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diurnal regulation of leaf blade elongation in rice by co2 (is it related to sucrose-phosphate synthase activity?).the relationship between leaf blade elongation rates (ler) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (sps) activity was investigated at different times during ontogeny of rice (oryza sativa l. cv jarrah) grown in flooded soil at either 350 or 700 [mu]l co2 l-1. high co2 concentrations increased ler of expanding blades and in vivo activity (vlimiting) sps activity of expanded blades during the early vegetative stage (21 d after planting [dap]), when tiller number was small and growing blades were strong car ...199512228556
current developments in plant biotechnology for genetic improvement: the case of rice (oryza sativa l.).as the world's population is expanding rapidly, all possible techniques for crop improvement must be utilized to meet the food demands of the next century. although conventional breeding techniques have considerably increased the productivity of modern crops, the application of advanced molecular technologies could speed up further crop improvement. use of biotechnology, such as the various tissue-culture methods and gene-transfer techniques now available, could significantly shorten the breedin ...199524414747
identification of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for heading date and plant height in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.).'lemont' and 'teqing' are both semidwarf rice varieties that differ in heading date by only 6 days. however, when 'lemont' and 'teqing' are crossed there is transgressive segregation for both heading date (hd) and plant height (ph). by testing 2418 f4 lines with 113 well-distributed rflp markers, we identified and mapped chromosomal regions that were largely responsible for this transgressive segregation. qhd3a, a qtl from 'lemont' that gives 8 days earlier heading, was identified on chromosome ...199524169788
anthocyanin pathway in rice (oryza sativa l): identification of a mutant showing dominant inhibition of anthocyanins in leaf and accumulation of proanthocyanidins in pericarp.the present study has surveyed a collection of indica rice (oryza sativa) lines for tissue-specific anthocyanin pigmentation pattern, which has also been used for a genetically meaningful classification. this classification helped predict probable genotypes of rice lines and, in the process, a leaf blade-specific dominant inhibitor of pigmentation (ilb) was predicted and its presence later confirmed in two lines. we ascribe most tissue-specific accumulation of anthocyanins to the presence of a d ...199524169778
expression of rice osh1 gene is localized in developing vascular strands and its ectopic expression in transgenic rice causes altered morphology of leaf.transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) carrying 1 or 2 copies of a rice homeobox gene, osh1, under the control of the camv 35s promoter were generated. the transgene caused altered morphology of leaf, such as ligule-replacement and abnormal division of sclerenchyma cells. the phenotype of these leaves resembles that of maize leaf morphological mutant, knotted 1, which is caused by duplication of the kn1 gene (veit et al., 1990). the in situ hybridization analysis has revealed that ...199524185596
variation in protein and rna synthesis activity in isolated mitochondria of the developing rice (oryza sativa l.) panicle.we have studied variation in mitochondrial protein and rna synthesis during the development of a specialized rice (oryza sativa l.) reproductive organ in a bacteria-free environment. mitochondria were prepared from the maturing panicle during microsporogenesis when meiosis occurred and from etiolated seedlings at two growth stages. we found (1) that there was no discernible qualitative difference among the polypeptides synthesized by these three mitochondrial samples; (2) that the quantity of pr ...199524173071
the effects of selection for sodium transport and of selection for agronomic characteristics upon salt resistance in rice (oryza sativa l.).a multiple cross was constructed with the aim of combining component traits for the complex salinity resistance character. the aim was to combine donors for physiological traits with the agronomically desirable semidwarf/intermediate plant type and with the overall salinity resistance of the traditional tall land races. we report a study of selection strategies in the resulting breeding population. the effects of early selection for agronomic traits and early selection for low sodium transport w ...199524173070
the identification of duplicate accessions within a rice germplasm collection using rapd analysis.a set of accessions of oryza sativa from the international rice research institute (philippines) that included known and suspected duplicates as well as closely related germplasm has been subjected to rapd analysis. the number of primers, the number of polymorphic bands and the total number of bands were determined that will allow the accurate discrimination of these categories of accessions, including the identification of true and suspected duplicates. two procedures have been described that c ...199524173061
a chromosome 5-specific repetitive dna sequence in rice (oryza sativa l).repetitive dna sequences in the rice genome comprise more than half of the nuclear dna. the isolation and characterization of these repetitive dna sequences should lead to a better understanding of rice chromosome structure and genome organization. we report here the characterization and chromosome localization of a chromosome 5-specific repetitive dna sequence. this repetitive dna sequence was estimated to have at least 900 copies. dna sequence analysis of three genomic clones which contain the ...199524173043
association of morphological and rflp markers in rice (oryza sativa l.).seventeen morphological marker genes were associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism markers in rice by using four f2 populations, each segregating for a few observable traits, and 14 near isogenic lines (nils), each containing one morphological mutant gene. the location of five genes was confirmed on the basis of f2 analysis: purple hull (pr) (16.8 +/- 7.9 cm away from rg163 on chromosome 4); phenol staining (ph) (20.8 +/- 8.4 cm away from rg163 on chromosome 4); glabrous leaf and ...199518470190
effect of anoxia on carbohydrate metabolism in rice seedlings.the metabolism of carbohydrates was investigated in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings grown under anoxia. two phases can be recognized in the utilization of carbohydrates: during the first days of germination under anoxia, the metabolism of sugars is mainly degradative, whereas after the induction of [alpha]-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) has taken place, the increased presence of glucose and sucrose indicates that both starch degradation and sucrose synthesis operate. the analysis of the enzymes involved ...199512228505
presence of a chloroplast dna sequence in an autonomous circular dna molecule in cultured rice cells (oryza sativa l).sequence analysis of twelve dna fragments, which had previously been found to be extensively amplified in suspension-cultured rice cells, revealed that two of them, isolated on plasmids designated pe10 and pe11, have sequences identical to distinct regions of chloroplast dna (ct-dna). both sequences are part of an extrachromosomal circular dna molecule (ecd). the molecular structure of the ecd was investigated by a combination of restriction analysis, standard and pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ...19957640893
