| [prevention and treatment of acute diarrhea in infants]. | the prognosis of acute diarrhoea in infants is most often satisfactory in industrialized countries. however, it has been estimated that 10 to 15 children die every year in france from acute dehydration due to acute diarrhoea. in spite of an increasing use over the least few years, oral rehydration solutions (ors) are used in only 70% of infants presenting with acute diarrhoea. the use of homemade ors, plain water or fizzy drink should be strictly avoided. in case of acute diarrhoea there is no i ... | 2007 | 17629685 |
| immunizations, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and animal-induced injuries. | to report recent research findings and new recommendations on immunizations, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and animal-induced injuries. | 2007 | 17630617 |
| effector role of neonatal hepatic cd8+ lymphocytes in epithelial injury and autoimmunity in experimental biliary atresia. | lymphocytes populate the livers of infants with biliary atresia, but it is unknown whether neonatal lymphocytes regulate pathogenesis of disease. here, we investigate this question by examining the role of t lymphocytes in the destruction of extrahepatic bile ducts of neonatal mice using an experimental model of biliary atresia. | 2007 | 17631148 |
| preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis: do you have the facts? | from 1 july 2007 two new rotavirus vaccines licensed for use in australia (rotateq csl biotherapies/merck and rotarix glaxo smith kline) will be funded for the national immunisation program. the vaccines differ with respect to their composition and the timing and mode of administration. both have been evaluated in huge randomised trials and shown to be highly effective in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis, including severe disease requiring hospital admission. neither has been associated with ... | 2007 | 17635688 |
| new vaccines to boost child care in developing countries. | | 2007 | 17639237 |
| global advisory committee on vaccine safety, 12-13 june 2007. | | 2007 | 17642098 |
| burden of disease & molecular epidemiology of group a rotavirus infections in india. | rotavirus is the major cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. considerable research has been carried out on rotavirus disease in india. this review collated data from 46 epidemiological studies to determine rotavirus positivity rates and genotypes of infecting rotavirus strains from various settings in india. studies on diarrhoea presenting to hospitals, neonatal rotavirus infections, symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in the community and nosocomial enteric infe ... | 2007 | 17642497 |
| rotavirus infection among infants and young children in chennai, south india. | group a rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiologic agent of childhood gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. rapid progress towards the development of an efficacious rotavirus vaccine has warranted extensive epidemiological studies on rotavirus serotypes that cause severe disease in developing and developed countries and to monitor the emergence of newer and unusual strains in different geographical settings that could represent variants not covered by existing vaccin ... | 2004 | 17642741 |
| a study of diarrhoea among children in eastern nepal with special reference to rotavirus. | to examine the incidence of rotavirus infection in children below five years of age. | 2003 | 17642988 |
| intracellular disassembly of infectious rotavirus particles by depletion of ca2+ sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum at the end of virus cycle. | rotavirus infection is characterized by a number of ca(2+) dependent virus-cell interactions. the structure of rotavirus triple-layered particles (tlp) is dependent on ca(2+) concentration. acquisition of the capsid outer layer requires a high ca(2+) concentration inside the er. infection modifies ca(2+) homeostasis of the cell, increasing er ca(2+) content, which may be advantageous to virus replication. we studied the role of sequestered ca(2+) on the stabilization of already mature viral part ... | 2007 | 17643542 |
| development of a simple and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for diarrhea-causative porcine rotavirus in swine stool. | a rapid and simple immunochromatography (ic) strip test, for specific detection of porcine rotavirus (prv) in stool specimen, was developed. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the osu strain of prv have been produced in mice. among them, two hybridoma clones that generate mab-1 and mab-2, respectively, specific for vp6 protein of prv, have been selected. in the ic configuration, mab-1, one of the selected mabs was used to the designed coat microparticles (mp), while another mab-2 was used to fix it ... | 2007 | 17644198 |
| diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and other causes of childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in children living in a wastewater-use area in hanoi, vietnam. | a case-control study was conducted to identify the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in pre-school children in a suburban area of hanoi where the use of untreated wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture is a common practice. stool specimens and clinical information were collected from 111 pairs of children with diarrhoea and healthy controls. a total of 73 cases (66 %) and 41 controls (36 %) had an enteric pathogen. the pathogens most often associated with diarrhoea were rotavirus (17 % of case ... | 2007 | 17644717 |
| [norovirus associated outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in hospitals in beijing in late 2006]. | to identify the etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks occurred in 6 hospitals in beijing from november to the end of 2006 and to characterize the virus on molecular biology. | 2007 | 17649649 |
