| broadly conserved fungal effector bec1019 suppresses host cell death and enhances pathogen virulence in powdery mildew of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | the interaction of barley, hordeum vulgare l., with the powdery mildew fungus blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei is a well-developed model to investigate resistance and susceptibility to obligate biotrophic pathogens. the 130-mb blumeria genome encodes approximately 540 predicted effectors that are hypothesized to suppress or induce host processes to promote colonization. blumeria effector candidate (bec)1019, a single-copy gene encoding a putative, secreted metalloprotease, is expressed in haustor ... | 2015 | 25938194 |
| biofilm formation and cellulose expression by bordetella avium 197n, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans. | although bacterial cellulose synthase (bcs) operons are widespread within the proteobacteria phylum, subunits required for the partial-acetylation of the polymer appear to be restricted to a few γ-group soil, plant-associated and phytopathogenic pseudomonads, including pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and several pseudomonas syringae pathovars. however, a bcs operon with acetylation subunits has also been annotated in the unrelated β-group respiratory pathogen, bordetella avium 197n. our comparison ... | 2017 | 28131895 |
| ectopic expression of the wild grape wrky transcription factor vqwrky52 in arabidopsis thaliana enhances resistance to the biotrophic pathogen powdery mildew but not to the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | wrky transcription factors are known to play important roles in plant responses to biotic stresses. we previously showed that the expression of the wrky gene, vqwrky52, from chinese wild vitis quinquangularis was strongly induced 24 h post inoculation with powdery mildew. in this study, we analyzed the expression levels of vqwrky52 following treatment with the defense related hormones salicylic acid (sa) and methyl jasmonate, revealing that vqwrky52 was strongly induced by sa but not ja. we char ... | 2017 | 28197166 |
| tomato slerf.a1, slerf.b4, slerf.c3 and slerf.a3, members of b3 group of erf family, are required for resistance to botrytis cinerea. | the ethylene-responsive factors (erfs) comprise a large family of transcriptional factors that play critical roles in plant immunity. gray mold disease caused by botrytis cinerea, a typical necrotrophic fungal pathogen, is the serious disease that threatens tomato production worldwide. however, littler is known about the molecular mechanism regulating the immunity to b. cinerea in tomato. in the present study, virus-induced gene silencing (vigs)-based functional analyses of 18 members of b3 grou ... | 2016 | 28083004 |
| the elongator complex-associated protein drl1 plays a positive role in immune responses against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in arabidopsis. | deformed root and leaves1 (drl1) is an arabidopsis homologue of the yeast toxin target4 (tot4)/killer toxin-insensitive12 (kti12) protein that is physically associated with the rna polymerase ii-interacting protein complex named elongator. mutations in drl1 and elongator lead to similar morphological and molecular phenotypes, suggesting that drl1 and elongator may functionally overlap in arabidopsis. we have shown previously that elongator plays an important role in both salicylic acid (sa)- and ... | 2016 | 27868335 |
| differential control and function of arabidopsis prodh1 and prodh2 genes on infection with biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. | arabidopsis contains two proline dehydrogenase (prodh) genes, prodh1 and prodh2, encoding for homologous and functional isoenzymes. although prodh1 has been studied extensively, especially under abiotic stress, prodh2 has only started to be analysed in recent years. these genes display distinctive expression patterns and show weak transcriptional co-regulation, but are both activated in pathogen-infected tissues. we have demonstrated previously that arabidopsis plants with silenced prodh1/2 expr ... | 2016 | 27526663 |
| field demonstration of a multiplexed point-of-care diagnostic platform for plant pathogens. | effective disease management strategies to prevent catastrophic crop losses require rapid, sensitive, and multiplexed detection methods for timely decision making. to address this need, a rapid, highly specific and sensitive point-of-care method for multiplex detection of plant pathogens was developed by taking advantage of surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) labeled nanotags and recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), which is a rapid isothermal amplification method with high specifici ... | 2016 | 27403651 |
| ectopic expression of a grape aspartic protease gene, ap13, in arabidopsis thaliana improves resistance to powdery mildew but increases susceptibility to botrytis cinerea. | the grape aspartic protease gene, ap13 was previously reported to be responsive, in chinese wild vitis quinquangularis cv. 'shang-24', to infection by erysiphe necator, the causal agent of powdery mildew disease, as well as to treatment with salicylic acid in v. labrusca×v. vinifera cv. 'kyoho'. in the current study, we evaluated the expression levels of ap13 in 'shang-24' in response to salicylic acid (sa), methyl jasmonate (meja) and ethylene (et) treatments, as well as to infection by the nec ... | 2016 | 27181943 |
| immune responses induced by oligogalacturonides are differentially affected by avrpto and loss of bak1/bkk1 and pepr1/pepr2. | plants possess an innate immune system capable of restricting invasion by most potential pathogens. at the cell surface, the recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) represents the first event for the prompt mounting of an effective immune response. pathogens have evolved effectors that block mamp-triggered immunity. the pseudomonas syringae effector avrpto abolishes immunity triggered ... | 2017 | 27118426 |
| pectin biosynthesis is critical for cell wall integrity and immunity in arabidopsis thaliana. | plant cell walls are important barriers against microbial pathogens. cell walls of arabidopsis thaliana leaves contain three major types of polysaccharides: cellulose, various hemicelluloses, and pectins. udp-d-galacturonic acid, the key building block of pectins, is produced from the precursor udp-d-glucuronic acid by the action of glucuronate 4-epimerases (gaes). pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola es4326 (pma es4326) repressed expression of gae1 and gae6 in arabidopsis, and immunity to pma es4 ... | 2016 | 26813622 |
| rtp1 encodes a novel endoplasmic reticulum (er)-localized protein in arabidopsis and negatively regulates resistance against biotrophic pathogens. | oomycete pathogens cause serious damage to a wide spectrum of plants. although host pathogen recognition via pathogen effectors and cognate plant resistance proteins is well established, the genetic basis of host factors that mediate plant susceptibility to oomycete pathogens is relatively unexplored. here, we report on rtp1, a nodulin-related mtn21 family gene in arabidopsis that mediates susceptibility to phytophthora parasitica. rtp1 was identified by screening a t-dna insertion mutant popula ... | 2016 | 26484750 |
| an untargeted global metabolomic analysis reveals the biochemical changes underlying basal resistance and priming in solanum lycopersicum, and identifies 1-methyltryptophan as a metabolite involved in plant responses to botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae. | in this study, we have used untargeted global metabolomic analysis to determine and compare the chemical nature of the metabolites altered during the infection of tomato plants (cv. ailsa craig) with botrytis cinerea (bot) or pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst), pathogens that have different invasion mechanisms and lifestyles. we also obtained the metabolome of tomato plants primed using the natural resistance inducer hexanoic acid and then infected with these pathogens. by contrasting ... | 2015 | 26270176 |
