosphane was studied. an antigen and two polyclonal activators, lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate, were used as the clone activators. the immunodepressant effect of cyclophosphane was found to depend on the degree of the immunocompetent clone activation. the maximal elimination of the clone under the influence of cyclophosphane occurred after its activation by the antigen and lipopolysaccharide. the drug exerted the minimal effect ... | 1988 | 2466690 |
| monoclonal antibodies delineate multiple epitopes on the o antigens of salmonella typhi lipopolysaccharide. | fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against salmonella typhi were produced and characterized. the specificities of the antibodies were determined by their binding patterns in an enzyme immunoassay, with a panel of lipopolysaccharides isolated from different bacteria. seven mabs reacted with s. typhi, salmonella enteritidis, and salmonella dublin (all belonging to serogroup d). one mab also reacted with salmonella paratyphi a and s. paratyphi b. five mabs reacted with s. typhi, s. enter ... | 1988 | 2466868 |
| [comparative diagnostic value of methods for detecting dysentery antigens in substrates of the patient's body]. | the comparative evaluation of different immunological methods, such as the enzyme immunoassay, the aggregate hemagglutination test and the complement fixation test, used for the detection of specific shigella antigens in biological body substrates obtained from 287 patients with acute dysentery caused by s. sonnei, s. flexneri and s. newcastle has been carried out. the enzyme immunoassay and the aggregate hemagglutination test most effective (97.5 +/- 0.5 and 92.4 +/- 0.9, respectively), the obj ... | 1989 | 2469267 |
| feeding by mucin and intestinal growth of some enteric bacterial pathogens. | enteroinvasive escherichia coli, salmonella typhi-murium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, as well as e. coli k-12 show dose dependent growth in minimal medium completed with purified hog gastric "granular mucin". this ability is based on alpha-galactosidase production: defective, melibiose (and galactose) non-fermenting k-12 mutant were unable to utilize mucin. the viability of the parent k-12 strain in the cecal content of mice is significantly higher than that of its mel- mutant phenotype. ... | 1988 | 2469280 |
| [incompatibility and the copy number of plasmid pkym is regulated by ribonucleic acid]. | | 1988 | 2469791 |
| [a comparison of the sorption capability and standardization of plates of different shapes for immunoenzyme analysis]. | the sorption characteristics of elisa plates manufactured by the moscow and leningrad plants and by some foreign firms are compared. sorption activities and standard specifications of the plates for chemically heterogeneous antigens like ovalbumin or shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharides and for complex antigens like mycobacterium tuberculosis or s. sonnei ribosomal fractions have been examined. sorption activities of the plates varied in tests with different antigens. the sorption activity and th ... | 1989 | 2473268 |
| [development and use of solid-phase test-systems for the detection of o-antigen of shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri]. | the possibility of the diagnosis of dysentery caused by s. sonnei and s. flexneri, as well as the determination of the dynamics of the distribution of specific o-antigen in the patient's body, by means of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system developed on the basis of antibody preparations obtained by immunosorption has been studied. the study has shown that for better diagnosis the use of fecal extracts is preferable in assays; when used in combination with bacteriological analysis, thes ... | 1989 | 2477970 |
| [use of immunoenzyme analysis in the rapid diagnosis and study of the characteristics of circulating o-antigen in biological fluids of patients with acute dysentery sonne]. | the data on the clinical approval of the original enzyme immunoassay system for the determination of somatic o-antigen in the blood serum and urine of patients with acute sonne dysentery are presented. the level of the antigen determined in the biological fluids of patients has been shown to depend on the severity of the disease. different types of dynamic curves, reflecting the level of o-antigen in the biological fluids of patients with acute sonne dysentery and characteristic of different cli ... | 1989 | 2477971 |
| [an immunoenzyme test-system for detecting the o-antigen to sonne's shigella]. | | 1988 | 2479999 |
| [use of an immunoenzyme test-system for detecting the o-antigen to sonne's shigella in clinical practice]. | | 1988 | 2480000 |