a novel stress-inducible metallothionein-like gene from rice.a novel rice genomic sequence encoding coding segments homologous to other metallothionein-like genes was isolated from oryza sativa genomic library. this sequence, hereby designated as rgmt (rice genomic metallothionein-like gene), consists of two exons and one intron. from the coding sequence, it is predicted that rgmt encodes one protein of 74 amino acids. differential expression of rgmt in rice plants was observed as mature transcripts were more abundant in roots than in leaves and sheaths. ...19957632910
a rice membrane calcium-dependent protein kinase is induced by gibberellin.a rice (oryza sativa) seed plasma-membrane calcium-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (cdpk) has been partially purified. comparing results in seeds that were treated with and without the plant hormone gibberellin (ga) for 10 min showed that rice cdpk was highly induced by ga. after separating solubilized membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, followed by renaturation, a radiolabeled phosphoprotein band of approximately 58 kd was detected, and it was apparently p ...19957610167
structure, organization, and chromosomal location of the gene encoding a form of rice soluble starch synthase.a rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic clone encoding the gene for a form of soluble starch synthase (sss1) and its 5'- and 3'-flanking regions has been isolated and sequenced. the sss1 gene contained 15 exons interrupted by 14 introns. the exon/intron organization of the sss1 gene was divergent from that of the rice waxy gene coding for granule-bound starch synthase, thus suggesting that the sss1 and granule-bound starch synthase genes have evolved from an ancestral gene in a different way or that th ...19957610165
vacuolar h(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase is induced by anoxia or chilling in seedlings of rice.the present study was undertaken to determine whether vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase) might replace vacuolar h(+)-atpase under energy stress due to anoxia or chilling in anoxia-tolerant species such as rice (oryza sativa l.) and corn (zea mays l.). the relative transcript level of v-ppase in rice seedlings, like that of alcohol dehydrogenase 1, increased greatly under anoxia and declined again when the seedlings were returned to air. however, the distribution of transcripts in root, shoo ...19957610161
the genomic organization of the gene encoding a nitrate-inducible ferredoxin-nadp+ oxidoreductase from rice roots.a genomic clone of the gene encoding a nitrate-inducible ferredoxin-nadp+ oxidoreductase (fnr) from rice (oryza sativa l.) roots has been isolated and its nucleotide sequence determined. the clone contains 3897 nucleotides of the gene which consists of six exons interrupted by five introns. the transcription start site was determined by primer extension analysis which locates 64 bp upstream of the atg translation initiation codon. the 5'-flanking region contains canonical tata- and caat-boxes, a ...19957748889
identification of a set of rflp probes for subspecies differentiation in oryza sativa l.sixty-eight indica-japonica tester-differentiating rflp probes were tested in seven indica and seven japonica varieties of rice (oryza sativa l.) with four enzyme digestions (ecori, ecorv, hindiii and drai). twenty-one dna clones were isolated as indica-japonica subspecies-differentiating probes. a set of 13 probes was established as core probes for subspecies differentiation and a pooled blotting analysis was carried out to facilitate the application of rflp in rice genetics and breeding practi ...199524172933
rice anther culture: callus initiation and androclonal variation in progenies of regenerated plants.anthers from rice (oryza sativa l.) subspecies japonica initiated more callus than their indica or indica x japonica counterparts. a mild stress, either by slow desiccation or heat shock, prior to the plating of anthers enhanced the ability to initiate callus. slow dessication of anthers enhanced the ability of the japonica anthers to initiate callus even in medium that was supplemented with nacl. the ability to initiate callus by the anthers plated on nacl-supplemented medium decreased as the n ...199524185451
seed dormancy in red rice (oryza sativa) (ix. embryo fructose-2,6-bisphosphate during dormancy breaking and subsequent germination).fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (fru-2,6-bisp) was evaluated as a potential marker for the dormancy-breaking phase or the germination phase before pericarp splitting in red rice (oryza sativa). during 4 h of imbibition at 30[deg]c, fru-2,6-bisp of dehulled dormant and nondormant seeds increased to 0.26 and 0.38 pmol embryo-1, respectively. in nondormant seeds, embryo fru-2,6-bisp content remained stable until the onset of pericarp splitting (12 h) and increased rapidly thereafter. in dormant seeds, fr ...199512228440
bamhi and hindiii repetitive dna families in the rice genome.in this paper we describe a novel method of cloning representative members of different repetitive dna families based on the screening of a rice (oryza sativa) genomic library using dna from different c0t fractions as probes. two genomic clones, which represent two different repetitive dna families in rice, were isolated by this method and have been characterized. their nucleotide sequences, copy numbers, distributions in major rice genome types, methylation patterns, and chromosomal localizatio ...19957774793
gibberellin promotes histone h1 kinase activity and the expression of cdc2 and cyclin genes during the induction of rapid growth in deepwater rice internodes.partial submergence or treatment with either ethylene or gibberellin (ga) promotes rapid internodal growth in deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.). earlier work has shown that ga is the immediate hormonal signal for this growth response, which involves induction of the cell cycle at the g2/m phase transition and subsequent enhancement in the rate of dna synthesis. in all eukaryotes, onset of mitosis is regulated by the p34cdc2/cdc28 protein kinase, whose activity is assayed by in vitro phosphorylati ...19957742859
structural changes in the plastid dna of rice (oryza sativa l.) during tissue culture.to investigate the rearrangement of the plastid genome during tissue culture, dna from rice callus lines, which had been derived individually from single protoplasts isolated from seed or pollen callus (protoclones), was analyzed by southern hybridization with rice chloroplast dna (ctdna) clones as probes. among 44 long-term cultured protoclones, maintained for 4, 8 or 11 years, 28 contained plastid dna (ptdna) from which portions had been deleted. the ptdna of all protoclones that had been main ...199524173926
molecular cloning of the gene (sodcc1) that encodes a cytosolic copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase from rice (oryza sativa l.). 19957724677
use of rapd for the study of diversity within plant germplasm collections.as part of the development of a molecular toolkit for the study of diversity within large plant germplasm collections, rapd technology has been applied to accessions of rice (oryza sativa) obtained from the major world collection held at irri (the international rice research institute) which supplies germplasm to breeders. methods for the speedy extraction of dna representative of a rice accession, its amplification by pcr to reveal reproducible products, and the analysis of the banding data usi ...19957706109
