| [the allergenic fractions of the intestinal bacteria family. i. the immunochemical and allergic characteristics of preparations extracted from different strains of a single species (enterobacter cloacae) by the ando-verzhikovskiĭ method]. | | 1970 | 4992766 |
| isolation and characterization of immunity temperature sensitive mutants of enterobacter cloacae harbouring the cloacinogenic factor df13. | | 1972 | 5016719 |
| co 2 -fixing enzymes in a marine psychophile. | a psychrophilic marine pseudomonas was found to contain phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) carboxylase and an adenosine triphosphate-linked pep carboxykinase. some properties of these co(2)-fixing enzymes were compared with those homologous enzymes from the terrestrial mesophile enterobacter cloacae. the pep carboxylases from both organisms were activated by acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) and inhibited by l-aspartate. the enzyme from pseudomonas was less dependent on the presence of the activator, but maximal a ... | 1972 | 5079071 |
| effect of a bacteriocin produced by enterobacter cloacae on protein biosynthesis. | | 1971 | 5115557 |
| penicillinase in two strains of aerobacter cloacae isolated from the same patient. | | 1970 | 5202527 |
| purification and properties of a bacteriocin produced by enterobacter cloacae. | | 1967 | 5298439 |
| mode of action of a bacteriocin produced by enterobacter cloacae df13. | | 1969 | 5310711 |
| effect of coliform and proteus bacteria on growth of staphylococcus aureus. | cultures of coliform and proteus bacteria, mostly from foods, were tested for their effect on growth of staphylococcus aureus in trypticase soy broth. inhibition of the staphylococcus by these competitors increased with increasing proportions of inhibiting (effector) bacteria in the inoculum and decreasing incubation temperatures (37 to 10 c). time required for 2 x 10(4) staphylococci to increase to 5 x 10(6) cells per milliliter, the minimal number assumed to be necessary for food poisoning, va ... | 1966 | 5330677 |
| [the refractive index of aerobacter cloacae in continuous and discontinuous culture]. | | 1965 | 5339220 |
| anaerobic decomposition of protocatechuic acid by cell-free extract of an aerobacter cloacae mutant. | | 1969 | 5370526 |
| [a septicemia due to enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1970 | 5421175 |
| [conditions for aerobacter cloacae cultivation that favor valine formation]. | | 1970 | 5490456 |
| [metabolism of aerobacter cloacae on media stimulating acetoin formation]. | | 1970 | 5493351 |
| purification of a bacteriocin produced by enterobacter cloacae df 13. | | 1970 | 5499440 |
| [conditions for acetoin biosynthesis by cell-free extracts of aerobacter cloacae inmi 30]. | | 1970 | 5513396 |
| oxidative decomposition by an aerobacter cloacae mutant of l-tyrosine. | | 1967 | 5586196 |
| nitrogen-deficient medium in the differential isolation of klebsiella and enterobacter from feces. | on a nitrogen-deficient agar medium, the tribe klebsielleae formed large, glistening, mucoid colonies which were easily distinguished from other colony types. of 113 klebsielleae isolates from human feces which were characterized, klebsiella accounted for 88% of the total; 75% were k. pneumoniae; k. ozaenae (13%) was isolated from one individual only. the remaining strains (12%) were identified as enterobacter cloacae. counts (for the tribe) ranged from 10(2) to 10(6), with a median of 10(4); 9 ... | 1968 | 5664112 |
| the purification and some properties of a beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) synthesized by enterobactercloacae. | 1. a beta-lactamase has been purified from a strain of enterobacter cloacae. 2. this enzyme is about eighty times as active against cephaloridine as against benzylpenicillin or ampicillin. 3. the enzyme has a net positive charge at ph8.0 and a molecular weight of about 14000. 4. an approximate amino acid composition of the enzyme is reported. | 1968 | 5685878 |
| the metabolism of l-tyrosine by an aerobacter cloacae mutant. ii. isolation and chemical identifiaction of catechol as a metabolic intermediate. | | 1968 | 5708372 |
| [production of valine, acetoin and organic acids by aerobacter cloacae inmi-30 under different aeration conditions]. | | 1968 | 5733242 |
| spontaneous mutant with loss of beta-lactamase in aerobacter cloacae. | | 1969 | 5773039 |
| inhibition of aerobacter cephalosporin beta-lactamase by penicillins. | cephalosporinase (beta-lactamase) was obtained from cell washings of aerobacter (enterobacter) cloacae as a highly active preparation. an alkalimetric method was used to determine the enzyme activity and to estimate its inhibition by 6-amino-penicillanic acid derivatives. their order of decreasing inhibitory effect was as follows: cloxacillin, oxacillin, methicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin g. we found that 2 to 3 ng of cloxacillin per ml was sufficient to decrease the enzyme activity by 50% ... | 1969 | 5784199 |
| mode of action of a bacteriocin produced by enterobacter cloacae. | | 1969 | 5795902 |
| hospital-acquired aerobacter cloacae infections. results of two concomitant studies. | | 1966 | 5900496 |
| the composition of lipopolysaccharides of klebsiella aerogenes and aerobacter cloacae. | | 1966 | 5914339 |
| [use of cefotaxime in severe infections in newborn infants]. | twenty-seven septicemia, 2 urinary tract infections and 2 meningitis were treated with cefotaxime. the pathogenic organisms were most often entero-bacteria (16 e. coli, 2 klebsiella, 2 enterobacter cloacae, 1 proteus, 1 acinetobacter); sometimes they were streptococcus (5 streptococcus d, 3 streptococcus b, 1 streptococcus salivarius). cefotaxime was given alone to 16 patients, in association to an aminoglycoside in 15 cases. it was administered by infusion over 30 minutes every 8 hours in a dai ... | 1984 | 6096793 |
| cefmenoxime therapy in bacterial osteomyelitis. | cefmenoxime, a new parenteral beta-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, was evaluated for safety and efficacy in 15 patients (10 male and five female) with acute (1 patient) and chronic (14 patients) osteomyelitis. diagnosis was made by culture of the surgical biopsy specimen. osteomyelitis was treated with 8 to 12 g of cefmenoxime per day (mean 9.1 g) for 42 to 66 days (mean 47.3). staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cefmeno ... | 1984 | 6097118 |
