| production and characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b ectodomain derivatives in an hsp70a gene promoter-based expression system. | different derivatives of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) ectodomain were expressed in a novel heat-shock expression system. the putative ectodomain, gbt, and the n-terminal subunit, gbb, were of the expected molecular weight and were secreted. their production were heat-inducible and the purified proteins were able to elicit antibody responses in mice of a comparable level as induced by authentic gb. the truncated c-terminal subunit, gbct, was retained in the endoplasmic reticul ... | 1996 | 8920833 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and reactivation of seven bovine herpesvirus 1.1 strains: clinical and virological aspects. | specific pathogen-free calves were inoculated intranasally with one of seven strains of bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv 1.1) to identify a highly virulent strain for use in vaccination-challenge experiments. the calves were monitored clinically and virologically. clear differences in virulence between the strains were observed. the iowa strain was the most virulent; the four calves infected with the strain had the most severe clinical signs; two of them died and viraemia was detected in three of the ... | 1996 | 8923716 |
| effect of recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta in normal calves and in calves infected with bovine herpesvirus type 1. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) is an important pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. its continuing importance lies in its ability to predispose infected hosts to bacterial infections. in this present study, we determined whether the immunoregulatory effects induced by interleukin-1 (il-1) could stimulate appropriate host defense mechanisms to influence the course of bhv-1 infection in cattle. we first evaluated the effect of different doses (10-1000 ng/kg) of il-1 in normal cattle. a sing ... | 1996 | 8938563 |
| [detection of herpesvirus serum antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic]. | antibodies reacting in the virus-neutralisation test with bovine herpesvirus (bhv-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), were demonstrated in a herd of red deer (cervus elaphus) imported into the czech republic. sera from the same collection were later tested against a homologous virus, termed herpesvirus cervidae 1 (hvc-1), isolated from red deer in scotland. out of 165 imported animals, antibodies to bhv-1 were found in 68% and to hvc-1 in 71% of the animals. titre ... | 1996 | 8966967 |
| an attenuated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine induces a better protection than two inactivated marker vaccines. | a comparative study on the efficacy of 3 bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccines was carried out. an attenuated ge-negative vaccine, an inactivated ge-negative vaccine and an experimental gd-subunit vaccine were tested twice in a vaccination-challenge experiment in cattle. the attenuated vaccine induced the best clinical protection as evidenced by the total absence of clinical signs and fever in cattle. in addition, the attenuated vaccine reduced the shedding of challenge virus significantly ... | 1996 | 8972048 |
| prediction of potential cytotoxic t lymphocyte epitopes of bovine herpesvirus 1 based on allele-specific peptide motifs and proteolytic cleavage specificities. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules present endogenous peptides to cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls). elucidation of ctl epitopes of intracellular pathogens helps in designing better vaccines to control economically important human and animal diseases. in this study, candidate epitopes that are potentially available for presentation to the ctls via five bovine mhc class i molecules have been identified. this was accomplished by using the computer programs "find-patterns" and "p ... | 1996 | 8972566 |
| from essential to beneficial: glycoprotein d loses importance for replication of bovine herpesvirus 1 in cell culture. | glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) has been shown to be an essential component of virions involved in virus entry. gd expression in infected cells is also required for direct cell-to-cell spread. therefore, bhv-1 gd functions are identical in these aspects to those of herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) gd. in contrast, the gd homolog of pseudorabies virus (prv), although essential for penetration, is not necessary for direct cell-to-cell spread. cocultivation of cells infected with ... | 1997 | 8985319 |
| assembly of herpes simplex virus capsids using the human cytomegalovirus scaffold protein: critical role of the c terminus. | an essential step in assembly of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 capsids involves interaction of the major capsid protein (vp5) with the c terminus of the scaffolding protein (encoded by the ul26.5 gene). the final 12 residues of the hsv scaffolding protein contains an a-x-x-f-v/a-x-q-m-m-x-x-r motif which is conserved between scaffolding proteins found in other alphaherpesviruses but not in members of the beta- or gamma-herpesviruses. previous studies have shown that the bovine herpesvirus 1 ... | 1997 | 8995652 |
| recombinant bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) lacking transactivator protein bicpo entails lack of glycoprotein c and severely reduced infectivity. | the immediate-early transactivator protein bicpo is a key regulatory element of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) replication based on transient expression assays. to examine bicpo function in the context of the viral genome, we created recombinant bhv-1 expressing beta-galactosidase instead of bicpo. to complement the defect, a neomycin resistant mdbk cell line (m164) expressing bicpo was established, permitting selection of a blue-staining bhv-1 recombinant (a2g2). southern blot and pcr analysis co ... | 1996 | 8997489 |
| detection of viral genome in non-neural tissues of cattle experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus 1. | to obtain further information on the latent infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) in the natural host, we examined the nasal secretions and various tissues of experimentally infected calves using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and immuno-pcr/antigen (immuno-pcr/ag) assays. in the nasal secretions, viral dna was detected in samples with virus isolation titers of 10(4.3) tcid50 or more by pcr. on the same samples, immuno-pcr/ag remained positive up to day 19 p.i. the last ... | 1996 | 8997877 |
| pathogenesis of ruminant herpesvirus infections. | ruminants are hosts for members of both alpha- and gamma-herpesvirinae. a wide range of disease syndromes is associated with infections by these agents. the associated diseases reflect the biological nature of the causative viruses. clinically, the symptoms may be mild and localized or include severe generalized disease, leading eventually to death. much knowledge has been gained concerning the pathogenesis of some alpha-herpesviruses. initially, these viruses replicate in epithelial cells at th ... | 1996 | 9010994 |
| molecular virology of ruminant herpesviruses. | molecular virology has served to establish bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as the prototype member of ruminant herpesviruses. based on the genomic sequence of the virus, we aim to identify and characterize virus-specified components, to explain their concerted action, and to predict how the chain of events during the lytic and latent phases of the viral life cycle may be interrupted. the nucleotide sequence of the bhv-1 genome (136 kb) has just been completed by international cooperation (july 1995 ... | 1996 | 9010995 |