| microrna844-guided downregulation of cytidinephosphate diacylglycerol synthase3 (cds3) mrna affects the response of arabidopsis thaliana to bacteria and fungi. | despite the fact that a large number of mirna sequences have been determined in diverse plant species, reports demonstrating the functional roles of mirnas in the plant response to pathogens are severely limited. here, arabidopsis thaliana mirna844 (mir844) was investigated for its functional role in the defense response to diverse pathogens. transgenic arabidopsis plants overexpressing mir844 (35s::mir844) displayed much more severe disease symptoms than the wild-type plants when challenged wit ... | 2015 | 25775269 |
| the synthetic cationic lipid dic14 activates a sector of the arabidopsis defence network requiring endogenous signalling components. | natural and synthetic elicitors have contributed significantly to the study of plant immunity. pathogen-derived proteins and carbohydrates that bind to immune receptors, allow the fine dissection of certain defence pathways. lipids of a different nature that act as defence elicitors, have also been studied, but their specific effects have been less well characterized, and their receptors have not been identified. in animal cells, nanoliposomes of the synthetic cationic lipid 3-tetradecylamino-te ... | 2015 | 25727690 |
| bcgs1, a glycoprotein from botrytis cinerea, elicits defence response and improves disease resistance in host plants. | in this study, a necrosis-inducing protein was purified from the culture filtrate of the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea bc-98 strain. secreted proteins were collected and fractionated by liquid chromatography. the fraction with the highest necrosis-inducing activity was further purified. a glycoprotein named bcgs1 was identified by 2d electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. the bcgs1 protein consisted of 672 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 70.487 kda. functional domain an ... | 2015 | 25613865 |
| vitamin b6 contributes to disease resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 and botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana. | vitamin b6 (vb6) is an important cofactor for numerous enzymatic reactions and plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. however, direct molecular evidence supporting a role for vb6 in plant disease resistance remains lacking. in this study, we explored the possible function of vb6 in disease resistance by analyzing disease phenotypes of arabidopsis mutants with defects in de novo biosynthetic pathway and salvage pathway of vb6 biosynthesis against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst ... | 2015 | 25460872 |
| the mitochondrial outer membrane aaa atpase atom66 affects cell death and pathogen resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | one of the most stress-responsive genes encoding a mitochondrial protein in arabidopsis (at3g50930) has been annotated as atbcs1 (cytochrome bc1 synthase 1), but was previously functionally uncharacterised. here, we show that the protein encoded by at3g50930 is present as a homo-multimeric protein complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane and lacks the bcs1 domain present in yeast and mammalian bcs1 proteins, with the sequence similarity restricted to the aaa atpase domain. thus we propose to ... | 2014 | 25227923 |
| tomato wrky transcriptional factor sldrw1 is required for disease resistance against botrytis cinerea and tolerance to oxidative stress. | wrky proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, only a few of tomato wrkys have been studied for their biological functions. in the present study, we identified a botrytis cinerea-responsive wrky gene sldrw1 (solanum lycopersicumdefense-related wrky1) from tomato. sldrw1 is a nucleus localized protein with transactivation activity in yeast. expression of sldrw1 was significantly induced by b. cin ... | 2014 | 25219316 |
| microrna400-guided cleavage of pentatricopeptide repeat protein mrnas renders arabidopsis thaliana more susceptible to pathogenic bacteria and fungi. | although a large number of micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in different plant species, the functional roles and targets of the majority of mirnas have not yet been determined. here, arabidopsis thaliana mirna400 (mir400) was investigated for its functional role in the defense response to diverse pathogens. transgenic arabidopsis plants that overexpress mir400 (35s::mir400) displayed much more severe disease symptoms than the wild-type plants when infected with the bacterium pseudomonas s ... | 2014 | 25008976 |
| raphanusanin-mediated resistance to pathogens is light dependent in radish and arabidopsis thaliana. | raphanusanin (ra) is a light-induced inhibitor of hypocotyl growth that responds to unilateral blue light illumination in radish seedlings. we have previously shown that ra regulates genes that are involved in common defense mechanisms. many genes that are induced by ra are also positively regulated by early blue light. to extend the understanding of the role of ra in pathogen defense, we evaluated the effects of ra on radish and arabidopsis thaliana (a. thaliana) infected with the necrotrophic ... | 2014 | 24923677 |
| cucumber pti1-l is a cytoplasmic protein kinase involved in defense responses and salt tolerance. | homologs of the cytoplasmic protein kinase pti1 are found in diverse plant species. a clear role of pti1 in plant defense response has not been established. we identified a pti1 homolog in cucumber (cspti1-l). cspti1-l expression was induced when cucumber plants were challenged with the fungal pathogen sphaerotheca fuliginea or with salt treatment. cspti1-l expression in cucumber leaves also was induced by methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. cspti1-l exhibited autophosphorylatio ... | 2014 | 24877673 |
| circadian regulation of plant immunity to pathogens. | the plant circadian clock primes the immune response of arabidopsis thaliana to infection with the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) such that there is a more robust response during the subjective day than subjective night. thus pst dc3000 growth in plants infected with the same initial titre of bacteria varies depending on the time of day of infection (bhardwaj et al., plos one 6: e26968, 2011; zhang et al., plos pathog 9:e1003370, 2013). we describe here a p ... | 2014 | 24792058 |
| methods to study pamp-triggered immunity in brassica species. | the first layer of active defense in plants is based on the perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) leading to pamp-triggered immunity (pti). pti is increasingly being investigated in crop plants, where it may have potential to provide durable disease resistance in the field. limiting this work, however, is an absence of reliable bioassays to investigate pamp responses in some species. here, we present a series of methods to investigate pti in brassica napus. the assays allo ... | 2014 | 24156768 |
| [antimicrobial activities of ant ponericin w1 against plant pathogens in vitro and the disease resistance in its transgenic arabidopsis]. | the antimicrobial peptides (amps) exhibit a broad antimicrobial spectrum. the application of amps from non-plant organisms attracts considerable attention in plant disease resistance engineering. ponericin w1, isolated from the venom of ant (pachycondyla goeldii), shows antimicrobial activities against gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and the budding yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae); however, it is not clear whether ponericin w1 is effective against plant pathogens. the results of ... | 2013 | 23956091 |
| expression of antimicrobial peptides thanatin(s) in transgenic arabidopsis enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria. | thanatin(s) is an analog of thanatin, an insect antimicrobial peptide possessing strong and broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. in order to investigate if the thanatin could be used in engineering transgenic plants for increased resistance against phytopathogens, the synthetic thanatin(s) was introduced into arabidopsis thaliana plants. to increase the expression level of thanatin(s) in plants, the coding sequence was optimized by plant-preference codon. to avoid cellular protease degradat ... | 2013 | 23820081 |