| selection of multiple antibiotic resistance by quinolones, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides with special reference to cross-resistance between unrelated drug classes. | the ability of three quinolones, two beta-lactams, and one aminoglycoside to select resistant mutants was examined in tests with 30 isolates of commonly encountered nosocomial pathogens. ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, two new quinolone derivatives, were no more likely to select resistant mutants than amikacin, whereas nalidixic acid, an older quinolone derivative, was the most likely of the six drugs examined to select resistant mutants. mutational frequencies of 10(-7) to 10(-8) were observed i ... | 1984 | 6098219 |
| [clinical and pharmacokinetic study of ceftriaxone in pediatric bacterial infections]. | ceftriaxone (ro 13-9904, ctrx) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 33 children with various bacterial infections including 10 cases of bacterial meningitis. ctrx was effective in all but 1 case who had acute mucositis due to a resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae. the serum half-life (t1/2 beta) was 4.5 +/- 1.6 hours after an intravenous bolus injection in children. cerebrospinal fluid levels of ctrx in the acute phase of bacterial meningitis were 7.69 +/- 4.75 mcg/ml. the only side ... | 1984 | 6098701 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime. | the activity of cefmenoxime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was studied against 650 bacteria. it was slightly less active than cefotaxime and more active than moxalactam against staphylococci. it had activity similar to that of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime against group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae. it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria spp. cefmenoxime had activity similar to that of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, and moxalactam against escherichia co ... | 1982 | 6100427 |
| carbohydrate-binding sites of the mannose-specific fimbrial lectins of enterobacteria. | the combining sites of type 1 fimbrial lectins of various species of enterobacteria were studied by measuring the inhibitory activity of linear and branched oligosaccharides and several glycosides of d-mannose on the agglutination of yeast cells by the organisms. the results showed that all five strains of escherichia coli tested possessed an elongated combining site best fitting a trisaccharide and including a hydrophobic region. similar results were obtained with klebsiella pneumoniae. within ... | 1984 | 6142000 |
| effect of nifa product on suppression of nif- phenotype of gln mutation and constitutive synthesis of nitrogenase in klebsiella pneumoniae. | this paper describes the role of nifa product on the ammonia regulation of nitrogen fixation in k. pneumoniae. a plasmid carrying nifa gene under the promoter of tetracycline resistance gene was constructed. when this nifa carrying plasmid was introduced into a glnag mutant, the nif- phenotype of this gln mutant was suppressed. furthermore, when the plasmid was introduced into the wild type and glnag mutant, derepression of nitrogenase synthesis in ammonia occurred in both strains and the produc ... | 1983 | 6143398 |
| mode of action of azthreonam. | azthreonam (sq 26,776) is a member of a new class of monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. in escherichia coli, azthreonam caused filamentation at its lowest effective concentration (0.2 microgram/ml), a morphological effect identical to that observed with cephalothin. the penicillin-binding protein (pbp) profile indicated a very high affinity for pbp3 (complete binding at 0.1 microgram/ml), a moderate affinity for pbp1a (complete binding at 10 micrograms/ml), and poor affinities for pbp1b, pbp2, ... | 1982 | 6180685 |
| characterization of two clinical, multiple-drug-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | two multiple drug resistant enterobacter cloacae isolates (nos. 460 and 493) varied phenotypically in bacteriocin susceptibility in the absence of significant o antigen variation. both isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin b, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and enoxacin only. one isolate carried a non-conjugative resistance (r) plasmid, whereas the other isolate contained a conjugative, 'curable' r plasmid and a cryptic plasmid. both wild-type isolates constitutive ... | 1984 | 6207994 |
| [use of moxalactam in intensive care units: clinical and bacteriological results related to serum and bronchial concentrations ]. | twenty-patients (14 with mechanical ventilation) received moxalactam in an intensive care unit for pneumonia (3 cases), empyema (5 cases), bronchopneumonia (8 cases), bronchopneumonia with bacteremia (4 cases), 23 organism were isolated and 16 were hospital-acquired: staphylococcus (3), escherichia coli (1), klebsiella-enterobacter-serratia (5), proteus (3), aeruginosa (2), acinetobacter (2), these patients received moxalactam at the dosage of 500 mg/8h, 5 at 1 g/12h and 13 at 1 g/8h. daily dosa ... | 1982 | 6214758 |
| in vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. | norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. we examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. it inhibited 90% (mic90) of strains of escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, salmonella and shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 ... | 1982 | 6214995 |
| properties and proteolysis of ferric enterobactin outer membrane receptor in escherichia coli k12. | a protein with a relative subunit molecular weight of 81000 (81k) has been isolated in virtually pure form from the outer membrane of low iron grown cells of escherichia coli k12. the 81k protein, which is part of the receptor complex for translocation of the siderophore ferric enterobactin, displays activity in vitro for binding both ferric enterobactin and colicin b. the dissociation constant for the 81k-ferric enterobactin compound at 4 degrees c in 2% triton-0.1 m tris, ph 7, was determined ... | 1982 | 6215063 |