| immunology of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. | immune responses to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) have been studied following exposure of animals to virulent virus, conventional live or killed vaccines, genetically engineered live virus vaccines, subunit vaccines and, more recently, following immunization with plasmids encoding putative protective antigens. in all cases reported to date, exposure to bhv-1 or its glycoproteins induced specific responses to the virus which are capable of neutralizing virus and killing virus infected cells. these ... | 1996 | 9010996 |
| advances in the development and evaluation of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccines. | this review deals with conventional and modern bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccines. conventional vaccines are widely used to prevent clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. the use of conventional vaccines, however, does not appear to have resulted in reduction of the prevalence of infection. novel bhv1 marker vaccines comprise either mutants with a deletion in one of the non-essential genes, or subunit vaccines that contain one or more glycoproteins. these marker vaccines can be u ... | 1996 | 9010997 |
| gene contents in a 31-kb segment at the left genome end of bovine herpesvirus-1. | we report the nucleotide sequence of a 31-kb segment at the left genome end of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and show that it comprises 19 different open reading frames (orfs), including seven which have been described previously (circ, dutpase, ul49.5, alpha tif, vp8, glycoprotein c, and ribonucleotide reductase small subunit). the new sequence resulted in a correction at the c-terminus of glycoprotein c. all 19 orfs exhibited strong amino acid sequence homology to the gene products of other alp ... | 1996 | 9010999 |
| structural and functional analysis of bovine herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins. | this paper focuses on the structure and functions of bovine herpesvirus 1 minor glycoproteins gh, ge, gg and gp42. it reviews the progress which has been made in their identification and characterization, in the study of their temporal expression and processing in infected cells, and finally in the understanding of their biological activities. in addition, aspects discussed include a comparison with two other alphaherpesviruses, namely herpes simplex virus and pseudorabies virus. | 1996 | 9011001 |
| persistence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 and virus reactivation two to three years after infection. | to study the long-term persistence of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) specific antibodies in cattle, serum samples were collected regularly over a period of two to three years after infection. the sera were titrated in a bhv1 neutralizing antibody test, a glycoprotein gb blocking elisa and a glycoprotein ge blocking elisa. sera collected after infection were positive in all tests and the titres declined only minimally during the investigation period. two to three years after infection, four animals ... | 1996 | 9011002 |
| the role of glycoproteins gc, ge, gi, and gg in the induction of cell-mediated immune responses to bovine herpesvirus 1. | mutant viruses with deletions in genes encoding non-essential glycoproteins are considered as promising bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vaccine candidates. the present study compared the influence of various gene deletions (gc, ge, gi, gg) on the induction of cell-mediated immune responses against the virus. the highest bhv1 specific lymphoproliferative response was observed in the group of calves inoculated with the gc- mutant. however, in all groups of inoculated calves, limiting dilution analysis ... | 1996 | 9011004 |
| assessment of the cell-mediated immunity in cattle infection after bovine herpesvirus 4 infection, using an in vitro antigen-specific interferon-gamma assay. | the cell-mediated immunity (cmi) following bovine herpesvirus 4 (bhv4) infection has been poorly investigated in cattle. the in vivo response measured by a delayed type of hypersensitivity (dth) assay has been reported to be positive in only few animals showing serological evidences of bhv4 infection. we have investigated the cmi following bhv4 infection by an in vitro antigen-specific interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) release assay, as an indicator of an actively acquired immunity to bhv4. our preli ... | 1996 | 9011005 |
| antibody isotype responses to experimental infection with bovine herpesvirus 1 in calves with colostrally derived antibody. | calves, both positive and negative for maternal antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), were infected with bhv-1 and their serum antibody isotype responses were measured post-infection. in the case of maternal antibody negative calves there was a classical humoral response to the virus with an early igm peak followed by igg1 and igg2 responses. in maternal antibody positive calves, although infection was established, no active antibody response was detected in serum except for a transient igm ... | 1996 | 9011006 |
| a european inter-laboratory trial to evaluate the reliability of serological diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 infections. | the detection of cattle latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) is of importance in control programs and in international trade activities. therefore, tests to detect specific antibodies in serum must be highly sensitive. to evaluate the reliability of serological diagnosis of bhv1 infections in europe, seventeen laboratories in 15 european countries were asked to determine bhv1-specific antibodies in a panel of bovine serum samples using the serological tests available in their labor ... | 1996 | 9011007 |
| the use of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in semen during a natural outbreak of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | nasal swabs from two bulls at an artificial insemination (ai) station were submitted to our laboratory. the animals showed clinical signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), although the station was supposedly free of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). dna of bhv1 was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). subsequently nasal swabs from 100 animals that could have been in contact were submitted. bhv1 dna was detected in swabs from 23 animals. using the pcr, bhv1 could only be detecte ... | 1996 | 9011008 |
| population dynamics of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in a dairy herd. | an induced outbreak of a bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) infection in a dairy herd is described. the outbreak was induced by injecting three bhv1 seropositive cows with dexamethasone. within 7 weeks all seronegative cows had seroconverted. also some seropositive animals showed a significant increase in serum antibody titre. using these data, parameters of population dynamics such as r0, the basic reproduction ratio, could be estimated. the basic reproduction ratio is a threshold value describing inf ... | 1996 | 9011009 |
| a ge deleted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis marker vaccine for use in improved bovine herpesvirus 1 control programs. | based on a glycoprotein e (ge) deleted bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) strain (kaashoek et al., 1994) a killed virus as well as a modified live virus marker vaccine have been developed that allow differentiation between immunized and bhv1 infected cattle. safety and efficacy of both vaccines were tested extensively following the current european union (eu) requirements for the development of bovine vaccines. the minimum vaccine dose, vaccination regimen, route of administration and duration of immun ... | 1996 | 9011010 |
| early immunity induced by a live ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccine. | we studied the early immunity induced by a live glycoprotein e (ge) negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccine. three groups of specific-pathogen-free calves were either not vaccinated, or vaccinated two days or two hours before the introduction of a calf that was intranasally infected with wild-type bhv1 the day before. we quantified the shedding of ge-negative vaccine virus and of wild-type virus, using a double-staining immunoassay. in calves vaccinated two hours before the introduct ... | 1996 | 9011011 |
