| collaborative investigation of the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card. | the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card used in six separate laboratories to identify 170 representatives of enterobacteriaceae. the automicrobic system (vitek systems, inc.) performed with an accuracy of 97.8% as compared with 98.1% by the standard method selected and 97.6% by a commerically prepared manual system approach. during this time, 5,450 clinical isolates belonging to enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. compared with the routine methods used in the various laboratories, the automicrobic ... | 1980 | 7000819 |
| [some properties of bacteriocins from erwinia]. | the following properties of eight bacteriocins produced by erwinia strains were investigated: thermal stability, sensitivity to proteolytc enzymes and enzymes involved in nucleic acid catabolism, dialyzability through a cellophane membrane. their molecular weight was also measured. the bacteriocins proved to be protein substances with a molecular weight of 17,000--33,000 that differed in their thermal stability and sensitivity to proteolytic enzymes. | 1980 | 7001436 |
| genetics of erwinia species. | | 1980 | 7002034 |
| rapid procedure for detection and isolation of large and small plasmids. | procedures are described for the detection and isolation of plasmids of various sizes (2.6 to 350 megadaltons) that are harbored in species of agrobacterium, rhizobium, escherichia, salmonella, erwinia, pseudomonas, and xanthomonas. the method utilized the molecular characteristics of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) that is released from cells under conditions that denature chromosomal dna by using alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate (ph 12.6) at elevated temperatures. protein ... | 1981 | 7009583 |
| [polybiotrophy in bacteria]. | | 1981 | 7015081 |
| analysis of stereochemistry of enzymically formed pantoyl lactone or pantoic acid by gas chromatography and circular dichroism. | | 1981 | 7020480 |
| effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on survival of fecal and other bacteria. | the effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on the survival of bacteria of fecal and plant origin was studied. the decline in the numbers of escherichia coli cells in estuarine water samples was found to be significantly greater in the presence of both naturally occurring microbial predators and solar radiation than when each of these factors was acting independently. the effect of solar radiation on microbial predators was negligible, whereas the susceptibility of bacteria to li ... | 1981 | 7020590 |
| [conjugation transfer of chromosome markers in an erwinia chrysanthemi bacterial system. i. construction of a strain capable of transferring the chromosome during conjugation]. | the donor strain erwinia chrysanthemi vy1-10, capable of transferring chromosomal markers at a high frequency (4,7.10(-5)-1,8.10(-3) in crosses with the isogenic polyauxotrophic recipient strain e. chrysanthemi vy7 lac, thr1, leu1, pro1, his2, str-r, was obtained from the strain e. chrysanthemi ena49 flac+ (vy1) after growth at 28 degrees on the medium containing acridine orange. furthermore, the cells of the donor obtained are characterized by stable inheritance of lac+ character. | 1981 | 7033043 |
| anaphylactoid reactions to escherichia coli and erwinia asparaginase in children with leukemia and lymphoma. | the incidence and clinical characteristics of anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous asparaginase were assessed in 196 patients given e. coli asparaginase and 49 patients given erwinia asparaginase. all patients were given a 50 iu intravenous test dose followed in 30 min by the full dosage (10,000 iu/m2), if no reaction occurred to the test dose. twenty-nine of 196 patients (14.8%) given e. coli asparaginase had an anaphylactoid reaction, occurring after their first through 12th doses. the proba ... | 1982 | 7037164 |
| asparaginase and amino acids in cancer therapeutics. cancer and leukemia group b investigators. | asparaginase was found ineffective in improving induction frequency of acute lymphocytic leukemia of children from vincristine and prednisone, but prolonged remission duration. prolongation of remission duration was accomplished more effectively and at lower toxic cost by administration of asparaginase after the vincristine and prednisone treatment had been completed. asparaginase is markedly more effective against human leukemia t-cells in vitro than against several types of b-lymphocytes. this ... | 1981 | 7049376 |
| enzymatic synthesis of purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyriboside. | | 1980 | 7053061 |
| an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase implicated in the regulation of extracellular pectate lyase production in erwinia chrysanthemi. | pectic enzymes in the supernatants of erwinia chrysanthemi cultures in late-logarithmic-phase growth on d-galacturonan were resolved into three components: two pectate lyase isozymes and an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase previously unreported in this organism. the hydrolytic enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, preparative electrofocusing in ultrodex gel, and gel filtration through ultrogel aca54. the enzyme had a specific activity of 591 mumol/min per mg of ... | 1982 | 7056698 |
| [physicochemical and biological properties of the dna of virulent and temperate erwinia carotovora phages]. | dna of virulent and moderate e. carotovora viruses, of marked at-type, was shown to have molecular weights determine by 2 independent methods from 49.2 to 54 and 28 to 29.8 md, respectively. the genomes of the viruses under study differed by the point and curve profiles of the melting temperature and sedimentation constant. dna of the moderate phage contains an unidentified abnormal base and has no free cohesive ends. dna of the moderate virus contains 15% of nucleotide sequences homologous with ... | 1982 | 7072231 |
| [properties of a toxic substance from erwinia carotovora var. citrullis]. | the toxic substance of erwinia carotovora, isolated in a pure form, is a protein-polysaccharide complex with molecular weight of 90000 daltons. the protein part of the complex contains 17 amino acids with the prevalence of dicarbonic acids and with insignificant quantities of thyrosine and phenylalanine, while the polysaccharide part of the complex contains 6 sugars. the antigenic specificity of the complex is linked with its hydrocarbon part, and the toxicity of the complex is determined by pro ... | 1982 | 7080758 |