| a mutation in the expansin-like a2 gene enhances resistance to necrotrophic fungi and hypersensitivity to abiotic stress in arabidopsis thaliana. | expansins are cell wall loosening agents, known for their endogenous function in cell wall extensibility. the arabidopsis expansin-like a2 (exla2) gene was identified by its down-regulation in response to infection by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea, and by the reduced susceptibility of an exla2 mutant to the same pathogen. the exla2 mutant was equally susceptible to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, but was more resistant to the necrotrophic fungus alternaria brassicicola, when compar ... | 2013 | 23782466 |
| bioassays for assessing jasmonate-dependent defenses triggered by pathogens, herbivorous insects, or beneficial rhizobacteria. | jasmonates, together with other plant hormones, are important orchestrators of the plant immune system. the different hormone-controlled signaling pathways cross-communicate in an antagonistic or a synergistic manner, providing the plant with a powerful capacity to finely regulate its immune response. jasmonic acid (ja) signaling is required for plant resistance to harmful organisms, such as necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects. furthermore, ja signaling is essential in interactions of ... | 2013 | 23615986 |
| functional analysis of endo-1,4-β-glucanases in response to botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae reveals their involvement in plant-pathogen interactions. | plant cell wall modification is a critical component in stress responses. endo-1,4-β-glucanases (egs) take part in cell wall editing processes, e.g. elongation, ripening and abscission. here we studied the infection response of solanum lycopersicum and arabidopsis thaliana with impaired egs. transgenic tomcel1 and tomcel2 tomato antisense plants challenged with pseudomonas syringae showed higher susceptibility, callose priming and increased jasmonic acid pathway marker gene expression. these two ... | 2013 | 23528138 |
| the botrytis cinerea cerato-platanin bcspl1 is a potent inducer of systemic acquired resistance (sar) in tobacco and generates a wave of salicylic acid expanding from the site of application. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a potent plant defence system that, in response to a first contact with a plant pathogen, prepares the whole plant for subsequent attacks, so that it becomes more resistant to the same and to other pathogens. bcspl1, a cerato-platanin family protein abundantly secreted by botrytis cinerea, is required for full virulence and elicits the hypersensitive response in the host. here, we report that bcspl1 is also able to induce in tobacco systemic resistance to tw ... | 2013 | 23072280 |
| different roles of glycine-rich rna-binding protein7 in plant defense against pectobacterium carotovorum, botrytis cinerea, and tobacco mosaic viruses. | glycine-rich rna-binding protein7 (atgrp7) has previously been demonstrated to confer plant defense against pseudomonas syringae dc3000. here, we show that atgrp7 can play different roles in plant defense against diverse pathogens. atgrp7 enhances resistance against a necrotrophic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum scc1 or a biotrophic virus tobacco mosaic virus. by contrast, atgrp7 plays a negative role in defense against a necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea. these results provide evidence ... | 2012 | 22902796 |
| up-regulation of antioxidants in tobacco by low concentrations of h₂o₂ suppresses necrotic disease symptoms. | pretreatment of tobacco leaves with low concentrations (5 to 10 mm) of h₂o₂ suppressed hypersensitive-type necrosis associated with resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) or pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. the same pretreatment resulted in suppression of normosensitive necrosis associated with susceptibility to botrytis cinerea. this type of h₂o₂-mediated, induced disease symptom resistance correlated with enhanced host antioxidant capacity, i.e., elevated enzymatic activities of catala ... | 2012 | 22646244 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the self-transmissible tol plasmid pd2rt provides new insight into arrangement of toluene catabolic plasmids. | in the present study we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the toluene catabolic plasmid pd2rt of pseudomonas migulae strain d2rt isolated from baltic sea water. the pd2rt is 129,894 base pairs in size with an average g+c content of 53.75%. a total of 135 open reading frames (orfs) were predicted to encode proteins, among them genes for catabolism of toluene, plasmid replication, maintenance and conjugative transfer. orfs encoding proteins with putative functions in stress response, tran ... | 2013 | 24095800 |
| viral protein suppresses oxidative burst and salicylic acid-dependent autophagy and facilitates bacterial growth on virus-infected plants. | virus interactions with plant silencing and innate immunity pathways can potentially alter the susceptibility of virus-infected plants to secondary infections with nonviral pathogens. we found that arabidopsis plants infected with cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) or transgenic for camv silencing suppressor p6 exhibit increased susceptibility to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) and allow robust growth of the pst mutant hrcc-, which cannot deploy effectors to suppress innate immunity. the impa ... | 2016 | 27120694 |
| drimendiol, a drimane sesquiterpene with quorum sensing inhibition activity. | quorum sensing (qs) is a regulatory mechanism that enables bacteria to make collective decisions such as an increase in virulence factors and biofilm production. inhibitors of qs are important research tools in the discovery of new potential anti-bacterial agents. polygodial, drimenol and drimendiol are drimane sesquiterpenoids isolated from drimys winteri, a chilean native tree. their qs activity, when tested on chromobacterium violaceum atcc 12472, showed that drimendiol is an inhibitor of qs, ... | 2013 | 23513712 |
| natural phenolic metabolites from endophytic aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs with antimicrobial activity. | prompted by the pressing necessity to conquer phytopathogenic infections, the antimicrobial compounds were characterized with bioassay-guided method from the ethanol extract derived from the solid-substrate fermentation of aspergillus sp. ifb-yxs, an endophytic fungus residing in the apparently healthy leave of ginkgo biloba l. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and mechanism(s) of these bioactive compounds against phytopathogens. among the compounds, xanthoascin (1) ... | 2015 | 26004581 |
| infection processes of xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria: possible explanations for the scarcity of qualitative disease resistance genes against them in crops. | disease resistance against xylem-colonizing pathogenic bacteria in crops. plant pathogenic bacteria cause destructive diseases in many commercially important crops. among these bacteria, eight pathogens, ralstonia solanacearum, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, x. campestris pv. campestris, erwinia amylovora, pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, and xylella fastidiosa, infect their host plants through different infe ... | 2015 | 25917599 |
| treatment of amaranthus cruentus with chemical and biological inducers of resistance has contrasting effects on fitness and protection against compatible gram positive and gram negative bacterial pathogens. | amaranthus cruentus (ac) plants were treated with the synthetic systemic acquired resistance (sar) inducer benzothiadiazole (bth), methyl jasmonate (meja) and the incompatible pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (pss), under greenhouse conditions. the treatments induced a set of marker genes in the absence of pathogen infection: bth and pss similarly induced genes coding for pathogenesis-related and antioxidant proteins, whereas meja induced the arginase, lox2 and amarandin 1 genes. bth ... | 2014 | 24913050 |