| development of a disease control programme based on the use of an inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. | studies to investigate the efficacy of an inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) suggest that this vaccine can prevent the in utero infection of calves from experimentally infected dams. in an experimental herd the inactivated vaccine induced a humoral immune response in both seropositive and seronegative cattle and, after subsequent intratracheal infection with ibr (bhv-1) virus, prevented development of symptoms in the cows and protected their fetuses against infec ... | 1996 | 9011012 |
| the ul2 open reading frame of bovine herpesvirus 1 encodes a uracil-dna glycosylase. | sequence analysis within the unique long segment of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) genome previously identified an open reading frame (orf), designated ul2, whose deduced polypeptide of 204 amino acids contained a consensus uracil-dna glycosylase (udgase) signature sequence. to determine whether the bhv-1 ul2 orf product has udgase activity, we positioned the ul2 sequence down-stream of the t7 promoter on the vector pet-28b(+) and expressed it in escherichia coli. upon induction with isopropyl ... | 1996 | 9013493 |
| effects of bhv-1 on pmn adhesion to bovine lung endothelial cells. | bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) infection appears to decrease the rate of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) influx into the lung in response to the secondary invader, pasteurella haemolytica. it was postulated that bhv-1 may affect the rate of cellular infiltration by altering the function of the endothelium, thereby preventing pmn movement across the blood-tissue barrier. therefore, we decided to investigate the effect of bhv-1 on the ability of pmn to adhere to lung endothelial cells (lec). lec ... | 1996 | 9014307 |
| the effect of cobalt supplementation on the immune response in vitamin b12 deficient texel lambs. | the effect of cobalt supplementation on the immune reactivity in vitamin b12 deficient lambs was measured by comparing the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against bovine herpes virus type 1 and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. in addition, faecal egg counts were performed after natural infection with gastrointestinal nematodes. the experiments were performed with registered texel twin lambs of the same sex. one lamb of each twin received three cobalt pellets divided over the grazing pe ... | 1996 | 9014314 |
| functional analysis of the transmembrane anchor region of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein gb. | in herpesviruses, homologues of glycoprotein b (gb) are essential membrane proteins which are involved in fusion. however, there is no clear evidence regarding the location of the fusogenic domain on gb. by using bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) as a model, we studied the relationship between the structure and the fusogenic activity of gb. this was achieved by expressing genes of different gb derivatives containing specific truncations at the end of segments 2 or 3 of the transmembrane region in mad ... | 1997 | 9024808 |
| prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in southern india. | the authors describe a serological survey on the prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) among cattle and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in three southern states of india. a local isolate of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) from an outbreak of the respiratory form of ibr was used as a source of virus antigen in avidin-biotin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the overall prevalence of antibodies to bhv-1 in cattle was 50.9%, and in buffalo was 52.5%. among breeding bulls, 114/120 sa ... | 1996 | 9025147 |
| characteristics of dna-tagged liposomes allowing their use in capillary-migration, sandwich-hybridization assays. | liposomes that have been labeled externally with a dna oligomer are used in a capillary-migration, sandwich-hybridization assay for specific dna target sequences. the liposomes are used in a dna detection scheme that produces visually observable results in 10 min. the preparation and covalent attachment of a thiol-activated 22-base oligomer to the external surface of dye-containing liposomes is described, and the specificity of the assay toward perfectly complementary target dna is demonstrated. ... | 1997 | 9025942 |
| supplemental dietary chromium does not influence acth, cortisol, or immune responses in young calves inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1. | twelve holstein bull calves (6 to 8 wk of age) were used to determine the influence of supplemental dietary cr on acth, cortisol, and immune responses of calves experimentally inoculated with bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). calves supplemented with cr received 3 mg cr/d (chromium, n = 6) of a high-cr-yeast product. following 53 d of treatment, all calves were fitted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were collected every 4 h into tubes containing etda. twenty-four hours later, all calves we ... | 1997 | 9027569 |
| a contribution to the systematization of bovine herpesvirus 1 based on genomic mapping by restriction fragment pattern analysis. | fourteen isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) found representative of more than 100 isolates studied, were compared by restriction fragment pattern analyses and molecularly characterized. a number of evolutionary links between the variants originally associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and the variants originally associated with infectious pustular vulvovaginitis were identified. these findings, as well as the lack of any correlation between genome type and clinical manifestati ... | 1996 | 9029790 |
| probability of detecting antibodies to bovine herpesvirus 1 in bulk milk after the introduction of a positive animal on to a negative farm. | the purpose of this study was to assess the probability that the introduction of one or more bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1)-seropositive animals would result in the bulk milk of a clean herd becoming bhv-1-positive. probability calculations (stochastic and deterministic) were based on the distribution of the log(titre) of 828 positive animals and the daily milk production of the herds and of the individual cows. they showed that the probability in average sized herds of 45 dairy cows is only betwe ... | 1997 | 9032909 |
| antiviral activity of crude extracts of guarea guidona. | crude extracts of leaves and fruits of guarea guidona were tested for antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus and foot-and-mouth disease virus in the ib-rs-2 pig cell line and against bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) in the gbk bovine cell line. the highest nontoxic doses of extracts from fruits and leaves were 125 micrograms/ml and 500 micrograms/ml. respectively. crude extracts presented antiviral activity against pseudorabies virus with a decrease in virus titer of 3.0 log units at 500 micr ... | 1996 | 9033817 |
| purification of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus alkaline deoxyribonuclease expressed in escherichia coli. | nucleotide sequence analysis within the unique long segment of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) genome identified an open reading frame of 1461 base pairs whose deduced polypeptide of 487 amino acids exhibited homology to alkaline deoxyribonucleases of other herpesviruses. to determine whether this ibrv gene product has nuclease activity, the gene designated ul12 was inserted into the vector pet-28a(+) and expressed in escherichia coli as an oligohistidine-tagged protein. upon ... | 1997 | 9035075 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 isolates contain variable copy numbers of gc-rich tandem repeats in the gi non-coding regions of their genomes. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeted to the central portion of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) genome, and overlapping the 3' untranslated end of the gi glycoprotein, was used to amplify bhv1 genomic sequences. pcr products generated from cell cultures infected with bhv1.1 were consistently smaller than the corresponding products from cells infected with bhv1.2. the nature of the sequence differences between these isolates within the target region was found to be a consequence of variable ... | 1996 | 9035371 |