| [a study on viral gastroenteritis attributed to noroviruses in hospitals]. | to better understand the clinical feature of viral gastroenteritis attributed to noroviruses and to summarize the experience on an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis through rapidly colleting and confirmation of related information regarding to noroviruses in hospitals. | 2007 | 17649683 |
| electropherotypes of rotaviruses in children less than 5 years old in abidjan, cote d'ivoire in 1997. | rotaviruses are associated with gastroenteritis in human infants and the young of many species. in this study, we analysed the circulating strains of human rotavirus isolated from young children in abidjan by electrophoresis of the viral rna genome in agarose gels. rotavirus strains were identified in 33 children less than two years of age in the yopougon district of abidjan, cote d'lvoire. viral rna was extracted from the stools by phenol-chloroform treatment at 56 degrees c, followed by centri ... | 2001 | 17650045 |
| distribution and phenotype of rotavirus-specific b cells induced during the antigen-driven primary response to 2/6 virus-like particles administered by the intrarectal and the intranasal routes. | selection of mucosal sites is an important step in mucosal vaccine development. the intrarectal (ir) route represents an alternative to the oral route of immunization; nevertheless, immune responses induced by this route are not well defined. here, we studied the early primary b cell response (induction, homing, and phenotype) induced by ir immunization with rotavirus (rv)-2/6 virus-like particles (vlp). using flow cytometry, we traced rv-specific b cells in different lymphoid tissues and analyz ... | 2007 | 17652448 |
| [relationship between severity of rotavirus diarrhea and serotype g and genotype]. | to learn the relationship between severity of rotavirus diarrhea and serotype g and genotype p. | 2007 | 17653318 |
| rotascore study: epidemiological observational study of acute gastroenteritis with or without rotavirus in greek children younger than 5 years old. | we present the results of a prospective multi-center, community-based epidemiological observational study regarding the clinical burden of pediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis (prg) in greece. | 2008 | 17653571 |
| gastroenteritis by rotavirus in spanish children. analysis of the disease burden. | rotavirus is one of the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. with the commercialisation of effective rotavirus vaccines in europe in sight, it is necessary to provide studies which evaluate the disease burden. the aim of this study is two-fold, on one hand, to determine the burden of the rotavirus disease in spanish children under the age of five, and on the other, to estimate the economic cost of these hospitalizations. the study was undertaken during a 5 year period (2000-2004). th ... | 2008 | 17653572 |
| does daily intake of bovine lactoferrin-containing products ameliorate rotaviral gastroenteritis? | | 2007 | 17655624 |
| bioinformatic prediction of polymerase elements in the rotavirus vp1 protein. | rotaviruses are the major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants world-wide. the genome consists of eleven double stranded rna segments. the major segment encodes the structural protein vp1, the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), which is a minor component of the viral inner core. this study is a detailed bioinformatic assessment of the vp1 sequence. using various methods we have identified canonical motifs within the vp1 sequence which correspond to motifs previously identified withi ... | 2007 | 17657346 |
| characterization of the nsp6 protein product of rotavirus gene 11. | the 12kda non-structural protein 6 (nsp6) is the least studied of the rotavirus proteins. in an attempt to further characterize this protein mono-specific antisera was generated using purified protein expressed in e. coli. pulse/chase radio-labeling of virus infected cells was used to show that it is expressed at a steady but low rate throughout the virus replication cycle. in contrast to the other rotavirus non-structural proteins, nsp6 was found to have a high rate of turnover, being completel ... | 2007 | 17658646 |
| phylogenetic analysis of porcine rotavirus in argentina: increasing diversity of g4 strains and evidence of interspecies transmission. | group a rotaviruses are one of the most frequently detected viral agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. in order to characterize rotavirus (rv) strains circulating in argentinean swine, four porcine production farms located in buenos aires were studied. rv strains genotyped as p[6]g4, p[6]g8 and p[1]g6 were found in piglets under 30 days of age, without diarrhea. phylogenetic and sequence analysis of the vp7 gene from g4 strains available in databases, reveals five porcine new lin ... | 2008 | 17659850 |
| clinical update: rotavirus gastroenteritis and its prevention. | | 2007 | 17662867 |
| intussusception trends in hong kong children. | to assess trends in intussusception and to validate the coding in hong kong's computerised discharge information system. | 2007 | 17664532 |
| rotavirus infections and development of type 1 diabetes: an evasive conundrum. | type 1 diabetes (t1d) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease caused by altered immune tolerance to specific proteins leading to a selective destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals. t1d is likely to be triggered by environmental factors, including virus infections in genetically predisposed individuals. rotaviruses are the main cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide, but they seem to have a role also in t1d induction. epidemiological data may ... | 2007 | 17667707 |
| molecular characterization of the largest and smallest genome segments, s1 and s12, of rice gall dwarf virus. | the nucleotide sequences of segments s1 and s12 of a chinese isolate of rice gall dwarf virus (rgdv) were determined. this provides the first complete sequences of these segments. the complete sequence of s1, the largest genome segment of rgdv, was 4,505 nucleotides in length and was predicted to encode a large protein of 1,458 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of nearly 166.2 kda. the protein was related to that encoded by s1 of rice dwarf virus (rdv; 50% identity and 67% similarity) ... | 2007 | 17674177 |
