| augmenting the activity of monoterpenoid phenols against fungal pathogens using 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde that target cell wall integrity. | disruption of cell wall integrity system should be an effective strategy for control of fungal pathogens. to augment the cell wall disruption efficacy of monoterpenoid phenols (carvacrol, thymol), antimycotic potency of benzaldehyde derivatives that can serve as chemosensitizing agents were evaluated against strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae wild type (wt), slt2δ and bck1δ (mutants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and mapk kinase kinase, respectively, in the cell wall integrity p ... | 2015 | 26569223 |
| tet-on, or tet-off, that is the question: advanced conditional gene expression in aspergillus. | in aspergillus, controlled gene expression is often achieved using the reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator (rtta) dependent tet-on system, whereby transcription is activated in a titratable manner by addition of the tetracycline derivative doxycycline. the complementary tet-off system utilises the tetracycline-controlled transactivator (tta) component to quantitatively reduce gene expression. in this study, we utilised a synthetic biological approach to engineer highly optimised tet-o ... | 2016 | 26555930 |
| differential support of aspergillus fumigatus morphogenesis by yeast and human actins. | the actin cytoskeleton is highly conserved among eukaryotes and is essential for cellular processes regulating growth and differentiation. in fungi, filamentous actin (f-actin) orchestrates hyphal tip structure and extension via organization of exocytic and endocytic processes at the hyphal tip. although highly conserved, there are key differences among actins of fungal species as well as between mammalian and fungal actins. for example, the f-actin stabilizing molecules, phalloidin and jasplaki ... | 2015 | 26555617 |
| azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates from an italian culture collection. | the aims of the study were to investigate the prevalence of azole resistance among aspergillus fumigatus clinical isolates. a total of 533 clinical isolates that had been collected between 1995 and 2006, from 441 patients, were screened. no resistance was detected in isolates collected between 1995 and 1997. starting in 1998, the resistance rate was 6.9%; a total of 24 patients (6.25%) harbored a resistant isolate. the tr34/l98h substitution was found in 21 of 30 tested isolates. | 2015 | 26552980 |
| stimulation with lysates of aspergillus terreus, candida krusei and rhizopus oryzae maximizes cross-reactivity of anti-fungal t cells. | invasive fungal diseases caused by filamentous fungi and yeasts are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed hematology patients. we previously published a method to expand aspergillus fumigatus-specific t cells for clinical cell therapy. in the present study, we investigated expansion of t cells specific for other fungal pathogens and creation of a broadly reactive panfungal t-cell product. | 2016 | 26552765 |
| [invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion]. | we report herein on a case of invasive aspergillosis accompanied by a subcutaneous nodular lesion. a 74-years-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome was hospitalized due to high fever and a painful subcutaneous nodule on the left thigh. chest radiography and ct scans showed multiple nodular lesions of both lungs, and bacterial pneumonia was initially suspected. he was treated with meropenem, but the symptoms did not subside. three days after admission, we found that β-d-glucan levels were elevat ... | 2015 | 26552133 |
| ecophysiology of environmental aspergillus fumigatus and comparison with clinical strains on gliotoxin production and elastase activity. | the aim of this manuscript was to study the influence of water activity (aw ) and ph in the ecophysiological behaviour of aspergillus fumigatus strains at human body temperature. in addition, gliotoxin production and enzymatic ability among environmental (n = 2) and clinical (n = 5) strains were compared. ecophysiological study of environmental strains was performed on agar silage incubated at 37°c, studying the interaction at eight aw levels (0·8, 0·85, 0·9, 0·92, 0·94, 0·96, 0·98 and 0·99) and ... | 2016 | 26551056 |
| lipid production in association of filamentous fungi with genetically modified cyanobacterial cells. | numerous strategies have evolved recently for the generation of genetically modified or synthetic microalgae and cyanobacteria designed for production of ethanol, biodiesel and other fuels. in spite of their obvious attractiveness there are still a number of challenges that can affect their economic viability: the high costs associated with (1) harvesting, which can account for up to 50 % of the total biofuel's cost, (2) nutrients supply and (3) oil extraction. fungal-assisted bio-flocculation o ... | 2015 | 26550031 |
| an antifungal combination matrix identifies a rich pool of adjuvant molecules that enhance drug activity against diverse fungal pathogens. | there is an urgent need to identify new treatments for fungal infections. by combining sub-lethal concentrations of the known antifungals fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin b, terbinafine, benomyl, and cyprodinil with ∼3,600 compounds in diverse fungal species, we generated a deep reservoir of chemical-chemical interactions termed the antifungal combinations matrix (acm). follow-up susceptibility testing against a fluconazole-resistant isolate of c. albicans unveiled acm combinations capable ... | 2015 | 26549450 |
| eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis preceding allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. | a 61-year-old chinese man with long-standing, stable eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (egpa) and asthma, presented with acute hypoxemia and declining obstructive pulmonary function. elevated serum ige levels, positive aspergillus fumigatus specific ige and ct findings of central bronchiectasis with small airway mucoid impaction confirmed new development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa). the maintenance therapy for egpa, azathioprine, was discontinued. prednisolone 0 ... | 2015 | 26549342 |
| phosphoinositide 3-kinase-δ regulates fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation through endoplasmic reticulum stress. | sensitisation with aspergillus fumigatus (af) is known to be associated with severe allergic lung inflammation, but the mechanism remains to be clarified. phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k)-δ and endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress are suggested to be involved in steroid-resistant lung inflammation. we aimed to elucidate the role of pi3k-δ and its relationship with er stress in fungus-induced allergic lung inflammation. | 2016 | 26543090 |
| the mycobiota of air inside and outside the meju fermentation room and the origin of meju fungi. | the fungi on meju are known to play an important role as degrader of macromolecule of soybeans. in order to elucidate the origin of fungi on traditional meju, mycobiota of the air both inside and outside traditional meju fermentation rooms was examined. from 11 samples of air collected from inside and outside of 7 meju fermentation rooms, 37 genera and 90 species of fungi were identified. in outside air of the fermentation room, cladosporium sp. and cladosporium cladosporioides were the dominant ... | 2015 | 26539041 |