totipotency of coleoptile tissue in indica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ch 1039).embryogenic and non-embryogenic calluses were induced from 3,4,5 and 7d old coleoptile segments of indica rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ch 1039). compact, globular, yellow and creamy embryogenic and white friable non-embryogenic callus arose from the cut end and entire length of the coleoptile segments. murashige and skoog's (ms) medium supplemented with 2.5mg/1 2,4-d was used as callus induction medium. plant regeneration from coleoptile segments occurred with the transfer of embryogenic callus to ...199524190304
transient expression of gus gene in intact seed embryos of indica rice after electroporation-mediated gene delivery.two-day-old germinating intact seed embryos of oryza sativa variety basmati 370 were electroporated with a view to examine suitability of this system for gene delivery. the experiments were done with a plasmid having gus gene under the control of camv 35s promoter. spectrofluorophotometric gus assay revealed high activity of the introduced gene when embryos were given three electrical pulses at 1600 v cm(-1) and 100 μf capacitance with a pulse length of 75 ms. additionally, histochemical localiz ...199524190298
cryopreserved callus: a source of protoplasts for rice transformation.we cryopreserved whole rice calli (oryza sativa l cv taipei 309) to investigate the ability of the surviving cells to regenerate plants and yield protoplasts competent for genetic transformation. four out of six callus lines cryopreserved after four months in culture contained small sectors able to continue cell division and subsequently regenerate fertile plants. both cryopreservation efficiency and regeneration ability decreased when using eight month old cultures. high yields of protoplasts w ...199524190297
plant regeneration from protoplasts of cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice (oryza sativa l.).this study compared plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from suspension cultures of threejaponica rice (oryza sativa l.) lines with different male sterile cytoplasms. more than 180 green plants were regenerated from protoplasts from 5-8 month old suspensions of ir58024a, a line with the wa type of cytoplasmic male sterility (cms). about 40% of the calli recovered from protoplasts produced green plants. shuangbaia (bt type of cms) and tai2a (dian i type of cms), both from zhejiang provin ...199524185659
evidence for the involvement of glycanase activities in the dissociation of cortical cell walls during the emergence of callus from rice root tissues in the presence of 2,4-d.nojirimycin bisulfite andp-nitrophenyl-1-thio-ß-d-glucoside, potent inhibitors of ß-glucanase, suppressed cortical dissociation and callus growth in rice roots (oryza sativa l. cv. sasanishiki) in the presence of 2,4-d, with resultant suppression of the emergence of callus clumps from the interior of root tissues. these sugar analogs inhibited the 2,4-d-induced increase in the elastic and plastic compliance of cell walls but did not affect oxygen uptake by root explants in the presence of 2,4-d. ...199524185652
suspension and protoplast culture of u.s. rice cultivars.efficient protoplast culture and plant regeneration of five u.s. rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) - mercury, lacassine, maybelle, cypress, and lemont - were obtained from suspension cells maintained in modified general medium. embryogenic suspension cells were developed from calli grown on the original callus induction medium for 10-20 weeks without subculture. weekly subculture of the suspensions for five to eight weeks yielded cells suitable for protoplast isolation. after 2 weeks, rate of col ...199524185650
the physical location of fourteen rflp markers in rice (oryza sativa l.).a biotin-labeled in situ hybridization technique was used in order to physically map rflp markers to the chromosomes of rice (oryza sativa l.). fourteen rflp markers, associated with the ends of the linkage groups on rice chromosomes 7, 8, 11, 12, were physically mapped onto specific regions of the chromosomes. the average detection rate of in situ hybridization was 5.91%. the markers were located on seven different chromosome arms. ten of the fourteen markers were distributed near the chromosom ...199524173791
effects of air pollution on rice yield in the pakistan punjab.a study using open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or charcoal filtered air in the vicinity of lahore, pakistan demonstrated reductions of 42% and 37% in the grain yield of two cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.). this yield reduction was primarily due to the reduction in mean panicle number per plant, although significant effects of filtration on 1000 grain weight and the number of filled grains per panicle were also detected. the 6-h daily mean o(3) concentrations were only 10-20 nl litre ...199515091465
developmental and hormonal regulation of rice [alpha]-amylase(ramy1a)-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice seeds.transgenic seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) were used to investigate temporal, spatial, and hormonal regulation of a rice [alpha]-amylase gene, ramy1a. two overlapping segments of the ramy1a promoter were fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene, gusa. the resulting promoter-gusa fusions, pe4/gus (-232 to +31) and ph4/gus (-748 to +31), were used separately to transform rice protoplasts. [beta]-glucuronidase (gus) activity was detected in germinated transgenic seeds, although the ...199512228339
characterization of a rice gene family encoding root-specific proteins.two cdna clones (rcc2 and rcc3) corresponding to mrnas highly expressed only in root tissues of rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings were characterized. respectively, they encode polypeptides of 146 (14.5 kda) and 133 amino acids (13.4 kda) that share high (> 70%) sequence similarity with a polypeptide encoded by a cdna (zrp3) encoding an mrna preferentially expressed in young maize roots. genomic dna blot analysis revealed that they are members of a small gene family and rcg2, the gene correspondin ...19957888615
molecular and physiological responses to abscisic acid and salts in roots of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant indica rice varieties.the indica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties pokkali and nona bokra are well-known salt tolerance donors in classical breeding. in an attempt to understand the molecular basis of their tolerance, physiological and gene expression studies were initiated. the effect of abscisic acid (aba) on total proteins in roots from 12-d-old seedlings of pokkali, nona bokra, and the salt-sensitive cultivar taichung n1 were analyzed on two-dimensional gels. the abundance of aba-induced proteins was highest in th ...19957870812
