| nadph-dependent thioredoxin reductase c plays a role in nonhost disease resistance against pseudomonas syringae pathogens by regulating chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species. | chloroplasts are cytoplasmic organelles for photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells. in addition, recent studies have shown that chloroplasts have a critical role in plant innate immunity against invading pathogens. hydrogen peroxide is a toxic by-product from photosynthesis, which also functions as a signaling compound in plant innate immunity. therefore, it is important to regulate the level of hydrogen peroxide in response to pathogens. chloroplasts maintain components of the redox detoxification ... | 2016 | 27168965 |
| genome-wide identification and characterization of wrky gene family in peanut. | wrky, an important transcription factor family, is widely distributed in the plant kingdom. many reports focused on analysis of phylogenetic relationship and biological function of wrky protein at the whole genome level in different plant species. however, little is known about wrky proteins in the genome of arachis species and their response to salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) treatment. in this study, we identified 77 and 75 wrky proteins from the two wild ancestral diploid genomes o ... | 2016 | 27200012 |
| dspa/e contributes to apoplastic accumulation of ros in non-host a. thaliana. | the bacterium erwinia amylovora is responsible for the fire blight disease of maleae, which provokes necrotic symptoms on aerial parts. the pathogenicity of this bacterium in hosts relies on its type three-secretion system (t3ss), a molecular syringe that allows the bacterium to inject effectors into the plant cell. e. amylovora-triggered disease in host plants is associated with the t3ss-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ros), although ros are generally associated with resistance ... | 2016 | 27200021 |
| techniques for the analysis of protein-protein interactions in vivo. | identifying key players and their interactions is fundamental for understanding biochemical mechanisms at the molecular level. the ever-increasing number of alternative ways to detect protein-protein interactions (ppis) speaks volumes about the creativity of scientists in hunting for the optimal technique. ppis derived from single experiments or high-throughput screens enable the decoding of binary interactions, the building of large-scale interaction maps of single organisms, and the establishm ... | 2016 | 27208310 |
| arabidopsis nata1 acetylates putrescine and decreases defense-related hydrogen peroxide accumulation. | biosynthesis of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine is induced in response to pathogen infection of plants. putrescine, which is produced from arg, serves as a metabolic precursor for longer polyamines, including spermidine and spermine. polyamine acetylation, which has important regulatory functions in mammalian cells, has been observed in several plant species. here we show that arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) n-acetyltransferase activity1 (nata1) catalyzes acetylation of pu ... | 2016 | 27208290 |
| the entner-doudoroff pathway is an overlooked glycolytic route in cyanobacteria and plants. | glucose degradation pathways are central for energy and carbon metabolism throughout all domains of life. they provide atp, nad(p)h, and biosynthetic precursors for amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids. it is general knowledge that cyanobacteria and plants oxidize carbohydrates via glycolysis [the embden-meyerhof-parnas (emp) pathway] and the oxidative pentose phosphate (opp) pathway. however, we found that both possess a third, previously overlooked pathway of glucose breakdown: the entner ... | 2016 | 27114545 |
| mirna863-3p sequentially targets negative immune regulator arlpks and positive regulator serrate upon bacterial infection. | plant small rnas play important roles in gene regulation during pathogen infection. here we show that mir863-3p is induced by the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae carrying various effectors. early during infection, mir863-3p silences two negative regulators of plant defence, atypical receptor-like pseudokinase1 (arlpk1) and arlpk2, both lacking extracellular domains and kinase activity, through mrna degradation to promote immunity. arlpk1 associates with, and may function through another ... | 2016 | 27108563 |
| molecular characterization and global expression analysis of lectin receptor kinases in bread wheat (triticum aestivum). | lectin receptor kinases (lrks) play a critical role in plants during development and stress conditions, but a comprehensive analysis at genome level is still not carried out in triticum aestivum. herein, we performed the genome wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of these genes in t. aestivum (talrk). in-total 263 talrk genes were identified, which were further classified into three groups based on the nature of lectin domain. we identified, two talrks consisted of calc ... | 2016 | 27111449 |
| atwrky22 promotes susceptibility to aphids and modulates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling. | aphids induce many transcriptional perturbations in their host plants, but the signalling cascades responsible and the effects on plant resistance are largely unknown. through a genome-wide association (gwa) mapping study in arabidopsis thaliana, we identified wrky22 as a candidate gene associated with feeding behaviour of the green peach aphid, myzus persicae the transcription factor wrky22 is known to be involved in pathogen-triggered immunity, and wrky22 gene expression has been shown to be i ... | 2016 | 27107291 |
| draft genome sequences of five pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum strains isolated in france. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidifoliorum causes necrotic spots on the leaves of actinidia deliciosa and actinidia chinensis. p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum has been detected in new zealand, australia, france and spain. four lineages were previously identified within the p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum species group. here, we report the draft genome sequences of five strains of p. syringae pv. actinidifoliorum representative of lineages 1, 2 and 4, isolated in france. the whole genomes of str ... | 2016 | 27237113 |
| ice-nucleating bacteria control the order and dynamics of interfacial water. | ice-nucleating organisms play important roles in the environment. with their ability to induce ice formation at temperatures just below the ice melting point, bacteria such as pseudomonas syringae attack plants through frost damage using specialized ice-nucleating proteins. besides the impact on agriculture and microbial ecology, airborne p. syringae can affect atmospheric glaciation processes, with consequences for cloud evolution, precipitation, and climate. biogenic ice nucleation is also rel ... | 2016 | 27152346 |
| atsweet4, a hexose facilitator, mediates sugar transport to axial sinks and affects plant development. | plants transport photoassimilates from source organs to sink tissues through the phloem translocation pathway. in the transport phloem, sugars that escape from the sieve tubes are released into the apoplasmic space between the sieve element/companion cell complex (se/cc) and phloem parenchyma cells (ppcs) during the process of long-distance transport. the competition for sugar acquisition between se/cc and adjoining ppcs is mediated by plasma membrane translocators. yfp-tagged atsweet4 protein i ... | 2016 | 27102826 |
| genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis strain kb1, a potential biocontrol agent against phytopathogens. | italic! bacillus thuringiensisis the most widely known microbial pesticide used in agricultural applications. herein, we report a draft genome sequence of the endophytic bacterium italic! bacillus thuringiensisstrain kb1, which exhibits antagonism against phytopathogens. | 2016 | 27103716 |
| structure, organization and evolution of adp-ribosylation factors in rice and foxtail millet, and their expression in rice. | adp-ribosylation factors (arfs) have been reported to function in diverse physiological and molecular activities. recent evidences also demonstrate the involvement of arfs in conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plant species. in the present study, 23 and 25 arf proteins were identified in c3 model- rice and c4 model- foxtail millet, respectively. these proteins are classified into four classes (i-iv) based on phylogenetic analysis, with arfs in classes i-iii and arf-like prote ... | 2016 | 27097755 |
| light suppresses bacterial population through the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in tobacco leaves infected with pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (pst) is a hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen responsible for tobacco wildfire disease. although considerable research has been conducted on the tobacco plant's tolerance to pst, the role of light in the responses of the photosystems to pst infection is poorly understood. this study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reduced photosystem damage in tobacco leaves due to pst infection under light conditions. compared to dark conditions, pst infection ... | 2016 | 27148334 |
| comparative proteomics analysis of phloem exudates collected during the induction of systemic acquired resistance. | systemic acquired resistance (sar) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance sar signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish sar in this study, a proteomics approach was used to ident ... | 2016 | 27208255 |
| transcriptional regulation of receptor-like protein genes by environmental stresses and hormones and their overexpression activities in arabidopsis thaliana. | receptor-like proteins (rlps) have been implicated in multiple biological processes, including plant development and immunity to microbial infection. fifty-seven atrlp genes have been identified in arabidopsis, whereas only a few have been functionally characterized. this is due to the lack of suitable physiological screening conditions and the high degree of functional redundancy among atrlp genes. to overcome the functional redundancy and further understand the role of atrlp genes, we studied ... | 2016 | 27099374 |
| gida, a trna modification enzyme, contributes to the growth, and virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | glucose-inhibited division protein (gida), is a trna modification enzyme functioning together with mnme in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl group to position 5 of the anticodon wobble uridine of trna. here, we report a gida homolog from a chinese isolate sc-19 of the zoonotic streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2). gida disruption led to a defective growth, increased capsule thickness, and reduced hemolytic activity. moreover, the gida deletion mutant (δgida) displayed reduced mortality a ... | 2016 | 27148493 |
| alternative splicing of rice wrky62 and wrky76 transcription factor genes in pathogen defense. | the wrky family of transcription factors (tfs) functions as transcriptional activators or repressors in various signaling pathways. in this study, we discovered that oswrky62 and oswrky76, two genes of the wrky iia subfamily, undergo constitutive and inducible alternative splicing. the full-length oswrky62.1 and oswrky76.1 proteins formed homocomplexes and heterocomplexes, and the heterocomplex dominates in the nuclei when analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. transgenic overexpression of os ... | 2016 | 27208272 |
| characterization of a novel cotton subtilase gene gbsbt1 in response to extracellular stimulations and its role in verticillium resistance. | verticillium wilt is a disastrous vascular disease in plants caused by verticillium dahliae. verticillium pathogens secrete various disease-causing effectors in cotton. this study identified a subtilase gene gbsbt1 from gossypium babardense and investigated the roles against v. dahliae infection. gbsbt1 gene expression is responsive to v. dahliae defense signals, jasmonic acid, and ethylene treatments. moreover, the gbsbt1 protein is mainly localized in the cell membrane and moves into the cytop ... | 2016 | 27088499 |
| arabidopsis thaliana dm2h (r8) within the landsberg rpp1-like resistance locus underlies three different cases of eds1-conditioned autoimmunity. | plants have a large panel of nucleotide-binding/leucine rich repeat (nlr) immune receptors which monitor host interference by diverse pathogen molecules (effectors) and trigger disease resistance pathways. nlr receptor systems are necessarily under tight control to mitigate the trade-off between induced defenses and growth. hence, mis-regulated nlrs often cause autoimmunity associated with stunting and, in severe cases, necrosis. nucleocytoplasmic enhanced disease susceptibility1 (eds1) is indis ... | 2016 | 27082651 |
| high diversity revealed in leaf-associated protists (rhizaria: cercozoa) of brassicaceae. | the largest biological surface on earth is formed by plant leaves. these leaf surfaces are colonized by a specialized suite of leaf-inhabiting microorganisms, recently termed "phyllosphere microbiome". microbial prey, however, attract microbial predators. protists in particular have been shown to structure bacterial communities on plant surfaces, but virtually nothing is known about the community composition of protists on leaves. using newly designed specific primers targeting the 18s rdna gene ... | 2016 | 27005328 |
| pathogen-responsive mpk3 and mpk6 reprogram the biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates and their derivatives in arabidopsis immunity. | antimicrobial compounds have critical roles in plant immunity; for example, arabidopsis thaliana and other crucifers deploy phytoalexins and glucosinolate derivatives in defense against pathogens. the pathogen-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase3 (mpk3) and mpk6 have essential functions in the induction of camalexin, the major phytoalexin in arabidopsis. in search of cyanide, a coproduct of ethylene and camalexin biosynthesis, we found that mpk3 and mpk6 also affect the accumulation of e ... | 2016 | 27081184 |
| regulation of growth, cell shape, cell division, and gene expression by second messengers (p)ppgpp and cyclic di-gmp in mycobacterium smegmatis. | the alarmone (p)ppgpp regulates transcription, translation, replication, virulence, lipid synthesis, antibiotic sensitivity, biofilm formation, and other functions in bacteria. signaling nucleotide cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) regulates biofilm formation, motility, virulence, the cell cycle, and other functions. in mycobacterium smegmatis, both (p)ppgpp and c-di-gmp are synthesized and degraded by bifunctional proteins rel(msm) and dcpa, encoded by rel(msm) and dcpa genes, respectively. we have prev ... | 2016 | 26903417 |