| transcription factor soma is required for adhesion, development and virulence of the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. | the transcription factor flo8/som1 controls filamentous growth in saccharomyces cerevisiae and virulence in the plant pathogen magnaporthe oryzae. flo8/som1 includes a characteristic n-terminal lug/luh-flo8-single-stranded dna binding (lufs) domain and is activated by the camp dependent protein kinase a signaling pathway. heterologous soma from aspergillus fumigatus rescued in yeast flo8 mutant strains several phenotypes including adhesion or flocculation in haploids and pseudohyphal growth in d ... | 2015 | 26529322 |
| quantitative analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism for rapid detection of tr34/l98h- and tr46/y121f/t289a-positive aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from patients in iran from 2010 to 2014. | we employed an endpoint genotyping method to update the prevalence rate of positivity for the tr34/l98h mutation (a 34-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with a substitution at codon l98) and the tr46/y121f/t289a mutation (a 46-bp tandem repeat mutation in the promoter region of the cyp51a gene in combination with substitutions at codons y121 and t289) among clinical aspergillus fumigatus isolates obtained from different regions of iran over a rece ... | 2015 | 26525787 |
| endoperoxide formation by an α-ketoglutarate-dependent mononuclear non-haem iron enzyme. | many peroxy-containing secondary metabolites have been isolated and shown to provide beneficial effects to human health. yet, the mechanisms of most endoperoxide biosyntheses are not well understood. although endoperoxides have been suggested as key reaction intermediates in several cases, the only well-characterized endoperoxide biosynthetic enzyme is prostaglandin h synthase, a haem-containing enzyme. fumitremorgin b endoperoxidase (ftmox1) from aspergillus fumigatus is the first reported α-ke ... | 2015 | 26524521 |
| antifungal activity of myriocin on clinically relevant aspergillus fumigatus strains producing biofilm. | the human pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus is able to form a complex biofilm embedded in extracellular matrix. biofilms confer antimicrobial resistance and it is well known that aspergillosis is often refractory to the conventional antifungal therapy. the treatment of biofilm-related infections poses a significant clinical challenge on a daily basis, promoting the search for new therapeutic agents. our aim was to exploit the modulation of sphingolipid mediators as new therapeutic target to ... | 2015 | 26519193 |
| single-tube pcr coupled with mini-sequencing assay for the detection of cyp51a and cyp51b polymorphisms in aspergillus fumigatus. | triazole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is associated with mutations in cyp51 genes, therefore, a single-tube multiplex pcr was proposed for rapid detection of such mutations. | 2015 | 26515651 |
| elevated il-33 expression is associated with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis, and exogenous il-33 promotes eosinophilic esophagitis development in mice. | we tested whether the t helper (th) type 2 (th2) cell agonist and allergenic ligand il-33 was associated with eosinophilic esophagitis (eoe) development in a pediatric cohort and whether il-33 protein could induce disease symptoms in mice. biopsies from eoe patients or controls were used to measure il-33 mrna and protein expression. increased expression of il-33 mrna was found in the esophageal mucosa in eoe. il-33 protein was detected in cells negative for cd45, mast cells, and epithelial cell ... | 2016 | 26514775 |
| development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in adult asthmatics with abpa. | chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa) is an occasional complication of allergic bronchopulmonaryaspergillosis (abpa) but the transition is poorly understood. | 2015 | 26507434 |
| the production mechanism and immunosuppression effect of pulmonary surfactant protein d via toll like receptor 4 signaling pathway in human corneal epithelial cells during aspergillus fumigatus infection. | to observe the production mechanism of surfactant protein d (sp-d) in human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs) when infected by aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) hyphae, and explore whether sp-d can inhibit the cell activations through toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway during fungal infection. | 2015 | 26507163 |
| in vivo synergy of amphotericin b plus posaconazole in murine aspergillosis. | aspergillus fumigatus is the main mold causing invasive fungal infection that shows high mortality rates. therapeutic failure and the increase in drug resistance make it necessary to explore alternative treatments for this infection. we have evaluated the efficacy of amphotericin b at 0.8 mg/kg or 0.3 mg/kg of body weight combined with 40 mg/kg of posaconazole against three a. fumigatus isolates in a murine model of disseminated infection. the combination of the polyene and the azole led to a gr ... | 2015 | 26503653 |
| pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole in a dynamic in vitro model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. | isavuconazonium sulfate is a novel triazole prodrug that has been recently approved for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis by the fda. the active moiety (isavuconazole) has a broad spectrum of activity against many pathogenic fungi. this study utilized a dynamic in vitro model of the human alveolus to describe the pharmacodynamics of isavuconazole against two wild-type and two previously defined azole-resistant isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. a human-like concentration-time profile for i ... | 2015 | 26503648 |
| quantitative proteomics reveals the mechanism and consequence of gliotoxin-mediated dysregulation of the methionine cycle in aspergillus niger. | gliotoxin (gt) is a redox-active metabolite, produced by aspergillus fumigatus, which inhibits the growth of other fungi. here we demonstrate how aspergillus niger responds to gt exposure. quantitative proteomics revealed that gt dysregulated the abundance of 378 proteins including those involved in methionine metabolism and induced de novo abundance of two s-adenosylmethionine (sam)-dependent methyltransferases. increased abundance of enzymes s-adenosylhomocysteinase (p=0.0018) required for hom ... | 2016 | 26498071 |
| ulcerative pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus. | | 2016 | 26497417 |
| antifungal activity of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by bacillus species msh-1 against aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans. | fungal infections affect various parts of the body and can be difficult to treat. aspergillus infection causes a spectrum of diverse diseases particularly in lung according to host immunity. the two major entities are invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. candida infections can be superficial or invasive. superficial infections often affect the skin or mucous membranes. however, invasive fungal infections are often life-threatening. advances in nanotechnology have ... | 2015 | 26495111 |