| aetiological role of viruses in puppies with diarrhoea. | | 2007 | 17675636 |
| systemic rotavirus infection. | a new paradigm of rotavirus disease is emerging and rotavirus infection is no longer considered to be localized and confined to the gi tract. new evidence indicates that rotavirus infection is systemic. viral antigen and infectious virus frequently enter the circulation in both children and animal model systems. clinical case reports of systemic sequelae to rotavirus infection in children continue to accumulate, suggesting involvement in systemic disease syndromes. the use of animal models is pr ... | 2007 | 17678424 |
| [rotaviral diarrheas in children 0-14 years of age in zyrardow district in period 2000-2002 with special reference to nosocomial infections]. | dissertation is devoted to rotavirus infections in children 0-14 years of age hospitalized in the hospital of zyrardów in 2000-2002. the first part of the work describes epidemiology of rotaviral infection in children, rotaviral vaccines and also presents data of rotaviral infections in the foreign and polish literature. the second part is concerning the data of rotaviral infection in children hospitalized in zyrardów. stool samples were examined in bacteriological laboratory of powiatowa stacja ... | 2006 | 17682758 |
| detection and identification of echovirus 7 from a child with gastro-enteritis. | gastro-enteritis continues to be a significant cause of mortality in infants and young children in developing countries. some previous studies have associated echoviruses with gastroenteritis. | 2006 | 17685211 |
| acute infectious pediatric gastroenteritis: beyond oral rehydration therapy. | worldwide diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. improvements in gastroenteritis management have reduced the annual number of pediatric deaths attributable to gastroenteritis from 5 million in 1982 to 2 million over 20 years. recent advances are likely to contribute further to a reduction in morbidity and mortality secondary to acute infectious gastroenteritis. a new generation of vaccines against rotavirus is entering into routine use. research into antisec ... | 2007 | 17685883 |
| rotavirus and celiac disease. | | 2007 | 17686081 |
| mapk signaling contributes to rotaviral-induced cholangiocyte injury and viral replication. | biliary atresia is a disease of newborns that results in obliteration of the biliary tree. infection of mice with rhesus rotavirus (rrv) results in a cholangiopathy mirroring human disease. the mitogen associated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathway can be activated by viral binding to cell-surface receptors. we hypothesized that rrv infection of cholangiocytes results in activation of mapk signaling. | 2007 | 17689685 |
| rotavirus vaccines. | | 2007 | 17691162 |
| rotavirus gastroenteritis: why to back up the development of new vaccines? | rotaviruses (rvs) are the main aetiologic agent of severe acute diarrhoea in children under the age of 5, worldwide. given that the currently available preventive measures to fight against the transmission of rv disease are not sufficiently effective, vaccination likely represents the only efficacious adapted response to the massive impact of this infection. although the two current rv vaccines have shown good tolerance and significant efficacy to protect infant against severe rv disease, their ... | 2008 | 17698192 |
| the formation of viroplasm-like structures by the rotavirus nsp5 protein is calcium regulated and directed by a c-terminal helical domain. | the rotavirus nsp5 protein directs the formation of viroplasm-like structures (vls) and is required for viroplasm formation within infected cells. in this report, we have defined signals within the c-terminal 21 amino acids of nsp5 that are required for vls formation and that direct the insolubility and hyperphosphorylation of nsp5. deleting c-terminal residues of nsp5 dramatically increased the solubility of n-terminally tagged nsp5 and prevented nsp5 hyperphosphorylation. computer modeling and ... | 2007 | 17699573 |
| prevalence and characterization of enteric adenoviruses in the south of ireland. | enteric adenoviruses have been shown to be a substantial cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in various parts of the world, and are considered to be the second most common cause of viral gastroenteritis, next to rotavirus in young children. genetic characterization of 95 adenovirus isolates obtained from patients with acute gastroenteritis between 2002 and 2007 from the southern regions of ireland, were characterized by pcr analysis, restriction endonuclease (re) analysis and sequencing analysis. ... | 2007 | 17705179 |
| amino acid substitutions in the vp7 protein of human rotavirus g3 isolated in china, russia, thailand, and vietnam during 2001-2004. | the distribution of rotavirus g-types in the world appears to be changing, especially with the emergence of g3 and g9 in many countries. sequence analysis of the vp7 gene was performed on the 27 human g3 rotavirus strains isolated in china, russia, thailand, and vietnam during 2001-2004. all the strains studied were clustered into the same branch of the phylogenetic tree. the comparison of the g3 deduced amino acid sequences between the studied chinese strains and the strains circulating in chin ... | 2007 | 17705183 |
| isoflavones at concentrations present in soy infant formula inhibit rotavirus infection in vitro. | rotavirus (rv) infections are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in children and domestic animals, infecting virtually all children within their first 5 y of life. infants consuming soy-based infant formula (sbif) are exposed to high levels of isoflavones that exhibit antiviral activity on numerous viruses in vitro and in vivo. thus, the hypothesis that isoflavones would inhibit rv infection was tested. all isoflavones at sbif concentrations were tested individually and as a mixture (mix). v ... | 2007 | 17709444 |