polymorphism and genetic relatedness among wild and cultivated rice species determined by ap-pcr analysis.we have applied the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) technique to the analysis of the relationships among six japonica and indica cultivars, and four wild species of rice. chosen were four primers of arbitrary sequence that gave multiple amplification products when rice dna was used as template. among a total of 50 bands scored, 44 were polymorphic, which was sufficient to distinguish the species used in this study. it is apparent from the comparisons of genetic distances th ...19957558882
an epitope of rice threonine- and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein is common to cell wall and hydrophobic plasma-membrane glycoproteins.a monoclonal antibody, lm1, has been derived that has a high affinity for an epitope of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (hrgps). in suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells the epitope is carried by three major proteins with different biochemical properties. the most abundant is the 95-kda extracellular rice extensin, a threonine- and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (thrgp) occurring in the cell wall and secreted into the medium. this thrgp can be selectively oxidatively cross-linked ...19957544182
hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.): identification and parentage determination by rapd fingerprinting.dna from three families of rice plants selected in northern china (each comprising the male sterile, the restorer, the hybrid f1 and the maintainer lines) has been extracted and amplified by pcr with different random dna primers (rapd analysis). then, dna has been analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and dna bands scored as present or absent. the generated matrices are reproducible and amenable for identification of each single plant line. thus, rapd fingerprinting of the inbred parental line ...199424192876
expression of the enzymes of nitrate reduction during the anaerobic germination of rice.during the anaerobic germination of rice (oryza sativa l.), nitrate is translocated from the caryopsis and assimilated into the coleoptile (r. reggiani, m. mattana, n. aurisano, a. bertani [1993] plant cell physiol 34: 379-383). using antibodies against nitrate and nitrite reductases, proteins with the expected molecular mass were recognized by western blot analysis in extracts from 8-d-old rice coleoptiles. both enzymes are de novo synthesized in 6- to 8-d-old seedlings, as shown by immunopreci ...199412232434
identification and characterization of a family of genes for the plasma membrane h(+)-atpase of oryza sativa l.a cdna clone (cosa2) encoding a plasma membrane h(+)-atpase was isolated from rice. southern blot analysis indicated that the genes that corresponds to cosa2 was different from that to cosa1. northern blots revealed osa2 mrna in roots, calli and shoots. osa1 transcripts were detected only by rt-pcr in these tissues.19947697296
protein phosphatase inhibitors enhance the expression of an alpha-amylase gene, alpha amy3, in cultured rice cells.a rice (oryza sativa l.) gene for alpha-amylase, alpha amy3, was strongly and rapidly induced by treatment of suspension-cultured cells with okadaic acid (oa), a potent and specific inhibitor of protein serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2a. the massive accumulation of alpha amy3 mrna in response to oa treatment was due to the stimulation of gene transcription and a partial stabilization of this mrna. this induction of alpha amy3 message by oa occurred even though cellular protein synthesis was ...19947999117
differential transcript levels of genes associated with glycolysis and alcohol fermentation in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) under submergence stress.expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in specialized metabolic pathways is assumed to be regulated coordinately to maintain homeostasis in plant cells. we analyzed transcript levels of rice (oryza sativa l.) genes associated with glycolysis and alcohol fermentation under submergence stress. when each transcript was quantified at several times, two types (i and ii) of mrna accumulation were observed in response to submergence stress. transcripts of type i genes reached a maximum after 24 ...199412232382
molecular changes of organelle dna sequences in rice through dedifferentiation, long-term culture, or the morphogenesis process.callus-specific rearranged dna in rice (oryza sativa l.) was isolated by in-gel reassociation procedure. southern hybridization experiments revealed that some clones were amplified significantly in primary callus induced from scutellum tissue. rapid amplification of these clones was observed within 2 days after plating seeds onto callus-induction medium containing 2,4-d. naa gave no significant effect on dna amplification event. colony formation process from isolated protoplasts and plant regene ...19948000003
genetic analysis of tolerance for phosphorous deficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.).the inheritance of phosphorous (p) - deficiency tolerance in rice was investigated by a sevenparent diallel. the parent materials involved were four p-efficient (ir20, ir54, ir28, and mahsuri), one moderately p-efficient (tn1), and two p-inefficient (ir31406333-1 and ir34686-179-1-2-1), genotypes. relative tilering ability (rta) under p-deficient and p-supplemented soil conditions was the parameter used in determining the tolerance level of the different genotypes. diallel graph analysis reveale ...199424177847
sequence of a cdna from oryza sativa (l.) encoding the pyruvate decarboxylase 1 gene. 19947991697
a group of chromosomal proteins is specifically released by spermine and loses dna-binding activity upon phosphorylation.biologically relevant concentrations as low as 500 microm spermine led to the specific release of chromatin-associated proteins from nuclei of rice (oryza sativa) seedlings. using a southwestern technique, it was shown that several of these proteins bind dna. this affinity was lost upon in organello phosphorylation by an endogenous kinase. the effect of spermine was very specific. spermidine was far less effective and putrescine was essentially ineffective in releasing these proteins. the most a ...19947991684
transcribed repetitive dna sequences in telomeric regions of rice (oryza sativa).we have isolated and characterized from rice three repetitive dna sequences, os48, osc-567, and osg3-430. our results indicate that these repetitive sequences are highly transcribed, and transcripts complementary to both strands of the os48 family of sequences account for up to 3% of the total cellular rna. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, restriction mapping, and dna sequence analyses have revealed a complex pattern of structural organization of the three families of repetitive sequences. os48 ...19947948882
induction of chilling resistance by water stress, and cdna sequence analysis and expression of water stress-regulated genes in rice.exposure of seedlings of a chilling-sensitive variety of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. wasetoittu) to water stress (0.5 m mannitol, 30 min) at room temperature induced a degree of chilling resistance. no such resistance was induced by exogenous abscisic acid (aba) application (10 microm, 60 min). upon short-term water stress, new transcripts were expressed in both seedlings and suspension-cultured cells. we suggest that the genes induced by short-term water stress, and not those induced by aba, are ...19947948880
