| microbial evaluation of sandboxes located in urban area. | this paper presents the results of a study on the degree of bacteriological pollution of sandboxes situated in fenced and unfenced housing estates located in an urban area in olsztyn, poland. heterotrophic plate counts (hpc22, hpc37), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, enterococcus spp., staphylococcus spp. and clostridium perfringens determined by cultivation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) methods were used as indicators of the sanitary state. their maximum number in the sand ... | 2015 | 25483374 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail pepper in vietnam. | to investigate the microbial quality of retail pepper in vietnam, the enumeration and detection of enterobacteriaceae and the screening of cefotaxime (ctx)-resistant coliforms were performed by using 84 commercial samples. although enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 78 samples, the number of enterobacteriaceae was lower than 1.0 log cfu/g in 46 samples. for the detection of enterobacteriaceae with the international organization for standardization methods, salmonella spp., escherichia coli , ... | 2017 | 28350183 |
| pdgo100, a type 1 incc plasmid from 1981 carrying ari-a and a tn1696-like transposon in a novel integrating element. | most a/c plasmids sequenced to date were recovered in the last two decades. to gain insight into the evolution of this group, the incc plasmid pdgo100, found in a multiply antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli strain isolated in 1981, was sequenced. pdgo100 belongs to the type 1 lineage and carries an ari-a antibiotic resistance island but not an ari-b island. the a/c2 backbone of pdgo100 has a deletion in the rhs1 gene previously found in prmh760 and differs by only six single base pair substit ... | 2016 | 27318267 |
| plant growth promoting potential and phylogenetic characteristics of a lichenized nitrogen fixing bacterium, enterobacter cloacae. | lichens are complex symbiotic association of mycobionts, photobionts, and bacteriobionts, including chemolithotropic bacteria. in the present study, 46 lichenized bacteria were isolated by conventional and enrichment culture methods on nitrogen-free bromothymol blue (nfb) medium. only 11 of the 46 isolates fixed nitrogen on nfb and had reduced acetylene. all these 11 isolates had also produced siderophore and 10 of them the iaa. further, ammonia production was recorded from nine of these nitroge ... | 2016 | 27273065 |
| [etiologic diagnosis in meningitis and encephalitis molecular biology techniques]. | the aetiological study of infections of the central nervous system has traditionally been performed using bacterial cultures and, more recently, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for herpes simplex virus (hsv). bacterial cultures may not have good performance, especially in the context of patients who have received antibiotics prior to sampling, and a request for hsv only by pcr reduces the information to only one aetiological agent. the aim of this study is to determine the infectious cause ... | 2017 | 26493774 |
| infectious prosthetic hip joint loosening: bacterial species involved in its aetiology and their antibiotic resistance profiles against antibiotics recommended for the therapy of implant-associated infections. | reliable microbiological diagnosis along with surgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy are key elements in the management of prosthetic-joint infections (pjis). the purpose of this study was to characterize antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria involved in the aetiology of pjis. a total of 33 bacterial isolates cultured from 31 patients undergoing exchange of total hip prostheses were analyzed. the diagnostic approach toward isolation of prosthesis- associated microorganisms included sonica ... | 2014 | 24858648 |
| poor utility of serum interleukin-6 levels to predict indolent periprosthetic shoulder infections. | infection after shoulder arthroplasty can present a diagnostic challenge. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of serum interleukin-6 (il-6) levels in diagnosis of periprosthetic infection in patients undergoing revision shoulder arthroplasty. | 2014 | 24725902 |
| high-quality genome sequence of human pathogen enterobacter asburiae type strain 1497-78(t). | enterobacter asburiae belongs to the enterobacter cloacae complex (ecc), which comprises six heterogenic species. these bacteria can cause nosocomial infections. moreover, they are well known for antibiotic resistance features based on overproduction of ampc β-lactamases. although ecc have clinical importance, little is known about their virulence-associated properties, and very few strains from the six species have been sequenced. in this study, the type strain of e. asburiae 1497-78(t) (atcc 3 ... | 2017 | 28082144 |
| enterobacter muelleri sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of zea mays. | a beige-pigmented, oxidase-negative bacterial strain (jm-458t), isolated from a rhizosphere sample, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. cells of the isolate were rod-shaped and stained gram-negative. a comparison of the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain jm-458t with sequences of the type strains of closely related species of the genus enterobacter showed that it shared highest sequence similarity with enterobacter mori (98.7 %), enterobacter hormaechei (98.3 %), enterobacter cloaca ... | 2015 | 26294947 |
| plant growth promoting bacteria enterobacter asburiae jas5 and enterobacter cloacae jas7 in mineralization of endosulfan. | endosulfan and their metabolites can be detected in soils with a history of endosulfan application. microbial degradation offers an effective approach to remove toxicants, and in this study, enterobacter asburiae jas5 and enterobacter cloacae jas7 were isolated through enrichment technique. the biodegradation of endosulfan and its metabolites rate constant (k) and dt50 were determined through first-order kinetic models. e. asburiae jas5 degraded the endosulfan, and its metabolites in liquid medi ... | 2015 | 25638268 |
| expansion of esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in hospitalized patients: a successful story of international clones (st15, st147, st336) and epidemic plasmids (incr, incfiik). | the aim of this study was to characterize by a multi-level approach extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates other than e. coli from portuguese hospitals. eighty-eight esbl-producing clinical isolates (69 klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 enterobacter cloacae complex, 3 klebsiella oxytoca, 1 enterobacter asburiae, 1 proteus mirabilis and 1 serratia marcescens) recovered from hospitals located in the north (a) or centre (b, c) regions during two time periods (2006-7 and ... | 2014 | 25190354 |
| carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary hospital in madrid, spain: high percentage of colistin resistance among vim-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae st11 isolates. | here we describe the carbapenemase genes, genetic relatedness and antimicrobial susceptibility data of 123 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) clinical isolates recovered from 2010 to 2012, comprising klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 79), klebsiella oxytoca (n = 13), serratia marcescens (n = 14), enterobacter cloacae (n = 12), enterobacter asburiae (n = 4) and enterobacter aerogenes (n = 1). vim-1 was the most common carbapenemase (n = 101) followed by kpc-2 (n = 19), oxa-48 (n = 2) and i ... | 2014 | 24657043 |
| enterobacter cloacae complex: clinical impact and emerging antibiotic resistance. | species of the enterobacter cloacae complex are widely encountered in nature, but they can act as pathogens. the biochemical and molecular studies on e. cloacae have shown genomic heterogeneity, comprising six species: enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter asburiae, enterobacter hormaechei, enterobacter kobei, enterobacter ludwigii and enterobacter nimipressuralis, e. cloacae and e. hormaechei are the most frequently isolated in human clinical specimens. phenotypic identification of all species bel ... | 2012 | 22827309 |
| spread of an ompk36-modified st15 klebsiella pneumoniae variant during an outbreak involving multiple carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae species and clones. | we aim to characterise multiple ertapenem-resistant (ert-r, n = 15) enterobacteriaceae isolates identified as presumptive carbapenemase producers in a portuguese hospital in a short period of time (march-july 2010). antibiotic susceptibility patterns, β-lactamases, genetic relatedness [pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multi-locus sequence typing (mlst)], plasmid content and major enterobacterial porins were investigated. ertapenem resistance was associated with deficiencies in major pori ... | 2012 | 22706513 |
| isolation and characterization of plant growth promoting bacteria from non-rhizospheric soil and their effect on cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) seedling growth. | the efficacy of four potential phosphate solubilizing enterobacter isolated from non-rhizospheric soil in western ghat forest in india. plant growth promoting ability of these isolates was evaluated in cowpea. all are gram negative, rod shaped, 0.8-1.6 mm in size, and psychrotrophic in nature, grow from 5 to 40°c (optimum temp. 28 ± 2°c). all isolates exhibits growth at a wide range of ph 6-12, optimum at ph 7.0 and tolerates up to 7% (w/v) salt concentration. 16s rrna gene sequencing reveals th ... | 2010 | 24026928 |
| the draft genome sequence of the plant growth promoting rhizospheric bacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8. | here, we report the draft genome sequence and annotation of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium enterobacter cloacae sbp-8 isolated from the rhizosphere of sorghum bicolor l. growing in desert region of rajasthan, india. from the genome sequences, we identified the genes encoding plant growth promoting properties such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (acds), phosphate solubilisation, siderophore, and iaa (indole acetic acid) production. the genes encoding different functions requ ... | 2017 | 28386532 |
| draft genome sequence of a high-level colistin-resistant clinical strain of the enterobacter cloacae complex. | strain wchecl-c4 of the enterobacter cloacae complex, recovered from the blood of a patient with peritonitis, was high-level resistant to colistin. here, we report its 5.1-mb draft genome sequence, comprising 92 contigs with an average 55.74% g+c content. the genome contained 4,783 coding sequences and 68 trna genes. | 2017 | 28385849 |
| carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae recovered from a spanish river ecosystem. | the increasing resistance to carbapenems is an alarming threat in the fight against multiresistant bacteria. the dissemination properties of antimicrobial resistance genes are supported by their detection in a diverse population of bacteria, including strains isolated from the environment. the objective of this study was to investigate the presence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) collected from a river ecosystem in the barcelona metropolitan area (spain). identification of β- ... | 2017 | 28380016 |
| [community acquired urinary tract infections in older adults]. | background community acquired urinary tract infections (cauti) in adults are common ailments. older adults are prone to infectious diseases, diagnosis can be difficult, their etiologic and antimicrobial resistance are poorly known. objectives to evaluate the incidence discriminated by sex, symptoms, and to determine pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance rate. methods a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study. we analyze uricultures among 2013 in the hospital nacional de clinicas ... | 2017 | 28379126 |
| xer site specific recombination: double and single recombinase systems. | the separation and segregation of newly replicated bacterial chromosomes can be constrained by the formation of circular chromosome dimers caused by crossing over during homologous recombination events. in escherichia coli and most bacteria, dimers are resolved to monomers by site-specific recombination, a process performed by two chromosomally encoded tyrosine recombinases (xerc and xerd). xercd recombinases act at a 28 bp recombination site dif, which is located at the replication terminus reg ... | 2017 | 28373867 |
| gallbladder microbiota variability in colombian gallstones patients. | gallbladder stones are a very frequently occurring condition. despite bile bactericidal activity, many bacteria have been detected inside the gallbladder, and gallstones facilitate their presence. between 3% and 5% of the patients with salmonella spp. infection develop the carrier stage, with the bacteria persisting inside the gallbladder, shedding bacteria in their feces without signs of infection. the aim of this study was to isolate bacteria from colombian patients with gallstones, using stan ... | 2017 | 28368860 |
| efficient synthesis of tyrosol galactosides by the β-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae b5. | in this work, the β-galactosidase from enterobacter cloacae b5 (bgab5) exhibited excellent transglycosylation activity toward tyrosol (p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol) when using lactose as the glycosyl donor, generating a series of tyrosol glycosides with potential pharmacological properties. the effects of substrate concentration, temperature, ph, and reaction time on the transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by the enzyme bgab5 were studied in detail. three tyrosol derivatives were produced in a t ... | 2017 | 28361236 |