| biotechnological and safety characterization of enterococcus lactis, a recently described species of dairy origin. | the biotechnological and safety properties of a recently described enterococcal species, enterococcus lactis, were investigated. with regard to the technological properties, in milk all the strains tested had weak acidifying and proteolytic activities, generally medium reduction activity over 24 h (-102 mv < eh < -2 mv) and low lipolytic activity on tributyrin agar. the isolates were tested for resistance against 14 antibiotics and none of the studied strains were classified as resistant to clin ... | 2013 | 22961639 |
| design, synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from bpc194 as novel agents for plant protection. | the search for novel antimicrobial agents to be used for plant protection has prompted us to design analogues incorporating non-natural amino acids. herein, we designed and synthesized cyclic peptidotriazoles derived from the lead antimicrobial cyclic peptide c(lys-lys-leu(3) -lys-lys(5) -phe-lys-lys-leu-gln) (bpc194). in particular, leu(3) and lys(5) were replaced by a triazolyl alanine, a triazolyl norleucine or a triazolyl lysine. these peptides were screened for their antibacterial activity ... | 2016 | 28026016 |
| biological relevance of volatile organic compounds emitted during the pathogenic interactions between apple plants and erwinia amylovora. | volatile organic compounds emitted during the infection of apple (malus pumila var. domestica) plants by erwinia amylovora or pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry, and used to treat uninfected plants. infected plants showed a disease-specific emission of volatile organic compounds, including several bio-active compounds, such as hexenal isomers and 2,3-butanediol. leaf growth promotion and a higher r ... | 2016 | 27862864 |
| the bile acid deoxycholate elicits defences in arabidopsis and reduces bacterial infection. | disease has an effect on crop yields, causing significant losses. as the worldwide demand for agricultural products increases, there is a need to pursue the development of new methods to protect crops from disease. one mechanism of plant protection is through the activation of the plant immune system. by exogenous application, 'plant activator molecules' with elicitor properties can be used to activate the plant immune system. these defence-inducing molecules represent a powerful and often envir ... | 2017 | 27085087 |
| hrpg and hrpv proteins from the type iii secretion system of erwinia amylovora form a stable heterodimer. | bacterial type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are specialized multicomponent nanomachines that mediate the transport of proteins either to extracellular locations or directly into eukaryotic host cell cytoplasm. erwinia amylovora, the main agent of rosaceous plants fireblight disease, employs an hrp/hrc1 t3ss to accomplish its pathogenesis. the regulatory network that controls the activation of this t3ss is largely unknown in e. amylovora. however, in pseudomonas syringae pathovars, the hrpg/hrpv ... | 2015 | 25790492 |
| [erwinia amylovora--the fire blight pathogen of trees in ukraine]. | niduses of fire blight of fruit and ornamental trees have been found in the kyiv and vinnitsa regions of ukraine. pathogen erwinia amylovora was isolated between april and october. the pathogen was often accompanied by bacteria pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. artificial infection with a mixture of bacteria e. amylovora and p. syringae pv. syringae accelerates and enhances the disease process in the laboratory. | 2014 | 25199342 |
| antimicrobial peptides against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and erwinia amylovora: chemical synthesis, secondary structure, efficacy, and mechanistic investigations. | we report on structurally modified dodecapeptide amides (kyklfkkilkfl-nh2) and two analogs of a hexapeptide amide (wrwycr-nh2) with antibacterial activity against the gram negative pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) and erwinia amylovora (ea). dodecapeptide minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranged from 3.2 to 15.4 µm, with the unmodified peptide being the most potent against both pathogens. the unmodified dodecapeptide also had 32-58% α-helicity in membrane mimetic enviro ... | 2014 | 24122768 |
| the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora requires the rpon gene for pathogenicity in apple. | rpon is a σ(54) factor regulating essential virulence gene expression in several plant pathogenic bacteria, including pseudomonas syringae and pectobacterium carotovorum. in this study, we found that mutation of rpon in the fire blight pathogen erwinia amylovora caused a nonpathogenic phenotype. the e. amylovora rpon tn5 transposon mutant rpon1250::tn5 did not cause fire blight disease symptoms on shoots of mature apple trees. in detached immature apple fruits, the rpon1250::tn5 mutant failed to ... | 2013 | 23721085 |
| gene-for-gene relationship in the host-pathogen system malus × robusta 5-erwinia amylovora. | fire blight is a destructive bacterial disease caused by erwinia amylovora affecting plants in the family rosaceae, including apple. host resistance to fire blight is present mainly in accessions of malus spp. and is thought to be quantitative in this pathosystem. in this study we analyzed the importance of the e. amylovora effector avrrpt2(ea) , a homolog of pseudomonas syringae avrrpt2, for resistance of malus × robusta 5 (mr5). the deletion mutant e. amylovora ea1189δavrrpt2(ea) was able to o ... | 2013 | 23301854 |
| pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi: some like it knot. | pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi is the causal agent of olive (olea europaea) knot disease and an unorthodox member of the p. syringae complex, causing aerial tumours instead of the foliar necroses and cankers characteristic of most members of this complex. olive knot is present wherever olive is grown; although losses are difficult to assess, it is assumed that olive knot is one of the most important diseases of the olive crop. the last century witnessed a large number of scientific articl ... | 2012 | 22805238 |
| functional display of ice nucleation protein inaz on the surface of bacterial ghosts. | in a concept study the ability to induce heterogeneous ice formation by bacterial ghosts (bgs) from escherichia coli carrying ice nucleation protein inaz from pseudomonas syringae in their outer membrane was investigated by a droplet-freezing assay of ultra-pure water. as determined by the median freezing temperature and cumulative ice nucleation spectra it could be demonstrated that both the living recombinant e. coli and their corresponding bgs functionally display inaz on their surface. under ... | 2017 | 28121482 |
| negative autogenous control of the master type iii secretion system regulator hrpl in pseudomonas syringae. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a principal virulence determinant of the model bacterial plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae t3ss effector proteins inhibit plant defense signaling pathways in susceptible hosts and elicit evolved immunity in resistant plants. the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor hrpl coordinates the expression of most t3ss genes. transcription of hrpl is dependent on sigma-54 and the codependent enhancer binding proteins hrpr and hrps for hrpl promoter activation. h ... | 2017 | 28119474 |
| biochemical and spectroscopic characterization of the non-heme fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent ethylene-forming enzyme from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2. | the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola pk2 is a member of the mononuclear non-heme fe(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2og)-dependent oxygenase superfamily. this enzyme is reported to simultaneously catalyze the conversion of 2og into ethylene and three co2 molecules and the cδ hydroxylation of l-arginine (l-arg) while oxidatively decarboxylating 2og to form succinate and carbon dioxide. a new plasmid construct for expression in recombinant escherichia coli cells al ... | 2016 | 27749027 |