| the gsk3/shaggy-like kinase askα contributes to pattern-triggered immunity. | the first layer of immunity against pathogenic microbes relies on the detection of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (pti). despite the increasing knowledge of early pti signaling mediated by prrs and their associated proteins, many downstream signaling components remain elusive. here, we identify the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) glycogen synthase kinase3 (gsk3)/shaggy- ... | 2016 | 27208232 |
| screen identifying arabidopsis transcription factors involved in the response to 9-lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins. | 13-lipoxygenase-derived oxylipins, such as jasmonates act as potent signaling molecules in plants. although experimental evidence supports the impact of oxylipins generated by the 9-lipoxygenase (9-lox) pathway in root development and pathogen defense, their signaling function in plants remains largely elusive. based on the root growth inhibiting properties of the 9-lox-oxylipin 9-hot (9-hydroxy-10,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid), we established a screening approach aiming at identifying transcript ... | 2016 | 27073862 |
| priming by hexanoic acid induce activation of mevalonic and linolenic pathways and promotes the emission of plant volatiles. | hexanoic acid (hx) is a short natural monocarboxylic acid present in some fruits and plants. previous studies reported that soil drench application of this acid induces effective resistance in tomato plants against botrytis cinerea and pseudomonas syringae and in citrus against alternaria alternata and xanthomonas citri. in this work, we performed an in deep study of the metabolic changes produced in citrus by the application of hx in response to the challenge pathogen a. alternata, focusing on ... | 2016 | 27148319 |
| the exocyst complex in health and disease. | exocytosis involves the fusion of intracellular secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane, thereby delivering integral membrane proteins to the cell surface and releasing material into the extracellular space. importantly, exocytosis also provides a source of lipid moieties for membrane extension. the tethering of the secretory vesicle before docking and fusion with the plasma membrane is mediated by the exocyst complex, an evolutionary conserved octameric complex of proteins. recent findings ... | 2016 | 27148529 |
| inhibition of cathepsin b by caspase-3 inhibitors blocks programmed cell death in arabidopsis. | programmed cell death (pcd) is used by plants for development and survival to biotic and abiotic stresses. the role of caspases in pcd is well established in animal cells. over the past 15 years, the importance of caspase-3-like enzymatic activity for plant pcd completion has been widely documented despite the absence of caspase orthologues. in particular, caspase-3 inhibitors blocked nearly all plant pcd tested. here, we affinity-purified a plant caspase-3-like activity using a biotin-labelled ... | 2016 | 27058316 |
| amino acids implicated in plant defense are higher in candidatus liberibacter asiaticus-tolerant citrus varieties. | citrus huanglongbing (hlb), also known as citrus greening, has been threatening the citrus industry since the early 1900's and up to this date there are no effective cures for this disease. field observations and greenhouse controlled studies demonstrated that some citrus genotypes are more tolerant to candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (clas) pathogen than others. however, the mechanisms underpinning tolerance has not been determined yet. the phloem sap composition of clas-tolerant and sensitive ... | 2016 | 27057814 |
| cross-regulation between n metabolism and nitric oxide (no) signaling during plant immunity. | plants are sessile organisms that have evolved a complex immune system which helps them cope with pathogen attacks. however, the capacity of a plant to mobilize different defense responses is strongly affected by its physiological status. nitrogen (n) is a major nutrient that can play an important role in plant immunity by increasing or decreasing plant resistance to pathogens. although no general rule can be drawn about the effect of n availability and quality on the fate of plant/pathogen inte ... | 2016 | 27092169 |
| genome-wide identification and expression analysis of calcium-dependent protein kinase in tomato. | calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) play critical roles in regulating growth, development and stress response in plants. information about cdpks in tomato, however, remains obscure although it is one of the most important model crops in the world. in this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis of the entire tomato genome and identified 29 cdpk genes. these cdpk genes are found to be located in 12 chromosomes, and could be divided into four groups. analysis of the gene structure and ... | 2016 | 27092168 |
| barley disease susceptibility factor racb acts in epidermal cell polarity and positioning of the nucleus. | rho gtpases are regulators of cell polarity and immunity in eukaryotes. in plants, rho-like rac/rop gtpases are regulators of cell shaping, hormone responses, and responses to microbial pathogens. the barley (hordeum vulgare l.) rac/rop protein racb is required for full susceptibility to penetration by blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh), the barley powdery mildew fungus. disease susceptibility factors often control host immune responses. here we show that racb does not interfere with early mic ... | 2016 | 27056842 |
| riboflavin-induced disease resistance requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases 3 and 6 in arabidopsis thaliana. | as a resistance elicitor, riboflavin (vitamin b2) protects plants against a wide range of pathogens. at molecular biological levels, it is important to elucidate the signaling pathways underlying the disease resistance induced by riboflavin. here, riboflavin was tested to induce resistance against virulent pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000) in arabidopsis. results showed that riboflavin induced disease resistance based on mapk-dependent priming for the expression of pr1 gene. ri ... | 2016 | 27054585 |
| draft genome sequences of 18 strains of pseudomonas isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas. | in this paper, we present the draft sequences of 18 genetically diversepseudomonasstrains isolated from kiwifruit plants in new zealand and overseas, including a number that are currently not fully characterized. these sequences will aid in the diagnosis ofpseudomonason kiwifruit for future pest management and border security decision-making. | 2016 | 27056212 |
| characterization of a temperature-responsive two component regulatory system from the antarctic archaeon, methanococcoides burtonii. | cold environments dominate the earth's biosphere and the resident microorganisms play critical roles in fulfilling global biogeochemical cycles. however, only few studies have examined the molecular basis of thermosensing; an ability that microorganisms must possess in order to respond to environmental temperature and regulate cellular processes. two component regulatory systems have been inferred to function in thermal regulation of gene expression, but biochemical studies assessing these syste ... | 2016 | 27052690 |