| troubled water under the bridge: screening of river mur water reveals dominance of ctx-m harboring escherichia coli and for the first time an environmental vim-1 producer in austria. | antibiotic resistant bacteria (arb) in the aquatic environment are reported from all over the world and their presence in the environment has become quite common. the current most prominent example is the presence of beta-lactamases harboring enterobacteriaceae. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and diversity (on the genetic and phenotypic levels) of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) and carbapenemases harboring enterobacteriaceae from the river mur in the center of gr ... | 2017 | 28351808 |
| structural and genetic characterization of the o-antigen of enterobacter cloacae c5529 related to the o-antigen of e. cloacae g3054. | on mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of enterobacter cloacae c5529, the o-polysaccharide chain was cleaved at the linkages of 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (di-n-acetylpseudaminic acid, psep5ac7ac). the resultant oligosaccharide and an alkali-treated lipopolysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, and the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-polysaccharide was esta ... | 2017 | 28342969 |
| two-year follow-up outcomes of premature infants enrolled in the phase i trial of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | to determine the long-term safety and outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants enrolled in a previous phase i clinical trial up to 2 years of corrected age (ca). | 2017 | 28341525 |
| high prevalence of non-clonal imipenem-nonsusceptible enterobacter spp. isolates in korea and their association with porin down-regulation. | we investigated the prevalence and clonal distribution of imipenem-nonsusceptible enterobacter clinical isolates from hospitals in korea and the contributions of various mechanisms to imipenem nonsusceptibility. the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility to imipenem of 357 non-duplicated enterobacter isolates obtained from eight geographically distant tertiary care hospitals in korea was evaluated. imipenem-nonsusceptible enterobacter isolates were genotyped. additionally, β-lactamase genes were ... | 2017 | 28336135 |
| soft tissue infections from fish spike wounds: normal commensal bacteria are more common than marine pathogens. | a fish spike injury can be sustained by anyone handling fish; during fishing, meal preparation or in retail. case reports of fish spikes inoculating victims with virulent marine-specific pathogens and causing systemic illness led us to question whether empirical treatment of these injuries with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is adequate. | 2017 | 28320052 |
| screening for fecal carriage of mcr-producing enterobacteriaceae in healthy humans and primary care patients. | the extent of the occurrence of the plasmid-encoded colistin resistance genes mcr-1 and mcr-2 among humans is currently sparsely studied in western europe. | 2017 | 28316780 |
| ulcerative granuloma of the eyelid as the initial manifestation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (wegener's granulomatosis): a case report. | a 56-year-old-man presented a 2-month history of chalazion in the eyelids without response to treatment and with an inconclusive biopsy. laboratory results confirmed the presence of enterobacter cloacae and streptococcus gordonii infection. despite appropriate intravenous antibiotic treatment, clinical worsening was observed. radical surgical excision and total tarsorrhaphy were performed. following treatment, the patient was asymptomatic for 6 weeks until he developed acute renal failure, gener ... | 2017 | 28306365 |
| in vitro activity of imipenem against carbapenemase-positive enterobacteriaceae: smart global surveillance program 2008-2014. | the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart) global surveillance program collected 103,960 isolates of enterobacteriaceae from 2008 to 2014. from this isolate collection all ertapenem-non-susceptible isolates (mic, ≥1 μg/ml; n = 3,428) and 9,371 isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, and proteus mirabilis with an ertapenem-susceptible extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-positive phenotype were assessed for the presence of common carbapenemas ... | 2017 | 28298454 |
| does second place count? lessons from a major discrepancy between carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae and carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae in a one-year follow-up study. | | 2017 | 28260534 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates from cancer patients. | bacterial infections are common in cancer patients. ceftaroline (cft) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against most gram-positive organisms (gpos) and many gram-negative organisms. in this study, the in vitro activity of cft was compared with vancomycin (van), daptomycin (dap), linezolid (lzd), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (sxt) and tigecycline (tig) against bacteria (predominantly blood culture isolates) isolated from cancer patients in 2014 and 2015. cft was active against met ... | 2017 | 28257904 |
| human norovirus binding to select bacteria representative of the human gut microbiota. | recent reports describe the ability of select bacterial strains to bind human norovirus, although the specificity of such interactions is unknown. the purpose of this work was to determine if a select group of bacterial species representative of human gut microbiota bind to human norovirus, and if so, to characterize the intensity and location of that binding. the bacteria screened included naturally occurring strains isolated from human stool (klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., bacillus spp., e ... | 2017 | 28257478 |
| very high prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in bacteriemic patients hospitalized in teaching hospitals in bamako, mali. | the worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae, (esbl-e) and their subset producing carbapenemases (cpe), is alarming. limited data on the prevalence of such strains in infections from patients from sub-saharan africa are currently available. we determined, here, the prevalence of esbl-e/cpe in bacteriemic patients in two teaching hospitals from bamako (mali), which are at the top of the health care pyramid in the country. during one year, all entero ... | 2017 | 28245252 |
| aerobic and heterotrophic nitrogen removal by enterobacter cloacae cf-s27 with efficient utilization of hydroxylamine. | heterotrophic bacterium, enterobacter cloacae cf-s27 exhibited simultaneous nitrification and aerobic denitrification in presence of high concentration of hydroxylamine. with the initial nitrogen concentration of 100mgl(-1)h(-1), ammonium, nitrate and nitrite removal efficiencies were 81%, 99.9% and 92.8%, while the corresponding maximum removal rates reached as high as 11.6, 15.1 and 11.2mgl(-1)h(-1) respectively. quantitative amplification by real time pcr and enzyme assay demonstrated that hy ... | 2017 | 28242385 |