| complementary activity of mezlocillin and the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on enterobacteriaceae. | the mics of amoxicillin, mezlocillin and brl 25,000, a combination of two parts amoxicillin and one part clavulanic acid (2am + 1ca), were measured for 331 enterobacteriaceae strains which produced beta-lactamases as demonstrated by nitrocefin. the mic values for mezlocillin and the combination 2am + 1ca were very similar for the total number of the strains investigated. when investigated separately according to the bacterial species, three different sensitivity groups were established for the a ... | 1982 | 6218121 |
| susceptibility of moxalactam to beta-lactamase. | moxalactam is not significantly susceptible to the majority of beta-lactamases produced by bacteria of clinical relevance. however, two types of enzyme--pse2 and pse3--from pseudomonas aeruginosa can hydrolyze this antibiotic at a significant rate. in this respect moxalactam is similar to 7-alpha-methoxy cephem compounds, such as cefoxitin, which are also susceptible to these enzymes. moxalactam, like other beta-lactam antibiotics having an acid function in the side chain, is a potent inhibitor ... | 1982 | 6218561 |
| in vitro activity of moxalactam against pathogenic bacteria and its comparison with other antibiotics. | 843 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against moxalactam by disc agar diffusion. the bacteria used in this study consisted of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, providencia rettgeri, pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and group b and group d streptococci. in vitro activity of moxalactam was compared with the following antibiotics: ... | 1983 | 6219865 |
| antibiotic penetration in abdominal infection: a case of tobramycin failure responsive to moxalactam. | a 50-year-old male developed an enterobacter cloacae abdominal infection as the result of gangrene of a gastric remnant after gastrectomy. aggressive antibiotic treatment with tobramycin and clindamycin was instituted, but despite documented in vitro bacterial sensitivity and high serum tobramycin levels, the patient's clinical condition worsened. enterobacter cloacae continued to grow in the abdominal drainage cultures. as a last resort, moxalactam therapy was started. within 36 hours, dramatic ... | 1983 | 6220879 |
| norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. | in a randomised prospective study 61 patients with lower urinary tract infection received either 200 mg norfloxacin (33 patients) or 480 mg cotrimoxazole (28 patients) twice daily for ten days. pathogens included escherichia coli in 48 patients, proteus mirabilis in ten patients, and enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and staphylococcus saprophyticus in one patient each. the mics of norfloxacin and cotrimoxazole were less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l and less than or ... | 1983 | 6224685 |
| ceftazidime in patients with pseudomonas infections. | ceftazidime was administered to 41 patients with serious infections caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 cases) and other bacteria (17 cases). the clinical response rate of pseudomonas infections (88%) was similar to that of other bacteria (94%) with microbiological eradication of 83% of initial pseudomonas isolates compared to 82% of non-pseudomonas strains. the development of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy was observed in 3 cases (enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, and p ... | 1983 | 6225762 |
| in vitro activity of pefloxacin compared to that of quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | pefloxacin is a new methyl-4-piperazinyl quinolone. it had mic90 values of less than 0.01 to 0.8 micrograms/ml for the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella, oxytoca, citrobacter, providencia, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, morganella and proteus mirabilis. it inhibited ampicillin, cephalexin and nalidixic acid resistant isolates of these species. against pseudomonas the pefloxacin mic90 was 3.1 micrograms/ml. staphylococcus aureus had a mic50 of 0.4 micrograms/ml and a mic90 o ... | 1984 | 6241847 |
| enterobacter cloacae outer membrane permeability to ceftizoxime (fk 749) and five other new cephalosporin derivatives. | the ability of ceftizoxime to penetrate the outer membrane was compared with those of five other new cephalosporins: cefotiam, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, cefmetazole and cefoxitin, using a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae as a test strain. estimation of permeability was performed by a method utilizing the inhibitory activities of the cephalosporins against beta-lactamase located in the periplasm. of the cephalosporins tested, both ceftizoxime and cefmetazole gave remarkably high concentrati ... | 1980 | 6247313 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime, a new cephalosporin. | cefotaxime, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against clinically isolated strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. this cephalosporin was slightly less active than cefazolin against staphylococcus aureus but 4 to 300 times as active as carbenicillin against gram-negative organisms, including pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens. cefotaxime was the most active compound a ... | 1980 | 6251749 |
| [cefotaxime, syn isomer of a new methoxyimino cephalosporin with unusual activity (author's transl)]. | cefotaxime, the - syn - derivative of 7 - [(2-(2-amino-4-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyimino) acetamido] cephalosporanic acid, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. in in vitro studies, it was 80 times more active than the - anti - derivative against beta-lactamase-producing strains of gram-negative bacteria. the range of inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime against gram-negative bacteria, including haemophilus influenzae, susceptible or resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins was from 0.01 to 0. ... | 1981 | 6259588 |
| [cefotaxime csf levels in children with purulent meningitis (author's transl)]. | cefotaxime concentrations obtained in the c.s.f. of twelve children suffering from bacterial meningitis and undergoing monotherapy with this antibiotic are reported. among these 12 patients, 4 infants (aged 3 to 28 days) had neonatal meningitis (due to serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli); one infant (2 months old) had meningitis due to salmonella panama; 5 children (aged 5 to 11 months) had meningitis due to haemophilus; and 2 children had belated supe ... | 1981 | 6259596 |