| protective immunity in cattle following vaccination with conventional and marker bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) vaccines. | the efficacy of two experimental subunit gd vaccines and two commercial whole virus vaccines was determined in a bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv1) challenge trial. full-length gd and a truncated, secreted form of gd (tgd) were produced using a vaccinia virus expression system and purified by affinity chromatography. comparison of these forms of gd did not reveal significant structural or antigenic differences. calves immunized with gd or tgd in avridine developed significantly (p < 0.05) higher neutra ... | 1997 | 9041664 |
| unidirectional complementation between glycoprotein b homologues of pseudorabies virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 is determined by the carboxy-terminal part of the molecule. | the most highly conserved glycoproteins in herpesviruses, homologues of glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus, have been shown to play essential roles in membrane fusion during penetration and direct cell-to-cell spread of herpes virions. in studies aimed at assessing whether sequence conservation is reflected in the conservation of functional properties, we previously showed that bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gb was able to functionally complement a gb- prv mutant. to analyse in detail the ... | 1995 | 9049369 |
| direct detection of bovine herpes virus-1 dna from cell culture fluids using polymerase chain reaction. | a pair of oligomers of 20 and 23 bp were designed for amplifying a 381 bp sequence from glycoprotein iv gene of bovine herpesvirus 1. the primer pairs were used for amplifying genomic dna of bhv-1 directly from cell culture fluids under different experimental conditions such as, untreated cell culture fluid, thermal denaturation and proteinase k treatment in presence of detergent. the results reveal that direct thermal denaturation of cell culture fluid is sufficient to detect the virus by polym ... | 1996 | 9055637 |
| pseudorabies virus recombinants expressing functional virulence determinants ge and gi from bovine herpesvirus 1.1. | in the alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, the ge and gi genes are conserved and encode membrane glycoproteins required for efficient pathogenesis (virulence). the molecular mechanism(s) responsible is not well understood, but the existence of similar phenotypes of ge and gi mutations in diverse alphaherpesvirinae implies conservation of function(s). in this report, we describe construction of pseudorabies virus (prv) recombinants that efficiently express the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) membrane prot ... | 1997 | 9060626 |
| effect on milk production of vaccination with a bovine herpesvirus 1 gene-deleted vaccine. | a field trial was conducted to determine the effect of vaccination with an inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) ge-negative marker vaccine on the milk production of dairy cows. the daily milk yield of 455 cows in six herds was measured electronically from six days before vaccination until 14 days after vaccination. the treatment consisted of two injections with either vaccine or placebo, both at an interval of four weeks. there was a small, but significant (p < 0.05), decrease of about 1.4 li ... | 1997 | 9061871 |
| a quantitative study of the efficacy of a deletion mutant bovine herpesvirus-1 differential vaccine in reducing the establishment of latency by wildtype virus. | using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) we have studied the latency established by wildtype (wt) bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) after challenge of cattle that had been vaccinated with a double deletion (gc-/tk-) mutant bhv-1 vaccine. fourteen animals were vaccinated intramuscularly with 2 ml containing 10(7.4) ccid50 (cell culture infectious dose 50%) of ibrv (ng) dltkdlgc and challenged, along with six unvaccinated control animals, 30 days later with 10(8.2) ccid50 of wt bhv-1 (cooper) ... | 1997 | 9066027 |
| immune suppression in calves with bovine immunodeficiency virus. | the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv) infection on immune functions and possible interactions between biv and other bovine viruses in calves. ten calves were inoculated intravenously with biv, and five served as controls. an increased lymphocyte proliferation to biv gag protein was demonstrated 2 to 6 weeks after biv inoculation (p < 0.05). lymphocyte subset differentiation revealed a decreased cd4/cd8 ratio (p < 0.05) during weeks 2 to 7, s ... | 1997 | 9067663 |
| standardization of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for quantitative estimation of antibodies specific for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. | commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for detection of serum antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) were standardized to give a quantitative result when testing was performed at a single optimum dilution. for each test, serum samples were titrated and their end point titers calculated by an algebraic method directly from a plot of each titration series a ... | 1997 | 9087921 |
| prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue, bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease viruses in water buffaloes in minas gerais state, brazil. | a serological survey to detect water buffaloes with antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) and bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease virus (bvd/mdv) was performed in minas gerais state, brazil. precipitating antibodies against btv were detected by the agar gel immunodiffusion test (agid) in 54.4% of the serum samples tested. microplate serum-neutralization tests revealed that 14.7% and 52.7% of the water buffaloes had antibodies to bhv 1 and bvd/mdv, respectively. the ... | 1996 | 9091990 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 downregulates the expression of bovine mhc class i molecules. | the mechanism of immunosuppression induced by bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) was investigated by studying the effects of the virus on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. after infection with the virus, the expression of class i molecules was detected by flow cytometry and pulse-chase analysis. a selective downregulation of expression of class i molecules was seen in the infected cells, while the class ii expression remained unaffected. the reduction in surfa ... | 1997 | 9095529 |
| effects of copper deficiency and copper deficiency coupled with high dietary iron or molybdenum on phagocytic cell function and response of calves to a respiratory disease challenge. | a study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing a diet marginally deficient in copper (cu) with iron (fe), molybdenum (mo), or cu on phagocytic cell function and disease resistance of calves. thirty-one calves were born to heifers fed a corn silage-based diet containing 4.5 mg of cu/kg. treatments consisted of 1) control (con; no supplemental cu, fe, or mo), 2) 600 mg of fe added/kg (fe), 3) 5 mg of mo added/kg (mo), or 4) 10 mg of cu added/kg of dm (cu). activity of superoxide d ... | 1997 | 9110227 |