the semidwarf gene, sd-1, of rice (oryza sativa l.). ii. molecular mapping and marker-assisted selection.to establish the location of the semidwarf gene, sd-1, the anthocyanin activator (a), purple node (pn), purple auricle (pau), and the isozyme locus, esti-2, in relation to dna markers on the molecular linkage map of rice, 20 rflp markers, previously mapped to the central region of chromosome 1 (mccouch et al. 1988), were mapped onto an f2 population derived from the cross taichung 65 (a,pn,pau)/taichung 65 (sd-1). sd-1 and esti-2 were determined to be linked most tightly to rflp markers rg 109 a ...199424177769
the semidwarf gene, sd-1, of rice (oryza sativa l.). i. linkage with the esterase locus, estl-2.the linkage relationship between the semidwarf gene (sd-1) and the isozyme locus esti-2 was elucidated using segregating populations derived from crosses between several semidwarf testers and tall rice varieties. bimodal distributions for culm length were observed in f2 populations of three cross combinations, including shiokari/shiokari (sd-1), taichung 65 (a,pn,pau)/taichung 65 (sd-1), and milyang 23/kasalath. taking the valley of the distribution curves as the dividing point, two height class ...199424177768
classification of cultivated rices into indica and japonica types by the isozyme, rflp and two milled-rice methods.four methods for classifying cultivated rices (oryza sativa l.) (including ir varieties) into indica and japonica types - waxy gene product in endosperm starch, glutelin α3 molecular weight in milled rice, rflp polymorphism at the wx locus and glaszmann's isozyme method - were compared. on the basis of the two endosperm traits and the rflp method glaszmann's group 1 (indica) was classified as mainly indica and intermediate groups 2, 3 and 4 as exclusively indica. however, the endosperm traits cl ...199424177763
structure and function of the golgi complex in rice cells (ii. purification and characterization of golgi membrane-bound nucleoside diphosphatase).inosine diphosphatase bound to golgi membranes was studied in rice (oryza sativa l. cv nipponkai) cells. the enzyme was solubilized with triton x-100 from isolated rice golgi membranes and was highly purified employing a series of chromatography steps in the presence of 20% glycerol and 0.1% triton x-100. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration column chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 200 and 55 kd, respectively. ...199412232309
identification of the duplicated segments in rice chromosomes 1 and 5 by linkage analysis of cdna markers of known functions.we mapped two loci for adp-ribosylation factor homologues (arf1, arf2) and two loci for cysteine proteinase inhibitors (oryzacystatin-i and -ii: oci, ocii) by linkage analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism loci in rice (oryza sativa l.) genomic dnas using their cdnas as probes.oc-1 andarf-2 were found to be closely located to each other on chromosome 1, whileoc-2 andarf-1,both found on chromosome 5, were also located close to each other. the map distances are about 2 cm in both pai ...199424186168
effects of growth temperature on the responses of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, electron transport components, and sucrose synthesis enzymes to leaf nitrogen in rice, and their relationships to photosynthesis.effects of growth temperature on the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and their underlying biochemical properties were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.). the plants were grown hydroponically under day/night temperature regimes of 18/15[deg]c, 23/18[deg]c, and 30/23[deg]c and all photosynthetic measurements were made at a leaf temperature of 25[deg]c and an irradiance of 1800 [mu]mol quanta m-2 s-1. growth temperature affected the photosynthetic co2 response curv ...199412232279
ultraviolet-b-responsive anthocyanin production in a rice cultivar is associated with a specific phase of phenylalanine ammonia lyase biosynthesis.seedlings of 17 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars were classified on the basis of anthocyanin pigmentation into three groups: an acyanic group with 9 cultivars, a moderately cyanic group with 5 cultivars, and a cyanic group with 3 cultivars. seedlings of the cyanic group were deep purple in color, possessing copious amounts of anthocyanin in shoots. sunlight (sl)-mediated anthocyanin and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) induction in a cyanic cultivar, purple puttu, was compared with an acyanic c ...199412232265
organ-specific and hormone-dependent expression of genes for serine carboxypeptidases during development and following germination of rice grains.several cdna clones encoding either serine carboxypeptidases or related proteins of oryza sativa l. were identified, and the abundance of the corresponding mrna in immature and germinated grains was examined. the deduced amino acid sequence of each cdna included key sequences, such as a pentapeptide (g-x-s-x-g/a) that is conserved among many serine carboxypeptidases, and the putative protein products were classified as two general and one novel type of cereal serine carboxypeptidases. two genera ...19947972496
poly(a) tail shortening of alpha-amylase mrnas in vegetative tissues of oryza sativa.the pattern of expression for the entire alpha-amylase gene family in rice vegetative tissues during the developmental growth stages has been studied. we were surprised that the size of rice alpha-amylase mrnas in the young roots, shoots, and different tissues from adult plant was shorter by approximately 250 bases than that in immature or mature embryos and aleurone layers of seed. interestingly, the difference in the size of the alpha-amylase mrnas of rice seed and vegetative tissues is due to ...19948048915
fertile indica rice plants regenerated from protoplasts isolated from scutellar tissue of immature embryos.we report on the regeneration of fertile indica rice (oryza sativa l.) plants from protoplasts isolated from scutellar tissue of immature embryos. the average yields of protoplasts after purification ranged from 2.8 × 10(5) to 3.5 × 10(5) protoplasts per fifty embryos. protoplasts developed rapidly to colonies when cultured in maltose containing medium using the nurse culture method. upto 146 or 39 visible colonies per 10(6) protoplasts were obtained for the varieties basmati 370 and ir43 respec ...199424194134
expressed sequence tags from cultured cells of rice (oryza sativa l.) under stressed conditions: analysis of transcripts of genes engaged in atp-generating pathways.large-scale sequencing of randomly selected cdna clones was used to isolate numerous genes in rice (oryza sativa l.). total rna used for cdna synthesis was prepared from suspension-cultured cells of rice grown under stressed conditions, such as in saline or nitrogen-starvation conditions. a total of 780 cdna clones were partially sequenced and about 15% could be identified as putative genes. in the library constructed under saline conditions, we identified several genes associated with signal tr ...19948049371
partial purification and characterization of invertase isozymes from rice grains (oryza sativa).four invertase isozymes have been isolated from the milky stage rice grains. according to the ph optima, they are classified as one alkaline (it7) and three acid invertases. the acid invertases are further divided into two soluble forms (it4 and it5) and one cell wall-bound (itb) form which was solubilized in 1 m nacl. the ph optima of itb, it4, it5 and it7 are 4.5, 3.5-4.0, 5.0 and 7.0, and the molecular masses are 42, 60, 64 and 260 kda, respectively. both it4 and it5 were bound to con a-sepha ...19947951078