| enterobacter cloacae complex isolates harboring blanmc-a or blaimi-type class a carbapenemase genes on novel chromosomal integrative elements and plasmids. | carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae complex isolates submitted to a reference laboratory from 2010 to 2015 were screened by pcr for seven common carbapenemase gene groups, namely, kpc, ndm, oxa-48, vim, imp, ges, and nmc-a/imi. nineteen of the submitted isolates (1.7%) were found to harbor ambler class a blanmc-a or blaimi-type carbapenemases. all 19 isolates were resistant to at least one carbapenem but susceptible to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tigecycline, and ciprof ... | 2017 | 28223374 |
| enumeration and identification of coliform bacteria injured by chlorine or fungicide mixed with agricultural water. | chemical sanitizers may induce no injury (bacteria survive), sublethal injury (bacteria are injured), or lethal injury (bacteria die). the proportion of coliform bacteria that were injured sublethally by chlorine and fungicide mixed with agricultural water (pond water), which was used to dilute the pesticide solution, was evaluated using the thin agar layer (tal) method. in pure cultures of enterobacter cloacae , escherichia coli , and e. coli o157:h7 (representing a human pathogen), the percent ... | 2016 | 28221856 |
| the locus of heat resistance (lhr) mediates heat resistance in salmonella enterica, escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacteriaceae comprise food spoilage organisms as well as food-borne pathogens including escherichia coli. heat resistance in e. coli was attributed to a genomic island called the locus of heat resistance (lhr). this genomic island is also present in several other genera of enterobacteriaceae, but its function in the enteric pathogens salmonella enterica and enterobacter cloacae is unknown. this study aimed to determine the frequency of the lhr in food isolates of e. coli, and its influence ... | 2017 | 28213040 |
| the overproduction of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in endophytes upregulates nitrogen fixation in both bacterial cultures and inoculated rice plants. | endophytic bacteria from roots and leaves of rice plants were isolated and identified in order to select the diazotrophs and improve their nitrogen-fixing abilities. the nitrogen-fixing endophytes were identified by pcr amplification of the nifh gene fragment. for this purpose, two isolates, enterobacter cloacae rca25 and klebsiella variicola rca26, and two model bacteria (herbaspirillum seropedicae z67 and sinorhizobium fredii ngr234) were transformed to increase the biosynthesis of the main pl ... | 2017 | 28197647 |
| molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae in ningxia province, china. | the emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) has become a major public health concern worldwide and a new challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases. the molecular characteristics of enterobacter cloacae in ningxia china are unknown. in this study, we reported 10 carbapenem-resistant e. cloacae isolates from the general hospital of ningxia medical university, the largest university hospital in ningxia between january 2012 and december 2013. bacteria isolates were identif ... | 2017 | 28197140 |
| molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a primary care hospital in japan, 2010-2013. | recently, carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) have been spreading worldwide and have become a threat in healthcare systems. we investigated the isolation frequency and molecular epidemiological characteristics of cpe isolated from clinical samples collected at a primary care hospital over the four years of 2010-2013 in japan. cpe were detected in 17 (0.34%) of 4875 isolates by the broth microdilution method, sodium mercaptoacetate inhibition test, and modified hodge test using merop ... | 2017 | 28161293 |
| potency and selectivity indices of acetone leaf extracts of nine selected south african trees against six opportunistic enterobacteriaceae isolates from commercial chicken eggs. | the rise in antimicrobial resistance in a plethora of nosocomial and opportunistic bacterial pathogens often isolated from commercial eggs, poses a serious public health concern. the existence of these contaminants may also serve as a drawback in the current efforts of improving the well-being of immunocompromised patients. the aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of plant extracts that had good activity on escherichia coli in previous word on pathogens isolated from eggs for possible ... | 2017 | 28148263 |
| enantio convergent biotransformation of o,o-dimethyl-4-oxoazetidin-2-ylphosphonate using fungal cells of penicillium minioluteum and purified enzymes. | this report presents the bioconversion of o,o-dimethyl-4-oxoazetidin-2-ylphosphonate 1 performed in two ways: with the enzymatic system of p. minioluteum and with the application of purified enzymes: penicillinase and two proteases of different origin. recorded nmr spectra allowed confirming the reaction progress and also postulating possible mechanism of conversion. the path of bioconversion was defined as enantio convergent process for both modes of applied biocatalysts. this means that kineti ... | 2017 | 28143659 |
| prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, and molecular epidemiology of mcr-1-positive enterobacteriaceae in patients and healthy adults from china: an epidemiological and clinical study. | the mcr-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. mcr-1-positive enterobacteriaceae (mcrpe) have attracted substantial medical, media, and political attention; however, so far studies have not addressed their clinical impact. herein, we report the prevalence of mcrpe in human infections and carriage, clinical associations of mcr-1-positive escherichia coli (mcrpec) infection, and risk factors for mcrpec carriage. | 2017 | 28139431 |
| [profile of bacterial resistance in pediatric urinary tract infections in 2014]. | in pediatric units, bacteria-producing extended-spectrum-betalactamase (esbl) have an increasing prevalence among bacteria causing febrile urinary tract infections (utis). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of bacteria resistance patterns observed in utis, in order to assess the current antibiotic treatment protocols. this study is based upon a single-center retrospective chart review of the cytobacteriological urine cultures performed in utis between 1 january and 31 dec ... | 2017 | 28131557 |
| effect of preoperative biliary drainage on bacterial flora in bile of patients with periampullary cancer. | patients with obstructive jaundice due to periampullary tumours may undergo preoperative biliary drainage (pbd). the effect of pbd on the microbiome of the biliary system and on postoperative outcome remains unclear. | 2017 | 28121036 |