| [induction of bacteriocin synthesis in erwinia cells]. | the effect of uv light and mitomycin c as inductors of bacteriocins biosynthesis by erwinia was studied. 46 strains of erwinia were tested and the synthesis of bacteriocins was induced by irradiation with uv light only in 14 of them. the irradiation dose providing the highest increase of the bacteriocin titer was different for every strain. the survival of the strains ranged within 0.06 to 11.3 per cent. the time course of the bacteriocin synthesis induced by uv light in 9 strains of erwinia was ... | 1982 | 7092190 |
| hand carriage of aerobic gram-negative rods by health care personnel. | a quantitative culture technique (hand washed in a glove containing broth for 30 s) was used to determine the frequency of hand carriage of aerobic gram-negative rods by various groups of health care workers and 104 control subjects. overall, 31% of health care workers carried aerobic gram-negative rods on their hands compared to 59% of control subjects (p < 0.001). enterobacter agglomerans accounted for 40% of the isolates, and other enterobacter spp. 7%. other organisms included acinetobacter ... | 1982 | 7097001 |
| immunological and pharmacological characterization of poly-dl-alanyl-modified erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase. | the covalent attachment of poly-dl-alanine peptides to lysyl residues on the surface of erwinia carotovora l-asparaginase has produced a modified enzyme which is much less immunogenic in mice and demonstrates 100-fold longer plasma half-life in the rhesus monkey. immunogenic responses towards both the immunoglobulin g (igg) and immunoglobulin e (ige) antibody subclasses were evaluated in c57bl x dba/2 f1 mice exposed to 250 rads of whole-body irradiation 4 hr prior to immunization with 5-diazo-4 ... | 1982 | 7105004 |
| fructan from erwinia herbicola. | levan production by strains of erwinia herbicola is common, and this property has some taxonomic significance for species differentiation within the "herbicola" group. the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by strain 403 was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and methylation analysis. results showed it to be a typical bacterial levan. | 1982 | 7107561 |
| plasmid-borne determinants of pigmentation and thiamine prototrophy in erwinia herbicola. | strains of erwinia herbicola lost yellow pigmentation and thiamine prototrophy at high frequency when grown at elevated temperature (38 degrees c) or in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. all pigmentless, thiamine-auxotrophic variants had lost a large plasmid (ca. 350 megadaltons). conversely, all pigmented, thiamine-prototrophic strains contained the large plasmid. the evidence presented indicates that pigmentation and thiamine prototrophy are specified or controlled by genes carried on th ... | 1982 | 7107564 |
| sq 27,860, a simple carbapenem produced by species of serratia and erwinia. | | 1982 | 7118721 |
| [electron microscopic structure of erwinia carotovora moderate phage 59 and its dna]. | electron microscopic examinations showed the moderate phage 59 erwinia carotovora to consist of a head of icosahedral shape 50.0+/- +/-2.5 nm in diameter, a noncontractile process 150.0+/-3.5 nm in length and 8.2+/-1.0 nm in diameter with a basal plate of 20.0+/-1,5 nm. the head of the virion of 45.9 x 10(3) nm3 in volume is formed by 812 morphological subunits about 3.0 nm in diameter; the number of structural subunits is 4860 on the basis of triangulation number (81). the process of the virus ... | 1982 | 7123916 |
| [isolation and characteristics of a new temperate phage ec-3 of erwinia carotovora]. | | 1982 | 7154993 |
| [properties of the bacteriocin of erwinia aroideae]. | erwinicin, produced by erwinia aroideae cells, consists of rod-shaped particles. the molecular weight of such particles, determined by the method of sedimentation in saccharose gradient, is 15 megadaltons. the size of the particles is 14 x 160 nm. the preparations of erwinicin are thermolabile, insensitive to the action of rnaase, pronase, dnaase and possess antigenic properties. the synthesis of erwinicin is an inducible process. | 1980 | 7190345 |
| bacterial growth in ground beef prepared from electrically stimulated and nonstimulated muscles. | ground beef samples prepared from electrically stimulated and nonstimulated biceps femoris and infraspinatus muscles were inoculated with lactobacillus sp., pseudomonas sp., acinetobacter sp., or a mixture of lactobacillus spp., pseudomonas spp., acinetobacter spp., moraxella sp., microbacterium thermosphactum, and erwinia herbicola. there were no significant differences in growth of various bacteria in ground beef made from electrically stimulated and nonstimulated muscles. | 1981 | 7195194 |
| enterobacteria differentiated by gas-liquid chromatography of metabolites. | the short chain acids of 47 strains within the family enterobacteriaceae grown on prereduced, anaerobically sterilized peptone yeast-extract glucose broth (pras py g) under standardized conditions were determined by gas-liquid chromatography (glc). the bacteria could be subdivided into six groups on the basis of their metabolites. acetate, lactate, succinate and ethanol were detected from all strains and constituted a set of basic fermentation products, p, mirabilis, in addition, produced propan ... | 1981 | 7198354 |
| [experimental rabbit corneal infection caused by erwinia herbicola. ii. the variation of the agglutination titer and number of peripheral lymphocytes (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7211610 |
| dinitrogen-fixing bacteria: computer-assisted identification of soil isolates. | dinitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria may be readily isolated from soils but extensive biochemical or immunobiological testing, or both, are required to identify them absolutely. a computer-assisted scheme for identification of nine genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria was developed and tested. the computer program is based on interpretation of the 70 biochemical tests of the api 20e and 50e, supplemented with tests for acetylene reduction, nitrate and nitrite reduction, catalase, oxid ... | 1980 | 7214218 |
