| the impact of the c-terminal domain on the interaction of human dna topoisomerase ii a and ß with dna. | type ii dna topoisomerases are essential, ubiquitous enzymes that act to relieve topological problems arising in dna from normal cellular activity. their mechanism of action involves the atp-dependent transport of one dna duplex through a transient break in a second dna duplex; metal ions are essential for strand passage. humans have two isoforms, topoisomerase iia and topoisomerase iiß, that have distinct roles in the cell. the c-terminal domain has been linked to isoform specific differences i ... | 2011 | 21358820 |
| blastomycosis presenting as multiple splenic abscesses: case report and review of the literature. | a 31-year-old canadian aboriginal man from northwestern ontario presented with left upper quadrant pain and a tender left upper quadrant mass. evaluation with a computed tomography scan showed multiple lesions within the spleen, a collection between the splenic tip and splenic flexure of the colon, and several small adrenal lesions. computed tomographic-guided needle biopsy showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and multinucleated giant cells. gomori's methenamine silver stain showed broa ... | 2010 | 21358886 |
| a combinatorial genetic library approach to target heterologous glycosylation enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum or the golgi apparatus of pichia pastoris. | to humanize the glycosylation pathway in the yeast pichia pastoris, we developed several combinatorial genetic libraries and used them to properly localize active eukaryotic mannosidases and sugar transferases. here we report the details of the fusion of up to 66 n-terminal targeting sequences of fungal type ii membrane proteins to 33 catalytic domains of heterologous glycosylation enzymes. we show that while it is difficult to predict which leader/catalytic domain will result in the desired act ... | 2011 | 21360735 |
| many ways to build an actin filament. | cells rely on extensive networks of protein fibres to help maintain their proper form and function. for species ranging from bacteria to humans, this 'cytoskeleton' is integrally involved in diverse processes including movement, dna segregation, cell division and transport of molecular cargoes. the most abundant cytoskeletal filament-forming protein, f-actin, is remarkably well conserved across eukaryotic species. from yeast to human - an evolutionary distance of over one billion years - only ab ... | 2011 | 21362063 |
| vital function of preli and essential requirement of its lea motif. | proteins containing the late embryogenesis abundant (lea) motif comprise a conserved family, postulated to act as cell protectors. however, their function and mechanisms of action remain unclear. here we show that preli, a mammalian lea-containing homolog of yeast ups1p, can associate with dynamin-like gtpase optic atrophy-1 (opa1) and contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial morphology. accordingly, preli can uphold mitochondrial membrane potential (δψ(m)) and enhance respiratory chain (r ... | 2010 | 21364629 |
| structure of the c-terminal domain of saccharomyces cerevisiae nup133, a component of the nuclear pore complex. | | 2011 | 21365675 |
| connectedness of ppi network neighborhoods identifies regulatory hub proteins. | with the growing availability of high-throughput protein-protein interaction (ppi) data, it has become possible to consider how a protein's local or global network characteristics predict its function. | 2011 | 21367871 |
| caenorhabditis elegans aristaless/arx gene alr-1 restricts variable gene expression. | variable expressivity of mutant phenotypes in genetically identical individuals is a phenomenon widely reported but poorly understood. for example, mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor alr-1 in caenorhabditis elegans result in variable touch receptor neuron (trn) function. using single-molecule in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that this phenotypic variability reflects enhanced variability in the expression of the selector gene mec-3, which is needed, together with unc-86, ... | 2011 | 21368126 |
| redox regulation of the tumor suppressor pten by glutaredoxin 5 and ycp4. | human pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphatase) expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae was oxidized in a time- and h(2)o(2)-concentration-dependent manner. oxidized hpten was reduced by cellular reductants as in human cells. the reduction rate of oxidized hpten was monitored in s. cerevisiae mutants in which the genes involved in redox homeostasis had been disrupted. reduction of hpten was delayed in each of s. cerevisiae grx5? and ycp4? ... | 2011 | 21371429 |
| endosomal targeting of the phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase mtmr2 is regulated by an n-terminal phosphorylation site. | mtmr2 is a member of the myotubularin family of inositol lipid phosphatases, a large protein-tyrosine phosphatase subgroup that is conserved from yeast to humans. furthermore, the peripheral neuromuscular disease charcot-marie tooth disease type 4b has been attributed to mutations in the mtmr2 gene. because the molecular mechanisms regulating mtmr2 have been poorly defined, we investigated whether reversible phosphorylation might regulate mtmr2 function. we used mass spectrometry-based methods t ... | 2011 | 21372139 |
| mpk1 mapk association with the paf1 complex blocks sen1-mediated premature transcription termination. | the mpk1 mapk of the yeast cell wall integrity pathway uses a noncatalytic mechanism to activate transcription of stress-induced genes by recruitment of initiation factors to target promoters. we show here that mpk1 additionally serves a function in transcription elongation that is also independent of its catalytic activity. this function is mediated by an interaction between mpk1 and the paf1 subunit of the paf1c elongation complex. a mutation in paf1 that blocks this interaction causes a speci ... | 2011 | 21376235 |
| proteome-derived peptide libraries allow detailed analysis of the substrate specificities of n(alpha)-acetyltransferases and point to hnaa10p as the post-translational actin n(alpha)-acetyltransferase. | the impact of n(+¦)-terminal acetylation on protein stability and protein function in general recently acquired renewed and increasing attention. although the substrate specificity profile of the conserved enzymes responsible for n(+¦)-terminal acetylation in yeast has been well documented, the lack of higher eukaryotic models has hampered the specificity profile determination of n(+¦)-acetyltransferases (nats) of higher eukaryotes. the fact that several types of protein n termini are acetylated ... | 2011 | 21383206 |
| aid induces double-strand breaks at immunoglobulin switch regions and c-myc causing chromosomal translocations in yeast tho mutants. | transcription of the switch (s) regions of immunoglobulin genes in b cells generates stable r-loops that are targeted by activation induced cytidine deaminase (aid), triggering class switch recombination (csr), as well as translocations with c-myc responsible for burkitt's lymphomas. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, stable r-loops are formed co-transcriptionally in mutants of tho, a conserved nuclear complex involved in mrnp biogenesis. such r-loops trigger genome instability and facilitate deaminat ... | 2011 | 21383964 |