| novel properties of γ-glutamyltransferase from pseudomonas syringae with β-aspartyltransferase activity. | gene cloning, purification, and characterization of γ-glutamyltransferase from pseudomonas syringae (psggt) were performed in escherichia coli. | 2015 | 26149579 |
| a set of robust fluorescent peptide probes for quantification of cu(ii) binding affinities in the micromolar to femtomolar range. | reliable quantification of copper binding affinities and identification of the binding sites provide a molecular basis for an understanding of the nutritional roles and toxic effects of copper ions. sets of chromophoric probes are now available that can quantify cu(i) binding affinities from nanomolar to attomolar concentrations on a unified scale under in vitro conditions. equivalent probes for cu(ii) are lacking. this work reports development of a set of four fluorescent dansyl peptide probes ... | 2015 | 25715324 |
| ethylene-producing bacteria that ripen fruit. | ethylene is a plant hormone widely used to ripen fruit. however, the synthesis, handling, and storage of ethylene are environmentally harmful and dangerous. we engineered e. coli to produce ethylene through the activity of the ethylene-forming enzyme (efe) from pseudomonas syringae. efe converts a citric acid cycle intermediate, 2-oxoglutarate, to ethylene in a single step. the production of ethylene was placed under the control of arabinose and blue light responsive regulatory systems. the resu ... | 2014 | 25393892 |
| pepper pathogenesis-related protein 4c is a plasma membrane-localized cysteine protease inhibitor that is required for plant cell death and defense signaling. | xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (xcv) type iii effector avrbst triggers programmed cell death (pcd) and activates the hypersensitive response (hr) in plants. here, we isolated and identified the plasma membrane localized pathogenesis-related (pr) protein 4c gene (capr4c) from pepper (capsicum annuum) leaves undergoing avrbst-triggered hr cell death. capr4c encodes a protein with a signal peptide and a barwin domain. recombinant capr4c protein expressed in escherichia coli exhibited cystei ... | 2015 | 25335438 |
| construction of a dual fluorescence whole-cell biosensor to detect n-acyl homoserine lactones. | detection of n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) is useful for understanding quorum sensing (qs) behaviors, including biofilm formation, virulence and metabolism. for detecting ahls and indicating the host cells in situ, we constructed the plasmid pucgma2t(1-4) to make a dual fluorescent whole-cell biosensor based on the ahlir ahl system of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a. the plasmid contains three components: constitutively expressed p(npatii::gfp) for indicating host cells, p(ahli::mche ... | 2014 | 25076533 |
| psasm2i, a type ii restriction-modification system in pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi: differential distribution of carrier strains in the environment and the evolutionary history of homologous rm systems in the pseudomonas syringae complex. | a type ii restriction-modification system was found in a native plasmid of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi mlli2. functional analysis of the methyltransferase showed that the enzyme acts by protecting the dna sequence ctgcag from cleavage. restriction endonuclease expression in recombinant escherichia coli cells resulted in mutations in the rease sequence or transposition of insertion sequence 1a in the coding sequence, preventing lethal gene expression. population screening detected homol ... | 2014 | 25008981 |
| high-throughput assay of levansucrase variants in search of feasible catalysts for the synthesis of fructooligosaccharides and levan. | bacterial levansucrases polymerize fructose residues of sucrose to β-2,6 linked fructans-fructooligosaccharides (fos) and levan. while β-2,1-linked fos are widely recognized as prebiotics, the health-related effects of β-2,6 linked fos are scarcely studied as they are not commercially available. levansucrase lsc3 (lsc-3) of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato has very high catalytic activity and stability making it a promising biotechnological catalyst for fos and levan synthesis. in this study we e ... | 2014 | 24955639 |
| expression and localization of an ice nucleating protein from a soil bacterium, pseudomonas borealis. | an ice nucleating protein (inp) coding region with 66% sequence identity to the inp of pseudomonas syringae was previously cloned from p. borealis, a plant beneficial soil bacterium. ice nucleating activity (ina) in the p. borealis dl7 strain was highest after transfer of cultures to temperatures just above freezing. the corresponding inp coding sequence (inapb or ina) was used to construct recombinant plasmids, with recombinant expression visualized using a green fluorescent protein marker (gfp ... | 2014 | 24930584 |
| combining de ley-doudoroff and methylerythritol phosphate pathways for enhanced isoprene biosynthesis from d-galactose. | an engineered escherichia coli strain was developed for enhanced isoprene production using d-galactose as substrate. isoprene is a valuable compound that can be biosynthetically produced from pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (g3p) through the methylerythritol phosphate pathway (mep). the leloir and de ley-doudoroff (dd) pathways are known existing routes in e. coli that can supply the mep precursors from d-galactose. the dd pathway was selected as it is capable of supplying equimolar amou ... | 2014 | 24928200 |
| antibacterial activities of ligaria cuneifolia and jodina rhombifolia leaf extracts against phytopathogenic and clinical bacteria. | six plant extracts prepared from ligaria cuneifolia and jodina rhombifolia were screened for their potential antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens and clinically standard reference bacterial strains. bioautography and broth microdilution methods were used to study samples antibacterial activities against 7 bacterial strains. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of samples were attained. an antibacterial activity guided isolation an ... | 2014 | 24894684 |
| pseudomonas syringae cc1557: a highly virulent strain with an unusually small type iii effector repertoire that includes a novel effector. | both type iii effector proteins and nonribosomal peptide toxins play important roles for pseudomonas syringae pathogenicity in host plants, but whether and how these pathways interact to promote infection remains unclear. genomic evidence from one clade of p. syringae suggests a tradeoff between the total number of type iii effector proteins and presence of syringomycin, syringopeptin, and syringolin a toxins. here, we report the complete genome sequence from p. syringae cc1557, which contains t ... | 2014 | 24835253 |
| [construction of cell surface display system in lactic acid bacteria by using ice nucleation protein]. | the gene of ice nucleation protein (inp), an outer membrane of pseudomonas syringae was tested to display foreign proteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis. | 2013 | 23858715 |
| metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for biosynthesis of d-galactonate. | d-galactose is an attractive substrate for bioconversion. herein, escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to convert d-galactose into d-galactonate, a valuable compound in the polymer and cosmetic industries. d-galactonate productions by engineered e. coli strains were observed in shake flask cultivations containing 2 g l(-1) d-galactose. engineered e. coli expressing gld coding for galactose dehydrogenase from pseudomonas syringae was able to produce 0.17 g l(-1) d-galactonate. inherent m ... | 2014 | 23820824 |