| a single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils. | a single medium, containing standard basal salts and three common carbon sources (sucrose, mannitol, and sodium lactate) is proposed to replace nitrogen-free media in common use for isolating dinitrogen-fixing bacteria. eight commonly isolated genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacterial exhibited growth on this combined carbon medium that equalled or bettered growth on other carbon-containing media. combined carbon medium also yielded the highest counts of putative dinitrogen-fixing bacteria from thre ... | 1981 | 7214234 |
| numerical and dna: dna reassociation analyses of erwinia rubrifaciens and other members of the enterobacteriaceae. | phenetic data on 75 strains of erwinia and other representative genera of the enterobacteriaceae were collected and analysed using two numerical taxonomic methods. in both methods the same subclusters were recovered. the subclusters, however, were defined at different similarity levels and were classified into clusters of different composition. erwinia rubrifaciens strains formed a very tight, homogeneous subcluster, completely distinct and readily distinguishable from other erwinia and enteroba ... | 1980 | 7217917 |
| a new and facile synthesis of purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyribosides by a combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions. | an enzymatic synthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-2-chloroinosine and its chemical conversion to purine 2'-amino-2'-deoxyribosides are described. in addition, some of 2'-amino-2'-deoxy-ribosides of 6-substituted purine were also prepared from 2'-amino-2'-deoxyinosine. | 1980 | 7255182 |
| [comparative studies on the skin and inhalation tests with erwinia herbicola allergen in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis]. | | 1980 | 7255211 |
| [early results of specific desensitization with erwinia herbicola allergen in bronchial asthma]. | | 1980 | 7255212 |
| affinity chromatography of some pyridoxal phosphate-requiring enzymes on cibacron blue f3ga-agarose. | tyrosine phenol-lyase from erwinia herbicola was purified from a cell-free extract in a single step on cibacron blue f3ga-agarose. the protein was purified as the apoenzyme and was unstable after affinity chromatography. alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase from porcine heart also bound to cibacron blue f3ga-agarose. these enzymes were partially purified as holoenzymes from a crude porcine heart extract by elution with nadh and kcl. alanine aminotransferase was purified 19 fol ... | 1980 | 7255863 |
| properties of stearylamine liposomes containing tyrosine phenol-lyase. | the activity of tyrosine phenol-lyase, a chemotherapeutic enzyme with a dissociable pyridoxal phosphate cofactor, was studied after incorporation into multilamellar positively charged liposomes. tyrosine phenol-lyase activity was assessed in the presence and absence of exogenous pyridoxal phosphate. a maximum of 75% total enzyme activity was associated with liposomes when prepared from a molar lipid ratio of egg lecithin, cholesterol, stearylamine (7 : 2 : 1, w/w). the total tyrosine phenol-lyas ... | 1981 | 7260115 |
| [fatty acid composition of bacteria in the genus xanthomonas]. | | 1981 | 7278713 |
| [septicaemia caused by erwinia herbicola in an 8-year-old boy (author's transl)]. | a child suffering from osteomyelitis of the left ankle developed fulminant septicaemia with repetitive isolation of erwinia herbicola in pure culture. plants are considered to be the primary source of the infective agent and lacerations as well as stab wounds from thorns might be the port of entry. the boy's septicaemia could be governed by parenteral therapy with tobramycin, cephalothin, and carbenicillin. in the course of his illness, the child has produced antibodies against the homologous er ... | 1981 | 7289435 |
| [enterobacterial taxonomy: erwinia carotovora and yersinia enterocolitica]. | the immunotyping of the intracellular protein complex in enterobacteria has allowed to reveal that the intracellular proteins of e. carotovora and y. enterocolitica possess an antigenic profile characteristics of bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. e. carotovora are similar to the main group of enterobacteria (escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, klebsiella, citrobacter, arizona) in the degree of the antigenic homology of their intracellular protein complex. y. enter ... | 1981 | 7293572 |
| defective packing of an unusual dna in a virulent erwinia phage, erh 1. | a newly isolated bacteriophage, erh 1, for erwinia herbicola, has been characterized. this virulent phage has been found to have an elongated rod-like head and a short complex tail structure. one major protein and 5 minor proteins have been identified as phage components. the head structure was found to be transparent, flexible and could be twisted or flattened by various treatments. the dna, isolated from highly purified phage particles, was linear, double-stranded, had a g-c content of 46-47% ... | 1981 | 7330047 |
| [serologic properties of erwinia herbicola bacteriophages]. | | 1981 | 7331609 |
| characterization of plasmids in erwinia stewartii. | plasmids in 39 strains of erwinia stewartii were examined by agarose gel electrophoresis. most virulent strains had from 11 to 13 plasmids ranging in molecular mass from 2.8 to 210 megadaltons and contained plasmids of 210, 70, 49, 43, 29.5, 16.8, 8.8, and 2.8 megadaltons. plasmids in strains sw2 and ss104 were characterized by both electron microscopy and agarose gel electrophoresis and may be useful as convenient references for sizing plasmids by electrophoresis. specific size classes of plasm ... | 1981 | 7337464 |
| microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. biosynthetic utilization of ethanolamine for lipid synthesis by bacteria. | 1. ten bacteria utilizing [2-14c]ethanol-2-amine as the sole or major source of nitrogen for growth on glycerol + salts medium incorporated radioactivity into a variety of bacterial substances. a high proportion was commonly found in lipid fractions, particularly in the case of erwinia carotovora. 2. detailed studies of [14c]ethanolamine incorporation into lipids by five bacteria, including e. carotovora, showed that all detectable lipids were labelled. even where phosphatidylethanolamine was th ... | 1980 | 7370003 |