| proteasome activator 200: the heat is on... | proteasomes play a key regulatory role in all eukaryotic cells by removing proteins in a timely manner. there are two predominant forms: the 20s core particle (cp) can hydrolyze peptides and certain unstructured proteins, and the 26s holoenzyme is able to proteolyse most proteins conjugated to ubiquitin. the 26s complex consists of a cp barrel with a 19s regulatory particle (rp; a.k.a pa700) attached to its outer surface. several studies purified another proteasome activator with a mw of 200 kda ... | 2011 | 21389348 |
| shprh and hltf act in a damage-specific manner to coordinate different forms of postreplication repair and prevent mutagenesis. | postreplication repair (prr) pathways play important roles in restarting stalled replication forks and regulating mutagenesis. in yeast, rad5-mediated damage avoidance and rad18-mediated translesion synthesis (tls) are two forms of prr. two rad5-related proteins, shprh and hltf, have been identified in mammalian cells, but their specific roles in prr are unclear. here, we show that hltf and shprh suppress mutagenesis in a damage-specific manner, preventing mutations induced by uv and mms, respec ... | 2011 | 21396873 |
| notch- and transducin-like enhancer of split (tle)-dependent histone deacetylation explain interleukin 12 (il-12) p70 inhibition by zymosan. | the fungal analog zymosan induces il-23 and low amounts of il-12 p70. this study addresses the molecular mechanisms underlying this cytokine pattern in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. the transcriptional regulation of il23a, one of the chains of il-23, depended on the activation of c-rel and histone h3 phosphorylation, as judged from the association of c-rel with the il23a promoter and the correlation between il-23 production and ser-10-histone h3 phosphorylation. consistent with its red ... | 2011 | 21402701 |
| [os-9 and xtp3-b: lectins that regulate endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (erad)]. | | 2011 | 21404621 |
| phosphate sensing. | human phosphate homeostasis is regulated at the level of intestinal absorption of phosphate from the diet, release of phosphate through bone resorption, and renal phosphate excretion, and involves the actions of parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin d, and fibroblast growth factor 23 to maintain circulating phosphate levels within a narrow normal range, which is essential for numerous cellular functions, for the growth of tissues and for bone mineralization. prokaryotic and single cellular ... | 2011 | 21406298 |
| fez2 has acquired additional protein interaction partners relative to fez1: functional and evolutionary implications. | the fez (fasciculation and elongation protein zeta) family designation was purposed by bloom and horvitz by genetic analysis of c. elegans unc-76. similar human sequences were identified in the expressed sequence tag database as fez1 and fez2. the unc-76 function is necessary for normal axon fasciculation and is required for axon-axon interactions. indeed, the loss of unc-76 function results in defects in axonal transport. the human fez1 protein has been shown to rescue defects caused by unc-76 ... | 2011 | 21408165 |
| novel applications for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in pharmaceutical and industrial biotechnology. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored proteins have been regarded as typical cell surface proteins found in most eukaryotic cells from yeast to man. they are embedded in the outer plasma membrane leaflet via a carboxy-terminally linked complex glycolipid gpi structure. the amphiphilic nature of the gpi anchor, its compatibility with the function of the attached protein moiety and the capability of gpi-anchored proteins for spontaneous insertion into and transfer between artificial and cell ... | 2011 | 21413835 |
| the type ii poly(a)-binding protein pabp-2 genetically interacts with the let-7 mirna and elicits heterochronic phenotypes in caenorhabditis elegans. | the type ii poly(a)-binding protein pabp2/pabpn1 functions in general mrna metabolism by promoting poly(a) tail formation in mammals and flies. it also participates in poly(a) tail shortening of specific mrnas in flies, and snorna biogenesis in yeast. we have identified caenorhabditis elegans pabp-2 as a genetic interaction partner of the let-7 mirna, a widely conserved regulator of animal stem cell fates. depletion of pabp-2 by rnai suppresses loss of let-7 activity, and, in let-7 wild-type ani ... | 2011 | 21415013 |
| i-ruby: a novel software for quantitative analysis of highly accurate shotgun-proteomics liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry data obtained without stable-isotope labeling of proteins. | we developed a novel software named i-ruby (identification-related quantification-based strategy algorithm for liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (lc/ms/ms) data) that enables us to perform fully automatic ion current-based spectral feature analysis of highly accurate data obtained by lc/ms/ms. at the 1st step, this software utilizes accurate peptide/protein identification information for peak detection and peak matching among measurements. then, at the 2nd step, it picks yet unident ... | 2011 | 21416533 |
| beta-glucan from saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces plasma lipid peroxidation induced by haloperidol. | since oxidative stress observed in schizophrenia may be caused partially by the treatment of patients with various antipsychotics, the aim of the study was to establish the effects of beta-d-glucan, polysaccharide derived from the yeast cell walls of species such as saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the antipsychotics (the first generation antipsychotic (fga) - haloperidol and the second generation antipsychotic (sga) - amisulpride) action on plasma lipid peroxidation in vitro. lipid peroxidation in ... | 2011 | 21421004 |
| host cell targets of tegument protein vp22 of herpes simplex virus 1. | in the present study, seven novel host cell factors associated with vp22 were identified from the human leukocyte cdna library using a yeast two-hybrid high-throughput screening system. to confirm some of the interactions, vp22 and its homologues and two candidate targets were tagged with enhanced cyan or yellow fluorescent protein. while ring finger protein 10 (rnf10), wd repeat-containing protein 42a (wdr42a) or vp22 alone showed distinct subcellular localization patterns, rnf10 and wdr42a wer ... | 2011 | 21424732 |
| wwp2 is essential for palatogenesis mediated by the interaction between sox9 and mediator subunit 25. | sox9 is a direct transcriptional activator of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix genes and has essential roles in chondrogenesis. mutations in or around the sox9 gene cause campomelic dysplasia or pierre robin sequence. however, sox9-dependent transcriptional control in chondrogenesis remains largely unknown. here we identify wwp2 as a direct target of sox9. wwp2 interacts physically with sox9 and is associated with sox9 transcriptional activity via its nuclear translocation. a yeast two-hy ... | 2011 | 21427722 |
| a brief history of tor. | the tor (target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinases are fascinating in that they influence many different aspects of eukaryote physiology including processes often dysregulated in disease. beginning with the initial characterization of rapamycin as an antifungal agent, studies with yeast have contributed greatly to our understanding of the molecular pathways in which tors operate. recently, building on advances in quantitative ms, the rapamycin-dependent phosphoproteome in the budding yeast s ... | 2011 | 21428915 |