| rotavirus and adenovirus in rondônia. | acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases in humans worldwide. viral gastroenteritis is a global problem in infants and young children. in this study the incidence of diarrhea was assessed in 877 hospitalized children under five years old, over a period of 24 months and distributed in 470 cases of diarrhea and 407 age-matched group with other pathologies, as control group. two antigen detection techniques based on enzyme immunoassay (eia) and latex particles were used for detectio ... | 2007 | 17710298 |
| benign afebrile seizures in acute gastroenteritis: is rotavirus the culprit? | three patients, a 2-year-old girl, a 14-month-old girl, and a 15-month-old boy, were admitted with multiple episodes of benign afebrile seizures. electroencephalograms recorded 1 or 2 days after the last seizure revealed epileptiform discharges. all 3 patients developed a fulminant rotazyme-positive diarrhea toward the end of their respective hospital stay. the prospects of immunological detection in diagnosis and treatment are discussed. | 2007 | 17715285 |
| introduction of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries: remaining challenges. | rotavirus is the principal agent of severe, dehydrating gastro-enteritis in infants and young children worldwide. the main public health tool that can prevent hospitalisation and death from rotavirus is vaccination. one of two current rotavirus vaccines is now licensed in more than 80 countries and is incorporated into childhood immunisation schedules across several countries in the americas and europe. however, since the majority of childhood deaths from rotavirus occur in the developing countr ... | 2007 | 17716443 |
| diversity of group a rotavirus strains circulating in paraguay from 2002 to 2005: detection of an atypical g1 in south america. | group a rotaviruses are the main cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide. | 2007 | 17720620 |
| a live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine. | rotavirus infections are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. this review provides a summary of the development of a live oral rotavirus vaccine, rotarix (glaxosmithkline, rixensart, belgium) developed from a single protective g1p[8] human strain. to attenuate the wild-type virus, the original isolate, 89-12, was passaged multiple times in tissue culture. large safety and efficacy trials that have included more than 100,000 children around the world have shown ... | 2007 | 17724495 |
| pediatric immunizations: what's new in 2007. | | 2007 | 17727137 |
| impact of porcine group a rotavirus co-infection on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus pathogenicity in piglets. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and porcine group a rotavirus (pgar) are the main causative agents of acute diarrhea in piglets. in south korea, pgar is prevalent in piglets naturally infected with pedv. piglets naturally co-infected with pedv and pgar appeared to have severe and prolonged diarrhea that was distinct from that commonly observed. the aim of this study was to determine the impact of pgar co-infection on pedv pathogenicity in piglets. thirty-six colostrum-deprived, one-day ol ... | 2008 | 17727905 |
| characterization of a g11,p[4] strain of human rotavirus isolated in south korea. | a novel human rotavirus strain, cuk-1, containing a g11 type combined with a p[4] type was isolated from a 1-year-old female patient with fever and severe diarrhea at our lady of mercy hospital in incheon, south korea. this cuk-1 strain showed the highest degree of nucleic acid similarity (98.7% and 93%) to g11 dhaka6 and p[4] rv 5, respectively. this novel combined type of cuk-1 rotavirus strain (g11,p[4]) was uncovered from humans and is reported on here for the first time. | 2007 | 17728473 |
| first detection of g12 rotaviruses in newborns with neonatal rotavirus infection at all india institute of medical sciences, new delhi, india. | rotavirus genotype g12 strains were detected for the first time among newborns with asymptomatic rotavirus infection (74% of 39 rotavirus strains isolated from the infected infants were genotype g12) in the nursery of the all india institute of medical sciences during a period from 2005 to 2006. sequence analysis of the vp7 genes from these neonatal strains indicated a high level of homology to other g12 strains reported worldwide, suggesting the recent emergence of these strains in humans. such ... | 2007 | 17728476 |
| university-industry programs. | in the report by r. g. wyatt et al. "human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro" (11 jan., p. 189), in the sentence describing the porcine rotavirus plaque reduction test (p. 190, column 3, line 16), the concentration of pancreatin in the agar overlay should have been given as "0.15 percent of 2.5 percen pantreatin 4 x n. f.; gibco." | 1980 | 17729852 |
| rotavirus vaccines: entering a new stage of deployment. | rotavirus is the single most important cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and young children. this review provides updated information concerning three rotavirus vaccines that are being evaluated and introduced globally. | 2007 | 17762784 |
| detection of human bocavirus in children hospitalized because of acute gastroenteritis. | the idea that human bocavirus (hbov) infection possibly plays a role in gastroenteritis has been suggested because of the frequent manifestation of gastrointestinal symptoms. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hbov in children with gastroenteritis. we studied the etiologic agents in 962 children hospitalized with gastroenteritis. viral etiologic agents were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. a viral agent ... | 2007 | 17763319 |
| genetic relationship between porcine rotavirus strains bearing a new p-type. | | 2007 | 17766061 |
| three-year surveillance of intussusception in children in switzerland. | we attempted to obtain baseline data on the incidence of intussusception and its association with gastroenteritis in a cross-sectional observational study in children. | 2007 | 17766518 |