| interaction between age of maize plants, environmental factors, and inoculum strength of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi on the extent of stalk rot incidence. | for optimum disease incidence and maximum mortality of maize plants, due to erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye, a temperature of 35 degrees c accompanied with 70 per cent humidity and inoculum potency of 2 x 10(8) cells/ml were essential for younger plants of 15 and 30 days of age. on the other hand, 45- and 60-day-old plants, due to acquisition of a certain degree of maturity, although responding and showing maximum disease symptoms at the same temperature of 35 degree ... | 1980 | 7376756 |
| [isolation, purification and some properties of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii cells]. | a new procedure for isolation of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from the cells of c. freundii strain 62 allowing to obtain a highly purified enzyme with a high yield at a reduced time expenditure has been developed. the procedure described differs from the well-known method for isolation of the enzyme from the cells of escherichia intermedia and erwinia herbicola. some properties of the enzyme from c. freundii 62, e.g. stability, dependence of the enzyme activity on some mono- and bivalent cations and ph ... | 1980 | 7378508 |
| [biological and physicochemical properties of virulent and temperate phages of erwinia carotovora]. | | 1980 | 7382866 |
| [experimental rabbit corneal infection caused by erwinia hervicola--virulence of erwinia herbicola and effect of corticosteroid (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7386316 |
| [certain features of ornithine decarboxylase biosynthesis by erwinia carotovora 438]. | | 1980 | 7402100 |
| [study of the transfecting properties of the dna of virulent and moderate erwinia carotovora phages]. | | 1980 | 7402109 |
| herbicolins--new peptide antibiotics from erwinia herbicola. | erwinia herbicols (strain a 111) produces two acylated peptide antibiotics herbicolins a and b. isolation of herbicolins was performed by adsorption on a polystryrol adsorbent followed by elution with methanol. further purification was achieved by gel filtration on sephadex lh-20, counter-current distribution or by tlc. herbicolin a was chemically characterized, containing 2 glycines, 1 l-threonine, 1 d-allo-threonine, 1 d-glutamic acid, 1 d-leucine, 1 l-agrinine and beta-hydroxy myristic acid. ... | 1980 | 7410203 |
| [herbicolins--new acylpeptide antibiotics with antimycetic activity against dermatophytes (author's transl)]. | | 1980 | 7421883 |
| studies on the preservation of erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.) dye cultures. | it can be concluded that the maize stalk rot pathogen erwinia carotovora var. chrysanthemi (burkholder et al.). dye retained its viability and infectivity for three years when kept in sterile distilled water at low temperature. | 1980 | 7424221 |
| [physicochemical properties of the dna of virulent and moderate erwinia carotovora phages]. | | 1980 | 7432206 |
| nutritional requirements and biochemical activities of pineapple pink disease bacterial strains from hawaii. | bacteria which cause pink disease of pineapple, identified on the basis of their nutritional and biochemical activities, were found to belong to three genera. these bacteria include the following species: gluconobacter oxydans, acetobacter aceti, and erwinia herbicola. several pink disease strains required one to three vitamins for growth. both g. oxydans strains 303d and 180 required biotin, nicotinic acid, and pantothenic acid for growth; e. herbicola 189 required only nicotinic acid; however, ... | 1980 | 7436404 |
| sensitivity of some erwinia carotovora serogroups to macromolecular bacteriocins. | representative strains from each of 18 erwinia carotovora serogroups were tested for bacteriocin activity. eight bacteriocin producing strains were found and the bacteriocins partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and high-speed centrifugation. bacteriocins from all eight strains were morphologically similar to bacteriophage tails. specific absorption of bacteriocins from one of the antagonistic strains to sensitive bacterial cells was demonstrated with electron microscopy. in four ... | 1980 | 7459719 |
| [localization of ornithine decarboxylase in the cell of erwinia carotovora 438]. | | 1980 | 7464573 |
| the bacterial 'enigma': cracking the code of cell-cell communication. | in recent years it has become clear that the production of n-acyl homoserine lactones (n-ahls) is widespread in gram-negative bacteria. these molecules act as diffusible chemical communication signals (bacterial pheromones) which regulate diverse physiological processes including bioluminescence, antibiotic production, plasmid conjugal transfer and synthesis of exoenzyme virulence factors in plant and animal pathogens. the paradigm for n-ahl production is in the bioluminescence (lux) phenotype o ... | 1995 | 7476157 |
| differential effect of dsba and dsbc mutations on extracellular enzyme secretion in erwinia chrysanthemi. | an erwinia chrysanthemi gene able to complement an escherichia coli dsba mutation has been cloned and sequenced. this gene codes for a periplasmic protein with disulphide isomerase activity that has 69% identity and 94% similarity with the e. coli dsba protein. an e. chrysanthemi dsba-uida fusion mutant has been constructed. dsba expression seems to be constitutive. this mutant has multiple phenotypes resulting from the absence of disulphide bond formation in periplasmic and secreted proteins. p ... | 1995 | 7476168 |
| gluco-oligosaccharide production by a strain of erwinia amylovora. | when grown in sorbitol-asparagine-salts medium, cells of erwinia amylovora isolate t83 released a mixture of oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharide in place of extracellular polysaccharide. the oligosaccharide fraction was usually readily separable from lipopolysaccharide by gel permeation chromatography, but some samples required disaggregation by preliminary treatment with edta. by 1h- and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, methylation analysis and mass spectrometry, the oligosaccharide fraction was shown ... | 1995 | 7476566 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular pectate lyase from an amycolata sp. | the extracellular pectate lyase (ec 4.2.2.2) of a nonsporulating amycolata sp. was purified to homogeneity by anion- and cation-exchange chromatographies followed by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the enzyme cleaved polygalacturonate but not highly esterified pectin in a random endolytic transeliminative mechanism that led to the formation of a wide range of 4,5-unsaturated oligogalacturonates. as shown by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection, ... | 1995 | 7486993 |