| a longer and healthier life with tor down-regulation: genetics and drugs. | genetic down-regulation of a major nutrient-sensing pathway, tor (target of rapamycin) signalling, can improve health and extend lifespan in evolutionarily distant organisms such as yeast and mammals. recently, it has been demonstrated that treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of the tor pathway, rapamycin, can replicate those findings and improve aging in a variety of model organisms. the proposed underlying anti-aging mechanisms are down-regulated translation, increased autophagy, altere ... | 2011 | 21428920 |
| non-diamond blackfan anemia disorders of ribosome function: shwachman diamond syndrome and 5q- syndrome. | a number of human disorders, dubbed ribosomopathies, are linked to impaired ribosome biogenesis or function. these include but are not limited to diamond blackfan anemia (dba), shwachman diamond syndrome (sds), and the 5q- myelodysplastic syndrome (mds). this review focuses on the latter two non-dba disorders of ribosome function. both sds and 5q- syndrome lead to impaired hematopoiesis and a predisposition to leukemia. sds, due to bi-allelic mutations of the sbds gene, is a multi-system disorde ... | 2011 | 21435510 |
| cooperative nuclear localization sequences lend a novel role to the n-terminal region of msh6. | human mismatch repair proteins msh2-msh6 play an essential role in maintaining genetic stability and preventing disease. while protein functions have been extensively studied, the substantial amino-terminal region (ntr*) of msh6 that is unique to eukaryotic proteins, has mostly evaded functional characterization. we demonstrate that a cluster of three nuclear localization signals (nls) in the ntr direct nuclear import. individual nlss are capable of partially directing cytoplasmic protein into t ... | 2011 | 21437237 |
| expression of human c-reactive protein in different systems and its purification from leishmania tarentolae. | with its homo-pentameric structure and calcium-dependent specificity for phosphocholine (pch), human c-reactive protein (crp) is produced by the liver and secreted in elevated quantities in response to inflammation. crp is widely accepted as a cardiac marker, e.g. in point-of-care diagnostics, however, its heterologous expression has proven difficult. here, we demonstrate the expression of crp in different escherichia coli strains as well as by in vitro transcription/translation. although expres ... | 2011 | 21440634 |
| evolution, structure and function of mitochondrial carriers: a review with new insights. | the mitochondrial carriers (mc) constitute a large family (mcf) of inner membrane transporters displaying different substrate specificities, patterns of gene expression and even non-mitochondrial organelle localization. in arabidopsis thaliana 58 genes encode these six trans-membrane domain proteins. the number in other sequenced plant genomes varies from 37 to 125, thus being larger than that of saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparable with that of homo sapiens. in addition to displaying highly ... | 2011 | 21443630 |
| nucleosomal h2b ubiquitylation with purified factors. | diverse histone modifications play important roles in transcriptional regulation throughout eukaryotes, and recent studies have implicated histone h2b ubiquitylation in active transcription. the necessity of at least three enzymes (e1-e3), as well as ongoing transcription events, for efficient h2b ubiquitylation complicates mechanistic studies of h2b ubiquitylation relative to other histone modifications. here we describe experimental protocols for preparation of human h2b ubiquitylation factors ... | 2011 | 21443952 |
| complex principal component and correlation structure of 16 yeast genomic variables. | a quickly growing number of characteristics reflecting various aspects of gene function and evolution can be either measured experimentally or computed from dna and protein sequences. the study of pairwise correlations between such quantitative genomic variables as well as collective analysis of their interrelations by multidimensional methods have delivered crucial insights into the processes of molecular evolution. here, we present a principal component analysis (pca) of 16 genomic variables f ... | 2011 | 21444651 |
| human antimicrobial peptide ll-37 inhibits adhesion of candida albicans by interacting with yeast cell-wall carbohydrates. | candida albicans is the major fungal pathogen of humans. fungal adhesion to host cells is the first step of mucosal infiltration. antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the initial mucosal defense against c. albicans infection. ll-37 is the only member of the human cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides and is commonly expressed in various tissues and cells, including epithelial cells of both the oral cavity and urogenital tract. we found that, at sufficiently low concentrations t ... | 2011 | 21448240 |
| the influence of selenium-enriched milk proteins and selenium yeast on plasma selenium levels and rectal selenoprotein gene expression in human subjects. | certain forms of dietary se may have advantages for improving human se status and regulating the risk for disease, such as cancers, including colorectal cancer (crc). the present study compared the effects of a se-enriched milk protein (dairy-se) with a se-rich yeast (yeast-se) on plasma se levels and rectal selenoprotein gene expression since we reasoned that if these genes were not regulated, there was little potential for regulating the risk for crc in this organ. a total of twenty-three heal ... | 2011 | 21450115 |
| the cellular factors vps18 and mon2 are required for efficient production of infectious hiv-1 particles. | like all viruses, hiv-1 requires cellular host factors for replication. the mechanisms for production of progeny virions involving these host factors, however, are not fully understood. to better understand these mechanisms, we used a yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) genetic screen to identify mutant strains in which hiv-1 gag targeting to the plasma membrane was aberrant. of the 917 mutants identified, we selected 14 mutants whose missing genes had single orthologous counterparts in human and t ... | 2011 | 21450827 |
| pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with aura virus envelope glycoproteins for dc-sign-mediated transduction of dendritic cells. | abstract lentiviral vectors (lvs) pseudotyped with envelope proteins of alphaviruses have recently attracted considerable interest for their potential as gene delivery tools. we report the production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-derived lvs pseudotyped with envelope glycoproteins derived from the aura virus (aura). we found that the aura-glycoprotein-pseudotyped lvs use c-type lectins (dc-sign and l-sign) as attachment factors. these interactions with dc-sign are specific as de ... | 2011 | 21452926 |
| vital roles of the second dna-binding site of rad52 protein in yeast homologous recombination. | reca/rad51 proteins are essential in homologous dna recombination and catalyze the atp-dependent formation of d-loops from a single-stranded dna and an internal homologous sequence in a double-stranded dna. reca and rad51 require a "recombination mediator" to overcome the interference imposed by the prior binding of single-stranded binding protein/replication protein a to the single-stranded dna. rad52 is the prototype of recombination mediators, and the human rad52 protein has two distinct dna- ... | 2011 | 21454474 |