| serologic survey for infectious pathogens in free-ranging american bison. | from november 1991 through march 1992, we evaluated 101 free-ranging american bison (bison bison) from yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa) for exposure to infectious organisms that commonly infect cattle. no titers were detected for bluetongue virus, bovine leukemia virus, or campylobacter fetus in these 101 bison. detectable antibodies occurred against anaplasma marginale (eight of 76, 11%), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (31 of 101, 31%), bovine viral diarrhea (31 of 101, 31%), bovine ... | 1997 | 9131564 |
| nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of a portion of the bovine herpesvirus genome encoding genes homologous to hsv-1, ul25, ul26 and ul26.5. | we determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3,811 base pair (bp) region of the bovine herpesvirus type-1 (bhv-1) hindiii-a fragment covering map units 0.429-0.456, which contained the hsv-1 homologues of the ul25, ul26 and ul26.5 genes. sequence overlap was verified with previously published bhv-1 sequences, resulting in contiguous sequence spanning from ul24 to ul27 (encoding glycoprotein b). we found that the ul25 open reading frame (orf) overlapped that of ul24 by 16 nucleotides, an unexpected ... | 1997 | 9140190 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein b does not productively interact with cell surface heparan sulfate in a pseudorabies virion background. | attachment to cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans is the first step in infection by several alphaherpesviruses. this interaction is primarily mediated by virion glycoprotein c (gc). in herpes simplex virus, in the absence of the nonessential gc, heparan sulfate binding is effected by glycoprotein b. in contrast, gc-negative pseudorabies virus (prv) infects target cells via a heparan sulfate-independent mechanism, indicating that prv virion gb does not productively interact with heparan su ... | 1997 | 9151882 |
| sequence analysis of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 genes homologous to the dna polymerase (ul30), the major dna-binding protein (ul29) and icp18.5 assembly protein (ul28) genes of herpes simplex virus. | the nucleotide sequence of a 10.5 kb region (map position 0.332 to 0.410) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) was determined. this region contained three open reading frames (orfs) homologous to herpes simplex virus dna polymerase catalytic subunit (dnapol, ul30), major dna-binding protein (mdbp, ul29) and icp18.5 assembly protein (icp18.5, ul28). the bhv-1 dnapol. mdbp and icp18.5 orfs were 1246, 1203 and 826 amino acids long with a calculated molecular mass of 134.2 kda, 124.4 kda and 86.9 kd ... | 1997 | 9155875 |
| necrotic oophoritis in gilts associated with experimental inoculation of a viral gene-deletion mutant pseudorabies vaccine. | previous work on the reproductive effects of various herpesviruses has demonstrated adverse effects on reproductive function in several host species. although herpesviral vaccines are used in several species to ameliorate the clinical effects of infection, pathogenicity for reproductive tissue, associated with diminished reproductive efficiency, has been reported to be retained in a live-attenuated vaccine strain of the herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-1. the objective of this study was to determ ... | 1997 | 9163875 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of dna from indian isolates of bovine herpesvirus 1. | the genomic variation of three isolates of bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) originating from different geographical regions and displaying different clinical symptoms were studied by restriction analysis using four different restriction endonucleases. ecori displayed an uniform restriction pattern for all the isolates and hindiii showed marginal variation among the isolates. bsteii and psti displayed unique restriction patterns, based on which the isolates could be grouped into two subgroups of bhv ... | 1996 | 9171462 |
| yeast-secreted bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein d has authentic conformational structure and immunogenicity. | bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein d (gd), an envelope glycoprotein, engenders mucosal and systemic immunity protecting cattle from viral infection. production of gd with authentic immunogenicity is required for a subunit vaccine. we placed the truncated bhv-1 gd gene, lacking its putative transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, under the control of the methanol-inducible aox1 promoter in the yeast pichia pastoris. truncated bhv-1 gd (tgd) was efficiently secreted into the culture medium a ... | 1997 | 9178470 |
| bovine herpesvirus 1-induced apoptosis occurs at the g0/g1 phase of the cell cycle. | we have previously shown that bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), even when inactivated, induces apoptotic cell death in mitogen-stimulated bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) (hanon et al., 1996, j. virol. 70, 4116-4120). in order to gain insight into this process, we have investigated the cell cycle phase at which bhv-1 induces apoptosis in pbmcs. our results show that the percentage of cells that progress through the s phase was always lower in bhv-1-infected pbmcs than in control cel ... | 1997 | 9191849 |
| identification and characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoproteins e and i. | to identify the products of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) ge and gi genes, we constructed baculovirus recombinants containing the putative ge or gi genes. these recombinant viruses synthesized bhv-1 ge and gi with apparent molecular masses of 84 and 41 kda, respectively. polyclonal antibodies against these recombinant ge or gi proteins were produced and by using these antibodies, we showed the presence of ge and gi with apparent molecular masses of 94 and 45 kda, respectively, in purified bhv ... | 1997 | 9191936 |
| infectious pustular vulvovaginitis/infectious pustular balanoposthitis in cattle. | | 1997 | 9194305 |
| interference activity of bovine herpes virus 1 strains against aujeszky's disease virus in cell cultures. | the interference-inducing activity of different low- and high-virulence strains of bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) against aujeszky's disease virus was studied by a parallel titration on permissive and non-permissive cell culture. the low-virulence bhv-1 strains possessed better interference-inducing activity than the high-virulence strains. an interference blocking test (ibt) was developed for the detection of bhv-1 antibodies in bovine sera. comparative results of ibt and the virus neutralisatio ... | 1997 | 9208203 |
| [interactions between bronchial epithelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins]. | attachment and migration of bronchial epithelial cells are important in re-epithelialization after tissue injury. we hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines alter bronchial epithelial cell attachment and migration. to test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of mononuclear-cell-conditioned medium on attachment and migration of bronchial epithelial cells in response to fibronectin in vitro. this medium was prepared from bovine blood mononuclear cells that were stimulated with concanavalin a; ... | 1996 | 9216202 |
| effect of shipping and chromium supplementation on performance, immune response, and disease resistance of steers. | forty-eight angus crossbred steers (263 +/- 2 kg initial bw) were blocked by weight and randomly assigned within weight group to treatment. treatments consisted of control or .4 mg of supplemental cr as cr-nicotinic acid complex/kg of dm. steers were fed diets containing 90% corn silage (dm basis) and 10% of a soybean meal-mineral-vitamin supplement. after 56 d on the dietary treatment, half of the steers in each treatment were transported 343 km and unloaded in an unfamiliar location. the next ... | 1997 | 9222855 |
| the ge and gi homologs from two alphaherpesviruses have conserved and divergent neuroinvasive properties. | the membrane glycoproteins ge and gi are encoded by pseudorabies virus (prv), a neurotropic, broad-host-range alphaherpesvirus of swine. prv ge and gi are required for anterograde spread to a restricted set of retinorecipient neurons in the brain after infection of the rat retina. a related alphaherpesvirus, encoding ge and gi homologs, is called bovine herpesvirus 1.1 (bhv-1.1). bhv-1.1 is a respiratory pathogen of highly restricted host range and, in contrast to prv, is unable to propagate in ... | 1997 | 9223471 |