| impaired chloroplast biogenesis in immutans, an arabidopsis variegation mutant, modifies developmental programming, cell wall composition and resistance to pseudomonas syringae. | the immutans (im) variegation mutation of arabidopsis has green- and white- sectored leaves due to action of a nuclear recessive gene. im codes for ptox, a plastoquinol oxidase in plastid membranes. previous studies have revealed that the green and white sectors develop into sources (green tissues) and sinks (white tissues) early in leaf development. in this report we focus on white sectors, and show that their transformation into effective sinks involves a sharp reduction in plastid number and ... | 2016 | 27050746 |
| insights from the genome sequence of acidovorax citrulli m6, a group i strain of the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbits. | acidovorax citrulli is a seedborne bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch of cucurbit plants including watermelon and melon. a. citrulli strains can be divided into two major groups based on dna fingerprint analyses and biochemical properties. group i strains have been generally isolated from non-watermelon cucurbits, while group ii strains are closely associated with watermelon. in the present study, we report the genome sequence of m6, a group i model a. citrulli strain, isolated from me ... | 2016 | 27092114 |
| external and internal triggers of cell death in yeast. | in recent years, yeast was confirmed as a useful eukaryotic model system to decipher the complex mechanisms and networks occurring in higher eukaryotes, particularly in mammalian cells, in physiological as well in pathological conditions. this article focuses attention on the contribution of yeast in the study of a very complex scenario, because of the number and interconnection of pathways, represented by cell death. yeast, although it is a unicellular organism, possesses the basal machinery of ... | 2016 | 27048816 |
| emerging roles of strigolactones in plant responses to stress and development. | our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. research conducted in the last decade has placed strigolactones (sls) in th ... | 2016 | 27092155 |
| saxa-mediated isothiocyanate metabolism in phytopathogenic pectobacteria. | pectobacteria are devastating plant pathogens that infect a large variety of crops, including members of the family brassicaceae. to infect cabbage crops, these plant pathogens need to overcome the plant's antibacterial defense mechanisms, where isothiocyanates are liberated by hydrolysis of glucosinolates. here, we found that a pectobacterium isolate from the gut of cabbage root fly larvae was particularly resistant to isothiocyanate and even seemed to benefit from the abundant brassica root me ... | 2016 | 26873319 |
| two redundant receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases function downstream of pattern recognition receptors to regulate activation of sa biosynthesis. | salicylic acid (sa) serves as a critical signaling molecule in plant defense. two transcription factors, sard1 and cbp60g, control sa biosynthesis through regulating pathogen-induced expression of isochorismate synthase1, which encodes a key enzyme for sa biosynthesis. here, we report that pattern-triggered immunity compromised receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase1 (pcrk1) and pcrk2 function as key regulators of sa biosynthesis. in the pcrk1 pcrk2 double mutant, pathogen-induced expression of sard1, ... | 2016 | 27208222 |
| elucidation of a masked repeating structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the halotolerant soil bacteria azospirillum halopraeferens au4. | an o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide isolated by the phenol-water extraction from the halotolerant soil bacteria azospirillum halopraeferens type strain au4. the polysaccharide was studied by sugar and methylation analyses, selective cleavages by smith degradation and solvolysis with trifluoroacetic acid, one- and two-dimensional (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the following masked repeating structure of the o-specific polysaccharide was es ... | 2016 | 27340454 |
| arabidopsis heterotrimeric g proteins regulate immunity by directly coupling to the fls2 receptor. | the arabidopsis immune receptor fls2 perceives bacterial flagellin epitope flg22 to activate defenses through the central cytoplasmic kinase bik1. the heterotrimeric g proteins composed of the non-canonical gα protein xlg2, the gβ protein agb1, and the gγ proteins agg1 and agg2 are required for fls2-mediated immune responses through an unknown mechanism. here we show that in the pre-activation state, xlg2 directly interacts with fls2 and bik1, and it functions together with agb1 and agg1/2 to at ... | 2016 | 27043937 |
| dual effect of the cubic ag3po4 crystal on pseudomonas syringae growth and plant immunity. | we previously found that the antibacterial activity of silver phosphate crystals on escherichia coli depends on their structure. we here show that the cubic form of silver phosphate crystal (spc) can also be applied to inhibit the growth of a plant-pathogenic pseudomonas syringae bacterium. spc pretreatment resulted in reduced in planta multiplication of p. syringae. induced expression of a plant defense marker gene pr1 by spc alone is suggestive of its additional plant immunity-stimulating acti ... | 2016 | 27147937 |
| development of specific markers for identification of biovars 1 and 2 strains of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae. | pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, the causal agent of canker in kiwifruit, can be divided into three biovars (biovars 1, 2, and 3). strains belonging to biovar 1 produce phaseolotoxin and were isolated in japan and italy before 2008. strains of biovar 2 produce coronatine instead of phaseolotoxin and have been isolated only in korea. strains belonging to biovar 3 produce neither phaseolotoxin nor coronatine and are responsible for the global outbreak of bacterial canker of kiwifruit in recent ... | 2016 | 27147936 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in rna-seq data of arabidopsis thaliana: a compound distribution approach. | gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product, which may be proteins. a gene is declared differentially expressed if an observed difference or change in read counts or expression levels between two experimental conditions is statistically significant. to identify differentially expressed genes between two conditions, it is important to find statistical distributional property of the data to approximate the nature of differen ... | 2016 | 26949988 |
| coexpression network analysis of the genes regulated by two types of resistance responses to powdery mildew in wheat. | powdery mildew disease caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (bgt) inflicts severe economic losses in wheat crops. a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in wheat resistance to bgt is essential for effectively controlling the disease. here, using the diploid wheat triticum urartu as a host, the genes regulated by immune (im) and hypersensitive reaction (hr) resistance responses to bgt were investigated through transcriptome sequencing. four gene coexpression network ... | 2016 | 27033636 |
| arm-in-arm response regulator dimers promote intermolecular signal transduction. | bacteriophytochrome photoreceptors (bphps) and their cognate response regulators make up two-component signal transduction systems which direct bacteria to mount phenotypic responses to changes in environmental light quality. most of these systems utilize single-domain response regulators to transduce signals through unknown pathways and mechanisms. here we describe the photocycle and autophosphorylation kinetics of rtbphp1, a red light-regulated histidine kinase from the desert bacterium ramlib ... | 2016 | 26833410 |