| expression of the stra-strb streptomycin resistance genes in pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas campestris and characterization of is6100 in x. campestris. | expression of the stra-strb streptomycin resistance (smr) genes was examined in pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. the stra-strb genes in p. syringae and x. campestris were encoded on elements closely related to tn5393 from erwinia amylovora and designated tn5393a and tn5393b, respectively. the putative recombination site (res) and resolvase-repressor (tnpr) genes of tn5393 from e. amylovora, p syringae, and x. campestris were identical; however, is6100 ... | 1995 | 7487022 |
| effects of erwinia-asparaginase on the coagulation system. | l-asparaginase treatment during induction therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (all) is known to be frequently complicated by thromboembolic events. it was recently suggested that l-asparaginase derived from erwinia chrysanthemi alters the coagulation system less severely than does escherichia coli asparaginase. in a series of 11 adult patients with all, we investigated some parameters of the coagulation system during treatment with erwinia asparaginase. the doses employed were rather high; ... | 1995 | 7493674 |
| human protein disulfide isomerase functionally complements a dsba mutation and enhances the yield of pectate lyase c in escherichia coli. | human pdi was expressed to the escherichia coli periplasm, by using a plasmid encoded ompa-pdi fusion under the control of the trp promoter. periplasmic extracts were shown to contain active pdi using the scrambled ribonuclease assay. pdi activity was also demonstrated by complementation of two phenotypes associated with a dsba mutation. alkaline phosphatase activity, which is reduced in dsba cells, was restored to wild type levels by pdi. pelc, a pectate lyase from erwinia carotovora, was shown ... | 1995 | 7499315 |
| transcriptional analysis of the aeromonas salmonicida s-layer protein gene vapa. | the vapa gene of aeromonas salmonicida encodes the subunit of the surface protein array known as a-layer. nucleotide sequence analysis of the 374 bp of dna immediately upstream of vapa revealed two potential promoter sequences and other possible regulatory sequences. sequencing and polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the region was conserved in wild-type a. salmonicida. primer extension and northern (rna) blot analysis showed that vapa transcription in a. salmonicida was directed pred ... | 1993 | 7504668 |
| genetics of galactose metabolism of erwinia amylovora and its influence on polysaccharide synthesis and virulence of the fire blight pathogen. | galactose metabolism mutants of erwinia amylovora were created by transposon insertions and characterized for their growth properties and interaction with plant tissue. the nucleotide sequence of the gale gene was determined. the gene, which encodes udp-galactose 4-epimerase, shows homology to the gale genes of escherichia coli, neisseria gonorrhoeae, rhizobium meliloti, and other gram-negative bacteria. cloned dna with the gale and with the galt and galk genes did not share borders, as judged b ... | 1994 | 7507102 |
| identification of erwinia stewartii by a ligase chain reaction assay. | a pcr-coupled ligase chain reaction (lcr) assay was developed to distinguish the plant pathogenic bacterium erwinia stewartii from other erwiniae. this new technique allows discrimination to the species level on the basis of a single-base-pair difference in the 16s rrna gene which is unique to e. stewartii. portions of the 16s rrna genes of e. stewartii and the closely related erwinia herbicola were sequenced. from comparison of the two 16s rrna gene regions, two primer pairs were constructed su ... | 1994 | 7509585 |
| visualization of capsule formation by erwinia amylovora and assays to determine amylovoran synthesis. | exopolysaccharide (eps) synthesis by erwinia amylovora depends on environmental and genetic predispositions. to measure the amount of the acidic eps amylovoran synthesized by e. amylovora cell cultures, a turbidity assay using cetylpyridinium salt was developed. the eps produced by bacteria grown on solid media was additionally characterized by its water content. the amylovoran capsules were visualized in situ by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled lectin from abrus precator ... | 1994 | 7537077 |
| characterization of monoclonal antibodies against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i: specificity and epitope analysis. | the characteristics of two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), a23/1221.59.44.d.3 (1221) and a23/1239.36.64.e.2 (1239), against erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica serogroup i produced in this study were compared with those of two other independently obtained mabs, 4g4 in spain and 4f6 in canada, using different strains as immunogen and different screening procedures. the reaction pattern of mabs 1221 and 1239 determined by indirect elisa on over 200 bacterial strains including five e.c. atroseptica ... | 1995 | 7538107 |
| the effect of hetastarch on the stability of l-asparaginase during freeze-thaw cycling. | l-asparaginase, a therapeutic agent for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was evaluated for its susceptibility to cold denaturation. it was found that the enzyme derived from erwinia chrysanthemi loses its activity when exposed to freeze-thaw cycling. when it was frozen at -40 degrees c and thawed, the enzyme lost 67.3% of its activity; whereas, when frozen in liquid nitrogen (-190 degrees c), it lost almost all of its activity. rheological studies of hetastarch showed that its visc ... | 1995 | 7542144 |