characterization of a rice gene coding for a lipid transfer protein.the cloning and sequence analysis of a gene that encodes a lipid transfer protein (ltp) from rice is reported. a genomic dna library from oryza sativa was screened using a cdna encoding a maize ltp. one genomic clone containing the gene (ltp) was partially sequenced and analyzed. the open reading frame is interrupted by an 89-bp intron. from the results of southern hybridizations, ltp appears to be a member of a small multigenic family. transcripts of the corresponding gene were detected in seve ...19948194762
increased doubled haploid plant regeneration from rice (oryza sativa l.) anthers cultured on colchicine-supplemented media.plating rice anthers on a semisolid induction medium containing 250 or 500 mg/l colchicine for 24 or 48 h-incubations followed by transfer to colchicine-free medium and standard anther culture procedures resulted in overall 1.5- to 2.5- fold increases in doubled haploid green plant productions compared to control anther cultures. the addition of colchicine had no detrimental effects on the different anther culture efficiency parameters, but in some treatments led to significant enhancement of an ...199424194020
responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, cytochrome f, and sucrose synthesis enzymes in rice leaves to leaf nitrogen and their relationships to photosynthesis.the photosynthetic gas-exchange rates and various biochemical components of photosynthesis, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) content, cytochrome (cyt) f content, and the activities of two sucrose synthesis enzymes, were examined in young, fully expanded leaves of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically in different nitrogen concentrations. the light-saturated rate of photosynthesis at an intercellular co2 pressure of 20 pa (co2-limited photosynthesis) was linearly de ...199412232197
mrna accumulation and promoter activity of the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein in oryza sativa.the accumulation of the mrna corresponding to the gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein has been studies in rice. the patterns of gene expression obtained are similar to those observed in maize in regions rich in dividing cells such as the meristematic zones of roots. however, the gene does not seem to be induced by wounding as it is the case in maize. this effect is correlated with the absence of sequences present in the promoter of the maize gene and that have been described as re ...19948018866
blocking of anaerobic protein synthesis destabilizes dramatically plant mitochondrial membrane ultrastructure.to elucidate the role of "anaerobic proteins" synthesized in plant cell under anoxia, the synthesis of these proteins was inhibited in rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles and leaves by cycloheximide in the course of their anaerobic incubation. electron microscopic investigations demonstrated that the blockade of protein synthesis destabilized dramatically mitochondrial membrane fine structure. data obtained testify to significant role of anoxic stress proteins in the plant cell adaptation and sur ...19947951058
molecular cloning and characterization of two complementary dnas encoding putative peroxidases from rice (oryza sativa l.) shoots.pcr with oligonucleotide primers that corresponded to two highly homologous regions, in terms of amino acid sequence, of plant peroxidases was used to amplify a specific dna fragment from a mixture of rice (oryza sativa l.) cdnas. we then screened a cdna library prepared from mrnas of rice shoots utilizing the product of pcr as probe. two cdna clones, prxrpa and prxrpn, were isolated. they encode distinct isozymes of peroxidase. sequence analysis indicated that the clones encode mature proteins ...199424193902
rflp-based phylogenetic analysis of wide compatibility varieties in oryza sativa l.twenty-one wide compatibility varieties (wcvs) of rice together with three indica and three japonica testers were assayed with 160 dna probes that were selected to represent the entire rflp map at an average interval of 11 cm. on the basis of four enzyme digestion 125 probes detected polymorphisms among the wcvs and subspecies' testers. among these polymorphic probes there were 68 that could distinguish the indica from the japonica testers. two dendrograms were constructed on the basis of 398 po ...199424185883
developmental and light-dependent cues interact to establish steady-state levels of transcripts for photosynthesis-related genes (psba, psbd, psaa and rbcl) in rice (oryza sativa l.).the steady-state transcript levels for psba, psbd, psaa and rbcl are low in dark-grown rice seedlings as compared to those grown in light. following seed germination, they accumulate in an age-dependent manner, in dark as well as light, reaching a maximal level on the 7th or 8th day, before a slow decline sets in. but transcripts for psba and psbd continue to maintain relatively-high levels even after 10 days of growth in light. exposure of 5-day-old dark-grown seedlings to light results in an a ...19948082180
sequence of a cdna encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) leaf ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase. 19948016278
hydroxymethyl-phytochelatins [(gamma-glutamylcysteine)n-serine] are metal-induced peptides of the poaceae.exposure of several species of the family poaceae to cadmium results in the formation of metal-induced peptides of the general structure (gamma-glu-cys)n-ser (n=2-4). they are assumed to be formed from hydroxymethyl-glutathione (gamma-glu-cys-ser) and are termed hydroxymethyl-phytochelatins (hm-pcs) in analogy to the homo-phytochelatins [(gamma-glu-cys)n-beta-ala], discovered in legumes, and the phytochelatins [pcs, (gamma-glu-cys)n-gly] found in most other plants and many fungi. the hm-pcs were ...19948016264
[pollen of gramineae and its botanical, taxonomical, and ecological aspects].this is a review of tropical pollens (gramineae) which cause allergy, addressed to medical workers and with emphasis in the costa rican. the graminean family poaceae is widely distributed and has great genetic plasticity. an evolutionary tendency to floral reduction has led to anemophily, with pollens ranging from large (e.g. corn, zea mays) to very small (e.g. tribes poae and avenae). this family produces a large number of pollens per panicle. the early morning production of free pollen (before ...19947708965
ammonium uptake by rice roots (iii. electrophysiology).the transmembrane electrical potential differences ([delta][psi]) were measured in epidermal and cortical cells of intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings grown in 2 or 100 [mu]m nh4+ (g2 or g100 plants, respectively). in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing no nitrogen, [delta][psi] was in the range of -120 to -140 mv. introducing nh4+ to the bathing medium caused a rapid depolarization. at the steady state, average [delta][psi] of g2 and g100 plants were ...199412232135
sequence and functional analyses of the rice gene homologous to the maize vp1.the homologous gene of the maize vp1 gene was isolated from rice (oryza sativa). sequence analysis revealed that the rice vp1 gene (osvp1) encodes a protein of 728 amino acids and is interupted by 5 introns at positions identical to those of the maize gene. osvp1 transcript was detected in developing embryo as early as 10 days after flowering and decreased toward maturity. osvp1 transcript was also detected in dry as well as imbided mature embryos. the ability of osvp1 gene product to activate a ...19948193305