| [seroprevalence of viral infections in llamas (lama glama) in the republic of argentina]. | this study reports the seroprevalence of bovine viral infections in llamas (lama glama) in argentina. this is the first study made in the country including 390 llamas and testing antibodies against eight viruses. samples were collected from nine farms distributed in three different provinces: buenos aires, córdoba and jujuy. the samples were tested for antibodies against eight viruses known to infect cattle: bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine adenovirus ... | 1997 | 9229724 |
| sheep do not have a major role in bovine herpesvirus 1 transmission. | with regard to bhv1 eradication programs in cattle it is important to know whether sheep can be a reservoir of bhv1. we therefore performed an experiment that consisted of three phases. in phase 1, 10 sheep were inoculated with high doses of bhv1 and kept in close contact with 5 sheep and 5 calves. all inoculated sheep excreted bhv1 between 8 and 15 days post inoculation and seroconverted. although bhv1 was isolated from the nasal mucosa of 3 out of 5 sentinel sheep, none of the sentinel sheep p ... | 1997 | 9231980 |
| herpesviral abortion in domestic animals. | abortion or neonatal disease may follow infection with several alpha, beta and gamma-herpesviruses. the alpha-herpesvirus, equid herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), causes single or epizootic abortions or neonatal deaths in equids, and the closely related virus ehv-4 causes sporadic equine abortions. in cattle, the alpha-herpesviruses, bovine herpesvirus-1 (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) and bovine herpesvirus-5 (bovine encephalitis virus), and a gamma-herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus-4, have all be ... | 1997 | 9232116 |
| the efficacy of trypsin for disinfection of in vitro fertilized bovine embryos exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1. | bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (coc) or in vitro fertilized (ivf) embryos were exposed to bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) during in vitro maturation or co-culture with uterine tubal cells, respectively. trypsin, at a concentration of 0.25%, was applied (for approximately 90 s) to disinfect either coc or cumulus-free oocytes (cfo) 18 h after insemination, or on day 7 to embryos resulting from infected oocytes. in total, virus was not detected in 71% of 93 samples containing 233 embryos exposed to b ... | 1997 | 9233501 |
| assessing infections at multiple levels of aggregation. | the patterns of sero-prevalence of antibodies to four infectious diseases, representing a broad range of pathogens (bacteria: brucellosis; mycoplasma: contagious bovine pleuropneumonia; viruses: infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; protozoa: trypanosomosis) were investigated at three levels of organization (farm, area and district). three contrasting districts in kenya were compared: an arid and pastoral area (samburu); a tropical highland area (kiambu), and a tropical coastal area (kilifi). cattl ... | 1997 | 9234402 |
| polynucleotide vaccines in animals: enhancing and modulating responses. | we immunized cattle, the natural host for bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), with a polynucleotide vaccine encoding bhv-1 glycoprotein d. these cattle trials clearly indicate that large species can be immunized with polynucleotide vaccines. recently, using a murine model, we demonstrated that: the cellular compartment to which the expressed antigen is delivered determines the type of immune response (type 1 or type 2), and that the magnitude and direction of the immune response can be modulated by co ... | 1997 | 9234534 |
| analysis of bovine herpesvirus 1 transcripts during a primary infection of trigeminal ganglia of cattle. | during an infection of nonneuronal cells, bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) gene expression proceeds in a well-defined cascade. products of immediate-early (ie) genes are expressed first, and they activate expression of early (e) and late (l) genes. although the same cascade is assumed to occur during an infection of neurons in trigeminal ganglia (tg) of cattle, no experimental data is available to support this hypothesis. consequently, we analyzed bhv-1 gene expression in bovine tg at 1, 2, 4, 7, an ... | 1997 | 9261403 |
| study of immunogenicity and virulence of bovine herpesvirus 1 mutants deficient in the ul49 homolog, ul49.5 homolog and dutpase genes in cattle. | we previously reported that the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1) gene homologous to herpes simplex virus gene ul49 is dispensable; nevertheless, a mutant with the ul49 homolog (ul49 h) gene deletion exhibited significantly impaired growth in cell culture. to further evaluate the role of the ul49 h in virus infectivity in the natural host of bhv 1, the pathogenesis of the ul49 h negative mutant was studied in cattle. an additional mutant with a combined defect in ul49 h, ul49.5 h and dutpase genes wa ... | 1997 | 9269047 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against glycoprotein ge of bovine herpesvirus 1 allows differentiation between infected and vaccinated cattle. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detecting antibodies against glycoprotein ge (ge) of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1). the assay is based on the use of two monoclonal antibodies directed against different antigenic domains on ge. sera from uninfected cattle and cattle that had been repeatedly vaccinated with ge-negative marker vaccines scored negative, whereas sera from cattle naturally or experimentally infected with bhv1 field strains scored positive in the ge ... | 1997 | 9274815 |
| bovine herpesvirus-1 infects activated cd4+ lymphocytes. | acute virus infections can induce immune deficiencies, as shown by immunosuppression to a variety of antigens and mitogens. previously we observed that live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) induced considerable lymphocyte death in culture, suggesting that the virus infected one or more cell populations. our goal was to identify the cells infected by bhv-1 and the mechanism resulting in cell death. cona activated cells were cultured with bhv-1 and stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for virus ... | 1997 | 9292002 |
| [serological investigations in the diagnosis of viral infections derived from cattle in sheep]. | in the coast region of the north-west of germany 269 arbitrary chosen blood samples of 22 flocks of sheep were tested for the existence of bhv-1, bvd and pi-3 antibodies. the livestock of 13 farms with 163 sheep consistent of sheep and bovine, 9 herds with 106 sheep kept sheep only. the results show that bhv-1 antibodies were not present in the sampled sheep. contrary to this are the results for bvd and pi-3. the blood tests for bvd antibodies were positive in 6.7% of the samples. this result in ... | 1997 | 9324461 |
| disease risks to animal health from artificial insemination with bovine semen. | two of the major goals of artificial insemination of domesticated animals are to achieve continuous genetic improvement and to prevent or eliminate venereal disease. in comparison with natural service, fewer males are needed to artificially inseminate the same number of females and to produce the same number of offspring. however, there are risks associated with artificial insemination, which has the potential to disseminate genetic defects and also to spread infectious disease nationally and in ... | 1997 | 9329119 |