| a role for zo-1 and plekha7 in recruiting paracingulin to tight and adherens junctions of epithelial cells. | paracingulin is a 160-kda protein localized in the cytoplasmic region of epithelial tight and adherens junctions, where it regulates rhoa and rac1 activities by interacting with guanine nucleotide exchange factors. here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms that control the recruitment of paracingulin to cell-cell junctions. we show that paracingulin forms a complex with the tight junction protein zo-1, and the globular head domain of paracingulin interacts directly with zo-1 through an n-ter ... | 2011 | 21454477 |
| the e3 ubiquitin ligase- and protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a)-binding domains of the alpha4 protein are both required for alpha4 to inhibit pp2a degradation. | protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) is regulated through a variety of mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and association with regulatory proteins. alpha4 is one such regulatory protein that binds the pp2a catalytic subunit (pp2ac) and protects it from polyubiquitination and degradation. alpha4 is a multidomain protein with a c-terminal domain that binds mid1, a putative e3 ubiquitin ligase, and an n-terminal domain containing the pp2ac-binding site. in this work, we present the str ... | 2011 | 21454489 |
| regulatory circuits of the aaa+ disaggregase hsp104. | yeast hsp104 is an aaa+ chaperone that rescues proteins from the aggregated state. six protomers associate to form the functional hexamer. each protomer contains two aaa+ modules, nbd1 and nbd2. hsp104 converts energy provided by atp into mechanical force used to thread polypeptides through its axial channel, thereby disrupting protein aggregates. but how the action of its 12 aaa+ domains is co-ordinated to catalyze disaggregation remained unexplained. here, we identify a sophisticated allosteri ... | 2011 | 21454552 |
| sel1l protein critically determines the stability of the hrd1-sel1l endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (erad) complex to optimize the degradation kinetics of erad substrates. | the mammalian hrd1-sel1l complex provides a scaffold for endoplasmic reticulum (er)-associated degradation (erad), thereby connecting luminal substrates for ubiquitination at the cytoplasmic surface after their retrotranslocation through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. in this study the stability of the mammalian hrd1-sel1l complex was assessed by performing sirna-mediated knockdown of each of its components. although endogenous sel1l is a long-lived protein, the half-life of sel1l was great ... | 2011 | 21454652 |
| pp2a (cdc55) is required for multiple events during meiosis i. | protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) is a heterotrimer consisting of a and b regulatory subunits and a c catalytic subunit. pp2a regulates mitotic cell events that include the cell cycle, nutrient sensing, p53 stability and various mitogenic signals. the role of pp2a during meiosis is less understood. we explored the role of saccharomyces cerevisiae pp2a during meiosis. we show a pp2a (cdc55) containing the human b/55 family b subunit ortholog, cdc55, is required for progression through meiosis i. muta ... | 2011 | 21455032 |
| over-represented localized sequence motifs in ribosomal protein gene promoters of basal metazoans. | equimolecular presence of ribosomal proteins (rps) in the cell is needed for ribosome assembly and is achieved by synchronized expression of ribosomal protein genes (rpgs) with promoters of similar strengths. over-represented motifs of rpg promoter regions are identified as targets for specific transcription factors. unlike rps, those motifs are not conserved between mammals, drosophila, and yeast. we analyzed rpgs proximal promoter regions of three basal metazoans with sequenced genomes: sponge ... | 2011 | 21457775 |
| longevity-relevant regulation of autophagy at the level of the acetylproteome. | the acetylase inhibitor, spermidine and the deacetylase activator, resveratrol, both induce autophagy and prolong life span of the model organism caenorhabditis elegans in an autophagydependent fashion. based on these premises, we investigated the differences and similarities in spermidine and resveratrol-induced autophagy. the deacetylase sirtuin 1 (sirt1) and its orthologs are required for the autophagy induction by resveratrol but dispensable for autophagy stimulation by spermidine in human c ... | 2011 | 21460620 |
| molecular chaperone hsp104 can promote yeast prion generation. | [ure3] is an amyloid-based prion of ure2p, a regulator of nitrogen catabolism in saccharomyces cerevisiae. the ure2p of the human pathogen candida albicans can also be a prion in s. cerevisiae. we find that overproduction of the disaggregating chaperone, hsp104, increases the frequency of de novo [ure3] prion formation by the ure2p of s. cerevisiae and that of c. albicans. this stimulation is strongly dependent on the presence of the [pin(+)] prion, known from previous work to enhance [ure3] pri ... | 2011 | 21467567 |
| evaluation of pathogenic fungi occurrence in traumatogenic structures of freshwater fish. | fungal infections in human skin, such as sporotrichosis, can occur after fish induced trauma. this work aimed to identify fungi in freshwater fish that are pathogenic to humans. | 2011 | 21468475 |
| a genetically encoded probe for the identification of proteins that form sulfenic acid in response to h(2)o(2) in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | it is widely known that reactive oxygen species (ros), such as hydrogen peroxide, play important roles in cellular signaling and initiation of oxidative stress responses via thiol modifications. identification of the targets of these modifications will provide a better understanding of the relationship between ros and human diseases, such as cancer and atherosclerosis. sulfenic acid is the principle product of a reaction between hydrogen peroxide and a reactive protein cysteine. this reversible ... | 2011 | 21476607 |
| expression analysis of the nucleocytoplasmic lectin 'orysata' from rice in pichia pastoris. | the oryza sativa lectin, abbreviated orysata, is a mannose-specific, jacalin-related lectin expressed in rice plants after exposure to certain stress conditions. expression of a fusion construct containing the rice lectin sequence linked to enhanced green fluorescent protein in bright yellow 2 tobacco cells revealed that orysata is located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the plant cell, indicating that it belongs to the class of nucleocytoplasmic jacalin-related lectins. since the expression ... | 2011 | 21481190 |
| yeast two hybrid analyses reveal novel binary interactions between human cytomegalovirus-encoded virion proteins. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the largest human herpesvirus and its virion contains many viral encoded proteins found in the capsid, tegument, and envelope. in this study, we carried out a yeast two-hybrid (yth) analysis to study potential binary interactions among 56 hcmv-encoded virion proteins. we have tested more than 3,500 pairwise combinations for binary interactions in the yth analysis, and identified 79 potential interactions that involve 37 proteins. forty five of the 79 interactions ... | 2011 | 21483780 |
| recipes and mechanisms of cellular reprogramming: a case study on budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | abstract: | 2011 | 21486480 |