| [clinical evaluation of cefotaxime at various dosage levels in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. | in this study, 63 patients with various urinary tract infections were treated with cefotaxime in different dosages. they were aged from 10 to 82 years (mean: 59). the cases included 33 cystitis, 25 pyelonephritis, 4 chronic prostatitis and 1 orchiepididymitis. 85 strains of enterobacteria were identified: 20 e. coli, 2 citrobacter freundi, 5 proteus mirabilis, 12 indole positive proteus, 1 providentia, 11 klebsiella, 3 enterobacter cloacae and 31 serratia marescens and liquefaciens. 80 of these ... | 1981 | 6259607 |
| antimicrobial activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365). | the in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365 or a-50912), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, was compared with those of cefazolin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against a broad spectrum of 486 organisms and with that of cefotaxime against 114 organisms. cefmenoxime and cefotaxime exhibited nearly equivalent activities against those organisms tested and were the most active of these cephalosporins against all aerobic and facultative organisms except staphylococcus aureus. the minimum in ... | 1981 | 6264846 |
| effect of combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam. | the effect of cefsulodin in combination with mecillinam was examined against a wide range of bacterial species. the antibacterial spectrum was widened by the combination of cefsulodin and mecillinam in the ratio of 5:1 and 10:1. in overall observations, in the in vitro test, a synergistic effect against clinical isolates was found on klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis and proteus vulgaris, and an additive effect was found on ... | 1981 | 6268593 |
| beta-lactamase stability and antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime (sce-1365), a novel cephalosporin. | cefmenoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, has been shown to be stable to a staphylococcus aureus penicillinase and r plasmid-mediated type i and type iv penicillinases. it was also resistant to hydrolysis by most cephalosporinases, but was susceptible to hydrolysis by a proteus vulgaris beta-lactamase. cefmenoxime was active against cephaloridine-resistant species, except pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was moderately resistant to cefmenoxime. cefmenoxime was an inducer of p. vulgaris beta-lact ... | 1981 | 6269488 |
| restriction endonuclease ecai from enterobacter cloacae. | restriction endonuclease ecai obtained from enterobacter cloacae dsm30056 recognizes the group of heptanucleotide palindromes 5'-g[unk]g-t-n-a-c-c-3', and on cleavage (arrow) produces fragments with 5'-terminal pentanucleotide extensions. it is identical in specificity with restriction endonuclease bsteii from bacillus stearothermophilus et. | 1981 | 6273787 |
| transposition of the carbenicillin-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase gene. | we isolated a new transposon tn2101, from plasmid rms433 in enterobacter cloacae. tn2101 encoded the formation of type iv (carbenicillin-hydrolyzing) beta-lactamase and multiple resistance to streptomycin, sulfanilamide, spectinomycin, and mercury in addition to ampicillin. tn2101 was transposable between conjugative (or nonconjugative) plasmids and the host chromosome. transposition occurred independently of the general recombination ability of the host cell. tn2101 had a molecular size of 9.5 ... | 1982 | 6279559 |
| clinical efficacy of cefotaxime in serious infections. | thirty-five patients underwent 38 treatment courses with cefotaxime. documented infections included 11 bacteremias, 7 cases of nosocomial pneumonia, 6 surgical wound infections, 3 bone infections, 1 biliary infection, and 1 urinary tract infection. granulocytopenic patients with fever received 15 courses of empiric cefotaxime therapy alone; in 8 courses, no definite site of infection or pathogen was isolated. broad-spectrum antibiotics had been administered to 23 patients before cefotaxime. thir ... | 1982 | 6282202 |
| efficacy of ceftriaxone in serious bacterial infections. | ceftriaxone is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum in vitro activity and an unusually long serum half-life. the clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone was evaluated in 35 infections in 34 patients; 12 of these patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 10 had infections of the urinary tract, 8 had pneumonia, 2 had biliary tract infections, 1 had sinusitis, 1 had diverticulitis, and 1 had a retroperitoneal abscess. of the 35 infections, 9 were bacteremic. the bacteria isolated incl ... | 1982 | 6285809 |
| non-specific influence of antibiotics on the course of infectious processes. | the clinical significance of a concomitant, non-specific influence of antibiotics on immune defence mechanisms was studied by evaluating the death rate in mice experimentally infected with highly resistant or primarily resistant microorganisms. it could be shown that the mortality rate of mice infected with enterobacter cloacae or candida albicans significantly increased under treatment with cefoxitin, whereas treatment with cefotaxine or lamoxactam either had no effect, or even resulted in a be ... | 1982 | 6286499 |
| ceftriaxone: in vitro studies and clinical evaluation. | the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone against 437 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli was determined. ceftriaxone was found to have high in vitro activity against enterobacteriaceae, with the exception of enterobacter cloacae. ceftriaxone was only minimally active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter calcoaceticus. we evaluated the clinical efficacy and toxicity of ceftriaxone in 55 adult patients. bacterial infection was confirmed by the isolation of etiological bacteria in 30 ... | 1982 | 6289734 |
| in vitro activity of n-formimidoyl-thienamycin in comparison to that of moxalactam and cefotaxime against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of n-formimidoyl-thienamycin in vitro against 131 clinical isolates selected for their gentamicin resistance was compared with that of cefotaxime and moxalactam. all strains were inhibited by n-formimidoyl-thienamycin concentrations within a range of 0.12-4 mg/l. n-formimidoyl-thienamycin was less active than cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli and klebsiella spp., and more active than all other antibiotics tested against serratia spp., ent ... | 1982 | 6293811 |