| optimization of enterobacter cloacae (ku923381) for diesel oil degradation using response surface methodology (rsm). | efficiency of enterobacter cloacae ku923381 isolated from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil was evaluated in batch culture and bioreactor mode. the isolate were screened for biofilm formation using qualitative and quantitative assays. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to study the effect of ph, temperature, glucose concentration, and sodium chloride on diesel degradation. the predicted values for diesel oil degradation efficiency by the statistical designs are in a close agreemen ... | 2017 | 28120192 |
| bioadsorption and biostabilization of cadmium by enterobacter cloacae tu. | biostabilization of cadmium, a hazardous chemical found widely in china, was attempted using enterobacter cloacae tu (e.cloacae tu). a cadmium (cd)-tolerant e.cloacae tu was obtained by mutagenesis using an atmosphere pressure glow discharge plasma system, and it displayed regular growth behavior in the presence of 250 mg/l cd in solution. the maximum stabilization capacity of e.cloacae tu toward cd reached 67.0 ± 3.5 mg/g dry cell weight at an initial cd concentration of 200 mg/l. the percentag ... | 2017 | 28117094 |
| in vitro susceptibility to 19 agents other than β-lactams among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission. | as part of the multicentre antibiotic therapy optimisation study, mic values of 19 non-β-lactam agents were determined for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant escherichia coli, klebsiella species and enterobacter species (3gcreb) isolates collected in german hospitals. | 2017 | 28108677 |
| emergence of blandm-7-producing enterobacteriaceae in gabon, 2016. | reports of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in africa remain rare and assess mostly blaoxa-48-producing isolates from mediterranean countries and south africa. we identified blandm-7-producing enterobacteriaceae in gabon in 2016. the isolates contained blandm-7 incx3 plasmids that were unusual and similar to the one described in a colistin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae sz04 isolate from china. | 2017 | 28098536 |
| in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam against urinary isolates from patients in a phase 3 clinical trial programme for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam relative to comparator agents against gram-negative isolates from a phase 3 clinical trial programme for complicated urinary tract infections (recapture). | 2017 | 28088768 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and comparator agents when tested against bacterial isolates causing infection in cancer patients (2013-2014). | we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 623 gram-negative organisms causing infection in patients with cancer in 52 united states hospitals (2013-2014) as part of the international network for optimal resistance monitoring (inform) program. isolates were tested for susceptibility by broth microdilution method. β-lactamase encoding genes were evaluated for all escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) phenotype by microarray-based assay. esbl-pheno ... | 2017 | 28069328 |
| the pharmacodynamics of avibactam in combination with ceftaroline or ceftazidime against β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae studied in an in vitro model of infection. | pharmacodynamics of β-lactamase inhibitors are an area of intense interest as new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations enter clinical development and clinical practice. avibactam, a non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, has been combined with ceftaroline or ceftazidime but these two combinations have not been directly compared. | 2017 | 28039276 |
| management of acute hematogenous infection following total knee arthroplasty: a case series of 11 patients. | acute hematogenous infection is a devastating complication that can occur after total knee arthroplasty (tka). the best strategies for management of this infection remain controversial. two-stage revision has been well described as the gold standard for the management of chronic late infections. however, there is a paucity of information presently available on the management and outcomes of patients treated for acute hematogenous infections. the purpose of the present study was to report the out ... | 2016 | 28032700 |
| antibiofilm efficacy of green synthesized graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite using lagerstroemia speciosa floral extract: a comparative study on inhibition of gram-positive and gram-negative biofilms. | biofilm architecture provides bacteria with enhanced antibiotic resistance, thus raising the need to search for alternative therapies that can inhibit the bacterial colonization. in the present study, we synthesized graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite (go-ag) by non-toxic and eco-friendly route using a floral extract of legistromia speciosa (l.) pers. the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis of plant extract revealed the presence of compounds which can simultaneously act as redu ... | 2017 | 28027944 |
| [epidemiology and risk factors of patients with intra-abdominal postsurgical infection treated with tigecycline: a cohort study]. | to study a cohort of patients with intra-abdominal postsurgical infection treated with tigecycline to analyze its effectiveness and mortality related factors. | 2017 | 28010058 |
| corrigendum to "carbapenem susceptibility among escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from patients in intensive care units in taiwan in 2005, 2007, and 2009" [diagn microbiol infect dis 2015;81(4):290-295]. | | 2017 | 27993423 |
| structural insight into mode of binding of meropenem to ctx-m-15 type β-lactamase. | among enterobacteriaceae, ctx-m type extended spectrum beta lactamase confers potent hydrolytic activity against cephalosporin group of antibiotics. strains producing ctx-m type beta lactamase enzymes, show high level of resistance against cefotaxime. therefore carbapenem antibiotics are used against beta lactamase producing strains. hence, this study was designed to understand an insight of molecular basis of ctx-m-15 interaction with meropenem, and its effect on ctx-m-15 efficiency. clinical s ... | 2017 | 27986632 |
| reduction of quinones and nitroaromatic compounds by escherichia coli nitroreductase a (nfsa): characterization of kinetics and substrate specificity. | nfsa, a major fmn-associated nitroreductase of e. coli, reduces nitroaromatic compounds via consecutive two-electron transfers. nfsa has potential applications in the biodegradation of nitroaromatic environment pollutants, e.g. explosives, and is also of interest for the anticancer strategy gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy. however, the catalytic mechanism of nfsa is poorly characterized. here we examined the nadph-dependent reduction of quinones (n = 16) and nitroaromatic compounds (n = 12) ... | 2017 | 27986535 |