| etiologic agents of otomycosis in the north-western area of iran. | otomycosis is a superficial fungal infection often involves the pinna and external auditory canal. it is a pathologic condition, with candida and aspergillus, the most common fungal species. it is common worldwide but more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. | 2015 | 26495108 |
| the fungal exopolysaccharide galactosaminogalactan mediates virulence by enhancing resistance to neutrophil extracellular traps. | of the over 250 aspergillus species, aspergillus fumigatus accounts for up to 80% of invasive human infections. a. fumigatus produces galactosaminogalactan (gag), an exopolysaccharide composed of galactose and n-acetyl-galactosamine (galnac) that mediates adherence and is required for full virulence. less pathogenic aspergillus species were found to produce gag with a lower galnac content than a. fumigatus and expressed minimal amounts of cell wall-bound gag. increasing the galnac content of gag ... | 2015 | 26492565 |
| first detection of tr34 l98h and tr46 y121f t289a cyp51 mutations in aspergillus fumigatus isolates in the united states. | azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is an increasing problem. the tr34 l98h and tr46 y121f t289a mutations that can occur in patients without previous azole exposure have been reported in europe, asia, the middle east, africa, and australia. here, we report the detection of both the tr34 l98h and tr46 y121f t289a mutations in confirmed a. fumigatus isolates collected in institutions in the united states. these mutations, other mutations known to cause azole resistance, and azole mics are r ... | 2016 | 26491179 |
| azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus: can we retain the clinical use of mold-active antifungal azoles? | azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus has emerged as a global health problem. although the number of cases of azole-resistant aspergillosis is still limited, resistance mechanisms continue to emerge, thereby threatening the role of the azole class in the management of diseases caused by aspergillus. the majority of cases of azole-resistant disease are due to resistant a. fumigatus originating from the environment. patient management is difficult due to the absence of patient risk factors, de ... | 2016 | 26486705 |
| cflip expression is altered in severe corticosteroid-resistant asthma. | dysregulation of alternative splicing of mrna precursors is known to contribute to numerous human diseases. in this study we carried out the first systematic search for asthma-associated changes in alternative splicing events, using a model of aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus)-sensitized mice and an exon junction microarray to detect potential changes in alternative splicing. one of the sensitization-associated changes identified in the search was a shift in alternative splicing of the mrna e ... | 2014 | 26484081 |
| human invariant natural killer t cells possess immune-modulating functions during aspergillus infection. | aspergillus fumigatus is the most common cause for invasive fungal infections, a disease associated with high mortality in immune-compromised patients. cd1d-restricted invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells compose a small subset of t cells known to impact the immune response toward various infectious pathogens. to investigate the role of human inkt cells during a. fumigatus infection, we studied their activation as determined by cd69 expression and cytokine production in response to distinct f ... | 2016 | 26483428 |
| pathogen gene expression profiling during infection using a nanostring ncounter platform. | nanostring ncounter is a recently developed platform that can make direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression using color-coded probe pairs (geiss et al., nat biotechnol 26(3):317-325, 2008; malkov et al., bmc res notes 2:80, 2009). we have found that this platform is uniquely suitable for quantification of pathogen gene expression during infection, where pathogen rna comprises a tiny portion of total rna isolated from the infected tissue. here, we describe a protocol that we have success ... | 2016 | 26483015 |
| interferon-γ promotes phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans but not cryptococcus gattii by murine macrophages. | among invasive fungal infections, cryptococcosis caused by inhalation of cryptococcus neoformans or cryptococcus gattii is particularly dangerous because it can disseminate to the central nervous system and cause life-threatening meningitis or meningoencephalitis. previous reports described significant differences in the histopathological features of c. neoformans and c. gattii infection, such as greater pathogen proliferation and a limited macrophage response in mouse lung infected by c. gattii ... | 2015 | 26477011 |
| e-cadherin mediates adhesion of aspergillus fumigatus to non-small cell lung cancer cells. | a spergillus fumigatus is a widely distributed microorganism, and recently, a. fumigatus culture filtrate has been shown to trigger apoptotic cell death in several human cancer cell lines, including non-small lung cancer (nsclc) cells, a549. nevertheless, the molecular adhesion of a. fumigatus to these cancer cells to trigger cell death remains unknown. here, we knocked down e-cadherin in a549 cells and examined its effects on a. fumigatus. the blastospores of a. fumigatus were incubated with th ... | 2015 | 26472726 |
| erratum for nazik et al., effects of iron chelators on the formation and development of aspergillus fumigatus biofilm. | | 2015 | 26464401 |
| production and characterization of two major aspergillus oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases able to efficiently digest proline-rich peptides of gliadin. | prolyl endopeptidases are key enzymes in the digestion of proline-rich proteins. fungal extracts rich in prolyl endopeptidases produced by a species such as aspergillus oryzae used in food fermentation would be of particular interest for the development of an oral enzyme therapy product in patients affected by intolerance to gluten. two major a. oryzae secreted prolyl endopeptidases of the merops s28 peptidase family, aos28a and aos28b, were identified when this fungus was grown at acidic ph in ... | 2015 | 26464108 |
| in vitro biochemical study of cyp51-mediated azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus. | the incidence of triazole-resistant aspergillus infections is increasing worldwide, often mediated through mutations in the cyp51a amino acid sequence. new classes of azole-based drugs are required to combat the increasing resistance to existing triazole therapeutics. in this study, a cyp51 reconstitution assay is described consisting of eburicol, purified recombinant aspergillus fumigatus cpr1 (afcpr1), and escherichia coli membrane suspensions containing recombinant a. fumigatus cyp51 proteins ... | 2015 | 26459890 |
| pseudallescheria boydii with aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus terreus in a critically ill hematopoietic stem cell recipient with ards. | pseudallescheria boydii is a fungal organism known to affect immunocompromised patients. this organism is known to cause, in severe cases, invasive infection of various organs such as the central nervous, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems. we report an unusual case of pulmonary p. boydii pneumonia in an immunocompromised critically ill patient with a co-infection of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus terreus with ards. this case highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion for ... | 2016 | 26455910 |