| [an immunoenzyme method for determining the o-antigen of sonne's shigella with the use of affinity isolated antibodies]. | the sensitivities of elisa systems for assays of shigella sonnei o-antigen, developed on the basis of specific rabbit antibodies isolated from antisera by different chromatography techniques have been compared. the highest specificity and sensitivity of o-antigen determination (0.5-1 ng/ml) is achieved when using affinity-isolated antibodies to o-antigen. clinical trials of this elisa system have been carried out. | 1989 | 2481140 |
| [o-specific l-hapten in the composition of shigella sonnei]. | along with classical lipopolysaccharide (lps), o-specific material not precipitated by ultracentrifugation has been isolated from the water-phenol extract of s. sonnei avirulent strain 9090 possessing complete antigenic properties. the purification of o-antigen contained in the supernatant fluid has been carried out by the gel filtration of the fluid, previously treated with ribonuclease, in a column packed with sephadex g-100. the polysaccharide nature of o-antigen thus obtained, the absence of ... | 1989 | 2482642 |
| [increase of muscle enzymes in shigella sonnei infection]. | | 1989 | 2491196 |
| lack of effect by prostaglandin f2 alpha and verapamil on calcium uptake by isolated corpora lutea from pseudopregnant rats. | | 1989 | 2492809 |
| convulsions associated with shigellosis in children. | | 1989 | 2497628 |
| [value of determining the spectrum of blood serum fatty acids in evaluating increasing the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of dysentery in children with prodigiozan and ephedrine]. | one hundred and ninety one children with acute sonne and flexner dysentery were observed with respect to the disease process, immunity indices and blood serum fatty acid spectrum. 104 children were treated with monomycin alone and 87 children were treated with the antibiotic in combination with prodigiozan and ephedrine as immunostimulators. it was shown that the recovery terms in the patients treated with the use of the immunostimulators decreased as compared to the patients treated with the an ... | 1989 | 2502081 |
| [clinical studies on patients with legal communicable diseases encountered from 1981 to 1986]. | patients with legal communicable diseases admitted to kawasaki municipal hospital between 1981 and 1986 were studied. ages of patients were over 15 year-old. during this period 115 patients were admitted. out of these patients 84 had shigellosis, and 9 had amebiasis. out of 20 salmonellosis, 18 were due to salmonella typhi and 2 were due to salmonella paratyphi-a, respectively. two were admitted because of cholera. out of the patients with shigellosis, 27 were domestic and 57 were foreign infect ... | 1989 | 2504839 |
| [in vitro susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to quinolone antibiotics]. | in this study, in vitro susceptibilities of 24 campylobacter strains isolated from fecal samples were tested for quinolone antibiotics. 13 of the strains were identified as c. jejuni and 11 of them were c. coli. antibiotics which were included in this study were ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin and fleroxacin. antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on mueller-hinton agar (supplemented with 5% sheep blood) using the agar dilution method. results showed that quinolone antibiotics are v ... | 1989 | 2518646 |
| shigellosis outbreaks at summer camps for the mentally retarded in new york state. | during 1987, four new york state summer camps for the mentally retarded and developmentally disabled experienced outbreaks of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis. cases occurred in 150 of 286 (attack rate (ar) = 52%), 167 of 295 (ar = 57%), and 25 of 114 (ar = 22%) persons in three camps, respectively; a fourth camp reported eight cases. epidemiologic investigation suggested point-source foodborne outbreaks in two camps, while person-to-person spread appeared to predominate in the other two. numerou ... | 1989 | 2530896 |
| [changes in the etiologic structure of sonne shigellosis in its multiyear dynamics]. | the dynamics of sonne dysentery morbidity in connection with changes in the structure of s. sonnei circulating among the population of leningrad for the period of 1959-1984 was studied. considering such sign as the leading fermentovar, three smaller periods were established in this stretch of time. changes in the structure of circulating shigellae were accompanied by changes in the intensity and direction of tendencies or decrease in the manifest and asymptomatic forms of infection, as well as i ... | 1989 | 2531524 |
