| integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 are receptors for the rotavirus enterotoxin. | rotavirus nsp4 is a viral enterotoxin capable of causing diarrhea in neonatal mice. this process is initiated by the binding of extracellular nsp4 to target molecule(s) on the cell surface that triggers a signaling cascade leading to diarrhea. we now report that the integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 are receptors for nsp4. nsp4 specifically binds to the alpha1 and alpha2 i domains with apparent k(d) = 1-2.7 mum. binding is mediated by the i domain metal ion-dependent adhesion site motif, req ... | 2008 | 18587047 |
| parenteral administration of rf 8-2/6/7 rotavirus-like particles in a one-dose regimen induce protective immunity in mice. | rotavirus virus-like particles (rv-vlps) represent a novel strategy for development of a rotavirus subunit vaccine. in this study, rf 8-2/6/7-vlps with rotavirus vp8 protein (amino acid 1-241 of vp4) fused to the amino terminal end of a truncated vp2, were evaluated for their immunogenic and protective properties. a single intramuscular dose of, either 2 or 20 microg, rf 8-2/6/7-vlps alone or combined with a potent adjuvant poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)]phosphazene] (pcpp) induced rotavirus-specif ... | 2008 | 18588935 |
| chronic rejection after combined liver and small bowel transplantation in a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a case report. | an 11-year-old boy with irreversible intestinal failure secondary to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (cipo) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (ifald) underwent a combined en bloc reduced liver and small bowel transplantation. he was discharged home after 9 weeks on full oral intake without requiring intravenous nutritional or fluid supplementation. the first episode of mild acute rejection, which occurred 18 months after transplantation, was successfully treated with steroids ... | 2008 | 18589190 |
| [new vaccines to be considered in pediatrics and school health services]. | | 2008 | 18590007 |
| molecular characterization of the nsp4 gene of human group a rotavirus samples from the west central region of brazil. | nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4), encoded by group a rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. the nsp4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes a-e. nsp4 genotypes a, b, and c have been detected in humans. in this study, the nsp4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different g and p genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of west central regio ... | 2008 | 18592101 |
| the epidemiology of human rotavirus associated with diarrhoea in kenyan children: a review. | rotavirus gastroenteritis still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries, with approximately 150,000-200,000 deaths occurring annually in sub-saharan africa. we reviewed papers published over the last 30 years on the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among the hospitalized and out-patient children in kenya. the analysis shows rotavirus prevalence of 6-56% with diarrhoea occurring throughout the year and generally exhibiting distinct peaks du ... | 2008 | 18593738 |
| high-level recombinant protein production in bioreactors using the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. | in order to develop an efficient process for large-scale production of recombinant protein, various factors were studied which affect the productivity of sf-9 (spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells when using the baculovirus expression system. it was shown that upon infection with the bac-brv6l recombinant baculovirus, the level per cell of vp6 (a bovine rotavirus nucleocapsid protein) would drop 10-fold when host cell density at the time of infection increased from 2 x 10(6) to 3 x 10(6) cells/ml ... | 1990 | 18595054 |
| implementation of rotavirus immunization in philadelphia, pennsylvania: high levels of vaccine ineligibility and off-label use. | our goal was to predict, using delayed diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination as an indicator, whether the current narrowly defined age limits for pentavalent rotavirus vaccine exclude a substantial proportion of children from complete immunization against rotavirus and to assess adherence of providers to recommended age limits by examining the first 6 months of use of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in philadelphia, pennsylvania. | 2008 | 18595974 |
| molecular detection of human enteric viruses in urban rivers in korea. | we performed rt-nested pcr to study the distribution of human enteric viruses in urban rivers in korea. during 2002-2003, water samples were collected from four rivers in gyeonggi province, south korea. among 58 samples, 45 (77.6%), 32 (55.2%), 12 (20.7%), 2 (3.4%), 4 (6.9%), and 4 (6.9%) showed positive results with adenoviruses (advs), enteroviruses (evs), reoviruses (revs), hepatitis a viruses (havs), rotaviruses (rovs), and sapoviruses (svs), respectively. according to the binary logistic re ... | 2008 | 18600062 |
| rotavirus infection in the neonatal nurseries of a tertiary care hospital in india. | the majority of neonatal rotavirus infections are believed to be asymptomatic, and protection from subsequent infection and disease has been reported in neonatally infected children. in this study, we present the results of a 4-year prospective surveillance in the neonatal nurseries of a tertiary care hospital in south india. | 2008 | 18600189 |
| vaccine research--11th annual conference: cutaneous formulations, universal vaccinations and recently licensed vaccines. | | 2008 | 18600589 |
| recommendations for the classification of group a rotaviruses using all 11 genomic rna segments. | recently, a classification system was proposed for rotaviruses in which all the 11 genomic rna segments are used (matthijnssens et al. in j virol 82:3204-3219, 2008). based on nucleotide identity cut-off percentages, different genotypes were defined for each genome segment. a nomenclature for the comparison of complete rotavirus genomes was considered in which the notations gx-p[x]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-tx-ex-hx are used for the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5/6 encoding genes, resp ... | 2008 | 18604469 |