| the compact genome of the plant pathogen plasmodiophora brassicae is adapted to intracellular interactions with host brassica spp. | the protist plasmodiophora brassicae is a soil-borne pathogen of cruciferous species and the causal agent of clubroot disease of brassicas including agriculturally important crops such as canola/rapeseed (brassica napus). p. brassicae has remained an enigmatic plant pathogen and is a rare example of an obligate biotroph that resides entirely inside the host plant cell. the pathogen is the cause of severe yield losses and can render infested fields unsuitable for brassica crop growth due to the p ... | 2016 | 27036196 |
| pectobacterium atrosepticum and pectobacterium carotovorum harbor distinct, independently acquired integrative and conjugative elements encoding coronafacic acid that enhance virulence on potato stems. | integrative and conjugative elements (ices) play a central role in the evolution of bacterial virulence, their transmission between bacteria often leading to the acquisition of virulence factors that alter host range or aggressiveness. much is known about the functions of the virulence determinants that ices harbor, but little is understood about the cryptic effects of ices on their host cell. in this study, the importance of horizontally acquired island 2 (hai2), an ice in the genome of pectoba ... | 2016 | 27065965 |
| overexpression of slupa-like induces cell enlargement, aberrant development and low stress tolerance through phytohormonal pathway in tomato. | upa20 induces cell enlargement and hypertrophy development. in our research, overexpression of slupa-like, orthologous to upa20, severely affected the growth of vegetative and reproductive tissues. wilted leaves curled upwardly and sterile flowers were found in transgenic lines. through anatomical analysis, palisade and spongy tissues showed fluffy and hypertrophic development in transgenic plants. gene expression analysis showed that ga responsive, biosynthetic and signal transduction genes (e. ... | 2016 | 27025226 |
| the roles of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cellular signaling and stress response in plants. | mitochondria produce atp via respiratory oxidation of organic acids and transfer of electrons to o2 via the mitochondrial electron transport chain. this process produces reactive oxygen species (ros) at various rates that can impact respiratory and cellular function, affecting a variety of signaling processes in the cell. roles in redox signaling, retrograde signaling, plant hormone action, programmed cell death, and defense against pathogens have been attributed to ros generated in plant mitoch ... | 2016 | 27021189 |
| cytotoxic effect and tlc bioautography-guided approach to detect health properties of amazonian hedyosmum sprucei essential oil. | bioautography has been used as rapid and easy strategy to detect and identify bioactive fractions/molecules in the never before investigated hedyosmum sprucei solms (chloranthaceae) essential oil (eo). the antioxidant activity, performed through dpph bioautographic assay and spectrophotometric evaluations (ic50 = 230 ± 10 µg/ml), seemed to be mainly due to α-cadinol and α-muurolol. (hp)tlc bioautography, focused on antimicrobial capacities, pointed out α-cadinol, α-muurolol, τ-muurolol, caryophy ... | 2016 | 27118979 |
| overexpression of poplar ptrwrky89 in transgenic arabidopsis leads to a reduction of disease resistance by regulating defense-related genes in salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent signaling. | the plant hormones jasmonic acid (ja) and salicylic acid (sa) play key roles in plant defenses against pathogens and several wrky transcription factors have been shown to have a role in sa/ja crosstalk. in a previous study, overexpression of the poplar wrky gene ptrwrky89 enhanced resistance to pathogens in transgenic poplars. in this study, the promoter of ptrwrky89 (proptrwrky89) was isolated and used to drive gus reporter gene. high gus activity was observed in old leaves of transgenic arabid ... | 2016 | 27019084 |
| editorial: control of plant pathogens by biogenic elicitors and possible mechanisms of action. | | 2016 | 27047518 |
| activation of plant innate immunity by extracellular high mobility group box 3 and its inhibition by salicylic acid. | damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (damps) signal the presence of tissue damage to induce immune responses in plants and animals. here, we report that high mobility group box 3 (hmgb3) is a novel plant damp. extracellular hmgb3, through receptor-like kinases bak1 and bkk1, induced hallmark innate immune responses, including i) mapk activation, ii) defense-related gene expression, iii) callose deposition, and iv) enhanced resistance to botrytis cinerea. infection by necrotrophic b. cin ... | 2016 | 27007252 |
| synthetic cyclolipopeptides selective against microbial, plant and animal cell targets by incorporation of d-amino acids or histidine. | cyclolipopeptides derived from the antimicrobial peptide c(lys-lys-leu-lys-lys-phe-lys-lys-leu-gln) (bpc194) were prepared on solid-phase and screened against four plant pathogens. the incorporation at lys5 of fatty acids of 4 to 9 carbon atoms led to active cyclolipopeptides. the influence on the antimicrobial activity of the lys residue that is derivatized was also evaluated. in general, acylation of lys1, lys2 or lys5 rendered the sequences with the highest activity. incorporation of a d-amin ... | 2016 | 27008420 |
| banana fruit vq motif-containing protein5 represses cold-responsive transcription factor mawrky26 involved in the regulation of ja biosynthetic genes. | most harvested fruits and vegetables are stored at low temperature but many of them are highly sensitive to chilling injury. jasmonic acid (ja), a plant hormone associated with various stress responses, is known to reduce chilling injury in fruits. however, little is known about the transcriptional regulation of ja biosynthesis in relation to cold response of fruits. here, we show the involvement of a group i wrky transcription factor (tf) from banana fruit, mawrky26, in regulating ja biosynthes ... | 2016 | 27004441 |
| in silico study on arabidopsis bag gene expression in response to environmental stresses. | bag (bcl-2 athanogene) family proteins are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, and they have been proposed to play a crucial role in plant programmed cell death (pcd). during the past decade, with the help of advanced bioinformatics tools, seven homologs of bag genes have been identified in the arabidopsis genome; these genes are involved in pathogen attack and abiotic stress conditions. in this study, gene expression of arabidopsis bag family members under environmental stresses was analyz ... | 2016 | 27002965 |
| in silico study on arabidopsis bag gene expression in response to environmental stresses. | bag (bcl-2 athanogene) family proteins are conserved in a wide range of eukaryotes, and they have been proposed to play a crucial role in plant programmed cell death (pcd). during the past decade, with the help of advanced bioinformatics tools, seven homologs of bag genes have been identified in the arabidopsis genome; these genes are involved in pathogen attack and abiotic stress conditions. in this study, gene expression of arabidopsis bag family members under environmental stresses was analyz ... | 2016 | 27002965 |