| frameshifting is required for production of the transposase encoded by insertion sequence 1. | insertion sequence is1 has two coding frames, insa and insb, which are essential for its transposition. here, we show that a frameshifting event in the -1 direction from the 3' end region of the insa frame to an open reading frame (b' frame), extending from the 5' end of the insb frame, is involved in production of the insa-b'-insb fusion protein that has is1 transposase activity. the frameshifting event is likely to have occurred at the sequence aaaaac where the insa frame overlaps the b' frame ... | 1989 | 2543983 |
| [the effect of gram-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharides on the development of rauscher leukosis in balb/c mice]. | the dose-dependent action of shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps) on the development of acute erythroleukocytosis, as well as rauscher chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis, in balb/c mice sensitive to rauscher virus was shown. bordetella pertussis lps in the doses used in this investigation stimulated the development of both acute erythroleukosis and chronic myeloid and lymphoid leukosis in balb/c mice infected with rauscher virus. lipid a isolated from b. pertussis lps was found to produce ... | 1989 | 2544069 |
| substantia nigra as a site of origin of dopamine-dependent motor syndromes induced by stimulation of mu and delta opioid receptors. | opioid agonists having different affinity for delta and mu receptors were injected bilaterally in the substantia nigra (sn) of rats. the selective agonist of mu receptors n-mephe3,-d-pro4 morphiceptin (plo 17) produced a stereotyped behavior characterized by stereotyped sniffing and gnawing antagonized by the irreversible antagonist of mu receptors beta-funaltrexamine. in contrast, bilateral intranigral injection of the selective delta agonist d-pen2,d-pen5 enkephalin (dpdpe) elicited dose-depen ... | 1989 | 2546645 |
| the response to epstein-barr virus infection in sjögren's syndrome. | to assess the response to epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection in patients with primary sjögren's syndrome (ss), the frequency of detection of ebv dna was studied in salivary gland biopsies and the antibody and idiotypic response to the virus was compared with healthy controls and infectious mononucleosis (im). viral dna, detected by in-situ hybridization, was found in biopsies from two out of 12 patients with ss and six out of 10 controls. igg, iga and igm antibodies to the virus, measured by eli ... | 1989 | 2551311 |
| hydrogen peroxide mutagenicity towards salmonella typhimurium. | in bioassays conducted under controlled, comparable conditions, weak direct mutagenicity responses were observed for hydrogen peroxide in the standard (ames test) agar plate incorporation bioassay with salmonella typhimurium strains ta97, ta98, ta102, and ta1537, in a 20 min preincubation test with strains ta97, ta98, ta100, ta102, ta1537, and ta1538, and in a liquid incubation modification using strain ta1537. these results conclusively demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide is a weak mutagen, espe ... | 1989 | 2572065 |
| structural analysis of the o-glycosidically linked core-region oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins which express oncofoetal antigens. | glycoproteins were extracted from meconium samples of group o neonates of secretor type by pronase digestion followed by precipitation in 67% aqueous ethanol and separated into ii antigen enriched and depleted fractions by affinity chromatography. the latter fraction strongly expressed the oncofoetal antigens recognised by natural antibodies in mouse sera and the hybridoma antibody fc 10.2, and this activity was enhanced after mild acid hydrolysis to remove sialic acid and fucose residues. oligo ... | 1985 | 2580706 |
| overexpressed pp60c-src can induce focus formation without complete transformation of nih 3t3 cells. | nih 3t3 cells were transfected with plasmids containing moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeats and either chicken c-src or v-src genes. in contrast with the effects observed after transfection with plasmids containing c-src and avian retrovirus or simian virus 40 promoter-enhancers (h. hanafusa, h. iba, t. takeya, and f. r. cross, p. 1-8, in g. f. vande woude, a. j. levine, w. c. topp, and j. d. watson, ed., cancer cells, vol. 2, 1984; h. iba, t. takeya, f. r. cross, t. hanafusa, an ... | 1985 | 2582237 |
| calcitonin gene-related peptide in neural tissues: a phylogenetic study. | a heterologous radioimmunoassay using a rabbit antiserum raised against human calcitonin gene-related peptide (cgrp) was used to measure levels of immunoreactive cgrp (ir-cgrp) in the brain, pituitary, and spinal cord in species representing all classes of vertebrates from cyclostomes to mammals, except amphibians. all the brain extracts except those from the trout, goldfish, and iguana demonstrated the presence of ir-cgrp. pituitary extracts from all animals, except the ratfish, goldfish and tr ... | 1989 | 2583471 |