| formulation, characterization and evaluation of rotavirus encapsulated pla and plga particles for oral vaccination. | polylactide (pla) and polylactide-co-glycolide (plga) particles entrapping rotavirus (strain sa11) were formulated using a solvent evaporation technique. to minimize denaturation of viral antigen during the emulsification process, serum albumin was used as a stabilizer. use of nahco(3) and sucrose during the primary emulsification step resulted in uniform stabilized particles entrapping rotavirus. sonication during the primary emulsion and homogenization during the secondary emulsion process res ... | 2009 | 18608800 |
| rotavirus vaccines. | two live attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines were licensed in 2006 for prevention of severe acute gastroenteritis in children: rotarixtrade mark (gsk), a human rotavirus vaccine with g1p[8] serotype characteristics and rotateqtrade mark (merck), a bovine-human reassortant vaccine expressing human g 1-4 and p[8] antigens. in prelicensure trials both vaccines showed high efficacy against severe rv gastroenteritis, low reactogenicity and no increased risk for intussusception (is) (ruiz-palacios et a ... | 2008 | 18609225 |
| [construction of external standard for detection of rotavirus in water using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction]. | to construct external standard for detection of rotavirus in water using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, rotavirus cdna standard for real-time pcr assay was prepared by cell culture, pcr and t-a clone methods with primers specific for the viral structure protein vp7 gene, and this cdna standard was confirmed by enzyme cleavage and dna sequencing. specificity, stability and reproducibility of the cdna standard quantified were detected by common polymerase chain reaction (pcr ... | 2008 | 18613509 |
| contamination of the hospital environment with gastroenteric viruses: comparison of two pediatric wards over a winter season. | the aims of this study were to examine the extent of gastroenteric virus contamination in a pediatric primary immunodeficiency (ppi) ward and a general pediatric ward over a winter season and to determine whether changes to hospital infection control interventions would have an impact on environmental contamination levels within pediatric units. environmental swabs were collected weekly from 11 sites in both wards from 15 december 2005 to 3 march 2006 and examined for the presence of norovirus ( ... | 2008 | 18614656 |
| baculovirus expression system scaleup by perfusion of high-density sf-9 cell cultures. | a perfusion system based on a 4-l stirred tank bioreactor and a custom-designed tangential (cross-flow) filter was assembled to realize a scaleup of the baculovirus expression vector system (bevs). when perfused with 1 to 1.5 vol/day, spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) insect cell cultures grew from 4 x 10(6) to 15 x 10(6) cells/ml over 3 to 4 days. the possibility of maintaining high specific production of recombinant vp6 protein (from bovine rotavirus) after baculovirus infection of the high-density ... | 1994 | 18615881 |
| [rimozione dei virus nei processi convenzionali di trattamento delle acque reflue.]. | little has been published in the scientific literature on the distribution of pathogenic viruses and on their removal in the different treatment phases in wastewater treatment plants in italy. recent advances in molecular biology have reduced analytic costs and allowed the detection of virus directly in the environment. this study evaluates the presence of enteric viruses and their removal in three treatment plants of different sizes and which use different treatment methods. overall 92 samples ... | 2007 | 18617963 |
| importance of vaccinations for close contacts and caregivers. | | 2008 | 18619074 |
| [rotavirus and its indirect costs]. | | 2008 | 18620683 |
| rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals. | rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. in neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enter ... | 2009 | 18622713 |
| partial genome sequence analysis of parvoviruses associated with enteric disease in poultry. | poult enteritis mortality syndrome (pems) of turkeys and runting-stunting syndrome (rss) of chickens are significant viral enteric diseases of poultry. although a number of different viruses, including avian reoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and coronaviruses, have been isolated from the intestinal contents of birds in affected poultry flocks, their role in pems and rss is not yet understood. here, we report the application of a molecular screening method to detection of novel viruses in int ... | 2008 | 18622862 |
| host defense against salmonella and rotaviral gastroenteritis: a serial study of transcriptional factors and cytokines. | common etiologies of acute enterocolitis in childhood include the intracellular pathogens salmonella and rotavirus, along with extracellular pathogens. in order to elucidate differentiating immunologic parameters in patients with acute gastroenteritis of different etiologies, we investigated interferon (ifn)-gamma, interleukin (il)-12, and t-bet of t-helper type 1 subsets, and il-4 and gata-3 of t-helper type 2 subsets. | 2008 | 18629423 |
| llama-derived single-chain antibody fragments directed to rotavirus vp6 protein possess broad neutralizing activity in vitro and confer protection against diarrhea in mice. | group a rotavirus is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in human infants and newborn animals. rotavirus virions are triple-layered particles. the outer capsid proteins vp4 and vp7 are highly variable and represent the major neutralizing antigens. the inner capsid protein vp6 is conserved among group a rotaviruses, is highly immunogenic, and is the target antigen of most immunodiagnosis tests. llama-derived single-chain antibody fragments (vhh) are the smallest molecules with antige ... | 2008 | 18632867 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotaviruses in asymptomatic piglets in ireland. | group c rotaviruses are important human enteric pathogens that have also been detected in a variety of mammalian species, including pigs. group c rotaviruses have been identified in piglets with diarrhea, but their ecology remains to be elucidated. by screening of 292 fecal samples collected from 4- to 5-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007, 13 (4.4%) samples tested positive by reverse transcription-pcr for group c rotavirus. group a rotaviruses were also d ... | 2008 | 18632912 |