| mutational analysis of conserved regions harboring catalytic triad residues of the levansucrase protein encoded by the lsc-3 gene (lsc3) of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000. | levansucrase encoded by the lsc-3 (lsc3) gene at genomic locus psptoa0032 of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 was mutationally analyzed. altogether, 18 single-amino-acid mutants of 13 positions of lsc3 were studied for catalytic properties, including production of fructooligosaccharides (fos). asp62, asp219, and glu303 were proved as members of the catalytic triad. respective alanine replacement mutants were practically inactive with their kcat values reduced up to ∼130,000 times. addition ... | 2014 | 23725335 |
| cloning and heterologous overexpression of three gap genes encoding different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from the plant pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000. | the gammaproteobacterium pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 is the causal agent of bacterial speck, a common disease of tomato. the mode of infection of this pathogen is not well understood, but according to molecular biological, genomic and proteomic data it produces a number of proteins that may promote infection and draw nutrients from the plant. glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) is a major enzyme of carbon metabolism that was reported to be a surface antigen and virulence ... | 2013 | 23507306 |
| expression and surface display of cellulomonas endoglucanase in the ethanologenic bacterium zymobacter palmae. | in order to reduce the cost of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass, we developed a tool for cell surface display of cellulolytic enzymes on the ethanologenic bacterium zymobacter palmae. z. palmae is a novel ethanol-fermenting bacterium capable of utilizing a broad range of sugar substrates, but not cellulose. therefore, to express and display heterologous cellulolytic enzymes on the z. palmae cell surface, we utilized the cell-surface display motif of the pseudomonas ice nucleati ... | 2012 | 23053081 |
| direct cloning, genetic engineering, and heterologous expression of the syringolin biosynthetic gene cluster in e. coli through red/et recombineering. | the reconstruction of a natural product biosynthetic pathway from bacteria in a vector and subsequent heterologous expression in a technically amenable microbial system represents an efficient alternative to empirical traditional methods for functional discovery, yield improvement, and genetic engineering to produce "unnatural" derivatives. however, the traditional cloning procedure based on genomic library construction and screening are complicated due to the large size (>10 kb) of most biosynt ... | 2012 | 22851214 |
| surface display of organophosphorus hydrolase on e. coli using n-terminal domain of ice nucleation protein inav. | recombinant escherichia coli displaying organophosphorus hydrolase (oph) was used to overcome the diffusion barrier limitation of organophosphorus pesticides. a new anchor system derived from the n-terminal domain of ice-nucleation protein from pseudomonas syringae inav (inav-n) was used to display oph onto the surface. the designed sequence was cloned in the vector pet-28a(+) and then was expressed in e. coli. tracing of the expression location of the recombinant protein using sds-page showed t ... | 2012 | 22370355 |
| the pseef efflux system is a virulence factor of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. | an atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter, called the pseef efflux system, was identified at the left border of the syr-syp genomic island of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain b301d. the pseef efflux system was located within a 3.3-kb operon that encodes a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (psee), and an abc-type cytoplasmic membrane protein (psef). the pseef efflux system exhibited amino acid homology to a putative abc efflux system (macab) of e. coli w3104 with identities of 47.2% (i. ... | 2012 | 22367941 |
| inducible nad overproduction in arabidopsis alters metabolic pools and gene expression correlated with increased salicylate content and resistance to pst-avrrpm1. | plant development and function are underpinned by redox reactions that depend on co-factors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (nad). nad has recently been shown to be involved in several signalling pathways that are associated with stress tolerance or defence responses. however, the mechanisms by which nad influences plant gene regulation, metabolism and physiology still remain unclear. here, we took advantage of arabidopsis thaliana lines that overexpressed the nadc gene from e. coli, w ... | 2012 | 22268572 |
| enhanced antifungal and insect α-amylase inhibitory activities of alpha-tvd1, a peptide variant of tephrosia villosa defensin (tvd1) generated through in vitro mutagenesis. | tvd1 is a small, cationic, and highly stable defensin from the weedy legume, tephrosia villosa with demonstrated in vitro antifungal activity. we show here peptide modifications in tvd1 that lead to enhanced antifungal activities. three peptide variants, s32r, d37r, and alpha-tvd1 (-g-m-t-r-t-) with variations in and around the β2-β3 loop region that imposes the two β-strands, β2 and β3 were generated through in vitro mutagenesis. alpha-tvd1 exhibited enhanced antifungal activity against the fun ... | 2012 | 22244814 |
| involvement of the salicylic acid signaling pathway in the systemic resistance induced in arabidopsis by plant growth-promoting fungus fusarium equiseti gf19-1. | plant growth-promoting fungi (pgpf) are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soil-borne diseases and are known for their ability to trigger induced systemic resistance (isr). in this study, we investigated the mechanisms triggered by pgpf fusarium equiseti gf19-1, which is known to increase pathogen resistance in plants, by using gf19-1 spores and the culture filtrate (cf) to treat the roots of arabidopsis thaliana. subsequently, the leaves were challenged with pseudomonas syringae pv tom ... | 2013 | 23728333 |
| pea genes associated with non-host disease resistance to fusarium are also active in race-specific disease resistance to pseudomonas. | a given plant species is able to resist most of the potentially pathogenic microorganisms with which it comes in contact. this phenomenon, known as non-host resistance, can be overcome only by a very small number of 'true pathogens' which can use that plant as a host. in some cases, plants have developed mechanisms for overcoming infection by specific races or strains of a true pathogen. this race-specific resistance can be easily manipulated into agronomically important cultivars by plant breed ... | 1987 | 24301193 |
| molecular soybean-pathogen interactions. | soybean hosts a wide variety of pathogens that cause significant yield losses. the importance of soybean as a major oilseed crop has led to research focused on its interactions with pathogens, such as soybean mosaic virus, pseudomonas syringae, phytophthora sojae, phakopsora pachyrhizi, and heterodera glycines. pioneering work on soybean's interactions with these organisms, which represent the five major pathogen groups (viruses, bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, and nematodes), has contributed to our ... | 2016 | 27359370 |
| the arabidopsis immune regulator srfr1 dampens defences against herbivory by spodoptera exigua and parasitism by heterodera schachtii. | plants have developed diverse mechanisms to fine tune defence responses to different types of enemy. cross-regulation between signalling pathways may allow the prioritization of one response over another. previously, we identified suppressor of rps4-rld1 (srfr1) as a negative regulator of enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1)-dependent effector-triggered immunity against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain dc3000 expressing avrrps4. the use of multiple stresses is a p ... | 2016 | 26310916 |