| ischemia-induced changes in brain levels of monoamines and their metabolites of mice and rats: some protective effects of naftidrofuryl. | employing two types of brain ischemic animal models, an attempt was made to evaluate the protective effect of naftidrofuryl as the normalizing effect on the ischemia-induced changes in the brain levels of monoamines and metabolites. 1) during 2 min ligation of both left and right common carotid arteries of mice, dopamine (da) content alone significantly decreased among three monoamines and four metabolites measured by a high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection method. pre ... | 1989 | 2593084 |
| causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis. | thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. infecting species were: shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; s. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; shigella flexneri, 23 cases; shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, 1 case. complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 ca ... | 1989 | 2594452 |
| cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of brachial artery diameter in sustained essential hypertension. | an exaggerated reflex response of forearm resistance vessels following stimulation of cardiac mechanoreceptors has been observed in human hypertension. in the present study we analyze the possibility that such an increased response also involves the large brachial artery. for that purpose, the influence of leg elevation in subjects in a supine position on brachial artery diameter and blood flow velocity was studied in 12 healthy, normal males and 17 males of the same age with sustained essential ... | 1989 | 2607141 |
| indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1. | it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ... | 1989 | 2620696 |
| indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1. | it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ... | 1989 | 2620696 |
| a clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. | we have treated 42 episodes of pediatric infections with sulbactam/ampicillin since 1987. included were 9 cellulitis, 9 urinary tract infections, 5 cervical lymphadenitis, 4 meningitis, 2 thoracic empyema, 2 osteomyelitis, 2 sepsis, 1 furuncle, 1 perianal abscess, 1 dental abscess, 1 peritonsillitis, 1 salmonellosis, 1 shigellosis, 1 peritonitis, 1 suppurative thyroiditis, 1 infective endocarditis. responsible pathogens were escherichia coli in 8, staphylococcus aureus in 6, hemophilus influenza ... | 1989 | 2637593 |
| [pefloxacin in the treatment of septicemia, purulent meningitis and salmonellosis]. | thirty two patients (16 female and 16 male), ranging in age from 13 to 80 years, were treated with pefloxacin (abactal) at the clinic of infectious diseases and febrile conditions. pefloxacin was applied parenterally in 21 patients with serious infections. 15 of the cases had the signs of verified septicemia, i. e. bacteriemia; 5 patients developed purulent meningitis, i. e. meningoencephalitis; and in one patient bronchopneumonia occurred. isolated causative agents (staphylococcus aureus, s. ep ... | 1989 | 2640275 |
| hallucinations as an initial manifestation of childhood shigellosis. | | 1989 | 2642551 |
| association of microneme antigens of plasmodium brasilianum merozoites with knobs and other parasite-induced structures in host erythrocytes. | the localization of plasmodium brasilianum antigens, common to merozoite micronemes and parasite-induced structures in the host erythrocyte, was determined by means of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies directed against blood stages of this parasite. all monoclonal antibodies reacted with micronemes. in addition, some reacted with either knob protrusions or caveolae of the host erythrocyte membrane; one reacted with a parasite-derived antigen present in the erythrocyte cyto ... | 1989 | 2643577 |
| association of microneme antigens of plasmodium brasilianum merozoites with knobs and other parasite-induced structures in host erythrocytes. | the localization of plasmodium brasilianum antigens, common to merozoite micronemes and parasite-induced structures in the host erythrocyte, was determined by means of immunogold electron microscopy and monoclonal antibodies directed against blood stages of this parasite. all monoclonal antibodies reacted with micronemes. in addition, some reacted with either knob protrusions or caveolae of the host erythrocyte membrane; one reacted with a parasite-derived antigen present in the erythrocyte cyto ... | 1989 | 2643577 |