| activation of shikimate, phenylpropanoid, oxylipins, and auxin pathways in pectobacterium carotovorum elicitors-treated moss. | plants have developed complex defense mechanisms to cope with microbial pathogens. pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and damage-associated molecular patterns (damps) are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (prrs), leading to the activation of defense. while substantial progress has been made in understanding the activation of plant defense by pamps and damps recognition in tracheophytes, far less information exists on related processes in early divergent plants like mosses. t ... | 2016 | 27047509 |
| new opportunities for the integration of microorganisms into biological pest control systems in greenhouse crops. | biological pest control with mass-produced arthropod natural enemies is well developed in greenhouse crops and has often resulted in the evolution of complex ecosystems with persistent populations of multiple arthropod natural enemy species. however, there are cases where arthropod natural enemies are either not effective enough, not available, or their use is rather costly. for these reasons, biological control based on microorganisms, also referred to as 'microbials', represents a complementar ... | 2016 | 27340390 |
| evaluation of putative reference genes for quantitative real-time pcr normalization in lilium regale during development and under stress. | normalization to reference genes is the most common method to avoid bias in real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr), which has been widely used for quantification of gene expression. despite several studies on gene expression, lilium, and particularly l. regale, has not been fully investigated regarding the evaluation of reference genes suitable for normalization. in this study, nine putative reference genes, namely 18s rrna, act, bhlh, cla, cyp, ef1, gapdh, sand and tip41, were analyzed for accurate ... | 2016 | 27019788 |
| studies on the infection, colonization, and movement of pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in kiwifruit tissues using a gfpuv-labeled strain. | kiwifruit bacterial canker, an economically important disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), has caused severe losses in all major areas of kiwifruit cultivation. using a gfpuv-labeled strain of psa, we monitored the invasion, colonization, and movement of the pathogen in kiwifruit twigs, leaves and veins. the pathogen can invade twigs through both wounds and natural openings; the highest number of psa is obtained in cut tissues. we determined that, following spray inoculat ... | 2016 | 26999596 |
| decipher the molecular response of plant single cell types to environmental stresses. | the analysis of the molecular response of entire plants or organs to environmental stresses suffers from the cellular complexity of the samples used. specifically, this cellular complexity masks cell-specific responses to environmental stresses and logically leads to the dilution of the molecular changes occurring in each cell type composing the tissue/organ/plant in response to the stress. therefore, to generate a more accurate picture of these responses, scientists are focusing on plant single ... | 2016 | 27088086 |
| horizontal gene acquisitions, mobile element proliferation, and genome decay in the host-restricted plant pathogen erwinia tracheiphila. | modern industrial agriculture depends on high-density cultivation of genetically similar crop plants, creating favorable conditions for the emergence of novel pathogens with increased fitness in managed compared with ecologically intact settings. here, we present the genome sequence of six strains of the cucurbit bacterial wilt pathogen erwinia tracheiphila (enterobacteriaceae) isolated from infected squash plants in new york, pennsylvania, kentucky, and michigan. these genomes exhibit a high pr ... | 2016 | 26992913 |
| katg, the bifunctional catalase of xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, responds to hydrogen peroxide and contributes to epiphytic survival on citrus leaves. | xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is the bacterium responsible for citrus canker. this bacterium is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ros) at different points during its life cycle, including those normally produced by aerobic respiration or upon exposition to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. moreover, ros are key components of the host immune response. among enzymatic ros-detoxifying mechanisms, catalases eliminate h2o2, avoiding the potential damage caused by this specie. xcc genome includes f ... | 2016 | 26990197 |
| the black-box of plant apoplast lipidomes. | | 2016 | 27047507 |
| editorial: lipid signaling in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. | | 2016 | 27014335 |
| identification and characterisation of dof transcription factors in the cucumber genome. | cucumber is vulnerable to many foliage diseases. recent studies reported cloning of candidate genes for several diseases in cucumber; however, the exact defence mechanisms remain unclear. dof genes have been shown to play significant roles in plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. dof genes coding for plant-specific transcription factors can promote large-scale expression of defence-related genes at whole genome level. the genes in the family have been identifie ... | 2016 | 26979661 |
| calcium sensors as key hubs in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. | the ca(2+) ion is recognized as a crucial second messenger in signaling pathways coupling the perception of environmental stimuli to plant adaptive responses. indeed, one of the earliest events following the perception of environmental changes (temperature, salt stress, drought, pathogen, or herbivore attack) is intracellular variation of free calcium concentrations. these calcium variations differ in their spatio-temporal characteristics (subcellular location, amplitude, kinetics) with the natu ... | 2016 | 27014336 |
| modulation of r-gene expression across environments. | some environments are more conducive to pathogen growth than others, and, as a consequence, plants might be expected to invest more in resistance when pathogen growth is favored. resistance (r-) genes in arabidopsis thaliana have unusually extensive variation in basal expression when comparing the same r-gene among accessions collected from different environments. r-gene expression variation was characterized to explore whether r-gene expression is up-regulated in environments favoring pathogen ... | 2016 | 26983577 |
| the evolutionarily conserved e3 ubiquitin ligase atchip contributes to plant immunity. | plants possess a sophisticated immune system to recognize and respond to microbial threats in their environment. the level of immune signaling must be tightly regulated so that immune responses can be quickly activated in the presence of pathogens, while avoiding autoimmunity. hsp90s, along with their diverse array of co-chaperones, forms chaperone complexes that have been shown to play both positive and negative roles in regulating the accumulation of immune receptors and regulators. in this st ... | 2016 | 27014328 |
| the arabidopsis auxin receptor f-box proteins afb4 and afb5 are required for response to the synthetic auxin picloram. | the plant hormone auxin is perceived by a family of f-box proteins called the tir1/afbs. phylogenetic studies reveal that these proteins fall into four clades in flowering plants called tir1, afb2, afb4, and afb6. genetic studies indicate that members of the tir1 and afb2 groups act as positive regulators of auxin signaling by promoting the degradation of the aux/iaa transcriptional repressors. in this report, we demonstrate that both afb4 and afb5 also function as auxin receptors based on in vi ... | 2016 | 26976444 |