| inactivated bovine herpesvirus 1 marker vaccines are more efficacious in reducing virus excretion after reactivation than a live marker vaccine. | a comparative study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of three bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) marker vaccines to reduce the reexcretion of virus after reactivation of latent bhv1. a live ge-negative vaccine, an inactivated ge-negative vaccine and an experimental gd-subunit vaccine were tested in three identical experiments in which cattle, latently infected with bhv1, were vaccinated twice before they were treated with high doses of dexamethasone. virus excretion after dexamethasone treatmen ... | 1997 | 9330461 |
| antiviral activity of an extract from leaves of the tropical plant acanthospermum hispidum. | incubation of the alphaherpesviruses pseudorabiesvirus (prv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 during infection of cell cultures with an extract prepared from the leaves of acanthospermum hispidum impaired productive replication of these viruses in a concentration-dependent manner whereas propagation of classical swine fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and vaccinia virus was not affected. the 50% inhibitory concentration for cell growth (ic50) was 107 +/- 5 microliters/ml, and the concentration r ... | 1997 | 9330761 |
| functional complementation of ul3.5-negative pseudorabies virus by the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul3.5 homolog. | the ul3.5 gene is positionally conserved but highly variable in size and sequence in different members of the alphaherpesvirinae and is absent from herpes simplex virus genomes. we have shown previously that the pseudorabies virus (prv) ul3.5 gene encodes a nonstructural protein which is required for secondary envelopment of intracytoplasmic virus particles in the trans-golgi region. in the absence of ul3.5 protein, naked nucleocapsids accumulate in the cytoplasm, release of infectious virions i ... | 1997 | 9343253 |
| induction of procoagulant activity in virus infected bovine alveolar macrophages and the effect of lipopolysaccharide. | three viruses known to be associated with the bovine respiratory disease complex were evaluated in vitro for potential impact upon the procoagulant activity (pca) of bovine alveolar macrophages (bam). cultures of bam were inoculated with bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (cpbvdv), non-cytopathic bvdv (ncpbvdv), or bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1) and incubated for several time periods (24, 48, 72, 96 h). bam were then exposed to e. coli lipopolysa ... | 1997 | 9343337 |
| effect of bovine herpes virus-1, bluetongue virus and akabane virus on the in vitro development of bovine embryos. | bovine oocytes enclosed by follicular epithelial (fe) cells were exposed to bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), bluetongue virus (btv) and akabane virus (av), matured in culture for 24 h and then in vitro fertilized. in the bhv-1-exposed group, bhv-1 was isolated from medium 3 days after in vitro fertilization at a high titer, and a severe cytopathic effect was observed in the fe cells. oocytes in the bhv-1-exposed group developed to the 2-cell to 8-cell stage, but failed to develop into blastocysts. ... | 1997 | 9355248 |
| effect of il-4 and il-12 liposomal formulations on the induction of immune response to bovine herpesvirus type-1 glycoprotein d. | activation of different t-helper (th) responses following immunisation has profound and specific influences on the development of the immune response and on the ability of a vaccine to confer protection. since cytokines are capable of influencing the stimulation of distinct t-cell responses, their encapsulation in vaccines should modulate antigen-specific immune responses. unfortunately, the use of cytokines in vivo is hampered by their rapid clearance and inactivation. one possible solution to ... | 1997 | 9364679 |
| mucosal immunization with recombinant adenoviruses: induction of immunity and protection of cotton rats against respiratory bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection. | to facilitate the evaluation of vaccines against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1), a cotton rat model of intranasal (i.n.) bhv-1 infection was established. cotton rat lung cells were similar to bovine cells in their ability to support bhv-1 replication in vitro. furthermore, i.n. inoculation of cotton rats with bhv-1 resulted in pulmonary lesions comparable to bhv-1 infection in cattle. using this model, the potential of i.n. and gastrointestinal (g.i.) immunization was examined with recombinan ... | 1997 | 9367381 |
| a molecular genetic approach to improved animal health. the effect of interferon genotype on the severity of experimental bovine herpesvirus-1 infection. | in the past decade, biotechnology has brought veterinary medicine an increased understanding of the effects of genetic background on disease resistance and production traits. specific point mutations have been identified for a number of genetic diseases and genetic testing; selective breeding programs can eliminate these diseases from the population. complex traits such as disease resistance and production traits are thought to be under the control of multiple genes, making their manipulation mo ... | 1997 | 9368986 |
| infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, and respiratory coronavirus. | a number of viruses have been proven to be primary respiratory pathogens of cattle. viruses may play an important role in making cattle susceptible to secondary respiratory bacterial pathogens. epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and important properties in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), parainfluenza-3 (pi-3), and bovine respiratory coronavirus (brcv) are described in this article. | 1997 | 9368989 |
| specific detection of shedding and latency of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a nested polymerase chain reaction. | a sensitive method for simultaneously detecting and discriminating between bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5 (bhv-1 and bhv-5) was developed using a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. following amplification using type-common primers derived from gc sequences, amplification using type-specific nesting primers produced different-sized bands specific to the corresponding types, as demonstrated by blot hybridization. less than 0.1 plaque-forming units (pfu) of each virus and 75 fg o ... | 1997 | 9376428 |
| identification of dna sequences in the latency related promoter of bovine herpes virus type 1 which are bound by neuronal specific factors. | bovine herpes virus 1 establishes a latent infection in sensory ganglionic neurons of cattle. during a latent infection latency related (lr) transcripts are the only detectable viral rnas. dna sequences in the lr promoter are positively regulated by neural factors. the 5' terminus of lr rna in productively infected bovine cells is 20-30 nucleotides downstream from two overlapping tata like elements. in contrast, the major start sites of lr transcription in trigeminal ganglia of latently infected ... | 1997 | 9381799 |
| serological evidence of bovine herpesviruses 1 and 2 in asian elephants. | antibodies were detected against bovine herpesviruses 1 (bhv 1) and 2 (bhv 2) in asian elephants (elephas maximus) using the passive hemagglutination (pha) test. the study was conducted during may to december 1994 using sera collected from zoological gardens and national parks in india. four (4%) of 109 elephant sera had pha titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:32 against bhv 1. twenty-five (23%) of the 109 elephant sera had pha titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:64 against bhv 2. asian elephants appear to be ... | 1997 | 9391986 |
| immunization of cattle with a bhv1 vector vaccine or a dna vaccine both coding for the g protein of brsv. | a ge-negative bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) vector vaccine carrying a gene coding for the g protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) (bhv1/brsv-g) induced the same high degree of protection in calves against brsv infection and bhv1 infection as a multivalent commercial vaccine. a dna plasmid vaccine, carrying the same gene as the bhv1/brsv-g vaccine, significantly reduced brsv shedding after brsv infection compared with that in control calves, but less well than the bhv1/brsv-g vaccine ... | 1997 | 9413101 |