cuticle biosynthesis in rapidly growing internodes of deepwater rice.submergence induces rapid elongation of deepwater rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes. this adaptive feature allows deepwater rice to grow out of the water and to survive flooding. the growth response of submerged deepwater rice plants is, ultimately, elicited by gibberellin (ga). little attention has been given to the synthesis and role of the cuticle during plant growth. we investigated two questions regarding the cuticle in rapidly elongating deepwater rice internodes: (a) how does cuticle form ...199412232121
retrotransposition of a plant sine into the wx locus during evolution of rice.a new type of plant retroposon, p-sine1, has been found in the wx locus of rice (oryza sativa). it has some structural characteristics similar to those of mammalian sines, such as members of the alu or b1 family. in order to estimate the time at which the integration of p-sine1 into a single locus occurred during rice evolution, we examined the distribution of two members of p-sine1 in several species of the oryza genus by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we found that one member of p-sine1 ...19948169958
nucleotide sequence of a rice root ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase cdna and its induction by nitrate.a ferredoxin-nadp+ reductase (fnr) cdna was isolated from a lambda gt 11 cdna library constructed from the roots of nitrate-induced rice (oryza sativa l. cv. kinmaze) seedlings. the nucleotide sequence of this clone contains a 1134 nucleotide open reading frame. the n-terminal 62 amino acid stretch was assigned to the transit sequence, followed by 316 residues for the mature protein. the rice root fnr shows only 49% sequence identity to that of the leaf enzyme, but the regions of the binding sit ...19948286405
genetic variation detected with rapd markers among upland and lowland rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.).genetic variation of nine upland and four lowland rice cultivars (oryza sativa l.) was investigated at the dna level using the randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method via the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). forty-two random primers were used to amplify dna segments and 260 pcr products were obtained. the results of agarosegel electrophoretic analysis of these pcr products indicated that 208 (80%) were polymorphic. all 42 primers used in this experiment were amplified and typically gene ...199424190409
involvement of phenolic esters in cell aggregation of suspension-cultured rice cells.fluorescence microscopy of rice (oryza sativa l.) callus sections showed that all of the walls fluoresced blue in water (ph 5.8) and green in ammonia (ph 10.0), both characteristics of feruloyl esters. such fluorescence in the walls of cells cultured in gamborg's b5 medium was much stronger than that in amino acid (aa) medium. laser scanning microscopy showed that the level of fluorescence was higher in the intercellular layer, especially at corner junctions between cells, suggesting that feruli ...199412232068
a unique sequence located downstream from the rice mitochondrial atp6 may cause male sterility.asymmetric cell-fusion of the japonica cultivar of oryza sativa (rice) with cytoplasmic-male-sterile (cms) plants bearing cytoplasm derived from chinsurah boro ii, resulted in two classes of cytoplasmic hybrids (cybrids), fertile and cms. southern-blot analysis of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) indicates recombination events around a number of genes; however, the appearance of the cms character is tightly correlated to reorganization around the atp6 gene, suggesting recombination downstream from ...19947915966
nucleotide sequence of rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna homologous to cdc2 gene.we isolated and determined a nucleotide sequence of a rice dna clone (ss224) denoted to rcdc2. this clone encodes an open reading frame of 302 amino acids and typical three conserved domains that exist in all cdc2 homologues. the evolutionary tree showed that rcdc2 was far from cdc2 and its homologous genes identified in various plants.19947703506
comparative studies of isozymes in oryza sativa, o. minuta, and their interspecific derivatives: evidence for homoeology and recombination.enzyme electrophoresis was used to compare the isozyme phenotypes of oryza sativa, ir31917 (aa genome), and two o. minuta accessions (om 101089 and om101141; bbcc genome) for ten enzyme systems. between the two species, two systems were monomorphic (isocitrate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase) and eight were polymorphic (shikimate dehydrogenase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucose isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, esterase, aminopeptidase, an ...199324190357
ammonium uptake by rice roots (ii. kinetics of 13nh4+ influx across the plasmalemma).short-term influxes of 13nh4+ were measured in intact roots of 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) seedlings that were hydroponically grown at 2, 100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+. below 1 mm external concentration ([nh4+]0), influx was saturable and due to a high-affinity transport system (hats). for the hats, vmax values were negatively correlated and km values were positively correlated with nh4+ provision during growth and root [nh4+]. between 1 and 40 mm [nh4+]0, 13nh4+ influx showed a linear r ...199312232018
ammonium uptake by rice roots (i. fluxes and subcellular distribution of 13nh4+).the time course of 13nh4+ uptake and the distribution of 13nh4+ among plant parts and subcellular compartments was determined for 3-week-old rice (oryza sativa l. cv m202) plants grown hydroponically in modified johnson's nutrient solution containing 2,100, or 1000 [mu]m nh4+ (referred to hereafter as g2, g100, or g1000 plants, respectively). at steady state, the influx of 13nh4+ was determined to be 1.31, 5.78, and 10.11 [mu]mol g-1 fresh weight h-1, respectively, for g2, g100, and g1000 plants ...199312232017
cloning and sequencing analysis of a complementary dna for manganese-superoxide dismutase from rice (oryza sativa l.). 19938290649
molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase of rice (oryza sativa l.).we isolated a rice cdna encoding nucleoside diphosphate kinase (ndk, ec 2.7.4.6). the deduced amino acid sequence of the rice ndk shows highest homology to spinach ndk-i. the rice ndk gene exhibits a strong codon bias (73.8% gc) in the third position of the codon. dna blot analysis indicated that at least single ndk gene is present in rice genome.19938260630
partial purification and characterization of soluble acid invertases from rice (oryza sativa) leaves.there are three soluble acid invertases in the leaves of rice. they could be separated by deae1-sephacel chromatography, and named it1, it2 and it3. the molecular weights of it1, it2 and it3, determined by hplc gel filtration chromatography, were 220 kd, 59 kd and 67 kd, respectively. their pi values were 6.2, 5.2 and 4.9, respectively. the ph optima of it1, it2 and it3 were 3.5, 6.0 and 5.5 respectively. all of them could hydrolyze sucrose and raffinose but not maltose, therefore they are all b ...19938136712