| the synthetic genetic interaction network reveals small molecules that target specific pathways in sacchromyces cerevisiae. | high-throughput elucidation of synthetic genetic interactions (sgis) has contributed to a systems-level understanding of genetic robustness and fault-tolerance encoded in the genome. pathway targets of various compounds have been predicted by comparing chemical-genetic synthetic interactions to a network of sgis. we demonstrate that the sgi network can also be used in a powerful reverse pathway-to-drug approach for identifying compounds that target specific pathways of interest. using the sgi ne ... | 2011 | 21487606 |
| malassezia sympodialis thioredoxin-specific t cells are highly cross-reactive to human thioredoxin in atopic dermatitis. | background: ige-mediated cross-reactivity between fungal antigens and human proteins has been described in patients with atopic dermatitis (ad), but it remains to be elucidated whether there is also cross-reactivity at the t-cell level. objective: we sought to explore cross-reactivity at the t-cell level between the fungal thioredoxin (mala s 13) of the skin-colonizing yeast malassezia sympodialis and its homologous human thioredoxin (htrx). methods: t-cell lines (tcls) were generated in the pre ... | 2011 | 21489611 |
| modification of gene duplicability during the evolution of protein interaction network. | duplications of genes encoding highly connected and essential proteins are selected against in several species but not in human, where duplicated genes encode highly connected proteins. to understand when and how gene duplicability changed in evolution, we compare gene and network properties in four species (escherichia coli, yeast, fly, and human) that are representative of the increase in evolutionary complexity, defined as progressive growth in the number of genes, cells, and cell types. we f ... | 2011 | 21490719 |
| biotechnological production of 20-alpha-dihydrodydrogesterone at pilot scale. | the human sex hormone progesterone plays an essential and complex role in a number of physiological processes. progesterone deficiency is associated with menstrual disorders and infertility as well as premature birth and abortion. for progesterone replacement therapy, the synthetic progestogen dydrogesterone is commonly used. in the body, this drug is metabolized to 20α-dihydrodydrogesterone (20α-dhd), which also shows extensive pharmacological effects and hence could act as a therapeutic agent ... | 2011 | 21494755 |
| microbial transformation of trichostatin a to 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin a. | a new reduced hydroxamate, 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin a, was created from trichostatin a by employing a recombinant strain of streptomyces venezuelae as a microbial catalyst. compared with trichostatin a, 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin a showed similar antifungal activity against saccharomyces cerevisiae, but, interestingly, approximately twice the cytostatic activity against human small-cell lung cancer cells. the production of 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin a via microbial biotransformation demonstrates that t ... | 2011 | 21504214 |
| structural basis for endosomal recruitment of escrt-i by escrt-0 in yeast. | the escrt-0 and escrt-i complexes coordinate the clustering of ubiquitinated cargo with intralumenal budding of the endosomal membrane, two essential steps in vacuolar/lysosomal protein sorting from yeast to humans. the 1.85-å crystal structure of interacting regions of the yeast escrt-0 and escrt-i complexes reveals that psdp motifs of the vps27 escrt-0 subunit bind to a novel electropositive n-terminal site on the uev domain of the escrt-i subunit vps23 centred on trp16. this novel site is com ... | 2011 | 21505419 |
| efficient and rapid purification of drug- and gene-carrying bio-nanocapsules, hepatitis b virus surface antigen l particles, from saccharomyces cerevisiae. | bio-nanocapsules (bncs) are hollow particles (approx. 50nm diameter) consisting of hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) large (l, pre-s1+pre-s2+s) proteins embedded in a unilamellar liposome, sharing the same transmembrane s region with an immunogen of hepatitis b vaccine (i.e., hbsag small (s) protein particle). bncs can incorporate drugs and genes into the hollow space and systemic administration of the bncs can deliver the products to human liver via the human hepatocyte-specific recepto ... | 2011 | 21515381 |
| estrogen-related receptor gamma disruption of source water and drinking water treatment processes extracts. | environmental chemicals in drinking water can impact human health through nuclear receptors. additionally, estrogen-related receptors (errs) are vulnerable to endocrine-disrupting effects. to date, however, err disruption of drinking water potency has not been reported. we used errgamma two-hybrid yeast assay to screen errgamma disrupting activities in a drinking water treatment plant (dwtp) located in north china and in source water from a reservoir, focusing on agonistic, antagonistic, and inv ... | 2011 | 21517005 |
| particulate β-glucan induces tnf-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive nf-κβ-dependent pathway. | glucans are known to promote wound repair. noncellulosic β-glucans are recognized as potent immunological activators. β-glucans are generally safe and are known to attenuate the rate of postoperative infection. glyc101 is a particulate β-glucan isolated from saccharomyces cerevisiae. in this study, the hypothesis that glyc101 regulates wound macrophage function was tested. glyc101 induced tumor necrosis factor (tnf) α transcription in macrophages isolated from murine wound site. multiplex assay ... | 2011 | 21518092 |
| sprouty is a cytoplasmic target of adenoviral e1a oncoproteins to regulate the receptor tyrosine kinase signalling pathway. | abstract: background: oncoproteins encoded by the early region of adenoviruses have been shown to be powerful tools to study gene regulatory mechanisms, which affect major cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and oncogenic transformation. they are possesing a key role to favor viral replication via their interaction with multiple cellular proteins. in a yeast two-hybrid screen we have identified sprouty1 (spry1) as a target of adenoviral e1a oncoproteins. spry protei ... | 2011 | 21518456 |
| actin-binding protein abp140 is a methyltransferase for 3-methylcytidine at position 32 of trnas in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | transfer rnas contain various modified nucleotides that are introduced enzymatically at the post-transcriptional level. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, 3-methylcytidine (m(3)c) is found at position 32 of the trnas for thr and ser. we used a systematic reverse genetic approach combined with mass spectrometry (ribonucleome analysis), and identified the actin-binding protein abp140 as the protein responsible for m(3)c formation in both trna(thr1) and trna(ser1). abp140 consists of an n-terminal actin- ... | 2011 | 21518805 |
| histone chaperone spt6 is required for class switch recombination but not somatic hypermutation. | activation-induced cytidine deaminase (aid) is shown to be essential and sufficient to induce two genetic alterations in the ig loci: class switch recombination (csr) and somatic hypermutation (shm). however, it is still unknown how a single-molecule aid differentially regulates csr and shm. here we identified spt6 as an aid-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening and immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. knockdown of spt6 resulted in severe reduction of csr in both the en ... | 2011 | 21518874 |