| biochemical stability and molecular dynamic characterization of aspergillus fumigatus cystathionine γ-lyase in response to various reaction effectors. | cystathionine γ-lyase (cgl) is a key enzyme in the methionine-cysteine cycle in all living organisms forming cysteine, α-ketobutyrate and ammonia via homocysteine and cystathionine intermediates. although, human and plant cgls have been extensively studied at the molecular and mechanistic levels, there has been little work on the molecular and catalytic properties of fungal cgl. herein, we studied in detail for the first time the molecular and catalytic stability of aspergillus fumigatus cgl, si ... | 2015 | 26453470 |
| cyp51a gene silencing using rna interference in azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus. | an increasing number of reports have described the emergence of acquired resistance of aspergillus fumigatus to azole compounds. the primary mechanism of resistance in clinical isolates is the mutation of the azole drug target enzyme, which is encoded by the cyp51a gene. the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of silencing the cyp51a gene in azole-resistant a. fumigatus isolates. a 21-nucleotide small-interfering rna (sirna) was designed based on the cdna sequence of the a. fumigatus cy ... | 2015 | 26448519 |
| etiological analysis of fungal keratitis and rapid identification of predominant fungal pathogens. | fungal keratitis is a worldwide-distributed refractory and potentially blinding ocular infection caused by various fungi. it is necessary to investigate the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of this disease and establish a rapid and specific pathogenic identification method. here, we isolated and identified fungal pathogens of 275 patients with presumed fungal keratitis from jilin province, china, and conducted statistical analyses of epidemiological information. the positive rate ... | 2016 | 26446032 |
| gliotoxin--bane or boon? | gliotoxin (gt) is the most important epidithiodioxopiperazine (etp)-type fungal toxin. gt was originally isolated from trichoderma species as an antibiotic substance involved in biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. a few isolates of gt-producing trichoderma virens are commercially marketed for biological control and widely used in agriculture. furthermore, gt is long known as an immunosuppressive agent and also reported to have anti-tumour properties. however, recent publications sugges ... | 2016 | 26443473 |
| disulphide-reduced psoriasin is a human apoptosis-inducing broad-spectrum fungicide. | the unexpected resistance of psoriasis lesions to fungal infections suggests local production of an antifungal factor. we purified trichophyton rubrum-inhibiting activity from lesional psoriasis scale extracts and identified the cys-reduced form of s100a7/psoriasin (reds100a7) as a principal antifungal factor. reds100a7 inhibits various filamentous fungi, including the mold aspergillus fumigatus, but not candida albicans. antifungal activity was inhibited by zn(2+), suggesting that reds100a7 int ... | 2015 | 26438863 |
| sensitization to fungal allergens: resolved and unresolved issues. | exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens can promote the development and worsening of allergic diseases. although numerous species of fungi have been associated with allergic diseases in the literature, the significance of fungi from the genera alternaria, cladosporium, penicillium, aspergillus, and malassezia has been well documented. however, it should be emphasized that the contribution of different fungal allergens to allergic diseases is not identical, but species-specific. alternaria ... | 2015 | 26433528 |
| [resistant fungi]. | particularly in the area of hematology/oncology and intensive care medicine, infections due to resistant fungi are to be expected. emergence of resistance in fungi is a less dynamic process than in bacteria; it can, however, have an equally important impact on treatment strategies. in the following article, the most important resistance patterns of yeasts and molds (candida albicans , aspergillus fumigatus, the order mucorales and the genus fusarium) will be presented and discussed. their diagno ... | 2015 | 26432089 |
| role of dectin-1 in the innate immune response of rat corneal epithelial cells to aspergillus fumigatus. | to observe dectin-1 expression in fungal keratitis on rat models and to determine the role of dectin-1 in innate immune response to aspergillus fumigatus. | 2015 | 26427623 |
| growth of paecilomyces variotii in b0 (diesel), b100 (biodiesel) and b7 (blend), degradation and molecular detection. | the introduction of biodiesel to diesel may allow the fuel to be more susceptible to microorganism growth, especially during incorrect storage. to evaluate the effect of adding biodiesel in pure diesel on the growth of paecilomyces variotii, microcosms containing pure diesel (b0), blend diesel/biodiesel (b7) and pure biodiesel (b100) were used. in microcosm with minimal mineral medium and b0, b7 or b100, after 60 days, the biomass (dry weight) formed at interface oil-water in b7 and b100 was sig ... | 2015 | 26421768 |
| fitness studies of azole-resistant strains of aspergillus fumigatus. | isogenic bar-coded strains of aspergillus fumigatus carrying the g54w or m220k mutation in cyp51a were constructed. in vitro, the growth and conidiation capacities of the mutants were similar to those of the parental strain. competition studies in the absence of azoles showed that there was no adverse fitness cost for the azole-resistant a. fumigatus strains in vitro or in vivo compared to the parental strain. | 2015 | 26416854 |
| thermotolerant and mesophylic fungi from sugarcane bagasse and their prospection for biomass-degrading enzyme production. | nineteen fungi and seven yeast strains were isolated from sugarcane bagasse piles from an alcohol plant located at brazilian cerrado and identified up to species level on the basis of the gene sequencing of 5.8s-its and 26s ribosomal dna regions. four species were identified: kluyveromyces marxianus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus sydowii and aspergillus fumigatus, and the isolates were screened for the production of key enzymes in the saccharification of lignocellulosic material. among them, th ... | 2017 | 26413077 |
| impact of urban air pollution on the allergenicity of aspergillus fumigatus conidia: outdoor exposure study supported by laboratory experiments. | understanding the chemical interactions of common allergens in urban environments may help to decipher the general increase in susceptibility to allergies observed in recent decades. in this study, asexual conidia of the allergenic mold aspergillus fumigatus were exposed to air pollution under natural (ambient) and controlled (laboratory) conditions. the allergenic activity was measured using two immunoassays and supported by a protein mass spectrometry analysis. the allergenicity of the conidia ... | 2016 | 26410711 |
| different stress-induced calcium signatures are reported by aequorin-mediated calcium measurements in living cells of aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus is an inhaled fungal pathogen of human lungs, the developmental growth of which is reliant upon ca2+-mediated signalling. ca2+ signalling has regulatory significance in all eukaryotic cells but how a. fumigatus uses intracellular ca2+ signals to respond to stresses imposed by the mammalian lung is poorly understood. in this work, a. fumigatus strains derived from the clinical isolate cea10, and a non-homologous recombination mutant δakubku80, were engineered to express the ... | 2015 | 26402916 |