| prospective study of the burden of acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age, in padova, italy. | data on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe are needed to help understand the potential impact of introducing new rotavirus vaccines. | 2008 | 18633575 |
| cerebrospinal fluid diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite levels in pediatric patients with central nervous system diseases. | this study assessed the validity of cerebrospinal fluid oxidative status of pediatric patients with central nervous system diseases, using the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites test (d-roms; diacron international s.r.l.; grosseto, italy). eighty-seven pediatric patients (8 with bacterial meningitis, 18 with aseptic meningitis, 23 with febrile seizures, 6 with rotavirus gastroenteritis-induced convulsions, 16 with epilepsy, 2 with adrenoleukodystrophy, 2 with multiple sclerosis, and 12 control ... | 2008 | 18639749 |
| electron microscopic identification of viruses associated with poult enteritis in turkeys grown in california 1993-2003. | poult enteritis (pe) is one of the most common diseases seen in young turkey flocks. since 1993, more than 1800 cases of suspected pe have been submitted for examination by negative stain electron microscopy; this has involved more than 2400 individual results, because in many cases more than one virus was identified; at least 1500 individual results were positive for viruses. viruses have been identified in poults as young as 3 days and up to 9 wk of age. the most commonly found viruses are rot ... | 2008 | 18646448 |
| enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the united states between 2005 and 2006. | intestinal samples collected from 43 commercial broiler and 33 commercial turkey flocks from all regions of the united states during 2005 and 2006 were examined for the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and coronavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and for the presence of groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by pcr. phylogenetic analysis was performed to further characterize the viruses and to evaluate species association and geographic patterns. astroviruses were ide ... | 2008 | 18646452 |
| outbreak of rotavirus variant p[8] in seoul, south korea. | an epidemiologic study was performed to determine the genetic variability of rotaviruses in seoul, south korea. in 3,174 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea at five referral hospitals, 571 (18%) possessed the antigen of group a rotavirus detectable by elisa--10.8% in 2004 and 28.1% in 2005. vp7 genotyping revealed that the g3 type was found in 25.6% of all typed isolates, g4 in 23.8%, g2 in 21.6%, and g1 in 17.6%. vp4 genotyping showed that the p[8] type was detected in 66.7%, p[6] ... | 2008 | 18649327 |
| evidence for zoonotic transmission of group c rotaviruses among children in belém, brazil. | the prevalence and potential zoonotic transmission of group c rotavirus (rvc) were examined by testing fecal samples collected from children during a longitudinal study that was carried out in the outskirts of belém, brazil, from december 1982 to march 1986. the study involved a group of 30 children who were followed from birth to 3 years. of the 77 samples tested from 29 children, 5 (6.5%) were positive for human and 3 (4%) for porcine rvc by using nested pcr assay with primers specific for vp6 ... | 2008 | 18649333 |
| incidence and clinical characteristics of group a rotavirus infections among children admitted to hospital in kilifi, kenya. | rotavirus, predominantly of group a, is a major cause of severe diarrhoea worldwide, with the greatest burden falling on young children living in less-developed countries. vaccines directed against this virus have shown promise in recent trials, and are undergoing effectiveness evaluation in sub-saharan africa. in this region limited childhood data are available on the incidence and clinical characteristics of severe group a rotavirus disease. advocacy for vaccine intervention and interpretation ... | 2008 | 18651787 |
| genomic characterization of a novel group a lamb rotavirus isolated in zaragoza, spain. | an ovine rotavirus (ovr) strain, 762, was isolated from a 30-day-old lamb affected with severe gastroenteritis, in zaragoza, spain, and the vp4, vp7, vp6, nsp4, and nsp5/nsp6 genes were subsequently characterized molecularly. strain ovr762 was classified as a p[14] rotavirus, as the vp4 and vp8* trypsin-cleavage product of the vp4 protein revealed the highest amino acid (aa) identity (94% and 97%, respectively) with that of the p11[14] human rotavirus (hrv) strain pa169, isolated in italy. analy ... | 2008 | 18661221 |
| the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus infection in the salento peninsula, italy. | the aim of this study was to delineate the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the salento peninsula, italy. the study lasted a year and included the gathering of data on hospitalizations for enteritis caused by rotaviruses in the pediatric wards of seven hospitals in the province of lecce. during 2004, 7,938 children were hospitalized; 973 of them had gastroenteric symptoms and 202 were positive for rotavirus. the percentage of admissions to hospital was high in autumn and at the begin ... | 2008 | 18664076 |
| cost-effectiveness of introducing a rotavirus vaccine in developing countries: the case of mexico. | in developing countries rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea and diarrhoeal deaths in children under 5. vaccination could greatly alleviate that burden, but in mexico as in most low- and middle-income countries the decision to add rotavirus vaccine to the national immunisation program will depend heavily on its cost-effectiveness and affordability. the objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of including the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in mexico's national im ... | 2008 | 18664280 |