| molecular and in silico analysis of a new plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamase (cmh-2) in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | two klebsiella strains isolated from urine samples were positive for blaampc by pcr and showed sequence similarity with cmh-1 (98.6%) after sequencing. it also shares 82% similarity with act-1, 85% with mir-1 and 81% with the chromosomal ampc gene of enterobacter cloacae. this gene was associated with the plasmid of inck type. it has an open reading frame of 381 amino acid with four amino acid substitutions at position d144a, c189r, q192e, and a195t as compared to cmh-1. when expressed in e.coli ... | 2017 | 27964935 |
| inventory of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in france as assessed by a multicenter study. | the objective of this study was to perform an inventory of the extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates responsible for infections in french hospitals and to assess the mechanisms associated with esbl diffusion. a total of 200 nonredundant esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from clinical samples were collected during a multicenter study performed in 18 representative french hospitals. antibiotic resistance genes were identified by pcr and sequenc ... | 2017 | 27956424 |
| intense pre-admission carriage and further acquisition of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae among patients and their caregivers in a tertiary hospital in rwanda. | to assess the presence and risk factors of intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) among patients admitted to the university teaching hospital of butare and among their attending caregivers, and to analyse the acquisition of esbl-pe carriage during hospital stay and associated factors. | 2017 | 27935649 |
| searching for a potential antibacterial lead structure against bacterial biofilms among new naphthoquinone compounds. | the aims of this study were to design, synthesize and to evaluate 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and its biofilm, to probe for potential lead structures. | 2017 | 27930849 |
| a prolonged outbreak of kpc-3-producing enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae driven by multiple mechanisms of resistance transmission at a large academic burn center. | klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacter cloacae has been recently recognized in the united states. whole-genome sequencing (wgs) has become a useful tool for analysis of outbreaks and for determining transmission networks of multidrug-resistant organisms in health care settings, including carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre). we experienced a prolonged outbreak of cre e. cloacae and k. pneumoniae over a 3-year period at a large academic burn center despite rigor ... | 2017 | 27919898 |
| clonal spread and accumulation of β-lactam resistance determinants in enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from infection and colonization in patients at a public hospital in recife, pernambuco, brazil. | enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae complex are the two species of this genus most involved in healthcare-associated infections that are esbl and carbapenemase producers. this study characterized, phenotypically and genotypically, 51 isolates of e. aerogenes and e. cloacae complex originating from infection or colonization in patients admitted to a public hospital in recife, pernambuco, brazil, by antimicrobial susceptibility profile, analysis of β-lactamase genes (blatem, blashv, bl ... | 2017 | 27902398 |
| [evaluation of an immunochromatographic test for the detection of oxa-48 carbapenemase]. | detection and differentiation of various types of carbapenemases is crucial to their control and dissemination. oxa-48 is the most common carbapenemase in spain and in our environment. the aim of this study is the evaluation of a new immunochromatographic test oxa-48 card letitest (coris, bioconcept belgium) to detect this carbapenemase from solid media. | 2017 | 27897435 |
| two symbiotic bacteria of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. against galleria mellonella. | the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. is considered a promising agent in the biocontrol of injurious insects of agriculture. however, different symbiotic bacteria associated with the nematode usually have different specificity and virulence toward their own host. in this study, two symbiotic bacteria, ly2w and nk, were isolated from the intestinal canals of two entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis megidis 90 (pdsj1 and pdsj2) from galleria mellonela, separately. to determine th ... | 2017 | 27889603 |
| [molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae infection/colonisation in a hospital in madrid]. | a description is presented on the molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae infection in a tertiary hospital. | 2016 | 27866753 |
| molecular characterization of oxa-48-like-producing enterobacteriaceae in the czech republic and evidence for horizontal transfer of poxa-48-like plasmids. | the aim of this study was to characterize the first cases and outbreaks of oxa-48-like-producing enterobacteriaceae recovered from hospital settings in the czech republic. from 2013 to 2015, 22 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 3 escherichia coli isolates, and 1 enterobacter cloacae isolate producing oxa-48-like carbapenemases were isolated from 20 patients. four of the patients were colonized or infected by two or three different oxa-48-like producers. the k. pneumoniae isolates were classified i ... | 2017 | 27855076 |
| the differential importance of mutations within ampd in cephalosporin resistance of enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae. | mechanisms leading to carbapenem and cephalosporin resistance were sought in enterobacter aerogenes isolates that were highly resistant to carbapenems but had no known carbapenemase. results were compared with recent work examining carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae. eighteen carbapenem-resistant e. aerogenes were screened for known β-lactamase and carbapenemase genes, and novel carbapenemases were sought in whole-genome sequencing (wgs) data of the three most resistant isolates. for all ... | 2016 | 27665520 |
| [increasing incidence of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical microorganisms]. | knowing the most common microorganisms in our environment can help us to make proper empirical treatment decisions. the aim is to identify those microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia. | 2016 | 27773623 |
| extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in bulk tank milk from german dairy farms. | although the dairy farm environment is a known source of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria, surveillance data on esbl in the milk production chain are still scarce. this study aimed at estimating the dimensions of the problem for public health and animal welfare by surveying esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae in raw bulk tank milk in germany. samples from 866 dairy farms, comprising about 1% of the total number of dairy farms in germany, were first screened for presence of c ... | 2016 | 27592073 |