| a novel method of transcriptome interpretation reveals a quantitative suppressive effect on tomato immune signaling by two domains in a single pathogen effector protein. | effector proteins are translocated into host cells by plant-pathogens to undermine pattern-triggered immunity (pti), the plant response to microbe-associated molecular patterns that interferes with the infection process. individual effectors are found in variable repertoires where some constituents target the same pathways. the effector protein avrpto from pseudomonas syringae has a core domain (cd) and c-terminal domain (ctd) that each promotes bacterial growth and virulence in tomato. the indi ... | 2016 | 26976140 |
| bacteria-host relationship: ubiquitin ligases as weapons of invasion. | eukaryotic cells utilize the ubiquitin (ub) system for maintaining a balanced functioning of cellular pathways. although the ub system is exclusive to eukaryotes, prokaryotic bacteria have developed an armory of ub ligase enzymes that are capable of employing the ub systems of various hosts, ranging from plant to animal cells. these enzymes have been acquired through the evolution and can be classified into three main classes, ring (really interesting new gene), hect (homologous to the e6-ap car ... | 2016 | 26964724 |
| cucumber necrosis virus recruits cellular heat shock protein 70 homologs at several stages of infection. | rna viruses often depend on host factors for multiplication inside cells due to the constraints of their small genome size and limited coding capacity. one such factor that has been exploited by several plant and animal viruses is heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) family homologs which have been shown to play roles for different viruses in viral rna replication, viral assembly, disassembly, and cell-to-cell movement. using next generation sequence analysis, we reveal that several isoforms of hsp70 a ... | 2016 | 26719261 |
| genome sequences of two pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 1 strains, isolated from tomato fields in california. | pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 1 strains have evolved to overcome genetic resistance in tomato. here, we present the draft genome sequences of two race 1 p. syringae pv. tomato strains, a9 and 407, isolated from diseased tomato plants in california. | 2016 | 26966221 |
| characterization of sala, syrf, and syrg genes and attendant regulatory networks involved in plant pathogenesis by pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a. | pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a, causal agent of brown spot on bean, is an economically important plant pathogen that utilizes extracellular signaling to initiate a lifestyle change from an epiphyte to a pathogen. luxr regulatory proteins play an important role in the transcriptional regulation of a variety of biological processes involving two-component signaling, quorum sensing, and secondary metabolism. analysis of the b728a genome identified 24 luxr-like proteins, three of which are ... | 2016 | 26954255 |
| the chloroplastic protein thf1 interacts with the coiled-coil domain of the disease resistance protein n' and regulates light-dependent cell death. | one branch of plant immunity is mediated through nucleotide-binding/leu-rich repeat (nb-lrr) family proteins that recognize specific effectors encoded by pathogens. members of the i2-like family constitute a well-conserved subgroup of nb-lrrs from solanaceae possessing a coiled-coil (cc) domain at their n termini. we show here that the cc domains of several i2-like proteins are able to induce a hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death associated with disease resistance. usin ... | 2016 | 26951433 |
| lack of host specialization on winter annual grasses in the fungal seed bank pathogen pyrenophora semeniperda. | generalist plant pathogens may have wide host ranges, but many exhibit varying degrees of host specialization, with multiple pathogen races that have narrower host ranges. these races are often genetically distinct, with each race causing highest disease incidence on its host of origin. we examined host specialization in the seed pathogen pyrenophora semeniperda by reciprocally inoculating pathogen strains from bromus tectorum and from four other winter annual grass weeds (bromus diandrus, bromu ... | 2016 | 26950931 |
| identification of an extracellular endoglucanase that is required for full virulence in xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. | xanthomonas citri subsp. citri causes citrus canker disease, which is characterized by the formation of water-soaked lesions, white or yellow spongy pustules and brown corky canker. in this work, we report the contribution of extracellular endoglucanase to canker development during infection. the ectopic expression of nine putative cellulases in escherichia coli indicated that two endoglucanases, bglc3 and engxca, show carboxymethyl cellulase activity. both bglc3 and engxca genes were transcribe ... | 2016 | 26950296 |
| overlapping yet response-specific transcriptome alterations characterize the nature of tobacco-pseudomonas syringae interactions. | in this study transcriptomic alterations of bacterially induced pattern triggered immunity (pti) were compared with other types of tobacco-pseudomonas interactions. in addition, using pharmacological agents we blocked some signal transduction pathways (ca(2+) influx, kinases, phospholipases, proteasomic protein degradation) to find out how they contribute to gene expression during pti. pti is the first defense response of plant cells to microbes, elicited by their widely conserved molecular patt ... | 2016 | 27014286 |
| the effect of microrna-375 overexpression, an inhibitor of helicobacter pylori-induced carcinogenesis, on lncrna sox2ot. | helicobacter pylori is a major human pathogenic bacterium in gastric mucosa. although the association between gastric cancer and h. pylori has been well-established, the molecular mechanisms underlying h. pylori-induced carcinogenesis are still under investigation. micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. recently, studies have revealed that mirnas are involved in immune response and host cell response to bacteria. also, microrna ... | 2016 | 27800139 |
| de novo analysis of transcriptome reveals genes associated with leaf abscission in sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.). | sugarcane (saccharum officinarum l.) is an important sugar crop which belongs to the grass family and can be used for fuel ethanol production. the growing demands for sugar and biofuel is asking for breeding a sugarcane variety that can shed their leaves during the maturity time due to the increasing cost on sugarcane harvest. | 2016 | 26946183 |
| plant aquaporin atpip1;4 links apoplastic h2o2 induction to disease immunity pathways. | hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) is a stable component of reactive oxygen species, and its production in plants represents the successful recognition of pathogen infection and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). this production of h2o2 is typically apoplastic but is subsequently associated with intracellular immunity pathways that regulate disease resistance, such as systemic acquired resistance and pamp-triggered immunity. here, we elucidate that an arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) aquapo ... | 2016 | 26945050 |