| 11th annual conference on vaccine research. | the 11th annual conference on vaccine research, hosted by the national foundation for infectious disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. the conference highlighted recent advancements in vaccine design, including the discovery of new adjuvants, cytokines and regulatory pathways. other topics included a comprehensive ove ... | 2008 | 18665770 |
| determination of human rotavirus vp6 genogroups i and ii by reverse transcription-pcr. | based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp6 genes, group a rotaviruses can be mainly differentiated into two genogroups. in this study, a method employing reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and degenerate primers was established to assign the vp6 genogroup. vp6 genogroup i and genogroup ii could be determined according to the sizes of the amplicons: 380 and 780 bp, respectively. the vp6 genogroup of human reference strains of g1 to g4 and g9 types and rotateq vaccin ... | 2008 | 18667595 |
| emerging g9 rotavirus strains in the northwest of china. | although g9 rotaviruses have become one of the important rotavirus genotypes worldwide, they have been uncommon in china. recently, we reported g9 rotaviruses as a highly prevalent genotype in xinjiang, the northwest part of china [yang, x., matthijnssens, j., sun, h., muhamaiti, j., zhang, b., nahar, s., van ranst, m., rahman, m., 2008. temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a northwest city of china, 1996-2005. int. j. infect. dis., june (epub ahead of print)]. here we report the ... | 2008 | 18674575 |
| molecular characterization of vp4, vp6 and vp7 genes of a rare g8p[14] rotavirus strain detected in an infant with gastroenteritis in italy. | in this study, the molecular characterization of a rare g8p[14] group a rotavirus (garv) strain detected in northern italy during the 2004-2005 epidemiological rotavirus season is described. two hundred and seventy three rotavirus-like particle positive stools out of 856 stools from children (31.9%) hospitalized with gastroenteritis were analyzed using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and 271 garvs were genotyped by vp7 and vp4 specific rt-pcrs. one strain (pr/1300/04) with a long electrophero ... | 2008 | 18674577 |
| a critique of criteria for evaluating vaccines for inclusion in mandatory school immunization programs. | several new vaccines for children and young adults have been introduced recently and now appear on the advisory committee on immunization practices' recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule (meningococcal, rotavirus, human papillomavirus). as new vaccines are introduced, states face complex decisions regarding which vaccines to fund and which vaccines to require for school or child care entry. this complexity is evidenced by the current debate surrounding the human papillomavir ... | 2008 | 18676536 |
| analysis of rotavirus antigenemia and extraintestinal manifestations in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. | this study was conducted to examine the association between rotavirus antigenemia and clinical features, particularly extraintestinal manifestations, and the association between serum cytokine levels and rotavirus antigen quantity. | 2008 | 18676558 |
| molecular characterization of rare bovine group a rotavirus g15p[11] and g15p[21] strains from eastern india: identification of simian sa11-like vp6 genes in g15p[21] strains. | during a surveillance study (november 2001-march 2005), one rare g15p[11] and two rare g15p[21] bovine group a rotavirus strains were detected in diarrhoeic calves in eastern india. sequence analysis of the vp8*, vp6, nsp4 and nsp5 genes of the g15p[11] strain confirmed its bovine origin. although the nsp4 and nsp5 genes of the two g15p[21] strains were of bovine origin, their vp6 genes shared higher nucleotide and amino acid identities with simian strain sa11 (92.5-93.1% and 98.5-98.7%) than bo ... | 2008 | 18679786 |
| a survey of specific pathogen-free chicken flocks for antibodies to chicken anaemia agent, avian nephritis virus and group a rotavirus. | sera originating from specific pathogen-free flocks from europe, north america and australia were examined by indirect immuno-fluorescence for antibodies to chicken anaemia agent, avian nephritis virus and group a rotavirus. some flocks were free of infection, but others showed evidence of infection with one, two or all of these viruses. in view of the pathogenic potential of these viruses and the possibility that they may be egg-transmitted, it is recommended that their elimination from specifi ... | 1989 | 18679854 |
| viruses and virus-like particles detected in samples from diseased game birds in great britain during 1988. | during 1988, 108 samples were received from game birds (78 from pheasants, 28 from partridges and two from quail) for virus isolation or detection; 89 being received during the june to august rearing period. the most common clinical signs resulting in the submissions were death, scour and stunting. virus or virus-like particles were detected in 51 cases, 43 as a result of direct electron microscopy of gut contents, seven by agar gel precipitin test for the presence of marble spleen disease antig ... | 1990 | 18679942 |
| intestinal iga response and immunity to rotavirus infection in normal and antibody-deficient chickens. | rotavirus inoculation by oesophageal cannulation resulted in subclinical infection without decreasing intestinal d-xylose absorption in both intact and embryonally bursectomised, antibody-deficient (ebx) 8-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens. in intact chickens, rotavirus-specific igm, igg and iga responses were detected in serum, while the intestinal antibody response consisted almost entirely of iga serum igg and intestinal iga levels were increased for at least 70 days following a single ... | 1990 | 18679983 |
| assessment of reporting bias for clostridium difficile hospitalizations, united states. | | 2008 | 18680680 |