| autophagy process is associated with anti-neoplastic function. | autophagy is a highly conserved process of cellular degradation, which is present in yeast, plants, and mammals. under normal physiological conditions, autophagy acts to maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate the turnover of organelles. in response to cellular stresses, autophagy prevents the accumulation of impaired proteins and organelles, which serves to inhibit carcinogenesis. on this basis, it is widely accepted that most tumor suppressors, such as beclin 1 associated proteins, forkhead ... | 2011 | 21525017 |
| c4orf41 and ttc-15 are mammalian trapp components with a role at an early stage in er-to-golgi trafficking. | trapp is a multisubunit tethering complex implicated in multiple vesicle trafficking steps in saccharomyces cerevisiae and conserved throughout eukarya, including humans. here we confirm the role of trappc2l as a stable component of mammalian trapp and report the identification of four novel components of the complex: c4orf41, ttc-15, kiaa1012 and bet3l. two of the components, kiaa1012 and bet3l, are mammalian homologues of trs85p and bet3p, respectively. the remaining two novel trapp components ... | 2011 | 21525244 |
| activation of the innate immune receptor dectin-1 upon formation of a 'phagocytic synapse'. | innate immune cells must be able to distinguish between direct binding to microbes and detection of components shed from the surface of microbes located at a distance. dectin-1 (also known as clec7a) is a pattern-recognition receptor expressed by myeloid phagocytes (macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils) that detects β-glucans in fungal cell walls and triggers direct cellular antimicrobial activity, including phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ros). in contrast to inf ... | 2011 | 21525931 |
| the lsd1-interacting protein gilp is a litaf domain protein that negatively regulates hypersensitive cell death in arabidopsis. | hypersensitive cell death, a form of avirulent pathogen-induced programmed cell death (pcd), is one of the most efficient plant innate immunity. however, its regulatory mechanism is poorly understood. atlsd1 is an important negative regulator of pcd and only two proteins, atbzip10 and atmc1, have been reported to interact with atlsd1. | 2011 | 21526181 |
| real time monitoring of antigenicity development of hbsag virus-like particles (vlps) during heat- and redox-treatment. | the hepatitis b virus major surface antigen (hbsag) is a cysteine-rich, membrane-bound protein which self-assembles into 22-nm spherical virus-like particles (vlps). while this vlp based human vaccine has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious since 1986, the structural and exact molecular basis for its antigenic determinants has not been elucidated. maturation of the yeast-derived purified vlps was characterized for the changes in 37 their biophysical properties [7]. using rapid and label ... | 2011 | 21527246 |
| functional expression of human adenine nucleotide translocase 4 in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the adenine nucleotide translocase (ant) mediates the exchange of adp and atp across the inner mitochondrial membrane. the human genome encodes multiple ant isoforms that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. recently a novel germ cell-specific member of the ant family, ant4 (slc25a31) was identified. although it is known that targeted depletion of ant4 in mice resulted in male infertility, the functional biochemical differences between ant4 and other somatic ant isoforms remain undetermine ... | 2011 | 21532989 |
| the molecular genetics of sirtuins: association with human longevity and age-related diseases. | the sirtuins are a family of proteins remarkably conserved from yeast to humans. in organisms such as yeast, worms and flies it is quite well established that the activity of sirtuins prolongs lifespan. as a result of promising findings in simple organisms, sirtuins are now investigated in higher organisms in relation to the ageing process. in mammals there are seven different sirtuin proteins each encoded by individual genes (sirt1-7). although sirtuins share a highly conserved catalytic domain ... | 2010 | 21537393 |
| crystal structure of the middle domain of human poly(a)-binding protein-interacting protein 1. | in eukaryotes, the poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) is one of the important factors for initiation of messenger rna translation. pabp activity is regulated by the pabp-interacting proteins (paips), which include paip1, paip2a, and paip2b. human paip1 has three different isoforms. here, we report the crystal structure of the middle domain of paip1 isoform 2 (paip1m) as determined by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion phasing. the structure reveals a crescent-shaped domain consisting of 10 α-hel ... | 2011 | 21539810 |
| a comprehensive platform for highly multiplexed mammalian functional genetic screens. | abstract: background: genome-wide screening in human and mouse cells using rna interference and open reading frame over-expression libraries is rapidly becoming a viable experimental approach for many research labs. there are a variety of gene expression modulation libraries commercially available, however, detailed and validated protocols as well as the reagents necessary for deconvolving genome-scale gene screens using these libraries are lacking. as a solution, we designed a comprehensive pla ... | 2011 | 21548937 |
| a missense mutation in prpf6 causes impairment of pre-mrna splicing and autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa. | retinitis pigmentosa (rp) is an inherited form of retinal degeneration that leads to progressive visual-field constriction and blindness. although the disease manifests only in the retina, mutations in ubiquitously expressed genes associated with the tri-snrnp complex of the spliceosome have been identified in patients with dominantly inherited rp. we screened for mutations in prpf6 (nm_012469.3), a gene on chromosome 20q13.33 encoding an essential protein for tri-snrnp assembly and stability, i ... | 2011 | 21549338 |
| a hybrid model to study pathological mutations of the human adp/atp carriers. | the adenine nucleotide carrier (ancp) plays an essential role in the metabolism of cellular energy by catalyzing the transport of adp and atp across the inner mitochondrial membrane. previous reports have indicated that mutations in the hanc1 gene, encoding the muscle isoform of human ancp (hanc1p), are directly involved in several diseases, including autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia and cardiomyopathies. in this work, we studied three pathogenic hanc1 mutations at the bio ... | 2011 | 21549803 |
| biochemistry of eukaryotic homologous recombination. | the biochemistry of eukaryotic homologous recombination caught fire with the discovery that rad51 is the eukaryotic homolog of the bacterial reca and t4 uvsx proteins; and this field is still hot. the core reaction of homologous recombination, homology search and dna strand invasion, along with the proteins catalyzing it, are conserved throughout evolution in principle. however, the increased complexity of eukaryotic genomes and the diversity of eukaryotic cell biology pose additional challenges ... | 2007 | 21552479 |