| a challenging case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after near-drowning: a case report and literature review. | near-drowning, a relatively common event, is often complicated by subsequent pneumonia. while endogenous and exogenous bacteria are typical pathogens, rarely fungi are as well. we report a complicated case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 30-year-old man after a near-drowning event. we also review the medical literature for similar cases. all cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after near-drowning reported in the literature involve aspergillus fumigatus. the majority of cases invol ... | 2015 | 26392737 |
| chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis in an immunocompetent, obese 10-year-old boy. | chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis is a rare form of pulmonary aspergillosis. it is usually seen in middle-aged or elderly patients with underlying chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency, and has been only rarely encountered in children. clinical presentation is variable and usually involves constitutional symptoms of several months' duration as well as respiratory symptoms. we present a previously well, immunocompetent, obese 10-year-old boy with cough and mild hemoptysis lastin ... | 2015 | 26388598 |
| the basophil surface marker cd203c identifies aspergillus species sensitization in patients with cystic fibrosis. | colonization by aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) can cause a fumigatus sensitization and/or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa), which affects pulmonary function and clinical outcomes. recent studies show that specific allergens upregulate the surface-expressed basophil marker cd203c in sensitized subjects, a response that can be readily measured by using flow cytometry. | 2016 | 26388311 |
| novel antimicrobial superporous cross-linked chitosan/pyromellitimide benzoyl thiourea hydrogels. | in this work, chitosan (cs) was cross-linked with different amounts of pyromellitimide benzoyl thiourea moieties. the structure of the cross-linked cs was confirmed by elemental analyses, ftir and (1)h- nmr spectroscopy. the cross-linking process proceeds via reacting of the amino groups of cs with the isothiocyanate groups of the n,n'-bis [4-(isothiocyanate carbonyl)phenyl] pyromellitimide cross-linker. the amount of the cross-linker was varied with respect to cs to produce four new pyromelliti ... | 2016 | 26388182 |
| immunochemical analysis of fumigaclavine mycotoxins in respiratory tissues and in blood serum of birds with confirmed aspergillosis. | the ergoline alkaloid fumigaclavine a (fua) is one of the major mycotoxins produced by aspergillus fumigatus, the main causative fungal agent of avian aspergillosis. to study in situ production of fua, post-mortem respiratory tissues of various avian species, as well as blood samples of falcons (falco sp.), were analysed by enzyme immunoassay (eia). at a detection limit of 1.5 ng/ml, fua eia positive results were obtained for tissue samples from seven (64%) out of 11 birds with confirmed aspergi ... | 2015 | 26388046 |
| azole resistance in canine and feline isolates of aspergillus fumigatus. | azole resistance is an emerging cause of treatment failure in humans with aspergillosis. the aim of this study was to determine if azole resistance is emerging in aspergillus fumigatus isolates from canine and feline sino-nasal aspergillosis cases. susceptibilities of isolates collected between 1988 and 2014 from 46 dogs and 4 cats to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole were assessed using sensititre yeastone microdilution trays; and to enilconazole and clotrim ... | 2015 | 26387063 |
| hypoxia-inducible factor 1α modulates metabolic activity and cytokine release in anti-aspergillus fumigatus immune responses initiated by human dendritic cells. | the mold aspergillus fumigatus causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. over the past decade, new findings in research have improved our understanding of a. fumigatus-host interactions, including the recent identification of myeloid-expressed hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (hif-1α) as a relevant immune-modulating transcription factor and potential therapeutic target in anti-fungal defense. however, the function of hif-1α signaling for human anti-a. fumigatus immunity is sti ... | 2015 | 26387061 |
| contribution to catalysis of ornithine binding residues in ornithine n5-monooxygenase. | the sida ornithine n5-monooxygenase from aspergillus fumigatus is a flavin monooxygenase that catalyzes the nadph-dependent hydroxylation of ornithine. herein we report a mutagenesis study targeting four residues that contact ornithine in crystal structures of sida: lys107, asn293, asn323, and ser469. mutation of lys107 to ala abolishes activity as measured in steady-state oxygen consumption and ornithine hydroxylation assays, indicating that the ionic interaction of lys107 with the carboxylate ... | 2015 | 26375201 |
| aspergillus fumigatus cap59-like protein a is involved in α1,3-mannosylation of gpi-anchors. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) attaches a variety of eukaryotic proteins to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. in fungi, these proteins may also be transferred to the cell wall, to which they are covalently linked via a remnant of the gpi-anchor. they play crucial physiological roles in cell-cell interactions, adhesion or cell wall biogenesis. the biosynthesis of gpi-anchors in the endoplasmic reticulum, their transfer to proteins, early remodelling and transport to the golgi apparatu ... | 2016 | 26369907 |
| systematic gene deletion and functional characterization of histidine kinase phosphorelay receptors (hkrs) in the human pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | histidine kinase receptors (hkrs) appear to be a common strategy for model and pathogenic fungi to sense and respond to environmental stresses. in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, which is responsible for invasive aspergillosis, 13 genes potentially encoding hkrs have been identified. until now, only three hkrs have been functionally characterized. the aim of this study was to perform the systematic invalidation of a. fumigatus hkr genes and the careful phenotypic characterization of th ... | 2015 | 26365385 |
| in silico modeling of spore inhalation reveals fungal persistence following low dose exposure. | the human lung is constantly exposed to spores of the environmental mould aspergillus fumigatus, a major opportunistic pathogen. the spectrum of resultant disease is the outcome of complex host-pathogen interactions, an integrated, quantitative understanding of which lies beyond the ethical and technical reach permitted by animal studies. here we construct a mathematical model of spore inhalation and clearance by concerted actions of macrophages and neutrophils, and use it to derive a mechanisti ... | 2015 | 26364644 |