| vp6 capsid protein of chicken rotavirus strain ch2: sequence, phylogeny and in silico antigenic analyses. | the inner capsid protein vp6 of group a rotavirus possesses group and subgroup epitope specificities. avian rotaviruses have a unique vp6 that is antigenically different from its mammalian counterpart. the lack of information on the vp6 protein of chicken rotavirus strain, ch2, at the genetic and antigenic level was a major motivation for this work. sequencing of the complete cdna of the vp6 gene of ch2, revealed a nucleotide (amino acid) identity that varied from 78.3 to 98.5% (86.4-98.2%) when ... | 2008 | 18680770 |
| [living with animals and rotavirus]. | | 2008 | 18680878 |
| a brief account of experiences leading to rotateq vaccine. | | 2008 | 18682692 |
| rotavirus infection in small bowel transplant: a histologic comparison with acute cellular rejection. | pediatric small bowel transplant recipients are susceptible to diarrhea due to rejection or infectious enteritis, particularly of viral etiology. the most common causes of viral enteritis in this setting are rotavirus, adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, and epstein-barr virus. this study is the first to compare the histologic findings of rotavirus infection with acute cellular rejection in small bowel transplant biopsies. three patients with small bowel transplants had rapid stool antigen test-proven ... | 2009 | 18684006 |
| trends in healthcare usage attributable to diarrhea, 1995-2004. | to determine current diarrhea-associated healthcare usage rates and associated sociodemographic factors. these data can be used to determine the impact of the rotavirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18692199 |
| rotavirus vaccine for developing countries. | | 2008 | 18692705 |
| rotavirus vaccine for developing countries. | | 2008 | 18692706 |
| changing distribution of human rotavirus serotypes during two epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in campinas, são paulo, brazil, 2003-2004: detection of g6 strains. | rotavirus serotypes g1-g4 and g9 are the most important agents of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. | 2008 | 18693133 |
| evaluation of ifn-gamma response to rotavirus and non-structural protein nsp4 of rotavirus in children following severe rotavirus diarrhea. | rotavirus (rv) is the commonest cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. however the natural immune mechanisms controlling and preventing rotavirus disease in humans are not fully understood. | 2008 | 18693134 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a placebo-controlled rotavirus vaccine study. | in recent years, acellular pertussis combination vaccines have facilitated compliance with and coverage of the national immunisation programme in singapore. this phase-ii study (rota-007) evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a dtpa-ipv/hib combined vaccine when co-administered with a rotavirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18695765 |
| genetic characterization of group c rotavirus isolated from a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand. | during an epidemiological survey of human rotavirus infection in chiang mai, thailand, from 2002 to 2004, in which 263 stool specimens tested, one isolate of group c rotavirus was detected from a two-year-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the human group c rotavirus, named cmh004/03, was characterized further by molecular analyses of its vp4, vp6, and vp7 gene segments as well as determination of rna pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). molecular charact ... | 2008 | 18696224 |
| detection of a porcine-like rotavirus in a child with enteritis in italy. | during a 1-year rotavirus surveillance of children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in brescia hospital, italy, a chimerical rotavirus strain, g3p[6], was detected, displaying the vp7 and vp4 genes of porcine origin and the nsp4 and vp6 genes of human origin. the reassortant nature of the virus rules out a direct zoonotic event. | 2008 | 18701665 |
| abnormal computed tomography findings among children with viral gastroenteritis and symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis. | to evaluate computed tomography (ct) findings in pediatric patients with viral gastroenteritis who presented with clinical features of acute abdomen. | 2008 | 18703990 |
| evidence of intrafamilial transmission of rotavirus in a birth cohort in south india. | transmission of rotavirus infection was studied in a birth cohort of children based in an urban slum in vellore and their familial contacts. contemporaneous samples from index patients and their familial contacts were collected for analysis in three different settings. firstly, samples were collected from familial contacts during a period of rotavirus infection in children from the cohort. secondly, on occasions when a family member had rotavirus diarrhea, samples from the cohort child were take ... | 2008 | 18712810 |
| molecular characterization of enteric viral agents from children in northern region of ghana. | viral gastrointestinal infections are among the most important causes of childhood morbidity and mortality, especially in non-industrialized countries. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, astroviruses, and enteroviruses obtained from 367 children in the northern region of ghana. one hundred and forty-two rotavirus-positive stool samples were examined. the most frequent type identified was g1p[8] occurring in 80% of the cases. ... | 2008 | 18712819 |
| molecular characterization of equine rotavirus in ireland. | group a rotaviruses are important causative agents of severe, acute dehydrating diarrhea in foals. a total of 86 rotavirus-positive fecal samples, collected from diarrheic foals from 11 counties in three of the four provinces of ireland, were obtained from the irish equine centre in kildare during a 7-year (1999 to 2005) passive surveillance study and were characterized molecularly to establish the vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) antigenic specificities. fifty-eight samples (67.5%) were found to c ... | 2008 | 18716232 |