| comparative activity of cefotaxime and selected beta-lactam antibiotics against haemophilus influenzae and aerobic gram-negative bacilli. | the activity of cefotaxime was compared with that of ampicillin, moxalactam, and cefoperozone against 50 isolates of haemophilus influenzae and with that of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefazolin, and several other established and investigational beta-lactam antibiotics against several hundred isolates of gram-negative aerobic enteric bacilli. minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs were determined by the agar plate dilution technique for h. influenzae a ... | 1982 | 6294790 |
| 6-acetylmethylenepenicillanic acid (ro 15-1903), a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor. ii. antibacterial properties. | the beta-lactamase inhibitor ro 15-1903 showed low affinity for penicillin binding proteins (pbps) of escherichia coli. when used as a single compound, it displayed no substantial antibacterial activity but in combination with ampicillin, it was similar to clavulanic acid in conferring activity against ampicillin-resistant strains. some synergy between ro 15-1903 and piperacillin was found against high inocula of pseudomonas aeruginosa. ro 15-1903 markedly enhanced the activity of ceftriaxone ag ... | 1982 | 6298168 |
| [microbiological studies with the new penicillin brl 17421 (temocillin)]. | in vitro evaluation of brl 17421 (temocillin), a new penicillin. the in vitro antibacterial activity of brl 17421 (temocillin), a new penicillin, was determined in quantitative serial broth dilution tests and was compared to that of mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefazolin and cefotaxime against 751 clinical isolates of the enterobacteriaceae family. in addition, the sensitivity of 211 mezlocillin-resistant gram-negative rods to brl 17421 was also determined. temocillin exhibited a high level of ant ... | 1983 | 6302007 |
| cefotetan: antimicrobial activity in-vitro compared with that of cefotaxime. | the antimicrobial activity of cefotetan and cefotaxime were compared in vitro against 547 strains of aerobes and 24 strains of bacteroides fragilis. the strains were recent clinical isolates from 20 hospitals. cefotetan was found to exhibit an activity two- to fourfold lower than that of cefotaxime against most of the enterobacteriaceae. about half the number of enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae strains resistant to cefotetan were resistant also to cefotaxime. cefotetan was more ac ... | 1983 | 6302064 |
| is15, a new insertion sequence widely spread in r plasmids of gram-negative bacteria. | we have shown that the is15 element, first detected in salmonella ordonez and previously designated is1522 (labigne-roussel et al. 1981), could transpose, with an approximate frequency of 5 x 10(-5), to various sites of different replicons in an escherichia coli host deficient for general homologous recombination. physical mapping with restriction endonucleases of this 1,500 base pairs (bp) transposable module indicated the presence of two, possibly contiguous, directly repeated internal sequenc ... | 1983 | 6304459 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefodizime, an aminothiazolyl iminomethoxy cephalosporin. | cefodizime, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin similar to moxalactam and ceftazidime, was less active (minimal inhibitory concentration, 1.6 to 12 micrograms) than cefazolin or cefotaxime against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. it inhibited haemophilus and neisseria spp. at less than 0.5 microgram/ml. it did not inhibit methicillin-resistant staphylococci, enterococci, or listeria spp. and was 8- to 32-fold less active than cefotaxime, moxalactam, or ceftazidime a ... | 1983 | 6311090 |
| n-(functionalized alkyl) derivatives of 6-aminopenicillanic acid: a new series of specific inhibitors of beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99. | eight of nine new n-alkylaminopenicillanic acids (7a approximately c, e approximately j), prepared via efficient direct monoalkylation reactions, were found to be specific inhibitors of cephalosporinase p99 with ic50 less than or equal to 4 mg/liter, while representative corresponding s-oxidized derivatives were less active. | 1983 | 6317623 |
| transfer of the chromosomal bla gene from enterobacter cloacae to escherichia coli by rp4::mini-mu. | the resistance gene for beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporins from enterobacter cloacae was transferred to escherichia coli by the aid of rp4::mini-mu. the r-prime plasmids generated carried 60 to 80 kilobases (kb) of e. cloacae dna and coded for the chromosomal e. cloacae beta-lactamase. the gene was fully expressed in the recipient. restriction endonuclease ecori fragments of the r-prime plasmid pbp100 were cloned into the vector pbp328, yielding the plasmid pbp102 with a size of 14 kb. a restr ... | 1984 | 6317658 |
| [in vivo effects of cefoperazone in local infection]. | the in vivo antibacterial activity and the penetration into inflammatory tissues of cefoperazone (cpz) were compared with those of cefotiam (ctm) in local infection systems using mouse subcutaneous abscess and rat granuloma pouch. the serum levels of cpz in subcutaneous abscess in mice caused by staphylococcus aureus f-230 (penicillinase producing strain) were lower than that of ctm, but there was no significance between the therapeutic effects of both drugs. the same results were obtained using ... | 1983 | 6325755 |
| purification and characterization of two kinds of porins from the enterobacter cloacae outer membrane. | two major outer membrane proteins of enterobacter cloacae 206 were purified and identified as porins by using reconstituted vesicles. the 37-kilodalton porin forms a channel with a radius of 0.6 nm, which prefers positively charged substances to negatively charged ones, whereas the 39- to 40-kilodalton porin forms a larger channel with a radius of 0.8 nm, which has weaker selectivity for electric charges. | 1984 | 6327633 |