| outbreak of rotaviral diarrhoea in a relief camp for tsunami victims at car nicobar island, india. | | 2007 | 17766840 |
| an experimental study and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the antisecretory activity of lactobacillus acidophilus strain lb against nonrotavirus diarrhea. | previous studies have shown that selected strains of lactobacillus have the capacity to antagonize rotavirus-induced diarrhea. however, only a few reports have documented their efficacy against nonrotavirus diarrhea. this study involved an experimental investigation and a clinical trial of the antisecretory activity of lactobacillus acidophilus strain lb in the context of nonrotavirus diarrhea. | 2007 | 17768180 |
| [characterisation of viral agents with potential to cause diarrhea in djibouti]. | due to limited laboratory facilities in the tropics, the exact role of enteric viruses in causing diarrhea among adults in the tropics is unknown. the purpose of this report is to describe a multicenter study undertaken in djibouti to determine the prevalence of a large panel of enteric viruses using immunochromatography; antigenic detection by elisa, rt-pcr cellular inoculation, sequence analysis; and indirect serology. study samples were collected from 108 patients presenting acute and sporadi ... | 2007 | 17784676 |
| [prevalence of adenovirus antigens in children presenting with acute diarrhoea]. | viral diarrhoea remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. four major categories of viruses are now recognized as clinically important, including rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and calicivirus. this retrospective epidemiological study was conducted in the east centre part of tunisia. a total of 638 stool samples were collected from children under 5 years of age presenting with acute diarrhoea at hospitals the east centre part of tunisia between october 2003 and sep ... | 2007 | 17784677 |
| efficacy of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg in acute watery diarrhoea of indian children: a randomised controlled trial. | to evaluate the role of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) as probiotic in acute watery diarrhoea (awd). | 2007 | 17803667 |
| crystallographic and biochemical analysis of rotavirus nsp2 with nucleotides reveals a nucleoside diphosphate kinase-like activity. | rotavirus, the major pathogen of infantile gastroenteritis, carries a nonstructural protein, nsp2, essential for viroplasm formation and genome replication/packaging. in addition to rna-binding and helix-destabilizing properties, nsp2 exhibits nucleoside triphosphatase activity. a conserved histidine (h225) functions as the catalytic residue for this enzymatic activity, and mutation of this residue abrogates genomic double-stranded rna synthesis without affecting viroplasm formation. to understa ... | 2007 | 17804496 |
| photocatalytic inactivation of diarrheal viruses by visible-light-catalytic titanium dioxide. | titanium dioxide (tio2) that had been irradiated with visible light (vl) was demonstrated to inactivate rotavirus, astrovirus, and feline calicivirus (fcv). the virus titers were dramatically reduced after exposure for 24 hrs to the vl-catalytic tio2. the addition of bovine serum albumin could protect the virus against inactivation by vl-catalytic tio2 in a dose-dependent manner. this finding implied that the vl-catalytic tio2 products might somehow interact initially with the viral proteins in ... | 2007 | 17821945 |
| [expression, purification of recombinant luxi yellow cattle ifn-alpha fusion protein and its antiviral activities]. | interferon a gene was cloned from genomic dna of chinese luxi yellow cattle by pcr, and the pcr product was inserted into vector pet32a( + ) to make a recombinant plasmid pet32a( + )/boifn-alpha. the expression of boifn-alpha in escherichia coli was induced by addition of iptg. sequence analysis showed that the chinese luxi yellow cattle ifn-alpha gene is composed of 498 nucleotides, encoding a mature polypeptide of 166 amino acids. compared with other boifn-alpha subtypes, it shares the highest ... | 2007 | 17822053 |
| acute childhood diarrhoea in northern ghana: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. | acute diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the dry season 2005/6 in tamale, urban northern ghana. | 2007 | 17822541 |
| an atpase activity associated with the rotavirus phosphoprotein nsp5. | interactions between nsp5 and nsp2 drive the formation of viroplasms, sites of genome replication and packaging in rotavirus-infected cells. the serine-threonine-rich nsp5 transitions between hypo- and hyper-phosphorylated isomers during the replication cycle. in this study, we determined that purified recombinant nsp5 has a mg2+-dependent atp-specific triphosphatase activity that generates free adp and pi (vmax of 19.33 fmol of product/min/pmol of enzyme). the atpase activity was correlated wit ... | 2007 | 17825341 |
| advances in defining etiology and new therapeutic approaches in acute diarrhea. | defining etiology of acute diarrhea is critical to disease therapy and prevention. in this review we look at recent developments in etiologic agents of acute diarrhea and advances in therapy and prevention of the illness. newly appreciated agents include enterotoxigenic bacteroides fragilis, klebsiella oxytoca and laribacter hongkongensis. atypical enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strains lacking the gene for epithelial attachment appear to be more important as causes of diarrhea than traditional ... | 2007 | 17825422 |
| etiology of acute diarrhea in children and adults in tunis, tunisia, with emphasis on diarrheagenic escherichia coli: prevalence, phenotyping, and molecular epidemiology. | a total of 271 stool specimens were collected from children (diarrheagenic, n = 115 and control, n = 54) and adults (diarrheagenic, n = 73 and control, n = 29) from tunis, tunisia, and processed to detect bacterial enteropathogens, parasites, and viruses. diarrheagenic escherichia coli (dec) were identified by their virulence genes (polymerase chain reaction) and adherence patterns (tissue culture assays). the most frequently isolated enteric pathogens from diarrheagenic children were enterotoxi ... | 2007 | 17827382 |