| randomized double blinded controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bifilac in patients with acute viral diarrhea. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bifilac on reducing the episodes (frequency) and duration of diarrhea induced by rotaviral infection and to evaluate the efficacy of bifilac to ameliorate the associated symptoms like dehydration and duration of rotaviral shedding in faeces. | 2008 | 18716740 |
| a new rotavirus vaccine. | | 2008 | 18719524 |
| the post-tsunami outbreak of diarrhoeal diseases in car nicobar island, india, was caused by human group a rotavirus g2 strains. | | 2008 | 18723226 |
| consensus recommendations on immunization, 2008. | justification: there is a need to formulate recommendations regarding use of new vaccines which have become recently available/will soon be available and to review/revise recommendations about existing vaccines in light of recent information. | 2008 | 18723905 |
| detection of human enteric viruses in japanese clams. | a total of 57 clam packages that were collected from supermarkets and fish markets from 11 different sites in western japan between 8 december 2005 and 6 september 2006 were examined for human enteric viruses (i.e., norovirus, aichi virus, rotavirus, adenovirus, hepatitis a virus, and astrovirus), using pcr and reverse transcription pcr. sixty-one percent of the packages were contaminated with one type of virus, 9% had two different types of viruses, 28% had three different types of viruses, and ... | 2008 | 18724766 |
| the influence of cd4+ cd25+ foxp3+ regulatory t cells on the immune response to rotavirus infection. | rotavirus (rv) infection of the intestine is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in infants around the world. although protective immunity against rv, especially acquired b and t-cell responses, has been extensively studied, our understanding of rv immunity remains incomplete. in addition, the interaction between various protective immune mechanisms in the gut and specific enteric immune suppressor systems that normally exert a regulatory function on mucosal immunity has not been exte ... | 2008 | 18725261 |
| progress in understanding norovirus epidemiology. | noroviruses are now recognized as important causes of illness, and their incidence, impact, or both appear to have changed in recent years. this review focuses on studies that provide new knowledge needed to understand their transmission, pathogenesis, evolutionary changes and options for control. | 2008 | 18725806 |
| why does the world need another rotavirus vaccine? | a "meeting on upstream rotavirus vaccines and emerging vaccine producers" was held at the world health organization in geneva, switzerland on march 28-30, 2006. the purpose was to discuss, evaluate, and weigh the importance of additional rotavirus vaccine candidates following the successful international licensure of rotavirus vaccines by two major pharmaceutical companies (glaxosmithkline and merck) that had been in development for many years. both licensed vaccines are composed of live rotavir ... | 2008 | 18728720 |
| increase in prevalence of human group a rotavirus g9 strains as an important vp7 genotype among children in eastern india. | in addition to four globally important group a rotavirus (garv) vp7 genotypes (g1-g4), recent surveillance studies have revealed importance of g9 strains as an aetiological agent of infantile diarrhoea. | 2008 | 18755625 |
| concomitant use of the oral pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine and oral poliovirus vaccine. | the live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (prv) is well tolerated and highly efficacious against rotavirus gastroenteritis. this open-label, multicenter study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of coadministering oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) with prv. | 2008 | 18756184 |
| severe clostridium difficile-associated disease in children. | three cases of clostridium difficile-associated disease in children were detected within a short time interval. intensive therapy was required in 2 cases with colectomy in one of them. one of the severe cases was community-acquired. two patients had underlying diseases (hirschprung disease, down syndrome) and also tested positive for enteric viruses (rotavirus, calicivirus). | 2008 | 18756189 |
| [rotaviruses "target" infants, noroviruses for seniors]. | | 2008 | 18757038 |
| electrophoretic rna genomic profiles of rotavirus strains prevailing among hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in tehran, iran. | human rotavirus has now been established as the most important cause of childhood gastroenteritis worldwide. the rna genomic electrophoretic diversity of group a rotavirus strains in tehran, iran, during april 2002 through march 2005, was investigated in 1250 stool specimens. | 2008 | 18759520 |
| survey of rotavirus surveillance, laboratory capacity and disease burden in the eastern part of the who european region. | following the licensure of two rotavirus vaccines in europe, we aimed to assess factors, such as surveillance, disease burden and laboratory capacity, which will be relevant for making decisions about rotavirus vaccine introduction in the different countries. we conducted an email-based survey of the national public health bodies in the world health organization (who) european region in 2006 and report here the results from the 23 countries in the eastern part of the region. the survey included ... | 2008 | 18761887 |
| one-step quantitative rt-pcr for the detection of rotavirus in acute gastroenteritis. | the standard diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis is based on the demonstration of rotavirus antigen in stools using an enzyme immunoassay (eia). in this study, a one-step quantitative rt-pcr (q-pcr) was used for sensitive detection of rotavirus in diarrheal stools. the primers and taqman probe for the q-pcr were selected from a highly conserved region of the non-structural protein 3 (nsp3) of rotavirus. after validation, the test was applied to study rotavirus eia positive (n=25) and eia nega ... | 2008 | 18765254 |