| [long-term infusion of l-asparaginase--an alternative to intramuscular injection?]. | nine children of the all-rez bfm 87 and 90 trial received l-asparginase (l-asp) as a continuous infusion for 48-72 hs (i.e. 25 therapy cycles). seven patients had had an allergic reaction towards an i.m. application (i.m., 29 therapy cycles). two further patients got l-asp initially as continuous infusion. the i.m. applications were carried out 19 times with erwinia and 10 times with e. coli-asparaginase, the continuous infusions 15 times with erwinia and 10 times with e. coli-asparaginase. in c ... | 1995 | 7564153 |
| isolation and functional identification of a novel cdna for astaxanthin biosynthesis from haematococcus pluvialis, and astaxanthin synthesis in escherichia coli. | we succeeded in isolating a novel cdna involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis from the green alga haematococcus pluvialis, by an expression cloning method using an escherichia coli transformant as a host that synthesizes beta-carotene due to the erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthesis genes. the cloned cdna was shown to encode a novel enzyme, beta-carotene ketolase (beta-carotene oxygenase), which converted beta-carotene to canthaxanthin via echinenone, through chromatographic and spectroscopic ... | 1995 | 7579184 |
| synthetic antimicrobial peptide design. | to guide the design of potential plant pathogen-resistance genes, synthetic variants of naturally occurring antimicrobial gene products were evaluated. five 20-amino acid (esf1, esf4, esf5, esf6, esf13), one 18-amino acid (esf12), and one 17-amino acid (esf17) amphipathic peptide sequences were designed, synthesized, and tested with in vitro bioassays. positive charges on the hydrophilic side of the peptide were shown to be essential for antifungal activity, yet the number of positive charges co ... | 1995 | 7579625 |
| proferrioxamine synthesis in erwinia amylovora in response to precursor or hydroxylysine feeding: metabolic profiling with liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. | metabolic profiling by capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry was used to monitor shifts in the proferrioxamine profiles of erwinia amylovora in response to externally supplied potential proferrioxamine precursors, selected stable-isotope-labeled precursors and atypical precursors. based on the qualitative and quantitative shifts in the proferrioxamine profiles, lysine and arginine are unambiguous, and agmatine, ornithine, diaminobutyric acid and the corresponding c3-5 di ... | 1995 | 7580052 |
| [mapping chromosomes of erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | two hfr-like donor strains of bacteria erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) 3-2 were developed by integration into the chromosome of the conjugative plasmid r471a via homology with transposon tn9. using these and two donor strains created earlier, we constructed the genetic map of a fragment of the chromosome of strain eca 3-2. the location of 14 loci is shown in this map. | 1995 | 7590201 |
| [a circular genetic map of chromosomes from erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2]. | a circular genetic map of the bacterium erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica 3-2 was constructed on the basis of the r471a plasmid and tn5 and tn9 using hfr-like donors. forty-six genes, including phytopathogenicity genes, were located on the basis of interrupted mating experiment results and analysis of coinheritance of markers on a map of 183 min in length. the similarity and differences of chromosomal genetic maps of erwinia genus bacteria are discussed. | 1995 | 7590213 |
| hrpl activates erwinia amylovora hrp gene transcription and is a member of the ecf subfamily of sigma factors. | hrpl of erwinia amylovora ea321 encodes a 21.7-kda regulatory protein, similar to members of the ecf (extra cytoplasmic functions) subfamily of eubacterial rna polymerase sigma factors. hrpl is a single-gene operon in complementation group vi of the e. amylovora hrp gene cluster. its product is required by ea321 to elicit the hypersensitive response (hr) and to cause disease. hrpl controls the expression of five independent hrp loci, including hrpn, which encodes harpin, a proteinaceous elicitor ... | 1995 | 7592386 |
| the three genes lipb, lipc, and lipd involved in the extracellular secretion of the serratia marcescens lipase which lacks an n-terminal signal peptide. | the extracellular lipase of serratia marcescens sr41, lacking a typical n-terminal signal sequence, is secreted via a signal peptide-independent pathway. the 20-kb saci dna fragment which allowed the extracellular lipase secretion was cloned from s. marcescens by selection of a phenotype conferring the extracellular lipase activity on the escherichia coli cells. the subcloned 6.5-kb ecorv fragment was revealed to contain three open reading frames which are composed of 588, 443, and 437 amino aci ... | 1995 | 7592412 |
| structure and functional analysis of a marine bacterial carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster and astaxanthin biosynthetic pathway proposed at the gene level. | a carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster for the production of astaxanthin was isolated from the marine bacterium agrobacterium aurantiacum. this cluster contained five carotenogenic genes with the same orientation, which were designated crtw, crtz, crty, crti, and crtb. the stop codons of individual crt genes except for crtb overlapped the start codons of the following crt genes. escherichia coli transformants carrying the erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthesis genes provide suitable substrate ... | 1995 | 7592436 |
| molecular cloning, expression in streptomyces lividans, and analysis of a gene cluster from arthrobacter simplex encoding 3-ketosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase, 3-ketosteroid-delta 5-isomerase and a hypothetical regulatory protein. | the arthrobacter simplex gene coding for 3-ketosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the degradation of the steroid nucleus, was cloned in streptomyces lividans. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the gene for 3-ketosteroid-delta 1-dehydrogenase (ksdd) is clustered with at least two more genes possibly involved in steroid metabolism. upstream of ksdd, we found a gene, ksdr, encoding a hypothetical regulatory protein that shows homologies to kdgr, the negative regulator of pectin ... | 1995 | 7596291 |