| a case of meningoencephalitis associated with g1p[8] rotavirus infection in a japanese child. | we report the case of a 2-y, 11-month-old boy with g1p[8] rotavirus infection accompanied by acute meningoencephalitis. substitutions in both the vp4 and vp7 genes were found in the identified strain. a commonly circulating g1p[8] rotavirus with such mutations might be associated with the pathogenesis of cns complications, including meningoencephalitis. | 2007 | 17852929 |
| changing pattern of rotavirus g genotype distribution in chiang mai, thailand from 2002 to 2004: decline of g9 and reemergence of g1 and g2. | group a rotaviruses are the most common cause of acute viral diarrhea in humans and animals throughout the world. previous surveillance studies of group a rotaviruses in thailand indicated that the dominant types of rotaviruses were changing from time to time. during 2000 and 2001, the g9 rotavirus emerged as the most prevalent genotype, with an exceptionally high frequency (91.6%) in chiang mai, thailand. in the year 2002-2004, group a rotavirus was detected in 98 out of 263 (37.3%) fecal speci ... | 2007 | 17854032 |
| molecular characterization of g11p[25] and g3p[3] human rotavirus strains associated with asymptomatic infection in south india. | rotaviruses are the major etiological agents of diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age. two unusual rotavirus strains not previously reported in india, g11p[25] (cri 10795) and g3p[3] (cri 33594) were isolated from faecal samples of asymptomatic children in india. the strains were characterized by sequence analysis of the genes encoding the vp7, vp4, vp6, and nsp4. the g11p[25] strain was closely related to the human g11p[25] strains from bangladesh (with 98% identity at the nucleotide [n ... | 2007 | 17854037 |
| molecular characterization of calicivirus strains detected in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in argentina. | eight outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in argentina in 2004 were tested for the presence of calicivirus, rotavirus and astrovirus as possible causative agents. caliciviruses were found in 39 out of the 100 tested samples, followed by six astrovirus-positive samples and two rotavirus-positive samples. thirty-seven out of the 39 calicivirus-positive samples were typed as norovirus while the remaining two were typed as sapovirus. sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 13 norovirus-positiv ... | 2007 | 17854042 |
| rotavirus vaccination for hong kong children: an economic evaluation from the hong kong government perspective. | to perform an economic analysis of government-funded universal rotavirus vaccination in hong kong from the government's perspective. | 2008 | 17855438 |
| the current status of hpv and rotavirus vaccines in national immunisation schedules in the eu--preliminary results of a venice survey. | | 2007 | 17868608 |
| large outbreak of viral gastroenteritis caused by contaminated drinking water in apulia, italy, may-october 2006. | | 2007 | 17868612 |
| comparative analysis of innate immune responses following infection of newborn calves with bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus. | bovine rotavirus (brv) and bovine coronavirus (bcv) are important causes of diarrhoea and death in newborn calves. although these viruses belong to distinct viral classes, they both infect intestinal epithelial cells and induce similar clinical symptoms. rotavirus usually causes an acute infection, but coronavirus infection can persist and reoccur in adults. differences in viral structure and clinical outcome prompted us to postulate that innate mucosal immune responses would be markedly differe ... | 2007 | 17872528 |
| impaired hyperphosphorylation of rotavirus nsp5 in cells depleted of casein kinase 1alpha is associated with the formation of viroplasms with altered morphology and a moderate decrease in virus replication. | the rotavirus (rv) non-structural protein 5, nsp5, is encoded by the smallest of the 11 genomic segments and localizes in 'viroplasms', cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in which viral rna replication and packaging take place. nsp5 is essential for the replicative cycle of the virus because, in its absence, viroplasms are not formed and viral rna replication and transcription do not occur. nsp5 is produced early in infection and undergoes a complex hyperphosphorylation process, leading to the formati ... | 2007 | 17872534 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus in portugal: g9 as a major cause of diarrhoea in non-hospitalised children. | rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children worldwide, but there is no data available on the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis or on the strains circulating in portugal. | 2007 | 17875400 |
| g and p rotavirus genotypes in stool samples from children in teresina, state of piauí. | a total of 123 stool specimens collected in teresina, piauí between 1994 and 1996, from 0 to 2-year-old children with diarrhea, were used for this study. molecular characterization of the g and p rotavirus genotypes was performed using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. the following results were obtained for the p genotypes: p[8] (17. 1%), p[1] (4. 9%), p[4] (3. 3%), p[6, m37] (2. 4%) and mixtures (27. 6%). the p[1]+p[8] mixture was found in 19. 5% of the samples. for the g ge ... | 2007 | 17876455 |
| [rotavirus a among hospitalized infants, up to three years of age, with acute gastroenteritis in campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul]. | polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in campo grande, state of mato grosso do sul, between may 2000 and january 2004. among all the samples, 88 (23.2%) were positive for rotavirus a. out of these, 81 (92%) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87.5%) with a long pattern and four (4.5%) with a short pattern. genotyp ... | 2007 | 17876462 |