| [hplc study of the inhibition of enterobacterial cephalosporinases by cefmenoxime]. | high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) has shown that cefmenoxime and cefotaxime are stable to the cephalosporinase of enterobacter cloacae p99 , morganella morganii gn 1510 and serratia liquefaciens 132. they are significantly resistant to hydrolysis by 100 cephalosporinase units (cephalosporinase production of 10(12) bacterial). cefmenoxime and cefotaxime are also inhibitors of cephalosporinase at the concentration of 5.10-10 micrograms per 10-10 unit of enzyme. | 1984 | 6330649 |
| susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to polymyxin b nonapeptide. | subinhibitory concentrations of polymyxin b nonapeptide sensitized all 21 polymyxin-susceptible gram-negative bacterial strains studied to hydrophobic antibiotics such as fusidic acid, novobiocin, and erythromycin. the susceptibility increases were usually 30- to 300-fold. the strains included representatives of escherichia coli with different o- and k-antigens, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, salmonella typhimurium, acinetobacter calcoa ... | 1984 | 6331296 |
| nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | induction of beta-lactamase was monitored in a strain of enterobacter cloacae exhibiting high resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics. large amounts of the enzyme were induced not only in the presence of beta-lactams, but also in the presence of other bicyclic molecules such as folic acid, thiamin, tryptophan or haemin. moreover, complex media (such as trypticase soy broth and schaedler's broth) and various body fluids (serum, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid) also possessed considerable ... | 1984 | 6332174 |
| comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fr 17027, a new orally active cephalosporin. | fr 17027, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin ester, inhibited group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.1 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the inhibition concentration of amoxicillin and cefaclor, and was more active than cephalexin. it was less active (mic, 25 micrograms/ml) against staphylococci than was cephalexin, and it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria monocytogenes. fr 17027 inhibited beta-lactamase-producing isolates of neisser ... | 1984 | 6333207 |
| the active site of the p99 beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | labelling the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 with a poor substrate or a mechanism-based inactivator points to an active-site serine residue in a sequence closely resembling that of the ampc beta-lactamase. these results establish the p99 enzyme as a class-c beta-lactamase, and the concurrence of the two approaches helps to confirm the reliability of determining active-site sequences with the aid of mechanism-based inactivators. | 1984 | 6333871 |
| synergism of ps-5 with penicillins and cephalosporins in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactam-resistant gram-negative microorganisms. | the in vitro synergism of ps-5 combined with various penicillins and cephalosporins in antimicrobial activity was examined in detail against beta-lactam-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ps-5 showed a highly significant synergism in antimicrobial action against escherichia coli rgn238 in combination with penicillins; and against proteus vulgaris gn76 and serratia marcescens t55 in combination with cephalosporins. it was moderately synergistic against citrobacter freundii gn346, enterobacter cloa ... | 1984 | 6334679 |
| interaction of ro 17-2301 (ama-1080) with beta-lactamases. | against a variety of beta-lactamases tested, mostly of chromosomal origin, ro 17-2301 (ama-1080) proved to be more stable than the new cephalosporins and thus resembles aztreonam. against the beta-lactamases from klebsiella oxytoca and pseudomonas vulgaris, however, ro 17-2301 proved to be much more stable than aztreonam. enzymatic hydrolysis, performed with the k. oxytoca beta-lactamase, yielded a single compound, viz. the microbiologically inactive, ring-opened structure. ro 17-2301 is a poten ... | 1984 | 6335074 |
| beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | the beta-lactamase activity with ampicillin (a) and cephalothin (ce) as substrate was examined in 28 strains of ent. cloacae and 24 strains of c. freundii by a micro-iodometric-(mia) and an ultraviolet assay (uva). carbenicillin resistance (ca-r) was present in 32 strains (16 of each species). all ca-resistant (ca-r) strains had elevated amounts of beta-lactamase. the conditions were very similar in the two species. the ca-r strains could be divided into two subgroups. one group had very high am ... | 1984 | 6335817 |
| [induction of beta-lactamases in enterobacter cloacae with beta-lactam antibiotics]. | the induction potency of various beta-lactam compounds was studied in a clinical isolate which exhibited resistance against most beta-lactam compounds; however, spontaneous beta-lactamase production was only marginal in this strain. in general, all beta-lactam derivatives included in this study possessed induction potency independent of the nucleus of the compound. n-formimidoyl thienamycin, the penem compound sch 29482, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and clavulanic acid proved to be the most potent ... | 1984 | 6335880 |
| inactivation of cephalosporins by beta-lactamases of gram-negative rods. | intracellular beta-lactamase activity of gram-negative rods (four pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, one strain each of enterobacter cloacae, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii and serratia marcescens) was greatly increased by subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin, with the exception of one p. aeruginosa strain. cefotaxime, cefoperazone and ceftazidime were much less effective as enzyme inducers in these strains. a reduction in beta-lactamase activity after pre-incubation with cephalosporin ... | 1983 | 6339417 |
| ceftazidime therapy of serious bacterial infections. | ceftazidime, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, was administered to 30 patients with serious bacterial infections in a randomized dosing trial with daily doses of 1.5 or 3 g. both regimens were equally efficacious, with satisfactory clinical responses in 28 instances (93%) and microbiological eradication of 79% of initial bacterial isolates. the development of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy was observed in three cases (enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas ae ... | 1983 | 6340601 |