| measuring the evolutionary rate of protein-protein interaction. | despite our extensive knowledge about the rate of protein sequence evolution for thousands of genes in hundreds of species, the corresponding rate of protein function evolution is virtually unknown, especially at the genomic scale. this lack of knowledge is primarily because of the huge diversity in protein function and the consequent difficulty in gauging and comparing rates of protein function evolution. nevertheless, most proteins function through interacting with other proteins, and protein- ... | 2011 | 21555556 |
| ase1p phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase promotes correct spindle assembly in s. cerevisiae. | spindle morphogenesis and dynamics follow an orderly sequence of events coupled to the oscillatory activation of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk). using s. cerevisiae we have addressed the requirement of cdk for phosphorylation of the spindle midzone component ase1p and its significance to spindle assembly. ase1p is related to human prc1, a protein negatively regulated by cdk until late mitosis when it is required for central spindle organization and cytokinesis. by contrast, we show here that ase1 ... | 2011 | 21558801 |
| yeast as a model system to study tau biology. | hyperphosphorylated and aggregated human protein tau constitutes a hallmark of a multitude of neurodegenerative diseases called tauopathies, exemplified by alzheimer's disease. in spite of an enormous amount of research performed on tau biology, several crucial questions concerning the mechanisms of tau toxicity remain unanswered. in this paper we will highlight some of the processes involved in tau biology and pathology, focusing on tau phosphorylation and the interplay with oxidative stress. i ... | 2011 | 21559193 |
| identification of virulence determinants of the human pathogenic fungi aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans by proteomics. | both fungi candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus can cause a number of life-threatening systemic infections in humans. the commensal yeast c. albicans is one of the main causes of nosocomial fungal infectious diseases, whereas the filamentous fungus a. fumigatus has become one of the most prevalent airborne fungal pathogens. early diagnosis of these fungal infections is challenging, only a limited number of antifungals for treatment are available, and the molecular details of pathogenicity ... | 2011 | 21565549 |
| interaction with polyglutamine expanded huntingtin alters cellular distribution and rna processing of huntingtin yeast two-hybrid protein a (hypa). | huntington's disease (hd) is an autosomal inherited disorder that causes the deterioration of brain cells. the polyglutamine (polyq) expansion of huntingtin (htt) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hd via interaction with an rna splicing factor, htt yeast two-hybrid protein a/formin binding protein 11 (hypa/fbp11). besides the pathogenic polyq expansion, htt also contains a proline-rich region (prr) located exactly in the c-terminus to the polyq tract. however, how the polyq expansion influenc ... | 2011 | 21566141 |
| hsav1 interacts with hax1 and attenuates its anti-apoptotic effects in mcf-7 breast cancer cells. | it has been reported that salvador (sav) is a core component of the salvador-warts-hippo (swh) pathway that restricts cell number, by functioning as a dual regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis in drosophila. however, the function of its human ortholog hsav1 (also called hww45) in mammalian cells is poorly understood. in this study, we identified hematopoietic cell-specific protein 1 (hs1)-associated protein x-1 (hax1), a 35-kda protein localized to cell mitochondria, as a novel binding ... | 2011 | 21567072 |
| maturation of human dendritic cells with saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) reduces the number and function of regulatory t cells and enhances the ratio of antigen-specific effectors to regulatory t cells. | we compared the effects of yeast-treated human dendritic cells (dcs) with cd40l-matured human dcs for the induction of effector cells and the number and functionality of cd4(+)cd25(+)cd127(-)foxp3(+) regulatory t cells (tregs). dcs were treated with yeast or cd40l and cocultured with isolated autologous cd4(+) t cells. cd4(+)cd25(+)cd127(-) t cells isolated from the coculture of cd4(+) t cells plus yeast-treated dcs (yeast coculture) had a lower expression of foxp3 and decreased suppressive func ... | 2011 | 21569810 |
| a universal code for rna recognition by puf proteins. | the design of proteins that can bind any rna sequence of interest has many potential biological and medical applications. here we have expanded the recognition of pumilio and fbf homology protein (puf) repeats beyond adenine, guanine and uracil and evolved them to specifically bind cytosine. these repeat sequences can be used to create puf domains capable of selectively binding rna targets of diverse sequence and structure. | 2011 | 21572425 |
| prin, a predicted rice interactome network. | abstract: background: protein-protein interactions play a fundamental role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of biomolecular function, signal transductions and metabolic pathways of living organisms. although high-throughput technologies such as yeast two-hybrid system and tandem mass spectrometry are widely used in model organisms, the progress of protein-protein interactions detection in plants is rather slow. with this motivation, our work presents a computational approach to predict pr ... | 2011 | 21575196 |
| sirt3 and cancer: tumor promoter or suppressor? | sirtuins (sirt1-7), the mammalian homologues of the sir2 gene in yeast, have emerging roles in age-related diseases, such as cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. however, the role of several sirtuin family members, including sirt1 and sirt3, in cancer has been controversial. the aim of this review is to explore and discuss the seemingly dichotomous role of sirt3 in cancer biology with particular emphasis on its potential role as a tumor promoter and tumor suppressor. this review w ... | 2011 | 21586315 |
| the fungal pathogen candida albicans autoinduces hyphal morphogenesis by raising extracellular ph. | abstract ph homeostasis is critical for all organisms; in the fungal pathogen candida albicans, ph adaptation is critical for virulence in distinct host niches. we demonstrate that beyond adaptation, c. albicans actively neutralizes the environment from either acidic or alkaline phs. under acidic conditions, this species can raise the ph from 4 to >7 in less than 12 h, resulting in autoinduction of the yeast-hyphal transition, a critical virulence trait. extracellular alkalinization has been rep ... | 2011 | 21586647 |
| downstream of human ndr kinases: impacting on c-myc and p21 protein stability to control cell cycle progression. | the mammalian genome encodes four members of the ndr/lats kinase family: ndr1 (stk38), ndr2 (stk38l), lats1 and lats2, which are highly conserved from yeast to man. members of the ndr/lats kinase family have been implicated in a variety of biological processes ranging from cell division and morphology to apoptosis and tumor suppression. in mammals lats1/2 function as central parts of the hippo tumor suppressor pathway by restricting the activity of the yap/taz proto-oncogenes. recent evidence su ... | 2011 | 21593588 |
| presynaptic filament dynamics in homologous recombination and dna repair. | homologous recombination (hr) is an essential genome stability mechanism used for high-fidelity repair of dna double-strand breaks and for the recovery of stalled or collapsed dna replication forks. the crucial homology search and dna strand exchange steps of hr are catalyzed by presynaptic filaments-helical filaments of a recombinase enzyme bound to single-stranded dna (ssdna). presynaptic filaments are fundamentally dynamic structures, the assembly, catalytic turnover, and disassembly of which ... | 2011 | 21599536 |