| secondary metabolites from aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus from the liverwort heteroscyphus tener (steph.) schiffn. | three new metabolites, asperfumigatin (1), isochaetominine (10), and 8'-o-methylasterric acid (21), together with nineteen known compounds, were obtained from the culture of aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus from the chinese liverwort heteroscyphus tener (steph.) schiffn. their structures were established by extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. the absolute configurations of 1 and 10 were determined by analysis of their respective cd spectra. cytotoxicity of these isolates aga ... | 2015 | 26363876 |
| indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is involved in the inflammation response of corneal epithelial cells to aspergillus fumigatus infections. | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), which is mainly expressed in activated dendritic cells, is known as a regulator of immune responses. however, the role of ido in immune responses against fungal corneal infection has not been investigated. to evaluate the regulatory mechanisms of ido in fungal inflammation, we resorted to human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs), known as the first barrier of cornea against pathogenic microorganisms. we found that ido was significantly up-regulated in corneal epi ... | 2015 | 26361229 |
| in vivo efficacy of voriconazole and posaconazole therapy in a novel invertebrate model of aspergillus fumigatus infection. | the emergence of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is a clinically important issue in the management of invasive aspergillosis as it could limit therapeutic options. accurate measurement of in vitro antifungal activity in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) is considered of clinical relevance and often gives useful therapeutic information for physicians. however, the lack of in vitro-in vivo correlation is frequent and the observed in vitro phenotype does not always correlate ... | 2015 | 26358971 |
| network modeling reveals cross talk of map kinases during adaptation to caspofungin stress in aspergillus fumigatus. | mitogen activated protein kinases (mapks) are highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms. in pathogenic fungi, their activities were assigned to different physiological functions including drug adaptation and resistance. aspergillus fumigatus is a human pathogenic fungus, which causes life-threatening invasive infections. therapeutic options against invasive mycoses are still limited. one of the clinically used drugs is caspofungin, which specifically targets the fungal cell wall biosynthesis. a s ... | 2015 | 26356475 |
| molecular identification and amphotericin b susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of aspergillus from 11 hospitals in korea. | we investigated the species distribution and amphotericin b (amb) susceptibility of korean clinical aspergillus isolates by using two etests and the clsi broth microdilution method. | 2015 | 26354348 |
| poly(lactic acid)/tio₂ nanocomposites as alternative biocidal and antifungal materials. | poly(lactic acid) (pla) composites with titanium oxide (tio2) ~10-nm nanoparticles were produced by the melting process and their main properties were evaluated. the nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the matrix with a low degree of agglomeration, as seen by transmission electron microscopy (tem). the crystallinity temperature increased ~12% when 5 wt.% of tio2 was added, showing that the nanoparticles acted as nucleating agents this trend was confirmed by optical images. the elastic m ... | 2015 | 26354270 |
| aspergillus biofilm in vitro and in vivo. | in vivo, aspergillus fumigatus grows as a typical biofilm with hyphae covered by an extracellular matrix (ecm) composed of polysaccharides, galactomannan, and galactosaminogalactan. α1,3 glucans and melanin are also constitutive of the ecm in aspergilloma but not in invasive aspergillosis. in vitro, two biofilm models were established to mimic the in vivo situation. the first model (model 1) uses submerged liquid conditions and is characterized by slow growth, while the second model (model 2) us ... | 2015 | 26350307 |
| comparison of the microbicidal activity of monochloramine and iodine. | recently, we showed that monochloramine (nh2 cl) has a significantly stronger bactericidal and fungicidal activity than chloramine t despite its lower oxidizing power. this phenomenon was explained by increased penetration because of the higher lipophilicity and smaller bulk of nh2 cl. as iodine (i2 ) has an even fivefold higher bulk than nh2 cl, a comparison of both compounds regarding their microbicidal activity became the aim of this study. aqueous solutions of i2 at a concentration of 10·7 μ ... | 2015 | 26347484 |
| aspergillus fumigatus diffusates suppress polymorphonuclear neutrophil phagocytic functions and respiratory burst levels in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. | invasive aspergillosis (ia) is a severe infection that commonly occurs in immunocompromised patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct). the present study explores the effect of aspergillus fumigatus diffusates (afds) on phagocytic function and superoxide anion (o2(-)) burst levels in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) from post-hsct patients. a. fumigatus conidia with or without afd were used to stimulate the pmn from healthy donor or hsct patient for two hours. pmn morpholo ... | 2015 | 26345856 |
| fgric8 is involved in regulating vegetative growth, conidiation, deoxynivalenol production and virulence in fusarium graminearum. | proteins of the resistance to inhibitors of cholinesterase 8 (ric8) group act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs) and play important roles in regulating g-protein signaling in animals. in filamentous fungi, putative ric8 orthologs have so far been identified in magnaporthe oryzae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus. here, we report the functional investigation of a potential ric8 ortholog (fgric8) in the wheat head blight pathogen fusarium graminearum. ta ... | 2015 | 26341536 |
| identification and characterization of a novel galactofuranose-specific β-d-galactofuranosidase from streptomyces species. | β-d-galactofuranose (galf) is a component of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates and its transferase has been well analyzed. however, no β-d-galactofuranosidase (galf-ase) gene has been identified in any organism. to search for a galf-ase gene we screened soil samples and discovered a strain, identified as a streptomyces species by the 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis, that exhibits galf-ase activity for 4-nitrophenyl β-d-galactofuranoside (pnp-β-d-galf) in culture supernatants. by draft genome s ... | 2015 | 26340350 |
| serum opsonin ficolin-a enhances host-fungal interactions and modulates cytokine expression from human monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils following aspergillus fumigatus challenge. | invasive aspergillosis is a devastating invasive fungal disease associated with a high mortality rate in the immunocompromised, such as leukaemia patients, transplant patients and those with hiv/aids. the rodent serum orthologue of human l-ficolin, ficolin-a, can bind to and opsonize aspergillus fumigatus, the pathogen that causes invasive aspergillosis, and may participate in fungal defence. using human monocyte-derived macrophages and neutrophils isolated from healthy donors, we investigated c ... | 2016 | 26337048 |