| [the antibiotic agent azthreonam: studies on plasmid-dependent resistance formation]. | two mechanisms can be assumed that are responsible for the stability of azthreonam against the attack of beta-lactamases: first, azthreonam lacks binding to the enzyme protein and second, rate of hydrolysis is extremely low, resulting even in inhibition of enzyme activity. enzyme kinetics were studied from highly purified enzymes: azthreonam did not bind to the tem-1 enzyme, whereas the compound revealed a time-dependent inhibition of the chromosomally mediated enterobacter cloacae enzyme. with ... | 1983 | 6341212 |
| phenomenon of resistance to augmentin associated with sensitivity to ampicillin: occurrence and explanation. | ampicillin was found to be some tenfold more active than amoxycillin against enterobacter cloacae. this finding explains the observation that some ent cloacae strains are sensitive to ampicillin in the disc test but resistant to augmentin. ampicillin was also found to be more active than amoxycillin against citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens. in view of these findings, the practice of using ampicillin discs to predict sensitivity to amoxycillin should be reconsidered. the use of both a ... | 1983 | 6343436 |
| facultative gram-negative enteric rods in persistent periapical infections. | a bacteriological investigation has been made in two cases of persistent periapical infections. neither of the two infections responded to root canal therapy including penicillin or penicillin and erythromycin. samples were taken aseptically for bacteriological examination through and root canals. chloroform-washed, sterile paper points were used for sampling. cultivation was performed immediately at chairside on kanamycin-vancomycin laked blood agar (kvlb) and blood agar supplemented with menad ... | 1983 | 6346780 |
| transferable antibiotic resistance in a general hospital: a two year survey. | for two years transferable antibiotic resistance (tar) was studied by replicator methods in strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated in a 900-bed hospital. transfer to an escherichia coli recipient was demonstrated in 21% of 7,800 enterobacteriaceae. it was most common in klebsiella (37% of isolates) and least in acinetobacter (6%). the mean number of phenotypic resistance markers (rms) transferred was higher from klebsiella pneumoniae or enterobacter cloacae than from e. coli or p. mirabilis. k. ... | 1983 | 6349599 |
| synthesis of plasmid-coded heat-labile enterotoxin in wild-type and hypertoxinogenic strains of escherichia coli and in other genera of enterobacteriaceae. | the effect of host determinants on expression of plasmid-coded heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) was examined. a collection of lt plasmids was introduced into isogenic strains of escherichia coli k-12 strains containing the wild type or hypertoxinogenic (htx-2) allele. for each plasmid tested, production of lt increased by approximately 1.5- to 3-fold in the host containing htx-2, indicating that the htx-2 allele affects a regulatory function for lt production that is common to many different enterot ... | 1983 | 6350177 |
| evaluation of the updated ms-2 bacterial identification system in comparison with the api 20e system. | the recently updated ms-2 bacterial identification system software (abbott laboratories, diagnostic division, irving, tex.) was compared with the original ms-2 bacterial identification software and the api 20e, using 968 strains of enterobacteriaceae. the updated ms-2 software correctly identified 94.4% of the isolates tested. api 20e and the original ms-2 software correctly identified 91 and 85.3% of the strains, respectively. ms-2 responses were considered to be equivocal (needing additional t ... | 1983 | 6350342 |
| chromosomal beta-lactamases of enterobacter cloacae are responsible for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. | about 70% of all enterobacter cloacae strains tested possessed one of two species-specific beta-lactamases. these enzymes, e. cloacae beta-lactamase a and e. cloacae beta-lactamase b, with isoelectric points of 8.8 and 7.8, respectively, had the same ph and temperature optima. both showed similar enzyme kinetics and were inhibited by cloxacillin but not by p-chloromercuribenzoate. e. cloacae beta-lactamase b appeared to be identical with the enzyme of e. cloacae p99. by a mutation in a regulator ... | 1983 | 6351733 |
| open study of ceftazidime in serious infections due to multiply-resistant bacteria. | we treated 37 infections in 32 patients who had one or more significant underlying diseases. most of the responsible micro-organisms were multiresistant, but were initially sensitive to ceftazidime. they included 16 pseudomonas spp., 10 serratia spp., 6 klebsiella spp., 7 other enterobacteriaceae, 3 staphylococcus spp., 3 strict anaerobes and 1 acinetobacter anitratus. indications for ceftazidime encompassed a broad spectrum of diseases: 10 complicated uti, 13 skeletal and soft tissue infections ... | 1983 | 6352619 |
| nif-hybrids of enterobacter: selection for nif gene integration with chlorate. | the nif gene group from klebsiella can be transferred into enterobacter cloacae by conjugation using escherichia coli donor cells carrying the composite self-transmissible nif-plasmid prd1. a small fraction of the hybrids obtained is stable upon prolonged passaging without selection. their stability is due to integration of prd1 into the chromosome. such integration hybrids were chlorate resistant, and nitrate reductase negative, which indicated that integration preferentially occurred within on ... | 1983 | 6353161 |
| efficacy of brl 25000 against serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, and citrobacter freundii in urinary tract infections. | synergism between amoxicillin and clavulanic acid was not expected against cephalosporinase-producing bacterial strains because clavulanic acid has little inhibitory action on cephalosporinases. however, in a clinical trial of brl 25000 (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), excellent results were obtained in complicated urinary tract infections caused by serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, and citrobacter freundii strains which produced cephalosporinase and were highly resistant to amoxicillin a ... | 1983 | 6357078 |