| pinta: a web server for network-based gene prioritization from expression data. | pinta (available at http://www.esat.kuleuven.be/pinta/; this web site is free and open to all users and there is no login requirement) is a web resource for the prioritization of candidate genes based on the differential expression of their neighborhood in a genome-wide protein-protein interaction network. our strategy is meant for biological and medical researchers aiming at identifying novel disease genes using disease specific expression data. pinta supports both candidate gene prioritization ... | 2011 | 21602267 |
| the involvement of smile/tmtc3 in endoplasmic reticulum stress response. | thestate of operational tolerance has been detected sporadically in some renal transplanted patients that stopped immunosuppressive drugs, demonstrating that allograft tolerance might exist in humans. several years ago, a study by brouard et al. identified a molecular signature of several genes that were significantly differentially expressed in the blood of such patients compared with patients with other clinical situations. the aim of the present study is to analyze the role of one of these mo ... | 2011 | 21603654 |
| gisao.db: a database for ageing research. | abstract: background: age-related gene expression patterns of homo sapiens as well as of model organisms such as mus musculus, saccharomyces cerevisiae, caenorhabditis elegans and drosophila melanogaster are a basis for understanding the genetic mechanisms of ageing. for an effective analysis and interpretation of expression profiles it is necessary to store and manage huge amounts of data in an organized way, so that these data can be accessed and processed easily. description gisao.db (genes i ... | 2011 | 21609420 |
| identification of mek2-mapk kinase as a novel partner of the scaffolding protein human homolog of disc-large (hdlg). | human disc-large homolog (hdlg), also known as synapse-associated protein 97 (sap97), is a scaffold protein, member of the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (maguk) family, implicated in neuronal synapses and epithelial-epithelial cell junctions whose expression and function remains poorly characterized in most tissues, particularly in the vasculature. our data show that, in human vascular tissues, hdlg is highly expressed in smooth muscle cells (vsmcs). using the yeast two-hybrid system to s ... | 2011 | 21615688 |
| interaction of the receptor fgfrl1 with the negative regulator spred1. | fgfrl1 is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family. it plays an essential role during branching morphogenesis of the metanephric kidneys, as mice with a targeted deletion of the fgfrl1 gene show severe kidney dysplasia. here we used the yeast two-hybrid system to demonstrate that fgfrl1 binds with its c-terminal, histidine-rich domain to spred1 and to other proteins of the sprouty/spred family. members of this family are known to act as negative regulators of the ras/raf/erk sign ... | 2011 | 21616146 |
| structure-function studies of an engineered scaffold protein derived from stefin a. ii: development and applications of the sqt variant. | constrained binding peptides (peptide aptamers) may serve as tools to explore protein conformations and disrupt protein-protein interactions. the quality of the protein scaffold, by which the binding peptide is constrained and presented, is of crucial importance. sqt (stefin a quadruple mutant-tracy) is our most recent development in the stefin a-derived scaffold series. stefin a naturally uses three surfaces to interact with its targets. sqt tolerates peptide insertions at all three positions. ... | 2011 | 21616931 |
| the role of hsl7 in morphology and pathogenicity and its interaction with other signaling components in the plant pathogen, ustilago maydis. | the phytopathogenic fungus ustilago maydis undergoes a dimorphic transition in response to mating pheromone, host, and environmental cues. on solid media deficient in ammonium (slad), u. maydis produces a filamentous colony morphology, while in liquid slad the cells do not form filaments. the p21-activated protein kinases (paks) play a substantial role in regulating the dimorphic transition in fungi. the pak-like ste20 homologue, smu1, is required for a normal response to pheromone via up-regula ... | 2011 | 21622903 |
| the 3' untranslated region of the human poly(adp-ribose) polymerase gene is a nuclear matrix anchoring site. | the nuclear matrix displays the most dramatic changes among all cellular structures during carcinogenesis. matrix attachment regions (mars) organize chromatin into domains, harbor origins of replication and display a notable transcriptional enhancer activity. to understand the nature of mars and their involvement in gene expression, replication, and carcinogenesis, we have cloned the mar dna fragments, of a size of 0.1-5.0 kb, isolated from human cells in culture. over 150 clones have been seque ... | 1996 | 21541639 |
| melatonin modulation of estrogen-receptor expression in mcf-7 human breast-cancer cells. | mcf-7 human breast cancer cells, which are estrogen receptor (er)-positive and responsive to the mitogenic actions of estrogen, were used to examine the possible association between the growth-inhibitory activity of melatonin and its ability to modulate the estrogen-response pathway. melatonin at physiologic concentrations (10(-8)-10(-11) m) significantly decreased estrogen binding activity and the expression of immunoreactive er in a dose-specific and time-dependent manner. however, melatonin d ... | 1993 | 21573419 |
| human sak related to the plk/polo family of cell cycle kinases shows high mrna expression in testis. | we identified the nucleotide sequence of a cdna encoding a polypeptide with a kinase domain that is related to the catalytic region of drosophila melanogaster polo, saccharomyces cerevisiae cdc5 as well as human fnk and plk. the novel gene seems to represent the human counterpart of the mouse gene sak. the sequence of sak predicts a serine/threonine kinase of 970 aa. the distribution of sak mrna in adult organs is restricted to certain tissues such as testis and thymus. northern analyses of tumo ... | 1997 | 21590086 |
| the exosomes of trypanosomes and other protists. | the archaeal exosome contains three heterodimeric rnase ph subunits, forming a hexamer with rnase activity; on top sits a trimer of two different si domain proteins. in animals and yeast, six different, but related subunits form the rnase ph-like core, but these lack enzyme activity; there are three different si-domain proteins and enzyme activity is providedby the endo/exonuclease rrp44 or--mainly in the nuclear exosome--the rnase d enzyme rrp6. trypanosomes diverged from yeast and mammals very ... | 2010 | 21618873 |
| comparison of initial hydrolysis of the three dimethyl phthalate esters (dmpes) by a basidiomycetous yeast, trichosporon dmi-5-1, from coastal sediment. | purpose: dimethyl phthalate esters (dmpes) are a group of plasticizers commonly detected in the environment with potential adverse human health impact. the degradation of dmpes by fungal systems has been studied to a limited extent, particularly by yeasts. in this study, a basidiomycetous yeast trichosporon dmi-5-1 capable of degrading dmpes was obtained and the degradation pathways were investigated. results: a dmpe-degrading yeast was isolated from costal sediment by enrichment culture techniq ... | 2011 | 21626443 |