| dissemination of trimethoprim-resistant clones of shigella sonnei in bulgaria. | bacterial dysentery due to shigella sonnei remains a serious public health problem in developed countries, including bulgaria. at the national shigella reference laboratory in sofia, 17,126 strains of s. sonnei from epidemics and sporadic cases collected from 1973 to 1987 were studied. antibiotic susceptibility testing, phage typing, colicin typing, and biotyping were performed for all strains to allow intraspecies differentiation and to track any clonal distribution. of all strains, 84.3% were ... | 1989 | 2647861 |
| emergence of highly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant shigella in a native american population: an epidemiologic study. | resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) emerged among shigella isolates from the navajo reservation in the southwestern united states in 1985, years after this antimicrobial agent came into common use. in the study area, tmp-smx resistance increased dramatically from 3 per cent in 1983 to 21 per cent in 1985. resistance was polyclonal and occurred in both s. sonnei and s. flexneri. no single plasmid was common to all resistant strains. however, all 28 tmp-smx resistant isolates exa ... | 1989 | 2650535 |
| bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles. | the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ... | 1989 | 2650618 |
| enzyme-capture assay for rapid detection of escherichia coli in oysters. | enzyme-capture assays (ecas) for escherichia coli beta-d-glucuronidase (gud) were performed directly from 24-h gas-positive lauryl tryptose broth (ltb) fermentation tubes that had been inoculated with oyster homogenate seeded with e. coli. the ltb-eca method yielded results in 1 day that were equivalent to those obtained in 2 days by an ltb and ec-4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-glucuronide (ec-mug) method. overall, 62 of 64 (97%) positive ec-mug broths from which e. coli was isolated were correctly ... | 1989 | 2650619 |
| clinical and experimental aspects of viral myocarditis. | picornaviruses are frequently implicated as the etiological agents of acute myocarditis. this association is based historically on serological evidence of rising antibody titers to specific pathogens and more recently on identification of viral genomic material in endocardial biopsy specimens through in situ hybridization. only rarely is infectious virus isolated from either the patient or the heart during periods of maximum myocardial inflammation and injury. thus, despite a probable viral etio ... | 1989 | 2650861 |
| cloning of regions required for contact hemolysis and entry into llc-mk2 cells from shigella sonnei form i plasmid: virf is a positive regulator gene for these phenotypes. | two distinct regions required for both contact hemolysis and entry into llc-mk2 cells were cloned into escherichia coli from the shigella sonnei form i plasmid, pss120. the first region was cloned into an e. coli hb101 strain containing noninvasive tn1 insertion mutants of the form i plasmid, and expression of ipa (invasion plasmid antigen) gene products was restored. the plasmid carrying the first region was then transformed into e. coli lacking the form i plasmid, and additional dna fragments ... | 1989 | 2651305 |
| shigellosis occurring in newborn nursery staff. | shigellosis is uncommon in the newborn nursery. we describe a case of shigella sonnei gastroenteritis occurring in a newborn. three of 32 health care providers caring for the infant acquired shigellosis. the neonate probably acquired the infection from its mother via vertical transmission. all six members of the infant's family had gastroenteritis and two siblings had stool cultures positive for shigella. transmission of shigella in the newborn nursery is potentially great. emphasis on handwashi ... | 1989 | 2654287 |
| studies with antibodies to cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells. subepithelial immune deposit formation after in vivo injection. | to investigate the role of glomerular epithelial cell (gec) membrane proteins in the in situ formation of subepithelial immune deposits, the authors raised a rabbit antiserum against gec that had been grown in culture (anti-gec). by indirect immunofluorescence (if) on normal rat kidney, anti-gec stained proximal tubular brush border (bb). after intravenous injection into animals, granular glomerular capillary wall staining for igg was present by ie and subepithelial immune deposits were identifi ... | 1989 | 2655461 |
| [localization of ssoii restriction endonuclease and methylase genes on the map of the p4 plasmid]. | the restrictional mapping of naturally occurring plasmid p4 from shigella sonnei 47 strain coding for the ssoii restriction endonuclease and methylase genes has been made. using the genetic engineering approach the locations of the ssoii host cell specificity system enzymes genes have been determined. | 1989 | 2657413 |