| induction of cephalosporinase production by various penicillins in enterobacteriaceae. | the inducer activity of seven penicillins for cephalosporinase (csase) production and their antibacterial activity against csase-producing strains were studied using clinical isolates of proteus morganii, p. rettgeri, p. vulgaris, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens. piperacillin, apalcillin, and methicillin showed rather low inducer activity for csase production in all strains tested. on the other hand, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and sulbenicillin showed high inducer activity for csas ... | 1983 | 6358172 |
| bacterial growth and endotoxin production in lipid emulsion. | klebsiella pneumoniae serotypes 21 and 24 and enterobacter cloacae were responsible for an outbreak of polymicrobial bacteremia associated with the receipt of lipid emulsion. since it is recommended that lipid emulsion be kept refrigerated between uses, we undertook a study to determine the growth characteristics of these organisms in lipid emulsion at 5 and 25 degrees c and to examine the use of alternative measurements (ph and endotoxin) to determine contamination by viable and nonviable micro ... | 1984 | 6361059 |
| influence of methoxy-substitution of beta-lactam compounds on the interaction with various beta-lactamases. | the interaction of 6 alpha-(temocillin) and 7 alpha-methoxy substituted (cefoxitin) beta-lactam compounds with various beta-lactamases was studied employing enzyme kinetics and compared to that of unsubstituted compounds. both chromosomally mediated enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were competitively inhibited by the methoxy-substituted compounds. higher concentrations of cefoxitin caused a competitive inhibition of the plasmid-mediated tem-1 enzyme, whereas temocillin ... | 1983 | 6362278 |
| hydrogen peroxide-mediated antagonism against serratia marcescens by streptococcus mitis. | the alpha-hemolytic streptococcus mitis strain no. 17-1, isolated from the oral cavity of an healthy female adult, antagonized the growth of all 24 test strains of serratia marcescens examined; furthermore, this strain inhibited the growth of various strains of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, s. agalactiae, s. pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, listeria monocytogenes, and corynebacterium diphtheriae. however, strans of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebs ... | 1983 | 6372321 |
| investigations on beta-lactamase stability of recently developed beta-lactam compounds: study of enzyme kinetics. | the plasmid-mediated tem-1 enzyme (e. coli k12 r6k) and chromosomally mediated enzymes from enterobacter cloacae (iep 8.5) and citrobacter freundii (iep 9.5) were highly purified. enzyme kinetics were studied with various therapeutic compounds as substrates and lamoxactam, azthreonam, and n-formimidoyl thienamycin as inhibitors. lamoxactam and azthreonam failed to inhibit the tem-1 enzyme, whereas n-formimidoyl thienamycin was a competitive inhibitor. ki was 5 mumol/l--thus corresponding to km-- ... | 1983 | 6372325 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for bacterial meningitis. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has excellent microbiologic activity against most pathogens that produce meningitis; both components of this drug have high penetration into tissues, including the cerebrospinal fluid. clinical experience shows that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be beneficial in the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis caused by organisms only moderately susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins (enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens) or resistant to these an ... | 1984 | 6372565 |
| resistance types in citrobacter freundii. occurrence and resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin and mecillinam. transfer of ampicillin resistance. | the resistance types of citrobacter freundii were investigated. the strains were divided into three groups according to susceptibility to penicillin derivatives. group 1, comprising the ampicillin-carbenicillin sensitive strains (a-s/ca-s), constituted 22%. group 2 (ampicillin-resistant (a-r)/ca-s) constituted 45% and group 3 (a-r/ca-r) 32%. two strains (1%) were recorded as a-s/ca-r. group 3 contained a higher proportion of multi-resistant strains than groups 1 and 2. the log2ic50 with ampicill ... | 1984 | 6375251 |
| inhibitory activity and resistance to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases of some (d,l)-7-(alpha-fluoroacylamino)cephalosporins. | the synthesis of a series of (d,l)-7-(alpha-fluoroacylamino)-cephalosporanic acids are described. in vitro antimicrobial activity was determined in comparison with the corresponding non-fluorinated compounds. none of them were found to be better than clinically used cephalosporins. resistance to and inhibition of beta-lactamases from gram-negative organisms were also determined. all the fluorinated derivatives were found to be as resistant to hydrolysis by escherichia coli r+tem beta-lactamase a ... | 1984 | 6376165 |
| novel method for studying the public health significance of macroinvertebrates occurring in potable water. | an experimental procedure was developed to study the association of selected bacteria and macroinvertebrates and their response to free available chlorine disinfection. the organisms selected for study were escherichia coli ( lacz545 ), enterobacter cloacae (atcc 23355), and the amphipod hyalella azteca . e. coli was shown to bind tightly (1.6 x 10(4) cfu per amphipod ) to this macroinvertebrate and to resist repeated attempts to wash it off. e. cloacae was shown to bind much less tightly (1.4 x ... | 1984 | 6378089 |
| use of the becton-dickinson urine culture tube with the abbott ms-2 urine screening system. | urine specimens were obtained from 312 obstetric outpatients by sterile midstream technique and aliquots placed in both becton-dickinson urine culture tubes and sterile conventional tubes. quantitative cultures were made from each tube, and each tube was screened for bacteria with the abbott ms-2 urine screening system. the time required to detect bacteriuria was recorded for both specimens. isolates from specimens containing greater than or equal to 50,000/ml gram-positive cocci or greater than ... | 1984 | 6378504 |