| aspergillus fumigatus chronic colonization and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis may have a two-way relationship. | aspergillus fumigatus is commonly found in cystic fibrosis (cf) airways. our aim was to assess the relationship between a. fumigatus chronic colonization and lung function in cf patients. a case-control study of cf patients born from 1989 to 2002 was performed. medical records were reviewed from the time of initial diagnosis until december 2013. chronic colonization was defined as two or more positive sputum cultures in a given year. each patient chronically colonized with a. fumigatus was match ... | 2015 | 26319147 |
| development of the crispr/cas9 system for targeted gene disruption in aspergillus fumigatus. | low rates of homologous recombination have broadly encumbered genetic studies in the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. the crispr/cas9 system of bacteria has recently been developed for targeted mutagenesis of eukaryotic genomes with high efficiency and, importantly, through a mechanism independent of homologous repair machinery. as this new technology has not been developed for use in a. fumigatus, we sought to test its feasibility for targeted gene disruption in this organism. as a proof ... | 2015 | 26318395 |
| asexual sporulation facilitates adaptation: the emergence of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus. | understanding the occurrence and spread of azole resistance in aspergillus fumigatus is crucial for public health. it has been hypothesized that asexual sporulation, which is abundant in nature, is essential for phenotypic expression of azole resistance mutations in a. fumigatus facilitating subsequent spread through natural selection. furthermore, the disease aspergilloma is associated with asexual sporulation within the lungs of patients and the emergence of azole resistance. this study assess ... | 2015 | 26315993 |
| malignant fungal infection of the cavernous sinus: case report. | intracranial spread of fungal infection is a life-threatening condition that usually affects immunocompromised patients. here the authors present a case of biopsy-proven aspergillus fumigatus infection of the paranasal sinuses in an immunocompetent patient with documented spread to the orbit, cavernous sinus, and petrous apex despite medical antifungal treatment. as a life-saving treatment, cavernous sinus resection with external carotid artery-middle cerebral artery bypass was performed. the au ... | 2016 | 26315007 |
| rnaseq analysis of aspergillus fumigatus in blood reveals a just wait and see resting stage behavior. | invasive aspergillosis is started after germination of aspergillus fumigatus conidia that are inhaled by susceptible individuals. fungal hyphae can grow in the lung through the epithelial tissue and disseminate hematogenously to invade into other organs. low fungaemia indicates that fungal elements do not reside in the bloodstream for long. | 2015 | 26311470 |
| design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of novel thienopyrrolidone derivatives with strong antifungal activity against aspergillus fumigates. | in order to further enhance the anti-aspergillus efficacy of our previously discovered antifungal lead compounds (i), two series of novel azoles featuring thieno[2,3-c]pyrrolidone and thieno[3,2-c]pyrrolidone nuclei were designed and evaluated for their in vitro activity on the basis of the binding mode of albaconazole using molecular docking, along with sars of antifungal triazoles. most of target compounds exhibited excellent activity against candida and cryptococcus spp., with mic values in t ... | 2015 | 26310892 |
| [allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a report of four cases with literature review]. | to understand the clinical characteristics of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) so as to diagnose and treat the disease earlier. | 2015 | 26310647 |
| dectin-1 agonist curdlan modulates innate immunity to aspergillus fumigatus in human corneal epithelial cells. | to explore the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan on innate immune responses against aspergillus fumigatus (a. fumigatus) in cultured human corneal epithelial cells (hcecs), and whether c-type lectin receptor dectin-1 mediates the immunomodulatory effects of curdlan. | 2015 | 26309863 |
| nanoscale biophysical properties of the cell surface galactosaminogalactan from the fungal pathogen aspergillus fumigatus. | many fungal pathogens produce cell surface polysaccharides that play essential roles in host-pathogen interactions. in aspergillus fumigatus, the newly discovered polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan (gag) mediates adherence to a variety of substrates through molecular mechanisms that are poorly understood. here we use atomic force microscopy to unravel the localization and adhesion of gag on living fungal cells. using single-molecule imaging with tips bearing anti-gag antibodies, we found that ... | 2015 | 26308550 |
| characterization of an n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in aspergillus fumigatus zwitterionic glycoinositolphosphoceramide biosynthesis. | glycoinositolphosphoceramides (gipcs) are complex sphingolipids present at the plasma membrane of various eukaryotes with the important exception of mammals. in fungi, these glycosphingolipids commonly contain an α-mannose residue (man) linked at position 2 of the inositol. however, several pathogenic fungi additionally synthesize zwitterionic gipcs carrying an α-glucosamine residue (glcn) at this position. in the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus, the glcnα1,2ipc core (where ipc is inositolp ... | 2015 | 26306635 |
| integrated inference and evaluation of host-fungi interaction networks. | fungal microorganisms frequently lead to life-threatening infections. within this group of pathogens, the commensal candida albicans and the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus are by far the most important causes of invasive mycoses in europe. a key capability for host invasion and immune response evasion are specific molecular interactions between the fungal pathogen and its human host. experimentally validated knowledge about these crucial interactions is rare in literature and even spec ... | 2015 | 26300851 |
| an in vitro and in vivo study on the synergistic effect and mechanism of itraconazole or voriconazole alone and in combination with tetrandrine against aspergillus fumigatus. | in this study, we investigated the in vitro antifungal effects of itraconazole/voriconazole (itr/vrc) alone and in combination with tetrandrine (tet) against 23 clinical isolates of a. fumigatus using a chequerboard microdilution method. the dynamic antifungal effects of tet with itr/vrc against a. fumigatus were assessed in vivo using time-kill curves following systemic infection of mice with a. fumigatus. after treatment, efflux pump activity was determined by the efflux of rhodamine 6g (r6g). ... | 2015 | 26296880 |
| the aspergillus fumigatus pkca g579r mutant is defective in the activation of the cell wall integrity pathway but is dispensable for virulence in a neutropenic mouse infection model. | aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes the life-threatening disease, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. in fungi, cell wall homeostasis is controlled by the conserved cell wall integrity (cwi) pathway. in a. fumigatus this signaling cascade is partially characterized, but the mechanisms by which it is activated are not fully elucidated. in this study we investigated the role of protein kinase c (pkca) in this signaling cascade. our results suggest that pkca is an e ... | 2015 | 26295576 |