| amino acid domains 280-297 of vp6 and 531-554 of vp4 are implicated in heat shock cognate protein hsc70-mediated rotavirus infection. | the rotavirus infection mechanism seems to be a multi-step process which is still not fully understood. the heat shock cognate protein hsc70 has been proposed as being a co-receptor molecule for rotavirus entry into susceptible cells. in this work, an attempt was made to determine the existence of possible domains for vp4 and vp6 binding to hsc70. we selected amino acid sequences 531-554 from vp4 and 280-297 from vp6 on the basis of already recognized sequences for binding to hsc70. this study d ... | 2007 | 17876681 |
| [rotavirus diarrhea among children in three hospitals under sentinel surveillance, from august 2001 to july 2004]. | to learn the epidemiologic characteristics of rotavirus diarrhea in three hospitals under sentinel surveillance from august 2001 to july 2004 and to provide background information for developing and implementing rotavirus vaccine. | 2007 | 17877178 |
| parasitic infections among orang asli (aborigine) in the cameron highlands, malaysia. | in april 2004, an outbreak of acute diarrheal illness occurred among the orang asli (aborigine) in the cameron highlands, pahang state, peninsular malaysia, where rotavirus was later implicated as the cause. in the course of the epidemic investigation, stool samples were collected and examined for infectious agents including parasites. soil transmitted helminthes (sth), namely ascaris lumbricoides (25.7%), trichuris trichiura (31.1%) and hookworm (8.1%), and intestinal protozoa, which included g ... | 2007 | 17877212 |
| using the natural evolution of a rotavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody to predict the complex topography of a viral antigenic site. | understanding the interaction between viral proteins and neutralizing antibodies at atomic resolution is hindered by a lack of experimentally solved complexes. progress in computational docking has led to the prediction of increasingly high-quality model antibody-antigen complexes. the accuracy of atomic-level docking predictions is improved when integrated with experimental information and expert knowledge. | 2007 | 17877819 |
| implementing rotavirus vaccination in asia. | at the 2006 meeting of the asian pacific pediatric association (appa), the asia pacific regional rotavirus community and international experts strongly recommended that rotavirus vaccines be used in national immunization programmes (nip) in countries in asia. two rotavirus vaccine candidates are currently licensed and have been demonstrated to be safe, well tolerated and highly efficacious. several additional vaccines are in the late stages of development. the conference participants agreed that ... | 2007 | 17881099 |
| [investigation of human calicivirus (hucv) diarrhea among infantile and young children in china, 1999--2005]. | human calicivirus (hucv) has been well known as an important pathogen of outbreak and sporadic acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. to investigate epidemiological feature and genetic diversity of hucv among children in china, fecal specimens were collected from children under 5 years of age with acute diarrhea at 13 hospitals in different provinces across china. the study was performed year-round from january 1999 to june 2005. fecal specimens were tested for bacteria and rotavirus firs ... | 2007 | 17886714 |
| effective prophylaxis against rotavirus diarrhea using a combination of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg and antibodies. | rotavirus is a worldwide cause of infectious infantile diarrhea that claims over 600,000 lives annually. recently, two new vaccine candidates have been developed but their efficacy in developing countries, still remains to be proven. oral delivery of specific immunoglobulins provides passive immunity and is a fast acting treatment for rotavirus diarrhea. probiotic bacteria have also gained considerable attention lately as treatment for rotavirus diarrhea. here we report an evaluation of the ther ... | 2007 | 17900343 |
| routine laboratory testing data for surveillance of rotavirus hospitalizations to evaluate the impact of vaccination. | the recent implementation of a rotavirus vaccination program in the united states makes it imperative to assess the impact of immunization on the incidence of severe rotavirus disease leading to hospitalization. active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed rotavirus hospitalizations is the ideal approach for surveillance, but requires substantial resources to implement. we examined laboratory and hospital discharge data for 2 tertiary care pediatric hospitals to assess the utility of routine lab ... | 2007 | 17901797 |
| [frequency and clinical characteristics of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age treated in community practice in france]. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of cases of gastro-enteritis due to rotavirus in children under 5 years of age consulting community physicians. a secondary objective was to compare the clinical characteristics of children with and without rotavirus acute gastro-enteritis (rv age). | 2007 | 17904767 |
| fatty liver due to high levels of serum tacrolimus after liver transplantation. | tacrolimus has been used extensively for immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric liver transplant recipients. however, patients who are exposed to high levels of serum tacrolimus tend to be associated with a higher incidence of significant nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, pruritus, alopecia, diabetes and infection. we herein report a child who developed increased serum transaminase levels and liver steatosis as a result of raised trough blood level of tacrolimus (30 ng/ml for 3 days) in association ... | 2007 | 17907528 |
| routine rotavirus vaccinations of infants cost us$138 per case averted and us$197,190 per life year saved from a societal perspective. | | 2007 | 17909244 |