| identification of a novel imi carbapenemase variant (imi-9) in enterobacter cloacae complex. | | 2016 | 27742202 |
| characterization of escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae in producer-distributor bulk milk. | the current study was undertaken to characterize escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae in raw and pasteurized producer-distributor bulk milk (pdbm). a total of 258 samples were collected from purchase points in 8 provinces in south africa. the samples were tested for antibiotic residues, phosphatase, total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and e. coli counts. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used for identification of isolates. escherichia coli ... | 2016 | 27720154 |
| biodegradation of malathion, α- and β-endosulfan by bacterial strains isolated from agricultural soil in veracruz, mexico. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of two bacterial strains isolated, cultivated, and purified from agricultural soils of veracruz, mexico, for biodegradation and mineralisation of malathion (diethyl 2-(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl) succinate) and α- and β-endosulfan (6,7,8,9,10,10-hexachloro-1,5,5a,6,9,9a-hexahydro-6-9-methano-2,4,3-benzodioxathiepine-3-oxide). the isolated bacterial strains were identified using biochemical and morphological characterization and the analysis ... | 2016 | 27715499 |
| distribution of esbls, ampc β-lactamases and carbapenemases among enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in the asia-pacific region during 2008-14: results from the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart). | to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and assess the molecular characteristics of β-lactamases (esbls, ampc β-lactamases and carbapenemases) among enterobacteriaceae isolates that caused intra-abdominal infections (iais) in patients hospitalized in the asia-pacific region during 2008-14. | 2017 | 27703058 |
| necrotizing fasciitis in a healthy pediatric patient caused by enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens: a discussion of diagnosis and management. | | 2016 | 27670553 |
| the dissemination of multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae throughout the uk and ireland. | enterobacter cloacae is a clinically important gram-negative member of the enterobacteriaceae, which has increasingly been recognized as a major pathogen in nosocomial infections. despite this, knowledge about the population structure and the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance determinants of this species is scarce. in this study, we analysed a systematic collection of multidrug-resistant e. cloacae isolated between 2001 and 2011 from bloodstream infections across hospit ... | 2016 | 27669519 |
| whole-genome multilocus sequence typing of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | molecular typing has become indispensable in the detection of nosocomial transmission of bacterial pathogens and the identification of sources and routes of transmission in outbreak settings, but current methods are labor-intensive, are difficult to standardize, or have limited resolution. whole-genome multilocus sequence typing (wgmlst) has emerged as a whole-genome sequencing (wgs)-based gene-by-gene typing method that may overcome these limitations and has been applied successfully for severa ... | 2016 | 27629900 |
| an irish outbreak of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm)-1 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: increasing but unrecognized prevalence. | carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) may cause healthcare-associated infections with high mortality rates. new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) is among the most recently discovered carbapenemases. | 2016 | 27624807 |
| antibiotic failure mediated by a resistant subpopulation in enterobacter cloacae. | antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat, further complicated by unexplained treatment failures caused by bacteria that appear antibiotic susceptible. we describe an enterobacter cloacae isolate harbouring a minor subpopulation that is highly resistant to the last-line antibiotic colistin. this subpopulation was distinct from persisters, became predominant in colistin, returned to baseline after colistin removal and was dependent on the histidine kinase phoq. during murine infection ... | 2016 | 27572838 |
| early cerebral abscesses secondary to enterobacter cloacae sepsis in an extreme preterm. | | 2017 | 27566668 |
| effects of a treatment with se-rich rice flour high in resistant starch on enteric dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in diabetic icr mice. | enteric dysbiosis is associated with chronic inflammation and interacts with obesity and insulin resistance. obesity and diabetes are induced in icr (institute of cancer research) mice fed a high-fat diet and administered a streptozocin injection. these mice were treated with normal rice (nr), normal rice with a high resistant starch content (nrrs) or se-rich rice (selenium-enriched rice) with a high resistant starch content (srrs). | 2017 | 27562375 |
| multidrug resistance and transferability of blactx-m among extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enteric bacteria in biofilm. | this study aimed to investigate the occurrence of biofilm-forming extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enteric bacteria in hospital wastewater and to evaluate their antibiotic resistance behaviour and transferability of the plasmid-encoded blactx-m gene in biofilm. esbl production was confirmed using the combined disc test and etest. amplification of blactx-m was performed by pcr. antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method. transfer ... | 2016 | 27530857 |
| the spread of kpc-producing enterobacteriaceae in spain: wgs analysis of the emerging high-risk clones of klebsiella pneumoniae st11/kpc-2, st101/kpc-2 and st512/kpc-3. | we analysed the microbiological traits and population structure of kpc-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in spain between 2012 and 2014. we also performed a comparative wgs analysis of the three major kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae clones detected. | 2016 | 27530752 |
| australian group on antimicrobial resistance australian enterobacteriaceae sepsis outcome programme annual report, 2014. | the australian group on antimicrobial resistance performs regular period-prevalence studies to monitor changes in antimicrobial resistance in selected enteric gram-negative pathogens. the 2014 survey was the second year to focus on blood stream infections. during 2014, 5,798 enterobacteriaceae species isolates were tested using commercial automated methods (vitek 2, biomérieux; phoenix, bd) and results were analysed using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) and european commit ... | 2016 | 27522134 |