| effect of streptomycin administration on association of enteric pathogens with cecal tissue of mice. | the effect of streptomycin on the ability of shigella sonnei 3sr and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli 2sr to associate with cecal tissue of mice in vivo and in vitro was examined. after orogastric challenge, both pathogens associated in significantly greater numbers (p less than or equal to 0.05) with the cecal tissue of streptomycin-treated mice than with the tissue of untreated mice. the population levels of the pathogens were also significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the ce ... | 1989 | 2659535 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis associated with the consumption of raw oysters. | we describe an outbreak of shigella sonnei infection among 24 persons who had eaten raw oysters in restaurants in southeastern texas within five days before the onset of symptoms. the oysters in all eight restaurants were supplied by the same dealer, but examination of a routine water sample collected six days before the probable time of contamination showed the waters where the oysters were harvested to be free of fecal contamination, making widespread sewage contamination unlikely. the suspect ... | 1989 | 2664513 |
| purification, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607. | the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607 was purified by dye-ligand affinity chromatography. the protein was crystallized from solutions of high ionic strength, and one of the two crystal forms obtained has proven suitable for x-ray diffraction studies. preliminary analysis showed that these crystals belong to the tetragonal space group 1422. the unit cell dimensions are a = b = 180.7 a; c = 127.9 a. the diffraction pattern extends to better than 3 a resolution. crys ... | 1989 | 2668287 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1987]. | | 1989 | 2669032 |
| heterogeneity of responses to lh-releasing hormone and phorbol ester among rat gonadotrophs: a study using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh. | protein kinase c (pk-c) has been implicated in the action of lhrh because lhrh-induced release of lh is partially mimicked by phorbol esters which activate pk-c, and reduced in magnitude by inhibitors of pk-c. we have used a reverse haemolytic plaque assay for lh to visualize and compare the direct effects on individual rat gonadotrophs of (1) a 2-h exposure to a range of concentrations of lhrh and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (pma) and (2) a single maximally stimulatory dose (10 nm) of lhrh ... | 1989 | 2669809 |
| products of defective lysogeny in serratia marcescens smg 38 and their activity against escherichia coli and other enterobacteria. | from a series of serratia marcescens clinical isolates analysed with respect to bacteriocin production, one strain (smg 38) was exceptional in that it produced two distinct phage-tail-like bacteriocins differing in morphology, sedimentation, heat sensitivity, and host range. the more active component (bc25) was effective against serratia, while the other component (mcg) inhibited growth of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and shigella sonnei, but not serratia. plaque formation on tested ... | 1989 | 2674324 |
| indicators of spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazole test of polymorphous-nuclear leucocytes in acute dysentery patients. | 140 healthy individuals and 93 sick with acute dysentery were subjected to an examination by spontaneous and by bacterial preparations stimulated reaction with nitroblue tetrazole (nbt test). indicators in healthy persons were normal in the spontaneous, and increased in the nbt test, stimulated by bacterial preparations. indicators of the spontaneous nbt test in patients with acute dysentery were raised with a maximum in the period of early convalescence. stimulation by a live shigella culture-- ... | 1989 | 2681402 |
| [acute sonnei's dysentery complicated by perforation of the sigmoid colon and development of peritonitis]. | | 1989 | 2681972 |
| thymotaxin, a chemotactic protein, is identical to beta 2-microglobulin. | thymotaxin, an 11-kilodalton protein chemotactic for rat bone marrow hematopoietic precursors, was purified from media conditioned by a rat thymic epithelial cell line. the nh2-terminal sequence of thymotaxin was identical to that of rat beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m). antibodies to beta 2m removed thymotaxin activity from the fraction containing the 11-kilodalton protein. chemotactic activity was observed with rat plasma beta 2m, human beta 2m, and mouse recombinant beta 2m, further supporting ... | 1989 | 2683083 |