| molecular analysis of the ams operon required for exopolysaccharide synthesis of erwinia amylovora. | a 16 kb transcript of the ams region, which is essential for biosynthesis of amylovoran, the acidic exopolysaccharide of erwinia amylovora, was detected by northern hybridization analysis. the positive regulator rcsa enhanced transcription of the large mrna from the ams operon. the nucleotide sequence of this area revealed 12 open reading frames (orfs), which are all transcribed in the same direction. five orfs corresponded to the previously mapped genes amsa to amse. sequence analysis of the in ... | 1995 | 7596293 |
| purification and characterization of the nuclease nucm of erwinia chrysanthemi. | the major periplasmic nuclease of erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937, nucm, has been purified near to homogeneity by a one step purification procedure, using chromatography on a sulfopropyl column. nucm cleaves randomly single and double-stranded dna and rna. it does not need divalent cations for its action, and is more active in low salt buffers. a serine and a histidine residue could be present in the catalytic site. formation of disulfide bonds is necessary for nucm activity. nucm is probably s ... | 1995 | 7599187 |
| temporal and spatial regulation of flip, an early flagellar gene of caulobacter crescentus that is required for motility and normal cell division. | in caulobacter crescentus, the genes encoding a single polar flagellum are expressed under cell cycle control. in this report, we describe the characterization of two early class ii flagellar genes contained in the orfx-flip locus. strains containing mutations in this locus exhibit a filamentous growth phenotype and fail to express class iii and iv flagellar genes. a complementing dna fragment was sequenced and found to contain two potential open reading frames. the first, orfx, is predicted to ... | 1995 | 7601828 |
| identification of the fire blight pathogen, erwinia amylovora, by pcr assays with chromosomal dna. | erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, was identified independently from the common plasmid pea29 by three different pcr assays with chromosomal dna. pcr with two primers was performed with isolated dna and with whole cells, which were directly added to the assay mixture. the oligonucleotide primers were derived from the ams region, and the pcr product comprised the amsb gene, which is involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis. the amplified fragment of 1.6 kb was analyzed, and the ... | 1995 | 7618876 |
| gene cloning, sequence analysis, purification, and secretion by escherichia coli of an extracellular lipase from serratia marcescens. | the gene encoding extracellular lipase of serratia marcescens has been identified from a phage lambda genomic library. formation of orange-red fluorescent plaques on rhodamine b-triolein plates was used to identify phages carrying the lipase gene. a 2.8-kb sali fragment was subcloned into a plasmid, and lipase was expressed in escherichia coli. extracellular lipase was detected in the presence of the secretion plasmid pgsd6 carrying the genes prtd, -e, and -f, which guide the secretion of protea ... | 1995 | 7618881 |
| characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa flio, a gene involved in flagellar biosynthesis and adherence. | pseudomonas aeruginosa binds to eukaryotic cells via both pilus and nonpilus adhesins, while binding of p. aeruginosa to mucin is pilus independent. to characterize genes involved in non-pilus-mediated adherence, transposon mutants of the nonpiliated strain p. aeruginosa pak-np that are unable to bind to cells or mucins were isolated. two such mutants, p. aeruginosa b164 and p. aeruginosa rr18, were identified previously as deficient in binding to eukaryotic cells or mucins as well as nonmotile. ... | 1995 | 7622217 |
| the hrp gene locus of pseudomonas solanacearum, which controls the production of a type iii secretion system, encodes eight proteins related to components of the bacterial flagellar biogenesis complex. | five transcription units of the pseudomonas solanacearum hrp gene cluster are required for the secretion of the hr-inducing popa1 protein. the nucleotide sequences of two of these, units 1 and 3, have been reported. here, we present the nucleotide sequence of the three other transcription units, units 2, 4 and 7, which are together predicted to code for 15 hrp genes. this brings the total number of hrp proteins encoded by these five transcription units to 20, including hrpb, the positive regulat ... | 1995 | 7623665 |
| overproduction, purification and characterization of the cellulose-binding domain of the erwinia chrysanthemi secreted endoglucanase egz. | egz is the major endoglucanase secreted by erwinia chrysanthemi. functional characterization indicates that it is made of a catalytic n-terminal domain linked to a c-terminal cellulose-binding domain (cbd) by a ser/thr-rich linker. a chimeric plasmid, in which the cbd-encoding region was fused downstream of the ompa signal sequence, was constructed and introduced into escherichia coli. this allowed for the production of processed and disulfide-bonded cbd, mostly recovered from the culture supern ... | 1995 | 7628464 |
| attenuation of pcr inhibition in the presence of plant compounds by addition of blotto. | | 1995 | 7630739 |
| the genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis in erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae: characterization and role in gall formation. | a locus conferring cytokinin production was previously isolated from the gall-forming bacterium erwinia herbicola pv. gypsophilae. this locus resided in a cluster with the genes specifying indole-3-acetic acid production on the pathogenicity-associated plasmid ppath (a. lichter, s. manulis, o. sagee, y. gafni, j. gray, r. meilen, r. o. morris, and i. barash, mol. plant microbe interact., 8:114-121, 1995). sequence analysis of this locus indicated the presence of a cytokinin biosynthesis gene (et ... | 1995 | 7635829 |
| use of tn5tac1 to clone a pel gene encoding a highly alkaline, asparagine-rich pectate lyase isozyme from an erwinia chrysanthemi ec16 mutant with deletions affecting the major pectate lyase isozymes. | erwinia chrysanthemi mutant cucpb5047, delta(pela pele) delta(pelb pelc)::28bp delta(pelx) delta 4bp pehx::omega cmr, was constructed, mutated with tn5tac1, and screened for isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-dependent pectate lyase (pel) production. a kmr saci fragment from the hyperexpressing pel+ mutant cucpb5066 was cloned into escherichia coli and sequenced. the gene identified, pell, encodes a novel, asparagine-rich, highly alkaline enzyme that is similar in primary structure to pelx a ... | 1995 | 7635842 |