| the arabidopsis leaf transcriptome reveals distinct but also overlapping responses to colonization by phyllosphere commensals and pathogen infection with impact on plant health. | plants are colonized by a variety of bacteria, most of which are not pathogenic. currently, the plant responses to phyllosphere commensals or to pathogen infection in the presence of commensals are not well understood. here, we examined the transcriptional response of arabidopsis thaliana leaves to colonization by common commensal bacteria in a gnotobiotic system using rna sequencing and conducted plant mutant assays. arabidopsis responded differently to the model bacteria sphingomonas melonis f ... | 2016 | 27306148 |
| metabolic footprint of epiphytic bacteria on arabidopsis thaliana leaves. | the phyllosphere, which is defined as the parts of terrestrial plants above the ground, is a large habitat for different microorganisms that show a high extent of adaption to their environment. a number of hypotheses were generated by culture-independent functional genomics studies to explain the competitiveness of specialized bacteria in the phyllosphere. in contrast, in situ data at the metabolome level as a function of bacterial colonization are lacking. here, we aimed to obtain new insights ... | 2016 | 26305156 |
| biocontrol activity of paenibacillus polymyxa ac-1 against pseudomonas syringae and its interaction with arabidopsis thaliana. | paenibacillus polymyxa ac-1 (ac-1) is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgpr) that has been used as a soil inoculant for biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi and to promote plant growth. in this study, we examine the effects of ac-1 on the bacterial phytopathogen pseudomonas syringae and internal colonization of ac-1 by counting bacterial populations that colonize plants. ac-1 inhibited the growth of both p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst) and p. syringae pv. tabaci (pta) in a concentrat ... | 2016 | 26946374 |
| investigations into the biosynthesis, regulation, and self-resistance of toxoflavin in pseudomonas protegens pf-5. | pseudomonas spp. are prolific producers of natural products from many structural classes. here we show that the soil bacterium pseudomonas protegens pf-5 is capable of producing trace levels of the triazine natural product toxoflavin (1) under microaerobic conditions. we evaluated toxoflavin production by derivatives of pf-5 with deletions in specific biosynthesis genes, which led us to propose a revised biosynthetic pathway for toxoflavin that shares the first two steps with riboflavin biosynth ... | 2015 | 26077901 |
| [the sensitivity of phytopathogenic bacteria to streptomycin under the influence of pesticides]. | the results of the streptomycin sensitivity changes of phytopathogenic pseudomonas syringae and xanthomonas translucens bacteria under the action of pesticides are pre- sented. it is demonstrated that phytopathogenic strains show greater changes of strepto- mycin sensitivity compared to epiphytic pantoea agglomerans strain under the pesticides influence. granstar herbicide, tviks and alpha super insecticides increase the number of streptomycin resistant cells of xanthomonas translucens 3164, p s ... | 2016 | 26829841 |
| resident bacteria on leaves enhance survival of immigrant cells of salmonella enterica. | although salmonella enterica apparently has comparatively low epiphytic fitness on plants, external factors that would influence its ability to survive on plants after contamination would be of significance in the epidemiology of human diseases caused by this human pathogen. viable population sizes of s. enterica applied to plants preinoculated with pseudomonas syringae or either of two erwinia herbicola strains was ≥10-fold higher than that on control plants that were not precolonized by such i ... | 2013 | 23506362 |
| [species composition of agents of the horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) bacteriosises]. | bacterial diseases of weeds horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) were revealed in the crops of wheat and soya in the fields of kyiv and vinnitsia regions of ukraine. the distinctive symptoms of bacterial affections on the root neck, on stalks of vegetative and spore shoots, on twigs were brown, dark brown or almost black necrotic spots of oblong form. the necroses increased in size, embraced the stalks. the stalks broke, the plants dried up. patterns of affected plants, isolated and identifie ... | 2012 | 22830194 |
| identification and population dynamics of bacteria in leaf spots of soybean. | the qualitative and quantitative composition of bacterial flora occurring inside the leaf spots of field grown soybeans was studied during the growing seasons (june to october) of 1989 and 1990. as a rule these leaf spots (necrotic lesions with chlorotic haloes) were caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. this pathogenic bacterium was predominantly found during the whole season in the symptomatic leaf tissue. other species, mainly erwinia herbicola, were also found in the same habitat. the ... | 1992 | 24193209 |
| composition of the microflora of witloof chicory seeds. | the bacterial microflora of nine varieties of witloof chicory (cichorium intybus l. var.foliosum hegi) seeds was studied. the 184 isolates were characterized by protein profiles determined by sds-protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total cell proteins. isolates with identical protein profiles were grouped into one fingerprint type. sixty-seven fingerprint types were distinguished. two quantitatively major fingerprint types,erwinia herbicola and an arthrobacter, represented 52% of t ... | 1988 | 24201719 |
| molecular and culture-dependent analyses revealed similarities in the endophytic bacterial community composition of leaves from three rice (oryza sativa) varieties. | the endophytic bacterial communities of the three most important rice varieties cultivated in uruguay were compared by a multiphasic approach. leaves of mature plants grown in field experiments for two consecutive crop seasons were studied. no significant differences were found in the heterotrophic bacterial density for the three varieties. pantoea ananatis and pseudomonas syringae constituted 51% of the total of the isolates. these species were always present regardless of the variety or the se ... | 2012 | 22375835 |
| antibacterial activity of caffeine against plant pathogenic bacteria. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a plant secondary metabolite - caffeine. caffeine is present in over 100 plant species. antibacterial activity of caffeine was examined against the following plant-pathogenic bacteria: ralstonia solanacearum (rsol), clavibacter michiganesis subsp. sepedonicus (cms), dickeya solani (dsol), pectobacterium atrosepticum (pba), pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc), pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ... | 2015 | 26307771 |
| overexpression of the brassica rapa transcription factor wrky12 results in reduced soft rot symptoms caused by pectobacterium carotovorum in arabidopsis and chinese cabbage. | chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis), an important vegetable crop, can succumb to diseases such as bacterial soft rot, resulting in significant loss of crop productivity and quality. pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc) causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. to overcome crop loss caused by bacterial soft rot, a gene from chinese cabbage was isolated and characterised in this study. we isolated the brwrky12 gene from chinese cabbage, which ... | 2014 | 24552622 |
| elicitation of induced resistance against pectobacterium carotovorum and pseudomonas syringae by specific individual compounds derived from native korean plant species. | plants have developed general and specific defense mechanisms for protection against various enemies. among the general defenses, induced resistance has distinct characteristics, such as broad-spectrum resistance and long-lasting effectiveness. this study evaluated over 500 specific chemical compounds derived from native korean plant species to determine whether they triggered induced resistance against pectobacterium carotovorum supsp. carotovorum (pcc) in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and pseudo ... | 2013 | 24135942 |