| [dissociation and ultrastructure of the cells of shigella sonnei isolated from gnotobiotes and obtained in vitro]. | the dissociation variants of s. sonnei in phase i, isolated from germ-free rats and obtained in vitro, have been studied. such dissociation variants have been found to form colonies with classical and atypical morphology. the electronmicroscopic study has revealed that different dissociation variants include small dense cells with the markedly thickened cell wall and pronounced microcapsule and spheroplasts with the damaged cell wall and less pronounced microcapsule. the formation of these cells ... | 1989 | 2683521 |
| [immunity indices during the vaccinal therapy of protracted forms of dysentery in children]. | the results obtained in the study of the dynamics of systemic and local immunity characteristics in children with prolonged and chronic dysentery under the influence of vaccinal therapy are presented. the vaccine, containing soluble antigenic complexes isolated from shigella sonnei cells by disintegration with hydroxylamine, was introduced intrarectally in doses of 2-4 mg. the course of treatment consisted of 5-6 administrations. the vaccinal therapy resulted in an increase in the level of immun ... | 1989 | 2683527 |
| detection of giardia antigen in stool samples by a semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay (eia) test. | a semi-quantitative enzyme immunoassay (eia) test for the detection of giardia intestinalis antigen in faeces was developed. in order to avoid unspecific reactions due to anticalf serum activity, igg fractions of anti-giardia rabbit and sheep sera were purified from antibovine antibodies by immunoadsorption. faecal specimens tested in the assay were mixed with normal horse serum to avoid unspecific and proteolytic effects of stool components. out of a range of bacterial and parasitic antigens te ... | 1989 | 2685985 |
| [problems in the epidemiology and prevention of intestinal infections]. | | 1989 | 2686152 |
| [modern theoretical and practical conceptions of the epidemiology of shigellosis]. | | 1989 | 2686310 |
| [a method for studying the effect of the geomagnetic field on the vital activities of microorganisms in the enteric family]. | the proposed method makes it possible to find out the direct influence of the geomagnetic field (gmf) on microorganisms of the family enterobacteriaceae (the genera escherichia, shigella, salmonella). different disturbances in the state of gmf, both in amplitude and frequency range, were modeled under laboratory conditions. microbial cells were cultivated in sterile artesian-well water or physiological saline with no organic substrate added. experiments were performed at room temperature for 5 a ... | 1989 | 2686312 |
| intravenous sulbactam/ampicillin in the treatment of pediatric infections. | a total of 82 patients involving 83 episodes of proven or presumed bacterial infection were treated with sulbactam/ampicillin. these included 36 cases of soft tissue infection or abscess, four cases of joint or bone infection, 20 cases of respiratory tract infection (17 cases of pneumonia, two of otitis media, and one of tonsillitis), 15 urinary tract infections, three cases of enterocolitis, one case of infective endocarditis, two cases of septicemia, and two of peritonitis. the causative patho ... | 1989 | 2686918 |
| turbidimetric microbiological assay results calculated by a basic computer program. | a basic computer program was used to calculate the results of microbiological vitamin assays. the program, which incorporates the official aoac guidelines for microbiological methods, reduces the uncertainty inherent in manual curve plotting and interpolation and minimizes the human error of repetitive calculations. because the basic programming language is well suited for use on self-contained personal computers, it can be easily adapted by small laboratories. | 1989 | 2687226 |
| jaundice in plasmodium falciparum. | thirty-two patients of smear positive plasmodium falciparum malaria having jaundice were analysed retrospectively. majority of the cases were in the age group of 31-40 years. serum bilirubin levels ranged from 2 mg to 40 mg%. fourteen (42.6%) had serum bilirubin above 10 mg%. conjugated bilirubinaemia was found in twenty one patients (65.5%), unconjugated in 4 (12.5%) while 7 patients (21.8%) had a mixed pattern. serum transaminases were high in 21.8% patients. twenty five patients (78%) had ass ... | 1989 | 2687227 |
| redox regulation of the genes for cobinamide biosynthesis in salmonella typhimurium. | transcription of the cobinamide biosynthetic genes (the cobi operon) was induced under three different physiological conditions: anaerobiosis (anaerobic respiration or fermentation), aerobic respiration at low oxygen levels, and aerobic respiration with a partial block of the electron transport chain. after a shift to inducing conditions, there was a time lag of approximately 50 min before the onset of cobi induction. under conditions of anaerobic respiration, the level of cobi transcription was ... | 1989 | 2687249 |