| nbcspr underlies age-dependent immune responses to bacterial cold shock protein in nicotiana benthamiana. | plants use receptor kinases (rks) and receptor-like proteins (rlps) as pattern recognition receptors (prrs) to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) that are typical of whole classes of microbes. after ligand perception, many leucine-rich repeat (lrr)-containing prrs interact with the lrr-rk bri1-associated kinase 1 (bak1). bak1 is thus expected to interact with unknown prrs. here, we used bak1 as molecular bait to identify a previously unknown lrr-rlp required for the recognition ... | 2016 | 26944079 |
| bacteriocins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis: generalities and potential applications. | the members of the bacillus thuringiensis group, commonly known as bt, produce a huge number of metabolites, which show biocidal and antagonistic activity. b. thuringiensis is widely known for synthesizing cry, vip and cyt proteins, active against insects and other parasporins with biocidal activity against certain types of cancerous cells. nevertheless, b. thuringiensis also synthesizes compounds with antimicrobial activity, especially bacteriocins. some b. thuringiensis bacteriocins resemble l ... | 2016 | 27340340 |
| complete genome sequence of pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa strain atcc 10859, isolated from infected wheat. | pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa is a pathovar of pseudomonas syringae that can infect wheat. the complete genome of p. syringae pv. lapsa strain atcc 10859 contains a 5,918,899-bp circular chromosome with 4,973 coding sequences, 16 rrnas, 69 trnas, and an average gc content of 59.13%. the analysis of this genome revealed several gene clusters that are related to pathogenesis and virulence. | 2016 | 26941133 |
| are pectin esterase inhibitor genes involved in mediating resistance to rhynchosporium commune in barley? | a family of putative pectin esterase inhibitor (pei) genes, which were detected in the genomic region co-segregating with the resistance gene rrs2 against scald caused by rhynchosporium commune in barley, were characterized and tested for their possible involvement in mediating resistance to the pathogen by complementation and overexpression analysis. the sequences of the respective genes were derived from two bac contigs originating from the susceptible cultivar 'morex'. for the genes hvpei2, h ... | 2016 | 26937960 |
| pp2a phosphatase as a regulator of ros signaling in plants. | reactive oxygen species (ros) carry out vital functions in determining appropriate stress reactions in plants, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the sensing, signaling and response to ros as signaling molecules are not yet fully understood. recent studies have underscored the role of protein phosphatase 2a (pp2a) in ros-dependent responses involved in light acclimation and pathogenesis responses in arabidopsis thaliana. genetic, proteomic and metabolomic studies have demonstrated that trim ... | 2016 | 26950157 |
| mutation of the glucosinolate biosynthesis enzyme cytochrome p450 83a1 monooxygenase increases camalexin accumulation and powdery mildew resistance. | small secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates and the major phytoalexin camalexin, play important roles in immunity in arabidopsis thaliana. we isolated an arabidopsis mutant with increased resistance to the powdery mildew fungus golovinomyces cichoracearum and identified a mutation in the gene encoding cytochrome p450 83a1 monooxygenase (cyp83a1), which functions in glucosinolate biosynthesis. the cyp83a1-3 mutant exhibited enhanced defense responses to g. cichoracearum and double mutan ... | 2016 | 26973671 |
| allantoin, a stress-related purine metabolite, can activate jasmonate signaling in a myc2-regulated and abscisic acid-dependent manner. | allantoin is a metabolic intermediate of purine catabolism that often accumulates in stressed plants. recently, we used arabidopsis knockout mutants (aln) of allantoinase to show that this purine metabolite activates abscisic acid (aba) production, thereby stimulating stress-related gene expression and enhancing seedling tolerance to abiotic stress. a detailed re-examination of the microarray data of an aln mutant (aln-1) confirmed the increased expression of aba-related genes and also revealed ... | 2016 | 26931169 |
| morphological and chemical characteristics of doubled haploids of flue-cured tobacco combining resistance to thielaviopsis basicola and tswv. | thielaviopsis basicola and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) are the most important problems in a moderate climate zone. previously obtained doubled haploids (dh) of f1 hybrids of the flue-cured line wgl3 resistant to th. basicola and the dark-cured line pw-834 carrying rtsw-al gene provided the research material. biological tests and scar markers linked with tswv were applied to confirm resistance of dh. lines combining resistance to tswv and th. basicola were evaluated for morphological and che ... | 2016 | 27162500 |
| triticum monococcum lines with distinct metabolic phenotypes and phloem-based partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid rhopalosiphum padi. | crop protection is an integral part of establishing food security, by protecting the yield potential of crops. cereal aphids cause yield losses by direct damage and transmission of viruses. some wild relatives of wheat show resistance to aphids but the mechanisms remain unresolved. in order to elucidate the location of the partial resistance to the bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi, in diploid wheat lines of triticum monococcum, we conducted aphid performance studies using developmental ... | 2016 | 27570248 |
| phylogeny of plant camtas and role of atcamtas in nonhost resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | calmodulin-binding transcription activator (camta) constitutes one of the most important ca(2+)/cam-regulated transcription factor families in plants. nevertheless, the phylogeny, protein interaction network, and role in nonhost resistance of plant camtas are not well understood. in this study, 200 camta genes were identified from 35 species representing four major plant lineages. the camta genes were conserved in multicellular land plants but absent in unicellular eukaryotes, and were likely to ... | 2016 | 26973658 |
| a rice lsd1-like-type zfp gene oslol5 enhances saline-alkaline tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana, yeast and rice. | zinc finger proteins (zfps) play an important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. however, little is known about the function of lsd1-like-type zfp in saline-alkaline (sa) stress resistance of rice. in this study, oslol5 (genbank no. aj620677), containing two lsd1-like-type c2c2 domains, was isolated and analyzed its protection roles in transgenic plants and yeast. oslol5 was located in the nucleus as evidenced by the bombardment of onion epidermal cells. | 2016 | 26920613 |
| functional analysis of the ferric uptake regulator gene fur in xanthomonas vesicatoria. | iron is essential for the growth and survival of many organisms. intracellular iron homeostasis must be maintained for cell survival and protection against iron toxicity. the ferric uptake regulator protein (fur) regulates the high-affinity ferric uptake system in many bacteria. to investigate the function of the fur gene in xanthomonas vesicatoria (xv), we generated a fur mutant strain, fur-m, by site-directed mutagenesis. whereas siderophore production increased in the xv fur mutant, extracell ... | 2016 | 26910324 |
| editorial: salicylic acid signaling networks. | | 2016 | 26941775 |