| multidrug-resistant surgical site infections in a humanitarian surgery project. | the epidemiology of surgical site infections (ssis) in surgical programmes in sub-saharan africa is inadequately described. we reviewed deep and organ-space ssis occurring within a trauma project that had a high-quality microbiology partnership and active follow-up. included patients underwent orthopaedic surgery in teme hospital (port harcourt, nigeria) for trauma and subsequently developed a ssi requiring debridement and microbiological sampling. data were collected from structured chart revie ... | 2016 | 27509824 |
| association between chronic hemodialysis and bloodstream infections caused by chromosomally mediated ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae. | the combination of inherent antimicrobial resistance and high mortality after bloodstream infections (bsis) caused by chromosomally mediated ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae (cae) emphasizes the importance of identifying patients at risk of bsi because of these bacteria. this retrospective case-control study examines chronic hemodialysis among other risk factors for bsi caused by cae. | 2016 | 27499192 |
| cluster-dependent colistin hetero-resistance in enterobacter cloacae complex. | aims of this study were to: (i) evaluate whether the cluster membership could have an impact on hetero-resistance phenotype to colistin in the enterobacter cloacae complex (ecc); and (ii) determine the genetic mechanism of colistin hetero-resistance in ecc. | 2016 | 27494907 |
| first report of german cockroaches (blattella germanica) as reservoirs of ctx-m-15 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and oxa-48 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in batna university hospital, algeria. | here we report the isolation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)- and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae from german cockroaches caught in the burn unit of batna university hospital in algeria. nine of 12 isolates harbored the blactx-m-15 esbl gene. one enterobacter cloacae isolate belonging to sequence type 528 coexpressed the blaoxa-48, blactx-m-15, and blatem genes. our findings indicate that cockroaches may be one of the most dangerous reservoirs for esbl and carbapenemase produc ... | 2016 | 27458214 |
| imi-1-producing enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from tahiti, french polynesia. | | 2016 | 27436456 |
| spread of enterobacter cloacae carrying blandm-1, blactx-m-15, blashv-12 and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in a surgical intensive care unit in croatia. | the objective of this study was to describe a hospital cluster of ndm-1-producing enterobacter cloacae infections observed in the surgical intensive care unit (icu) of a tertiary-care hospital at pula, croatia. ndm-1-producing e. cloacae strains isolated from clinical samples were screened by pcr for the presence of carbapenemases. genetic relatedness of ndm-1-producing e. cloacae strains was determined by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). during the period october 2013 to april 2014, four pati ... | 2016 | 27436392 |
| high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in enterobacter cloacae isolated from hospitals of the qazvin, alborz, and tehran provinces, iran. | plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) is a growing clinical concern worldwide. the main aims of this study were to detect qnr-encoding genes and to evaluate the clonal relatedness of qnr-positive enterobacter cloacae isolates. | 2017 | 27384824 |
| antibiotic combinations for controlling colistin-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae is a gram-negative bacterium associated with high morbidity and mortality in intensive care patients due to its resistance to multiple antibiotics. currently, therapy against multi-resistant bacteria consists of using colistin, in spite of its toxic effects at higher concentrations. in this context, colistin-resistant e. cloacae strains were challenged with lower levels of colistin combined with other antibiotics to reduce colistin-associated side effects. colistin-resistant ... | 2017 | 27381521 |
| progressive increase of resistance in enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from kidney transplant recipients over the past decade: narrowing of the therapeutic options. | antibiotic resistance is an emerging phenomenon in kidney transplantation (kt). | 2016 | 27373698 |
| [advances in humans and animals opportunistic pathogens from environment infecting plants by crossing kingdoms]. | some pathogenic microorganisms ubiquitous in the environment could cross kingdoms to infect diverse hosts. several cross-kingdom human pathogens were summarized in this paper, including serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeuriginosa. they are ubiquitous in the nature and could cause plant diseases using the same or different infection strategies with which they infect humans and broaden host range. among these bacteria, klebsiella pneumoniae causes top rot disease of maize ... | 2016 | 27373067 |
| [synergistic activity and clinical efficacy of fosfomycin and ciprofloxacin combination treatment for soft tissue infection caused by carbapenemase-producing enterobacter cloacae]. | | 2017 | 27363666 |
| the curli biogenesis genes expression level is unassociated with enterobacter cloacae hsp60 clusters and pfge genotypes. | the objective of this study was to determine the correlation between enterobacter cloacae complex subspecies and clusters involved in uti infections and specific pulsotypes, and to assess the contribution of major curli biogenesis genes (csgd, csga) expression level to pathogenesis of clusters and genotypes. based on the pfge analysis, 37 different profiles were observed among which 8 profiles were common types. real time pcr of csgd and csga genes of 50 e. cloacae complex in relation to pfge an ... | 2016 | 27354208 |
| neonatal resuscitation equipment: a hidden risk for our babies? | neonatal infections carry a heavy burden of morbidity and mortality. poor practice can result in unintentional colonisation of medical equipment with potentially pathogenic organisms. this study will determine the prevalence and type of bacterial contamination on exposed neonatal resuscitation equipment in different clinical settings and explore simple measures to reduce contamination risk. | 2016 | 27329905 |
| in vitro activity of polymyxin b in combination with various antibiotics against extensively drug-resistant enterobacter cloacae with decreased susceptibility to polymyxin b. | against extensively drug-resistant (xdr) enterobacter cloacae, combination antibiotic therapy may be the only option. we investigated the activity of various antibiotics in combination with polymyxin b using time-kill studies (tks). tks were conducted with four nonclonal xdr e. cloacae isolates with 5 log10 cfu/ml bacteria against maximum, clinically achievable concentrations of polymyxin b alone and in two-drug combinations with 10 different antibiotics. a hollow-fiber infection model (hfim) si ... | 2016 | 27324776 |