| isoenzyme analysis of typhoid-shigella and escherichia-shigella hybrid vaccines and their parental strains. | isoenzyme analysis can be used to measure phenotypic changes and to characterize bacterial strains. the use of isoenzyme analysis to characterize bacterial hybrid vaccine strains that were prepared for human vaccination is described in this report. the hybrid vaccine strains were two lots of salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine, two lots of escherichia coli-shigella flexneri vaccine, and their parental strains. the two lots of s. typhi-s. sonnei hybrid vaccine had only 5 of 11 reactive isoen ... | 1989 | 2687324 |
| biofilm model experiments in vitro with escherichia coli and shigella strains. | escherichia coli and shigella were cultured together in a glucose-free minimal medium completed only by hog gastric mucin. in mixed cultures inoculated simultaneously one member of the pair more or less overgrew the other. this organism remained predominant when superinfected with its strain pair after 1, 3, 5 or 7 days incubation. other signs of the quasi biofilm character of such cultures are the higher level of free polysaccharides and enhanced viscosity in the medium and higher streptomycin ... | 1989 | 2690554 |
| falciparum malaria--present day problems. an experience with 425 cases. | clinical details and present day problems encountered in 425 cases of falciparum malaria (pf) are reported. 10.11% had taken chloroquine prior to reporting to us. parasitic count done in 23.05% cases lacked correlation with severity of disease. pattern of fever varied markedly but 5.4% were afebrile throughout and presented only with bodyache and malaise. apyrexial spell was noted in 5.64%. 28.70% had typical facial looks of anaemia and sallow complexion. cerebral symptoms were noted in 3.05%. o ... | 1989 | 2693436 |
| [the plasmid heterogeneity of shigella sonnei phase-i and -ii strains]. | the plasmid composition of s. sonnei standard strains has been studied by the method of electron microscopy of the preparations of plasmid dna. in s. sonnei cells i-941-hp, phase i, plasmids of 2,500; 5,000; 5,600; 6,100 and 6,800 base pairs, as well as plasmids of 85,000-117,000 and 170,000-235,000 base pairs have been detected. in s. sonnei cells, phase ii, plasmids of 2,500; 4,900 and 6,100 base pairs, as well as plasmids of 85,000-109,000 base pairs, have been found. thus, virulent s. sonnei ... | 1989 | 2694691 |
| [resistance of shigella to antibiotics]. | antibiotic sensitivity of 104 shigella clinical strains and 104 escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with acute dysentery not treated with antibiotics in 1986-1987 was studied. it was shown that 100 per cent of the dysentery pathogens and colon bacilli were antibiotic resistant. strains resistant simultaneously to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, monomycin and kanamycin were the most frequent among the dysentery pathogens. colon bacilli and dysentery pathogens ... | 1989 | 2694990 |
| [the etiological structure of shigellosis in the ussr in recent years]. | the characterization of etiological structure of shigella infection in the whole of the ussr, in individual union republics and at a number of other administrative territories of the ussr in recent years is presented. s. flexneri has been shown to prevail at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population, and s. sonnei prevails at the territories with good water supply. at the former territories s. dysenteriae and s. boydii retain their etiological importance, while at the la ... | 1989 | 2698030 |
| [the importance of immunofluorescence and cytologic indices in the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of dysentery]. | | 1989 | 2699099 |
| [the effect of bacterial antigens on lymphocyte immune receptors in mice]. | it has been shown that the treatment of a suspension of lymphocytes obtained from spleens in mice by lps s. sonnei as well as by exotoxins cl. tetani and cl. botulinum has led to a notable reduction in the number of luminescent cells by comparison with control samples. the action of tested remedies was found to increase with their concentration. these was complete correlation between these results and the data obtained by the immunity rosette formation method. a reliable reduction was also noted ... | 1989 | 2699437 |
| fast elisa for measuring serum antibody responses. | a method which speeds up the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is described. the procedure uses a modified falcon fast assay screening system (becton dickinson labware, lincoln park, nj) and falcon round-bottom 96-well plates. antigen is adsorbed onto beads which extend from a lid and fit into 96-well plates. the beads are washed in a trough and reacted to antibody in the round-bottom plate. the labor required to wash the plates after coating with antigen, antibody or conjugate is thereb ... | 1989 | 2723439 |