a rice (oryza sativa l.) mutant having a low content of glutelin and a high content of prolamine.among the mutant lines of rice that have been selected for morphological characters, one line, nm67, was found to have a low content of glutelin and a higher content of prolamine in its seed protein than other japanese cultivars. this mutant is a semi-dwarf and partially sterile line, and its leaves turn yellow before heading. genetic analysis after backcross to the original cultivar, 'nihonmasari', revealed the following: (1) the character of low glutelin content was always accompanied by the c ...199324190265
metabolic regulation of alpha-amylase gene expression in transgenic cell cultures of rice (oryza sativa l.).expression of two genes in the alpha-amylase gene family is controlled by metabolic regulation in rice cultured cells. the levels of ramy3d and ramy3e mrnas in rice cultured cells are inversely related to the concentration of sugar in the culture medium. other genes in the rice alpha-amylase gene family have little or no expression in cultured cells; these expression levels are not controlled by metabolic regulation. a ramy3d promoter/gus gene fusion was metabolically regulated in the transgenic ...19938251627
activity of a maize ubiquitin promoter in transgenic rice.we have used the maize ubiquitin 1 promoter, first exon and first intron (ubi) for rice (oryza sativa l. cv. taipei 309) transformation experiments and studied its expression in transgenic calli and plants. ubi directed significantly higher levels of transient gene expression than other promoter/intron combinations used for rice transformation. we exploited these high levels of expression to identify stable transformants obtained from callus-derived protoplasts co-transfected with two chimeric g ...19938219091
pre-germination genotypic screening using pcr amplification of half-seeds.a simple and rapid pcr-based method has been developed for determining the genotype of seeds before germination. single half-seeds of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell.) were preincubated, without grinding, in an aqueous extraction buffer. the resulting supernatants were then used in polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to rice single-copy sequences or a wheat microsatellite repeat. pcr products of identical size were amplified ...199324193778
light-regulated and cell-specific expression of tomato rbcs-gusa and rice rbcs-gusa fusion genes in transgenic rice.a previously isolated rice (oryza sativa) rbcs gene was further characterized. this analysis revealed specific sequences in the 5' regulatory region of the rice rbcs gene that are conserved in rbcs genes of other monocotyledonous species. in transgenic rice plants, we examined the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene directed by the 2.8-kb promoter region of the rice rbcs gene. to examine differences in the regulation of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous rbcs promoters, th ...19938278540
role of media constituents and proline in callus growth, somatic embryogenesis and regeneration of oryza sativa cv indica.conditions were optimised for efficient callus induction from seeds of four local indica rice cultivars, gr-3, gr-102, jaya and te-tep. addition of 2,4-d to ms medium at 2.5 mg/l resulted in 100% callus induction. n6 medium was superior to ms medium for callus growth, formation of embryogenic callus as well as regeneration. cultivar te-tep showed highest callus growth while gr-102 the least. addition of casein hydrolysate enhanced growth of callus but did not yield more embryogenic calli. supple ...19938225416
variations in chloroplast dna from rice (oryza sativa): differences between deletions mediated by short direct-repeat sequences within a single species.in a previous study, we compared chloroplast dnas (ctdnas) from four species oforyza and detected two independent deletions of dna fragments in the ctdnas (kanno and hirai 1992a). these deletions were genotype-specific variations. since short direct-repeat sequences were detected at the borders of both deletions, the deletions were apparently the result of intramolecular recombination mediated by these direct-repeat sequences. in the present study, we examined whether or not this type of variati ...199324193706
nuclear gene encoding cytosolic triosephosphate isomerase from rice (oryza sativa l.). 19938108523
suppression in mitochondrial electron transport is the prime cause behind stress induced proline accumulation.exposure of six day old rice (oryza sativa) seedlings to salt or cadmium stress lead to an increase in the level of proline with a simultaneous decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors - rotenone, antimycin a or potassium cyanide also stimulated proline accumulation in rice seedlings with a concurrent decline in the mitochondrial electron transport activity. four to five fold enhancement in proline level was noted in seedlings after 48 ...19938503937
nucleotide sequence of an abundant rice seed globulin: homology with the high molecular weight glutelins of wheat, rye and triticale.a cdna clone corresponding to a 19 kd salt-soluble globulin of rice (oryza sativa l.) was isolated by screening a lambda gt11 expression library of endosperm mrna with antibodies raised against the purified rice seed alpha-globulin. the cdna contained a single large open reading frame encoding a putative globulin precursor of molecular weight of 21 kd. the polypeptide consists of 182 amino acids and is devoid of lysine residues. computer analysis of the nh2-terminal sequence of the globulin prec ...19938503935
influence of cadmium and nickel on growth, net photosynthesis and carbohydrate distribution in rice plants.six day old rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. cv. bahía) were grown for 5 or 10 days in a nutrient solution with either cd (0.01, 0.1 mmol/l) or ni (0.1, 0.5 mmol/l). both cd and ni reduced the length of shoots and roots depending on the concentration and type of ion tested. on the other hand, the dry weight to fresh weight ratio was increased by heavy metal treatments, especially in the aerial part of 0.5 mmol/l ni treated plants. the application of 0.1 mmol/l cd and 0.5 mmol/l ni to the seedling ...199324318867
alignment of molecular and classical linkage maps of rice, oryza sativa.application of genetic linkage maps in plant genetics and breeding can be greatly facilitated by integrating the available classical and molecular genetic linkage maps. in rice, oryza sativa l., the classical linkage map includes about 300 genes which correspond to various important morphological, physiological, biochemical and agronomic characteristics. the molecular maps consist of more than 500 dna markers which cover most of the genome within relatively short intervals. little effort has bee ...199324197352
purification and characterization of membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c from suspension-cultured rice (oryza sativa l.) cells (identification of a regulatory factor).a membrane-bound inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase c was solubilized from rice (oryza sativa l.) microsomal membranes and purified to apparent homogeneity using a series of chromatographic separations. the apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 42,000 d, and the isoelectric point was 5.1. the optimum ph for the enzyme activity was approximately 6.5, and the enzyme was activated by both ca2+ and sr2+. the c ...199312231806
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