| genetic diversity of the vp4 and vp7 genes affects the genotyping of rotaviruses: analysis of paraguayan strains. | the introduction of different multiplex rt-pcr strategies for the characterization of field rotavirus strains has led to improvements of surveillance systems worldwide. nevertheless, the failure or incorrect characterization of rotavirus strains by these pcr strategies, mainly due to accumulation of point mutations in the vp4 and vp7 genes, has been reported. in this work, sequence analyses of the vp4 and vp7 genes from paraguayan g1p[8] and g4p[8] strains revealed that the high degree of simila ... | 2008 | 17913593 |
| immunization update. | although the development and licensure of new vaccines over the last 2 years has generated a lot of excitement as well as debate, there is a lot more to come. not discussed in this article. licensure of another long-awaited vaccine albeit for use in adults was that for herpes zoster. the second hpv and rotavirus vaccines are awaiting approval in the us. next in line are the vaccines both prophylactic as well as therapeutic against hiv. topics of debate over the new vaccines include discussions a ... | 2007 | 17918470 |
| use of formative research in developing a knowledge translation approach to rotavirus vaccine introduction in developing countries. | rotavirus gastroenteritis is the leading cause of diarrheal disease mortality among children under five, resulting in 450,000 to 700,000 deaths each year, and another 2 million hospitalizations, mostly in the developing world. nearly every child in the world is infected with rotavirus at least once before they are five years old. vaccines to prevent rotavirus or minimize its severity are now becoming available, and have already been introduced into the public vaccine programs of several latin am ... | 2007 | 17919334 |
| low cytotoxicity effect of dendrosome as an efficient carrier for rotavirus vp2 gene transferring into a human lung cell line : dendrosome, as a novel intranasally gene porter. | the efficiency of dendrosome (a gene porter) was assessed in transferring recombinant human rotavirus vp2 cdna into a549, a human lung cell line. after gene transferring, transmission electron microscopy showed core-like particles (clps) formation in the transfected cells both with dendrosome and lipofectamine porters. in addition, western blotting analysis showed that the expression of vp2 gene was almost equal in the dendrosome and lipofectamine-transfected cells. also, the cytotoxicity studie ... | 2009 | 17922251 |
| immunomodulatory effects of probiotics in different stages of life. | the immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and foods containing them (e.g., fermented milks) is a topic currently under investigation. individuals could potentially benefit from the inclusion of lab in the diet at different times during the life cycle. one of the most accepted specific uses of probiotic bacteria is the prevention of atopic eczema in infants with family history of the disease who receive the probiotic bacteria early, through supplementation of the gestating mot ... | 2007 | 17922968 |
| influence of enteric viruses on gastroenteritis in albania: epidemiological and molecular analysis. | gastroenteritis is one of the most important diseases in developing country and viral infections are well documented. to understand better the epidemiological aspect of gastroenteritis in albania and especially viral gastroenteritis, one-year study was carried out with the cooperation of physicians working in the paediatric hospital in university hospital center "mother thereza" in tirana. three hundred thirteen stool samples were collected from children with diarrhoea and a questionnaire was fi ... | 2007 | 17935189 |
| sequence analysis of vietnamese p[6] rotavirus strains suggests evidence of interspecies transmission. | nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the vp8* gene of five vietnamese p[6] rotavirus strains detected from hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed and compared with other human and porcine p[6] rotaviruses. it is of interest that these strains had greatest identity with two italian porcine rotavirus strains, 134/04-10 and 134/04-11. to our knowledge, these five vietnamese rotaviruses are the rare p[6] rotavirus strains belonging to lineage i that cluster into sublineage ... | 2007 | 17935191 |
| gastroenteritis and the indian sub-continent: need for diarrhea-defying vaccines. | the current gastroenteritis outbreaks in the india sub-continent have served to re-emphasise the dire importance and need for vaccines to curb diarrhoea and dysentary. | 2007 | 17935841 |
| the cupday study: prebiotic-probiotic milk product in 1-3-year-old children attending childcare centres. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a milk product containing probiotics and prebiotics (cupday milk) on the incidence of diarrhoea in children attending daycare centres. | 2007 | 17937689 |
| [infectious aetiologies of travelers' diarrhoea]. | traveler's diarrhoea (td) occurs in 20 to 60% of european or north-american travelers in intertropical areas. following return from endemic zone, malaria must always be evocated in front of febrile diarrhoea. many causative infectious agents are involved in td and their frequency may vary according to destination and seasons. the main agents involved in td are escherichia coli pathovars (especially enterotoxigenic and enteroaggregative e. coli) followed by enteroinvasive bacteria (campylobacter ... | 2007 | 17942257 |
| rotavirus replication in intestinal cells differentially regulates integrin expression by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway, resulting in increased cell adhesion and virus yield. | changes in the interactions between intestinal cells and their surrounding environment during virus infection have not been well documented. the growth and survival of intestinal epithelial cells, the main targets of rotavirus infection, are largely dependent on the interaction of cell surface integrins with the extracellular matrix. in this study, we detected alterations in cellular integrin expression following rotavirus infection, identified the signaling components required, and analyzed the ... | 2008 | 17942548 |