| electrophoretic variation of avian rotavirus rna in polyacrylamide gels. | five different sorts of rna profiles (electropherogroups 1 to 5) were recognised when avian rotavirus rnas were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels. these could be distinguished from the rnas of mammalian group a, b and c rotaviruses. viruses belonging to electropherogroups 1, 2/3 and 4 were detected in chickens and viruses belonging to electropherogroups 1, 2, 3 and 5 were detected in turkeys. a minimum of three electropherogroups was recognised in each of four longitudinal surveys of broile ... | 1986 | 18766513 |
| pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in turkey poults. | the pathogenesis of rotavirus infection was examined after experimental infection of conventional and specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkey poults. in six experiments birds were exposed to turkey rotavirus isolates tu-1 or tu-2 or the chicken isolate ch-1 at 7, 10 or 42 days of age. poults were examined between 1 and 24 days post-infection (dpi) for diarrhoea, gross and histopathologic lesions, virus excretion in the intestinal tract, viral antigen in intestinal epithelial cells, and the developme ... | 1986 | 18766543 |
| cytopathic avian rotavirus isolated from duck faeces in chicken kidney cell cultures. | five cytopathic viruses morphologically resembling rotaviruses were isolated from duck faeces in chicken kidney cell cultures using conventional methods. one of the isolates, designated f-29 strain, was identified as an avian rotavirus from the following: ribonucleic acid in the viral core, virus growth in the cytoplasm, resistance to chloroform, acid and heating, partial stabilisation to molar magnesium chloride and rotavirus-like morphology by electron microscopy. by immunofluorescence, f-29 s ... | 1986 | 18766573 |
| epidemiological study of enteric viruses in broiler chickens: comparison of tissue culture and direct electron microscopy. | the intestinal and caecal contents of chickens from 102 broiler flocks affected by enteric and associated problems were analysed. the second week of life was found to be the most important in the onset of clinical signs of malabsorption shown by the presence of uneven flocks, growth retardation and enteritis problems, but one-week-old flocks frequently presented similar problems. some cases of feather aberration were observed, mainly in flocks of two weeks of age. from the third week, enteric pr ... | 1988 | 18766704 |
| routine virus isolation or detection in the diagnosis of diseases in birds. | between august 1986 and july 1987, 373 submissions for laboratory diagnosis of suspected virus diseases of birds were received. in 116 cases (31%) viruses were isolated or detected, consisting of 25 reo-viruses, 17 rotaviruses, 14 adenoviruses plus demonstration of haemorrhagic enteritis virus antigen in the spleens of 15 birds, eight pox-viruses, 19 duck enteritis herpesviruses and six other avian herpes-viruses, four duck hepatitis viruses, six other enterovirus-like isolates, two duck astrovi ... | 1988 | 18766750 |
| experimental infection of chickens with rotaviruses: clinical and virological findings. | specific-pathogen-free chickens were infected orally with two different isolates (ch 1 and 132) of chicken rotavirus. chickens aged 1, 14 and 28 days were equally susceptible to infection. following infection with either virus, the clinical signs were mild. coincident with the peak of virus excretion and for a period of 1 to 2 days, infected birds passed increased quantities of caecal droppings. at necropsy, the caeca were abnormally distended with gas and fluid. immunofluorescence showed that f ... | 1983 | 18766762 |
| isolation of rotaviruses from turkeys and chickens: demonstration of distinct serotypes and rna electropherotypes. | six isolates of rotavirus were made from turkeys and two from chickens. three of these required trypsin treatment for isolation and serial passage in cell cultures. the remainder were isolated without trypsin treatment. most of these viruses were isolated in chick embryo liver cell cultures from the faeces of birds aged under 1 week. in six of the eight instances, rotavirus isolation was associated with enteric disturbance, characterised by signs such as diarrhoea, poor or abnormal appetite, abn ... | 1980 | 18770274 |
| detection of viruses in avian faeces by direct electron microscopy. | a total of 151 specimens of turkey and chicken faeces and intestinal contents were examined for the presence of viruses by electron microscopy. viruses were detected in 48 of these specimens (32%). the most frequently observed viruses were rotaviruses and enterovirus-like particles. rotavirus infection was associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in turkeys, but symptomless rotavirus infection was seen in broiler chickens. adeno-viruses and infectious bursal disease virus were also observed in tur ... | 1979 | 18770449 |
| the studies on the aetiology of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and determination of virulence gene markers of escherichia coli strains by multiplex pcr. | the purpose of this study was to determine aetiological agents of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and to investigate virulence gene markers of escherichia coli strains isolated from calves by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr). eighty-two diarrhoeic calves and 18 healthy calves were used as subjects. faeces were taken from the rectums of all the calves and were subjected to bacterial culture. antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was performed to detect rotavirus, coronavirus and ... | 2009 | 18771515 |
| [status epilepticus associated with mild rotavirus gastroenteritis]. | convulsions with mild rotavirus gastroenteritis were first described by morooka in 1982. this is a process of convulsions and gastroenteritis without any changes in complementary tests. they are few cases out of asia and they are rarely reported in spain. | 2008 | 18775273 |
| [afebrile convulsions and acute gastroenteritis: a more common than expected combination]. | afebrile seizures in association with acute gastroenteritis without electrolyte disturbances have been reported in children from asiatic countries, but only few references are from spain. it is a benign, self-limiting process, with no specific examinations or therapy needed. there is no increased risk of epilepsy or impaired neurodevelopment in the children affected. we present five children with seizures during acute gastroenteritis admitted to hospital universitari arnau de vilanova of lleida ... | 2008 | 18775274 |