| sequencing of a 5.5-kb dna fragment and identification of a gene coding for a subunit of the helicase/primase complex of avian laryngotracheitis virus (iltv). | the nucleotide sequence of a 5,520-bp ecori restriction fragment of avian infectious laryngotracheitis (iltv) dna was reported and submitted to genebank with an accession number of af001078. computer prediction revealed one large potential open reading frame (orf) with sequence similar to one subunit of the dna helicase-primase complex of alpha-herpesviruses. the dna helicase/primase complex of hsv-1 consists of three sub-units with molecular weights of 12,000, 97,000 and 70,000, encoded by gene ... | 1997 | 9421876 |
| a comparison of different models for assessing variations in the sero-prevalence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis by farm, area and district in kenya. | the relative variability of the sero-prevalence of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) due to cow, farm, and agroecological area levels were investigated for three contrasting districts in kenya: samburu, an arid and pastoral area; kiambu, a tropical highland area; and kilifi, a typical tropical coastal area. cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and visited once between august 1991 and 1992. data on animal, farm, and area factors were analyzed using schall's algor ... | 1997 | 9443329 |
| the bovine herpesvirus type 1 ul3.5 open reading frame encodes a virion structural protein. | the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) open reading frame (orf) ul3.5 is similar to orfs found in pseudorabies virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, equine herpesvirus type 1, and varicella zoster virus, but clearly absent from herpes simplex virus. the published sequence for this orf predicts a 126-amino-acid (13.2 kda) protein product with an isoelectric point of 12.3. we confirmed the ul3.5 sequence, expressed the orf as a glutathione-s-transferase fusion protein, and made rabbit antibodi ... | 1998 | 9448691 |
| fine mapping of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) glycoprotein c neutralizing epitopes by type-specific monoclonal antibodies and synthetic peptides. | bovine herpesvirus glycoprotein c (gc) functions as a major virus attachment protein. here, two bhv-1 gc-specific epitopes that are specified by complement-dependent neutralizing mabs are mapped. the bhv-1 gc-specific peptides and mabs were used to specifically localize continuous epitopes by direct binding to the mabs and by blocking the mab reactivity (competitive elisa) to authentic viral antigen. the results of competitive elisa indicated that the complement-dependent neutralizing epitopes r ... | 1997 | 9453139 |
| characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul8 gene and gene products. | the bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strain schönböken ul8 gene and the 5' flanking region were sequenced. comparison of the ul8 orf with the previously reported ul8 orf of bhv-1 strain cooper revealed significant differences that were mainly due to three frame-shifted segments. reanalysis of the cooper sequence after isolation of the respective segments from genomic dna by pcr did not confirm the discrepancies; on the contrary, our results indicate a high degree of sequence conservation between the ... | 1998 | 9460934 |
| detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein e antibodies in individual milk samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether individual milk samples can replace serum samples for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) glycoprotein e (ge)-specific antibodies. serum and milk samples were collected at the same time from cattle in bhv1-free herds, cattle in unvaccinated herds, and cattle in herds that were vaccinated twice with a bhv1 marker vaccine. the samples were tested in two ge enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) systems. in comparison to serum, the resu ... | 1998 | 9466750 |
| the humoral immune response in cattle after immunization with a multivalent ibr/pi3/pasteurella haemolytica a1 leukotoxin vaccine. | a multivalent vaccine consisting of inactivated bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1), also known as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr), para-influenza type-3 virus (pi3) and the leukotoxin of pasteurella haemolytica a1, were combined with the addition of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant, and administered to post-weaned calves, and the serum tested for seroconversion to each antigen. two groups of calves (n = 150 and n = 68) were used and were randomly divided into three subgroups. the first g ... | 1997 | 9467176 |
| a serological survey of bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in selected dairy herds in northern and central italy. | serum samples from a total of 6979 dairy cattle from 55 herds in northern italy (51 herds) and central italy (4 herds), were examined by the serum neutralization test for the presence of antibody to bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). it was found that 84.31% of the farms selected in northern italy and all the farms from central italy had seropositive animals at titers of 1:4 or higher. the prevalence of infection was essentially the same among the cattle populations of the two selected areas of the c ... | 1997 | 9481516 |
| tumor necrosis factor beta is a major source of antibody-activated effector cells in the killing of virally infected target cells. | we have extended our previous work on cross-linking cd4 molecules using specific monoclonal-antibody-induced antigen-nonspecific major-histocompatibility-complex unrestricted killing by cd4+ t cells of virally infected target cells. the killing activity of antibody-activated cd4+ t cells was completely blocked by herbimycin a, a protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) inhibitor, but not by bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase c inhibitor. herbimycin-a-treated human or bovine peripheral blood cd4+ t cells ... | 1997 | 9491850 |
| pseudorabies virus glycoprotein gk is a virion structural component involved in virus release but is not required for entry. | the pseudorabies virus (prv) gene homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ul53, which encodes hsv-1 glycoprotein k (gk), has recently been sequenced (j. baumeister, b. g. klupp, and t. c. mettenleiter, j. virol. 69:5560-5567, 1995). to identify the corresponding protein, a rabbit antiserum was raised against a 40-kda glutathione s-transferase-gk fusion protein expressed in escherichia coli. in western blot analysis, this serum detected a 32-kda polypeptide in prv-infected cell lysates ... | 1998 | 9499048 |
| neuropathology of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) meningo-encephalitis in a rabbit seizure model. | the suitability of a rabbit seizure model for studying the neuropathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus type 5 (bhv-5) encephalitis was evaluated. intranasal administration of bhv-5 (strain tx89) together with intramuscular administration of dexamethasone produced seizures in 70% of rabbits tested and meningo-encephalitis in 100%. infectious bhv-5 was consistently isolated from the following sites: olfactory bulb; anterior cortex, containing the frontal cortex, olfactory tract and anterior portion of ... | 1997 | 9502267 |
| health evaluation of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) using blood chemistry and serology. | as part of ongoing ecological studies of black-faced impala (aepyceros melampus petersi) in northern namibia, blood samples were collected and analyzed from 26 animals captured for translocation in 1992. all animals appeared to be in good condition and no abnormality was noted during physical examination. serum chemistry and mineral levels were measured and correlated with the results of bacterial and viral serology and were within the normal ranges for domestic ruminants. antibody titers for in ... | 1997 | 9523628 |