| consequences of flagellin export through the type iii secretion system of pseudomonas syringae reveal a major difference in the innate immune systems of mammals and the model plant nicotiana benthamiana. | bacterial flagellin is perceived as a microbe (or pathogen)-associated molecular pattern (mamp or pamp) by the extracellular pattern recognition receptors, fls2 and tlr5, of plants and mammals respectively. flagellin accidently translocated into mammalian cells by pathogen type iii secretion systems (t3sss) is recognized by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor nlrc4 as a pattern of pathogenesis and induces a death-associated immune response. the non-pathogen pseudomonas fluorescens pf ... | 2013 | 23107228 |
| novel bacterial adp-ribosylating toxins: structure and function. | bacterial adp-ribosyltransferase toxins (bartts) transfer adp-ribose to eukaryotic proteins to promote bacterial pathogenesis. in this review, we use prototype bartts, such as diphtheria toxin and pertussis toxin, as references for the characterization of several new bartts from human, insect and plant pathogens, which were recently identified by bioinformatic analyses. several of these toxins, including cholix toxin (chxa) from vibrio cholerae, spya from streptococcus pyogenes, hopu1 from pseud ... | 2014 | 25023120 |
| heterologous expression of a photorhabdus luminescens syrbactin-like gene cluster results in production of the potent proteasome inhibitor glidobactin a. | syrbactins are cyclic peptide derivatives which are known to inhibit the eukaryotic proteasome by irreversible covalent binding to its catalytic sites. the only two members of this family characterized to date, syringolin a and glidobactin a, are secreted by certain strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and strain k481-b101 from the order burkholderiales, respectively. syrbactins are the products of mixed non-ribosomal peptide/polyketide synthases encoded by gene clusters with a character ... | 2013 | 23079192 |
| the arabidopsis nadph oxidases rbohd and rbohf display differential expression patterns and contributions during plant immunity. | plant nadph oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues (rbohs), produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that perform a wide range of functions. rbohd and rbohf, two of the 10 rboh genes present in arabidopsis, are pleiotropic and mediate diverse physiological processes including the response to pathogens. we hypothesized that the spatio-temporal control of rbohd and rbohf gene expression might be critical in determining their multiplicity of functions. transgenic arabidopsis plan ... | 2016 | 26798024 |
| functional interplay between arabidopsis nadph oxidases and heterotrimeric g protein. | the plant nadph oxidases produce reactive oxygen species (ros) in response to pathogens that have diverse functions in different cellular contexts. distinct phenotypic outcomes may derive from the interaction of nadph oxidase-dependent ros with other signaling components that mediate defense activation. we analyze the interaction between nadph oxidases atrbohd and atrbohf and the arabidopsis heterotrimeric g protein. the gβ subunit (agb1) of the heterotrimeric g protein is required for full dise ... | 2013 | 23441575 |
| diversity of small rnas expressed in pseudomonas species. | rna sequencing (rna-seq) has revealed several hundreds of previously undetected small rnas (srnas) in all bacterial species investigated, including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida and pseudomonas syringae. nonetheless, only little is known about the extent of conservation of expressed srnas across strains and species. in this study, we have used rna-seq to identify srnas in p. putida dot-t1e and pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3b. this is the first strain of p. extremaustral ... | 2015 | 25394275 |
| the c-di-gmp phosphodiesterase bifa is involved in the virulence of bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex. | in a recent screen for novel virulence factors involved in the interaction between pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and the olive tree, a mutant was selected that contained a transposon insertion in a putative cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) phosphodiesterase-encoding gene. this gene displayed high similarity to bifa of pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida. here, we examined the role of bifa in free-living and virulence-related phenotypes of two bacterial plant pathogens in the pseud ... | 2015 | 25385023 |
| nudc nudix hydrolase from pseudomonas syringae, but not its counterpart from pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a novel regulator of intracellular redox balance required for growth, motility and biofilm formation. | nudix pyrophosphatases, ubiquitous in all organisms, have not been well studied. recent implications that some of them may be involved in response to stress and in pathogenesis indicate that they play important biological functions. we have investigated nudc nudix proteins from the plant pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato str. dc3000 and from the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1161. we found that these homologous enzymes are homodimeric and in vitro preferentially hydrolyse nadh. ... | 2014 | 24989777 |
| pseudomonas syringae evades host immunity by degrading flagellin monomers with alkaline protease apra. | bacterial flagellin molecules are strong inducers of innate immune responses in both mammals and plants. the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes an alkaline protease called apra that degrades flagellin monomers. here, we show that apra is widespread among a wide variety of bacterial species. in addition, we investigated the role of apra in virulence of the bacterial plant pathogen p. syringae pv. tomato dc3000. the apra-deficient dc3000 δapra knockout mutant was significantly ... | 2014 | 24654978 |
| virulence factor regulator (vfr) controls virulence-associated phenotypes in pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 by a quorum sensing-independent mechanism. | virulence factor regulator (vfr) is a member of the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (camp) receptor proteins that regulate the expression of many important virulence genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa. the role of vfr in pathogenicity has not been elucidated fully in phytopathogenic bacteria. to investigate the function of vfr in pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605, the vfr gene was disrupted. the virulence of the vfr mutant towards host tobacco plants was attenuated significantly, and the in ... | 2013 | 23145783 |
| characterization of each aefr and mext mutant in pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605. | to investigate the mechanism of activation of the genes for resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) family members mexe, mexf, and oprn for multidrug resistance (mdr), we mutagenized aefr and mext, the potential regulators of mexef/oprn transcription in pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 (pta 6605). aefr is a member of the tetr transcription factors, and is known to be required for production of the quorum-sensing molecules, acyl homoserine lactones (ahl), in p. syringae. furthermore, we found th ... | 2012 | 22552803 |
| whop, a genomic region associated with woody hosts in the pseudomonas syringae complex contributes to the virulence and fitness of pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi in olive plants. | bacteria from the pseudomonas syringae complex belonging to phylogroups 1 and 3 (pg1 and pg3, respectively) isolated from woody hosts share a genomic region herein referred to as whop (from woody host and pseudomonas spp.), which is absent in strains infecting herbaceous organs. in this work, we show that this region is also encoded in p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum (pg1) and six additional members of pg3, namely, pseudomonas savastanoi pv. retacarpa, three p. syringae pathovars, pseudomonas m ... | 2017 | 28027024 |