| investigating the presence of fungal agents in febrile neutropenic patients using different microbiological, serological, and molecular methods. | this study aimed to investigate fungal agents in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. direct microscopy and cultures were performed on clinical samples collected from febrile neutropenic episodes. the galactomannan (gm) antigen was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and aspergillus fumigatus and candida albicans deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in consecutive serum samples. of the 199 episodes investigated ... | 2015 | 26295293 |
| soluble collectin-12 (cl-12) is a pattern recognition molecule initiating complement activation via the alternative pathway. | soluble defense collagens including the collectins play important roles in innate immunity. recently, a new member of the collectin family named collectin-12 (cl-12 or cl-p1) has been identified. cl-12 is highly expressed in umbilical cord vascular endothelial cells as a transmembrane receptor and may recognize certain bacteria and fungi, leading to opsonophagocytosis. however, based on its structural and functional similarities with soluble collectins, we hypothesized the existence of a fluid-p ... | 2015 | 26290605 |
| genesis of azole antifungal resistance from agriculture to clinical settings. | azole fungal resistance is becoming a major public health problem in medicine in recent years. however, it was known in agriculture since several decades; the extensive use of these compounds results in contamination of air, plants, and soil. the increasing frequency of life-threatening fungal infections and the increase of prophylactical use of azoles in high-risk patients, taken together with the evolutionary biology evidence that drug selection pressure is an important factor for the emergenc ... | 2015 | 26289797 |
| allergic inflammation in aspergillus fumigatus-induced fungal asthma. | although fungi are pervasive in many environments, few cause disease in humans. of these, aspergillus fumigatus is particularly well suited to be a pathogen of the human lung. its physical and biological characteristics combine to provide an organism that can cause tremendous morbidity and high mortality if left unchecked. luckily, that is rarely the case. however, repeated exposure to inhaled a. fumigatus spores often results in an immune response that carries significant immunopathology, exace ... | 2015 | 26288940 |
| international expert opinion on the management of infection caused by azole-resistant aspergillus fumigatus. | an international expert panel was convened to deliberate the management of azole-resistant aspergillosis. in culture-positive cases, in vitro susceptibility testing should always be performed if antifungal therapy is intended. different patterns of resistance are seen, with multi-azole and pan-azole resistance more common than resistance to a single triazole. in confirmed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to an azole-resistant aspergillus, the experts recommended a switch from voriconazole to ... | 2015 | 26282594 |
| emergence of tr46/y121f/t289a in an aspergillus fumigatus isolate from a chinese patient. | | 2015 | 26282417 |
| group 2 innate lymphoid cells mediate ozone-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice. | asthmatic patients are highly susceptible to air pollution and in particular to the effects of ozone (o3) inhalation, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. | 2016 | 26282284 |
| identification of the antiphagocytic trypacidin gene cluster in the human-pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus. | the opportunistic human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus produces numerous different natural products. the genetic basis for the biosynthesis of a number of known metabolites has remained unknown. the gene cluster encoding for the biosynthesis of the conidia-bound metabolite trypacidin is of particular interest because of its antiprotozoal activity and possible role in the infection process. here, we show that the genes encoding the biosynthesis enzymes of trypacidin reside within an orphan gene c ... | 2015 | 26278536 |
| transcriptome profiles of human lung epithelial cells a549 interacting with aspergillus fumigatus by rna-seq. | lung epithelial cells constitute the first defense line of host against the inhaled aspergillus fumigatus; however, the transcriptional response of human alveolar type ii epithelial cells was still unclear. here we used rna-seq technology to assess the transcriptome profiles of a549 cells following direct interaction with conidia of a. fumigatus. the total number of identified genes was 19118. compared with uninfected a549 cells, 459 genes were differentially expressed in cells co-incubated with ... | 2015 | 26273834 |
| human neutrophils are primed by chemoattractant gradients for blocking the growth of aspergillus fumigatus. | the contribution of human neutrophils to the protection against fungal infections by aspergillus fumigatus is essential but not fully understood. whereas healthy people can inhale spores of a. fumigatus without developing disease, neutropenic patients and those receiving immunosuppressive drugs have a higher incidence of invasive fungal infections. to study the role of neutrophils in protection against a. fumigatus infections, we developed an in vitro assay in which the interactions between huma ... | 2016 | 26272935 |
| mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus: therapeutic and evolutionary implications. | mitochondria within eukaryotic cells continuously fuse and divide. this phenomenon is called mitochondrial dynamics and crucial for mitochondrial function and integrity. we performed a comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial dynamics in the pathogenic mold aspergillus fumigatus. phenotypic characterization of respective mutants revealed the general essentiality of mitochondrial fusion for mitochondrial genome maintenance and the mold's viability. surprisingly, it turned out that the mitochondria ... | 2015 | 26272083 |
| evaluation of the double agar gel immunodiffusion test and of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. | the diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (cpa) depends on the radiologic image and the identification of specific antibodies. the present study aimed to evaluate accuracy parameters of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and of the determination of serum galactomannan level in the diagnosis of patients with cpa, comparing these results with the double agar gel immunodiffusion (did) test. in addition, the prevalence of cross-reactivity and the serological progression after treatment ... | 2015 | 26271000 |
| structure-functional characterization of cytochrome p450 sterol 14α-demethylase (cyp51b) from aspergillus fumigatus and molecular basis for the development of antifungal drugs. | aspergillus fumigatus is the opportunistic fungal pathogen that predominantly affects the immunocompromised population and causes 600,000 deaths/year. the cytochrome p450 51 (cyp51) inhibitor voriconazole is currently the drug of choice, yet the treatment efficiency remains low, calling for rational development of more efficient agents. a. fumigatus has two cyp51 genes, cyp51a and cyp51b, which share 59% amino acid sequence identity. cyp51b is expressed constitutively, whereas gene cyp51a is rep ... | 2015 | 26269599 |