| regulation of gene expression in bacterial pathogens. | | 1994 | 7639782 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gyra gene from the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora. | the gyra gene of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora has been cloned and sequenced. the deduced protein possessed 86% identity with the escherichia coli gyra protein. e. carotovora gyra was also shown to complement an e. coli gyra43ts mutation. | 1995 | 7642123 |
| inactivation of rsma leads to overproduction of extracellular pectinases, cellulases, and proteases in erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the absence of the starvation/cell density-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone. | the soft-rotting bacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, produces extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase isozymes (pels), cellulase (cel), polygalacturonase (peh), and protease (prt). while the extracellular levels of these enzymes are extremely low when the bacterium is grown in salts-yeast extract-glycerol (syg) medium, the enzymatic activities are highly induced in syg medium supplemented with celery extract. by transposon (mini-tn5) mutagenesis, we isolated a rsma- mutant, a ... | 1995 | 7646031 |
| characterization of a pathogen-induced potato catalase and its systemic expression upon nematode and bacterial infection. | we have isolated a cdna encoding a catalase (cat2st) by differential screening of a cdna library constructed from potato roots infected with the cyst nematode globodera pallida. expression analysis confirmed the local induction of cat2st and showed that it was highest at the adult stage of the parasite. it also revealed that cat2st was induced in uninfected roots, stems, and leaves of infected plants. localized and systemic induction of cat2st was also observed upon root-knot nematode (meloidogy ... | 1995 | 7655060 |
| the metzincins--topological and sequential relations between the astacins, adamalysins, serralysins, and matrixins (collagenases) define a superfamily of zinc-peptidases. | the three-dimensional structures of the zinc endopeptidases human neutrophil collagenase, adamalysin ii from rattle snake venom, alkaline proteinase from pseudomonas aeruginosa, and astacin from crayfish are topologically similar, with respect to a five-stranded beta-sheet and three alpha-helices arranged in typical sequential order. the four proteins exhibit the characteristic consensus motif hexxhxxgxxh, whose three histidine residues are involved in binding of the catalytically essential zinc ... | 1995 | 7663339 |
| capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity in erwinia stewartii require induction by an n-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer. | n-acylhomoserine lactone (acyl-hsl)-mediated gene expression, also called autoinduction, is conserved among diverse gram-negative bacteria. in the paradigm vibrio fischeri system, bioluminescence is autoinducible, and the lux operon requires the transcriptional activator luxr and the acyl-hsl autoinducer for expression. the production of the acyl-hsl signal molecule is conferred by the luxi gene, and luxr encodes the transcriptional regulator. we show here that erwinia stewartii, the etiological ... | 1995 | 7665477 |
| identification of a global repressor gene, rsma, of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora that controls extracellular enzymes, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone, and pathogenicity in soft-rotting erwinia spp. | the production of extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase (pel), polygalacturonase (peh), cellulase (cel), and protease (prt) is activated by the cell density (quorum)-sensing signal, n-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (hsl); plant signals; and aep genes during postexponential growth of erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71. studies with mutants of e. carotovora subsp. carotovora 71 derepressed in exoenzyme production led to the identification of a negative regulator gene, rsma (rsm, r ... | 1995 | 7665490 |
| extracellular secretion of pullulanase is unaffected by minor sequence changes but is usually prevented by adding reporter proteins to its n- or c-terminal end. | linker insertions in the pullulanase structural gene (pula) were examined for their effects on pullulanase activity and cell surface localization in escherichia coli carrying the cognate secretion genes from klebsiella oxytoca. of the 23 insertions, 11 abolished pullulanase activity but none were found to prevent secretion. to see whether more drastic changes affected secretion, we fused up to five reporter proteins (e. coli periplasmic alkaline phosphatase, e. coli periplasmic maltose-binding p ... | 1995 | 7665512 |
| loss of activity of erwinia asparaginase on repeat applications. | | 1995 | 7666111 |
| [antibiotic resistance--an ambivalence of attitudes. as of now, the bacteria are in advantage]. | the value of the precious medical asset that antibiotics constitute is contimualby being eroded by the spread of resistance. for some time that bacterial world has been adapting itself to contend with the toxic assault of man-made poisons, antibiotics, by developing resistance in a very rapid process of evolutionary changes occurring before our very eyes. this evolutionary adaptation is an example of natural genetic engineering entailing an interchange between bacteria of genes conferring antibi ... | 1995 | 7674727 |
| extracellular polysaccharide of erwinia chrysanthemi. | | 1995 | 7697648 |
| cloning and sequencing of a 29 kb region of the bacillus subtilis genome containing the hut and wapa loci. | within the framework of an international project for the sequencing of the entire bacillus subtilis genome, a 29 kb chromosome segment, which contains the hut operon (335 degrees) and the wapa gene, has been cloned and sequenced. this region (28,954 bp) contains 21 complete orfs and one partial one. the 5th, 6th and 17th genes correspond to huth encoding histidase, hutp encoding the positive regulator for the hut operon and wapa encoding a precursor of three major wall-associated proteins, respe ... | 1995 | 7704263 |