| rotavirus-associated infantile diarrhea in uberaba, minas gerais, on the wake of the brazilian vaccination program. | rotaviruses are major causes of diarrhea in children for which vaccines were developed and are currently in use. | 2008 | 18775667 |
| complications attributable to rotavirus-induced diarrhoea in a swedish paediatric population: report from an 11-year surveillance. | the aim of this retrospective observational study was to evaluate age, length of hospital stay and development of complications in children hospitalized with community- or nosocomially- acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis (rv ge). in total, medical records of 984 children with rv ge were analysed retrospectively. the median age was 13.8 months (3 weeks to 99 months) in children with community acquired rv ge (n=723) and 9.0 months (range 3 weeks to 82 months) in children with nosocomially acquired ... | 2008 | 18777248 |
| evaluation of rapid assays for the detection of bovine coronavirus, rotavirus a and cryptosporidium parvum in faecal samples of calves. | rapid immunochromatographic assays for detecting infections with bovine coronavirus (bcv), rotavirus a and cryptosporidium parvum in calf faeces were evaluated using as gold standards a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (bcv and rotavirus) and a sedimentation-flotation technique (c. parvum). rapid tests for the detection of bcv and rotavirus showed a high specificity (96.4% and 95.3%, respectively), but a relatively low sensitivity (60.0% and 71.9%, respectively). sensitivity and s ... | 2009 | 18778958 |
| [epileptic status associated with mild gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus]. | | 2008 | 18780280 |
| prospective study of etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in child care centers. | to investigate the etiology of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (age) in children attending childcare centers (cccs) in north carolina between october 2005 and march 2007. | 2009 | 18783794 |
| comparison between two severity scoring scales commonly used in the evaluation of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children. | two severity scales, the vesikari 20-point scale, and the clark 24-point scale, were recently used to evaluate rotavirus vaccines. each was used to evaluate a different vaccine. however, the two scales differ and have not been previously compared using the same patients. | 2008 | 18786584 |
| co-administration study in south african infants of a live-attenuated oral human rotavirus vaccine (rix4414) and poliovirus vaccines. | a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase ii trial (e-track 444563-014/nct00346892) was conducted in south africa to evaluate the co-administration of rix4414 (live-attenuated human g1p[8] rotavirus vaccine) and oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) administered simultaneously. healthy infants (n=450) were randomized into three groups (rix4414+opv, rix4414+ipv or placebo+opv) to receive two oral doses of rix4414/placebo with opv or ipv using two vaccination schedules (6-10 weeks and 10-14 weeks). serum a ... | 2010 | 18786585 |
| prevalence of rotavirus-induced diarrhea among children under 5 years in ilorin, nigeria. | diarrhoea disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in nigerian children and rotavirus has been identified as an important causative agent among children below 5 years. we determined the prevalence of rotavirus-induced diarrhoea among under-5 s by electrophenotyping. stool samples were collected from eligible subjects who presented with acute diarrhoea. the samples were processed for viral studies by electrophenotyping. among the 299 subjects recruited, 55.9% were positive for rot ... | 2008 | 18786984 |
| group a human rotavirus genomics: evidence that gene constellations are influenced by viral protein interactions. | group a human rotaviruses (hrvs) are the major cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children. to gain insight into the level of genetic variation among hrvs, we determined the genome sequences for 10 strains belonging to different vp7 serotypes (g types). the hrvs chosen for this study, d, ds-1, p, st3, ial28, se584, 69m, wi61, a64, and l26, were isolated from infected persons and adapted to cell culture to use as serotype references. our sequencing results revealed that mo ... | 2008 | 18786998 |
| expression of nonstructural rotavirus protein nsp4 mimics ca2+ homeostasis changes induced by rotavirus infection in cultured cells. | rotavirus infection modifies ca(2+) homeostasis, provoking an increase in ca(2+) permeation, the cytoplasmic ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)](cyto)), and total ca(2+) pools and a decrease in ca(2+) response to agonists. a glycosylated viral protein(s), nsp4 and/or vp7, may be responsible for these effects. ht29 or cos-7 cells were infected by the sa11 clone 28 strain, in which vp7 is not glycosylated, or transiently transfected with plasmids coding for nsp4-enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp ... | 2008 | 18787006 |
| human group a rotavirus p[8] hun9-like and rare op354-like strains are circulating among diarrhoeic children in eastern india. | during 2004-2006, group a rotavirus p[8] strains were the major vp4 genotype (43.2%, n = 317) among diarrhoeic children in eastern india. phylogenetic analysis of vp8* amino acid sequences of 16 of these strains with other p[8] strains revealed four distinct lineages. p[8] strains from eastern india clustered within rare op354-like and hun9-like lineages, pointing towards co-prevalence of divergent p[8] strains. although it is unclear whether the observed genetic diversity might affect to some e ... | 2008 | 18787756 |
| rotavirus infection in four states in north-western nigeria. | rotaviruses are associated with approximately 611,000 deaths worldwide and with 33,000 deaths in nigeria in children < 5 years of age annually however, limited data exit on rotavirus (rv) infection in north-western nigeria. this study surveyed rv infection in four states in northwestern nigeria. | 2008 | 18788254 |